Functional analysis of the proximal CCR5 promoter - PubMed (original) (raw)
Functional analysis of the proximal CCR5 promoter
R Liu et al. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1998.
Abstract
Two promoters for the CCR5 gene, termed Pu and Pd, corresponding to the upstream and downstream initiation sites, respectively, have been described. We show here that the proximal promoter, Pd, is used two- to fivefold more frequently than Pu in primary activated T cells and in the transformed T cell line PM1. Because of its importance in CCR5 transcription we characterized the transcriptional activity of this promoter. Pd contains a pair of consensus TATA elements (nt -19 and -31) and several potential regulatory elements and transcription factor-binding sites, including those for STAT, NF-kappaB, AP-1, NF-AT, and CD28RE. Using a transfected reporter vector, we found the promoter to be highly active and cell type specific. By 5' deletion analysis, the minimal CCR5 promoter was localized to a 225-nucleotide region (nt -189 to +36). This region contained the two TATA elements, a CD28RE consensus sequence, an AP-1-binding site, and two STAT-binding sites. The 1.9-kb intron appeared to have a negative influence on reporter gene activity, suggesting the presence of a negative element in this region. In addition, an upstream negative element was detected in the region nt -988 to -588. Mutagenesis of the TATA elements, of the NF-kappaB-, and AP-1-, and STAT-binding sites, and of the CD28RE indicated the importance of each of these in transcription. Finally, the NF-kappaB/Rel family member, p65(RelA), was a potent activator of the CCR5 promoter.
Similar articles
- Characterization of the infection-responsive bovine lactoferrin promoter.
Zheng J, Ather JL, Sonstegard TS, Kerr DE. Zheng J, et al. Gene. 2005 Jun 20;353(1):107-17. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2005.04.016. Gene. 2005. PMID: 15935571 - NF-κB, Sp1 and NF-Y as transcriptional regulators of human SND1 gene.
Armengol S, Arretxe E, Rodríguez L, Ochoa B, Chico Y, Martínez MJ. Armengol S, et al. Biochimie. 2013 Apr;95(4):735-42. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.10.029. Epub 2012 Nov 15. Biochimie. 2013. PMID: 23160072 - Functional disparity of distinct CD28 response elements toward mitogenic responses.
Civil A, Rensink I, Aarden LA, Verweij CL. Civil A, et al. J Biol Chem. 1999 Nov 26;274(48):34369-74. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.48.34369. J Biol Chem. 1999. PMID: 10567414 - Transcriptional control in myelinating glia: flavors and spices.
Wegner M. Wegner M. Glia. 2000 Jul;31(1):1-14. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(200007)31:1<1::aid-glia10>3.0.co;2-v. Glia. 2000. PMID: 10816602 Review.
Cited by
- Targeting CCR5 as a Component of an HIV-1 Therapeutic Strategy.
Mohamed H, Gurrola T, Berman R, Collins M, Sariyer IK, Nonnemacher MR, Wigdahl B. Mohamed H, et al. Front Immunol. 2022 Jan 20;12:816515. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.816515. eCollection 2021. Front Immunol. 2022. PMID: 35126374 Free PMC article. Review. - CCR5, MCP-1 and VDR Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with the Susceptibility to HBV Infection.
Moudi B, Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H. Moudi B, et al. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2019 Oct;34(4):407-417. doi: 10.1007/s12291-018-0772-8. Epub 2018 Jun 27. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2019. PMID: 31686727 Free PMC article. - Transcriptional down-regulation of ccr5 in a subset of HIV+ controllers and their family members.
Gonzalo-Gil E, Rapuano PB, Ikediobi U, Leibowitz R, Mehta S, Coskun AK, Porterfield JZ, Lampkin TD, Marconi VC, Rimland D, Walker BD, Deeks S, Sutton RE. Gonzalo-Gil E, et al. Elife. 2019 Apr 9;8:e44360. doi: 10.7554/eLife.44360. Elife. 2019. PMID: 30964004 Free PMC article. - Cell Type-Specific Roles of NF-κB Linking Inflammation and Thrombosis.
Mussbacher M, Salzmann M, Brostjan C, Hoesel B, Schoergenhofer C, Datler H, Hohensinner P, Basílio J, Petzelbauer P, Assinger A, Schmid JA. Mussbacher M, et al. Front Immunol. 2019 Feb 4;10:85. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00085. eCollection 2019. Front Immunol. 2019. PMID: 30778349 Free PMC article. Review. - NF-κB1 Rs28362491 Mutant Allele Frequencies along the Silk Road and Beyond.
Pordel S, Nemati K, Karimi MH, Doroudchi M. Pordel S, et al. Iran J Public Health. 2018 Mar;47(3):397-406. Iran J Public Health. 2018. PMID: 29845028 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Research Materials