Localization of a Contact Zone between Two Highly Divergent Mitochondrial DNA Lineages of the Brown Bear Ursus arctos in Scandinavia - PubMed (original) (raw)
Localization of a Contact Zone between Two Highly Divergent Mitochondrial DNA Lineages of the Brown Bear Ursus arctos in Scandinavia
Pierre Taberlet et al. Conserv Biol. 1995 Oct.
Abstract
In Europe the brown bear (Ursus arctos) is represented by two different mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages, which probably diverged about 0.85 million years ago. Scandinavia has been colonized by representatives of both lineages, from the north (eastern lineage) and from the south (western lineage), and now bears occur primarily in four main regions called female concentration areas. For management purposes the localization of the contact zone between these two genotypes is important. Using hairs as a source of DNA, 127 individual brown bears from throughout the Scandinavian populations were assayed for lineage assignment. A part of the mtDNA control region was amplified via the polymearase chain reaction, and the product was either sequenced (14 individuals) or digested with two diagnostic restriction endonucleases (113 individuals). Fifty-six and 71 bears were assigned to the western and eastern lineages, respectively. The geographic distribution of the two genotypes allowed precise localization of the contact zone. Only two males from each lineage had crossed the border between the two lineages. We used dispersal data from bears radiomarked as yearlings to determine whether potential mtDNA introgressions agreed with the dispersal behavior of bears. The males in the "wrong" areas were all within the 95th-percentile dispersal distance from the "correct" area. Females were more philopatric than males, and none were found in the wrong areas. The two female concentration areas flanking the contact zone were 134 km apart. Thus, radiotelemetry results on dispersal distances could explain the occurrence of the males in the wrong genetic area. In the absence of information concerning possible male-mediated gene flow, a conservative management approach would be to consider the southern and the three northern female concentration areas as two distinct conservation units. Localización de una zona de contacto entre dos linajes de ADN mitocondrial muy divergentes del oso pardo Ursus arctos en Escandinavia.
Resumen: En Europa, el oso pardo (Ursus arctos) está representado por dos linajes de ADN mitocondrial (mtADN) diferentes, que problablemente divergieron hace unos 0.85 milliones de años. Escandinavia ha sido colonizada por representantes de ambos linajes, uno del norte (linaje oriental) y uno del sur (linaje occidental), y en la actualidad, los osos e encuentran en cuatro regiones principales denominadas áreas de concentración de hembras. La localización de la zona de contacto entre estos dos genotipos es importante para el manejo. Se analizaron 127 osos pardos de problaciones a lo largo de Escandinavia para determinar su linaje usando pelos como fuente de ADN. Se amplificó una parte de la región control del mtADN usando la cadena de reacción de polimerasas y el producto fue secuenciado (14 individuos) o digerido con dos endonucleasas de restricción diagnóstica (113 individuos). Se asignaron 56 osos al linaje occidental y 71 al linaje oriental. La distribución geográfica de los dos genotipos permitió la localización precisa de la zona de contacto. Sólo dos machos de cada linaje cruzaron el borde entre los dos linajes. Nosotros usamos datos de dispersión de osos marcados con radios durante su primer año de vida a efecto de determinar si las introgersiones potenciales de mtADN coincidían con el comportamiento de dispersión de los osos. Todos los machos en las áreas “erroneas” se encontraban dentro del percentil 95avo de la distancia de dispersión de las áreas “correctas”. Las hembras fueron más filopátricas que los machos y ninguna fue encontrada en las áreas “erroneas”. Las dos áreas de concentración de hembras que flanqueaban la zona de contacto se encontraban a 134 km de distancia. Por lo tanto, los resultados de la radio-telemetría sobra las distancias de dispersión pueden explicar la presencia de machos en las área genéticas “equivocadas”. En ausencia de información acerca de un posible flujo genético a cargo de los machos, una estrategia de manejo conservativa sería considerar a la concentración del sur y a las tres del norte como dos unidades de conservación distintas.
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