shabnam shahzad | University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan (original) (raw)

Papers by shabnam shahzad

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2017

The study was designed to evaluate the phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant and antimicro... more The study was designed to evaluate the phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum), mint (Mentha spicata), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), oak (Quercus), aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller), and ginger (Zingiber officinale). All extracts showed a wide range of total phenolic contents, that is, 4.96 to 98.37 mg/100 g gallic acid equivalents, and total flavonoid contents, that is, 0.41 to 17.64 mg/100 g catechin equivalents. Antioxidant activity (AA) was determined by measuring reducing power, inhibition of peroxidation using linoleic acid system, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity. Different extracts inhibited oxidation of linoleic acid by 16.6-84.2% while DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC 50 values) ranged from 17.8% to 79.1 g/mL. Reducing power at 10 mg/mL extract concentration ranged from 0.11 to 0.84 nm. Furthermore the extracts of these medicinal herbs in 80% methanol, 80% ethanol, 80% acetone, and 100% water were screened for antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method against selected bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Pasteurella multocida, and fungal strains, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus solani, and Alternaria alternata. The extracts show better antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains as compared to fungal strains. Results of various assays were analyzed statistically by applying appropriate statistical methods.

Journal of AOAC International, 2011

Three methods are presented for the simultaneous determination of diloxanide furoate (DLX) and me... more Three methods are presented for the simultaneous determination of diloxanide furoate (DLX) and metronidazole (MTR), used for their antiprotozoal and antiamoebic effect, in the presence of DLX alkaline degradates and in pharmaceutical formulations, without previous separation. The first method is chemometric-assisted spectrophotometry, in which principal component regression and partial least squares were applied. These two approaches were successfully applied to quantify each drug in the mixture using the information included in the absorption spectra in the range of 225-320 nm. The second method is TLC-densitometry, in which the binary mixture and degradates were separated on silica gel plates using a chloroform-acetoneglacial acetic acid (9.5 + 0.5 + 0.07, v/v/v) mobile phase and the bands were scanned at 254 nm. The last method is HPLC, in which DLX, MTR, and degradates were separated using the mobile phase acetonitrile-0.05 M dibasic potassium phosphate (25 + 75, v/v), adjusted to pH 4 with orthophosphoric acid, at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, on a C18 analytical column. Detection was at 254 nm. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the analysis of DLX and MTR in pharmaceutical formulations, and the results were statistically compared with a reported spectrophotometric method.

Journal- Chemical Society of Pakistan

Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium... more Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The employment of radiopharmaceuticals is increasing nowadays for infection imaging and early execution of patients having infectious or inflammatory complaints. The main aim of this study was to discover a novel method for the labeling of ofloxacin with 99mTc, optimization of labelling conditions to get higher percent yield, to assess kits radiochemical purity, in vitro stability, partition coefficient, protein binding, and intracellular accumulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli in infected rabbits. Maximum labeling efficiency was achieved when 1.5mg ofloxacin was labeled with 10–20mCi sodium pertechnetate in the presence of 3mg D-penicillamine, 75

British Journal of Surgery, 2021

Aim The aim of this study to assess the surgical presentation and outcome for bullous lung diseas... more Aim The aim of this study to assess the surgical presentation and outcome for bullous lung disease in Sudanese patients. Method A cross sectional hospital based descriptive retrospective study. Procedures were conducted at Al-Shaab Teaching Hospital Sudan during the period from November 2009 to September 2012. Results 11 patients had lung bullae in the given period. Smoking does not play an important role in the development of bullae in healthy young adults in our patients. Vanishing Lung syndrome (VLS) was seen in 18% of patients without history of smoking. The patients presenting in the fifth decade of life constituted (36.3%) of total number. symptoms of presentation were chest pain and SOB and half of them (45.5%) had exertional dyspnoea. The duration of symptoms before presentation was more than 2 months. Asthma was the only respiratory disease associated seen in 45%. HBV and HTN were the most associated diseases seen in 27% and 18% respectively without significant findings in ...

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2017

Economic development and growth of a nation depends mainly on the energy sector, which is a drivi... more Economic development and growth of a nation depends mainly on the energy sector, which is a driving force for the progress of a country. The increasing energy needs and its fulfillment through conventional and renewable resources is a great challenge [1]. Pakistan is under severe energy crises and depends on imports of fuels in order to meet needs, but still we are facing a huge load-shedding. Industries have been ruined due to this situation, i.e., many textile mills are closed. We are mainly using conventional fossil fuels for energy generation, i.e., 50.4% of natural gas, 29% oil, 11% hydro power, and about 7.6% coal, and it has been recognized globally that their consumption has raised many environmental issues. In Pakistan energy plays a vital role in strategic planning sectors, and various concerns such as prices of energy, climate change, and population growth has led us toward

Food Analytical Methods, 2016

Inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry method for determination of macroelement... more Inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry method for determination of macroelements (Ca, Mg, K, P, Na), trace elements (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn), non-essential element (Al), and toxic heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb) in fresh milk (n = 24) and pasteurized milk (n = 15) was optimized and validated. Analytical lines with low matrix affects and free from spectral interferences were selected for optimization and validation studies. Accuracy and precision were performed on certified milk samples and percent relative standard deviation (%RSD), and recovery results are in compliance with FDA guidelines for inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) methods for elemental composition in food stuffs. Significantly higher concentration of Al was found in both types of milk samples as compared with recommended standard for milk. No significant difference was found between the concentration of Pb and Cd in both samples. A strong positive correlation was found between Cu-Fe and Al-P. Correlations between other elements within each of analyzed samples were also found. The results indicate that particular attention should be paid to Al and Pb residues to control and confirm the absence of possible toxicological risks.

Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2015

Gemifloxacin, a novel, 4th generation fluoroquinolone derivative, was labeled with 99m Tc; its fr... more Gemifloxacin, a novel, 4th generation fluoroquinolone derivative, was labeled with 99m Tc; its freeze dried kits were prepared and used for infection imaging. Kits showed great stability with higher labeling efficiency. Kits were synthesized through a simple method; developed at room temperature without HCl and heating with low colloidal content. Reaction conditions were optimized in order to get maximum radiochemical purity. Highest labeling efficiency (99 ± 0.05)% was achieved when 1.0 mg gemifloxacin was labeled with 10 mCi sodium pertechnetate in the presence of 50 lg SnCl 2 and 300 lg D-penicillamine at room temperature. Radiolabeled antibiotic kits were preclinically assessed such as in-vitro stability, lipophilicity, protein binding, in-vitro binding with bacterial strains and pharmacokinetic investigations in animals. Kits were found highly stable for 6 h both at room temperature and at 37°C in serum. Biodistribution showed excellent uptake of activity at infection site (in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae). Biodistribution data showed that 99m Tc-gemifloxacin has the potential and may be used for infection imaging.

LATIN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

ABSTRACT

Quaternary ammonium compounds were derived from tallow and coconut oil. Amides were prepared by r... more Quaternary ammonium compounds were derived from tallow and coconut oil. Amides were prepared by reacting the coconut oil and tallow with amines (triethylamine and trimethylamine). Then by reaction of amide with alkyl halide (1-bromo butane, 1-chlorobutane and iodoethane) compounds were prepared. The purity of these compounds was checked by chemical analysis and IR spectrometry. The activities of these compounds were checked on cane juice for its clarification.

BioMed Research International, 2015

The employment of radiopharmaceuticals is increasing nowadays for infection imaging and early exe... more The employment of radiopharmaceuticals is increasing nowadays for infection imaging and early execution of patients having infectious or inflammatory complaints. The main aim of this study was to discover a novel method for the labeling of ofloxacin withTc99m, optimization of labelling conditions to get higher percent yield, to assess kits radiochemical purity, in vitro stability, partition coefficient, protein binding, and intracellular accumulation inPseudomonas aeruginosa,Salmonella typhi, andEscherichia coliin infected rabbits. Maximum labeling efficiency was achieved when 1.5 mg ofloxacin was labeled with 10–20 mCi sodium pertechnetate in the presence of 3 mg D-penicillamine, 75 μg SnCl2. In vitro binding and biodistribution inPseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi,andEscherichia colishowed good results. This new complex is efficient for the imaging of infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2015

ABSTRACT Amoxicillin, a penicillin derivative was synthesized as ready-to-used single vial kit an... more ABSTRACT Amoxicillin, a penicillin derivative was synthesized as ready-to-used single vial kit and radiolabeled with technetium-99m. Various trials have been carried out to optimize the concentration of stannous chloride, amoxicillin, pH and reaction time. Radiochemical purity, in vitro and in vivo stability, partition co-efficient, protein binding and biodistribution in rabbit infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae were studied. The biodistribution studies in rabbit showed that 99mTcamoxicillin started to accumulate in the infected area at 1-h post administration. 99mTc-amoxicillin may prove itself as potential novel radiopharmaceutical for imaging infections caused by many bacteria.

Less toxicity factor makes sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate fit to be used in food industry ... more Less toxicity factor makes sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate fit to be used in food industry as preservatives. One hundred and fourteen local and imported brands of fruit juices, carbonated drinks, beverages, milk, sauces, spreadable fats, jams, jellies, marmalades, cheese and margarine containing sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate were analyzed by RP-HPLC. Various extraction procedures were employed to reduce matrix effect that interfere accurate determination of both preservatives. UV detection was performed at 227 nm for sodium benzoate and 250 nm for potassium sorbate at 1mL min-1 flow rate with acetonitrile as mobile phase. Sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate concentration in the products were in the range between 1.03 - 60.76 mg L-1 and 3.24 - 14.48 mg L-1 respectively. The percentage recovery was found to be 92.01±1.31 - 99.95±1.99 for sodium benzoic and 90.81±1.16 - 99.87±1.99 for potassium sorbate. The method detection limit (MDL) and method quantification limit (M...

Analytical Letters, 2014

ABSTRACT A simple and cost-effective method is described for the determination of aluminum by ele... more ABSTRACT A simple and cost-effective method is described for the determination of aluminum by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS) in serum of hemodialysis patients and healthy subjects. The only preparative step required is the dissolution of the serum sample in 0.2 % magnesium nitrate matrix modifier and separate diluents 0.01 M EDTA and 0.1 % Triton X-100. The calibration curve was linear from 20 to 100 μg/L with correlation coefficients of 0.9993 and 0.9998 for EDTA and Triton X-100, respectively. The sensitivity of the method for aluminum at the 309.3 nm line was 74 pg. The instrumental and method limits of detection were 2.2 μg/L and 4.4 μg/L, respectively. The aluminum concentrations of forty serum samples from hemodialysis patients and healthy subjects were determined and the mean values were 170.9 ± 6.8 μg/L and 47.3 ± 9.3 μg/L, respectively, while the permissible limit for aluminum in blood serum is 10 μg/L. The high level of Al in serum was related to oral phosphate binding agents and dialysis treatment. For full text download follow the link: http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/MMiPCKxGxEmHYk5M4tfJ/full

American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2014

AAS was qualified as per pharmacopoeia requirements. Copper, manganese, mercury and cadmium hallo... more AAS was qualified as per pharmacopoeia requirements. Copper, manganese, mercury and cadmium hallow cathode lamps were used for qualification purposes. Design qualification and installation qualification met the criteria of user requirements. Wavelength accuracy and reproducibility, resolution and baseline stability are in compliance with user requirements. Characteristics concentration or sensitivity, detection limit and characteristics mass were performed as a part of operational qualification which is 0.062 µg/mL, 0.00354 µg/mL, 1.41 pg respectively. Results of % RSD for precision study is 0.352 and 0.487 for flame and graphite furnace mode respectively fulfilled criteria of qualification. Performance qualification results of 20 consecutive days demonstrate the predetermined specification. Analytical instrument qualification and method validation relationship is also described by assay performed on haemodialysis concentrate. Good precision (<2%) and accuracy (95%-105%), coefficient of determination (R 2) greater than 0.9997 for potassium, magnesium and calcium linear curves, lower detection limits for all three ingredients and robust assay data as a part of validation studies conform the qualified AAS for its intended application.

Molecules

A targeted delivery system is primarily intended to carry a potent anticancer drug to specific tu... more A targeted delivery system is primarily intended to carry a potent anticancer drug to specific tumor sites within the bodily tissues. In the present study, a carrier system has been designed using folic acid (FA), bis-amine polyethylene glycol (PEG), and an anticancer drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). FA and PEG were joined via an amide bond, and the resulting FA-PEG-NH2 was coupled to 5-FU producing folate-polyethylene glycol conjugated 5-fluorouracil (FA-PEG-5-FU). Spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, 1HNMR, FTIR, and HPLC) were used for the characterization of products. Prodrug (FA-PEG-5-FU) was analyzed for drug release profile (in vitro) up to 10 days and compared to a standard anticancer drug (5-FU). Folate conjugate was also analyzed to study its folate receptors (FR) mediated transport and in vitro cytotoxicity assays using HeLa cancer cells/Vero cells, respectively, and antitumor activity in tumor-bearing mice models. Folate conjugate showed steady drug release patterns and improve...

HPLC method was validated for quantification of citric, lactic and malic acids chromatographic se... more HPLC method was validated for quantification of citric, lactic and malic acids chromatographic separation was performed at 40°C by using mobile phase comprised a mixture (90:10) of potassium phosphate monobasic (50mM) and acetonitrile and pH was adjusted to 2.8 with ortho phosphori A pore size reverse phase column (250mm◊4.6mm) at λ=210 nm using UV with 1.25ml/min flow rate. ICH guidelines were adopted to perform the validation studies that the anal ytical method's characteristics are reliable t hroughout the time during analysis. Validation para meters showed efficiency and adequate linearity with correlation coefficient (r 2 ) 0.9997, 0.9998 and 0.9997 g/ml lactic acid and malic acid respectively. The repeatability a nd intermediate precision (%RSD<2) indicated the method reproducibility. The limits of detection (LOD) 1.93 μ g/ml and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 6.4 6 μg/ml, 0.34 μg/ml and 0.68 μg/ml for citric acid, lactic acid Recovery ± SD for citric, lactic an...

Radio-labeled antibiotics are being employed for the particular diagnosis of infections utilizing... more Radio-labeled antibiotics are being employed for the particular diagnosis of infections utilizing their specific binding properties to the bacterial components. Stable freeze dried kits of ciprofloxacin is developed through simple stirring at room temperature and labeled with Tc after incubation at 35°C.Kits produced through this method showed high stability both at room temperature and in serum at 37oC. The radiochemical purity of the complex was 99.6% when 1.0 mg ciprofloxacin in the presence of 100.0 μg SnCl2, 2.0 mg gentistic acid, 3.0 mg penicillamine and 20.0 mg d-mannitol was labeled by 10-20 mCi sodium pertechnetate. Serum protein binding, lipophilicity, in-vitro binding with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli as well as in-vivo biodistribution in infected rabbits were also investigated. Biodistribution results exhibited that radio ligand had good affinity in the infected site in rabbit. The uptake for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and E...

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2017

The study was designed to evaluate the phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant and antimicro... more The study was designed to evaluate the phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum), mint (Mentha spicata), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), oak (Quercus), aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller), and ginger (Zingiber officinale). All extracts showed a wide range of total phenolic contents, that is, 4.96 to 98.37 mg/100 g gallic acid equivalents, and total flavonoid contents, that is, 0.41 to 17.64 mg/100 g catechin equivalents. Antioxidant activity (AA) was determined by measuring reducing power, inhibition of peroxidation using linoleic acid system, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity. Different extracts inhibited oxidation of linoleic acid by 16.6-84.2% while DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC 50 values) ranged from 17.8% to 79.1 g/mL. Reducing power at 10 mg/mL extract concentration ranged from 0.11 to 0.84 nm. Furthermore the extracts of these medicinal herbs in 80% methanol, 80% ethanol, 80% acetone, and 100% water were screened for antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method against selected bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Pasteurella multocida, and fungal strains, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus solani, and Alternaria alternata. The extracts show better antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains as compared to fungal strains. Results of various assays were analyzed statistically by applying appropriate statistical methods.

Journal of AOAC International, 2011

Three methods are presented for the simultaneous determination of diloxanide furoate (DLX) and me... more Three methods are presented for the simultaneous determination of diloxanide furoate (DLX) and metronidazole (MTR), used for their antiprotozoal and antiamoebic effect, in the presence of DLX alkaline degradates and in pharmaceutical formulations, without previous separation. The first method is chemometric-assisted spectrophotometry, in which principal component regression and partial least squares were applied. These two approaches were successfully applied to quantify each drug in the mixture using the information included in the absorption spectra in the range of 225-320 nm. The second method is TLC-densitometry, in which the binary mixture and degradates were separated on silica gel plates using a chloroform-acetoneglacial acetic acid (9.5 + 0.5 + 0.07, v/v/v) mobile phase and the bands were scanned at 254 nm. The last method is HPLC, in which DLX, MTR, and degradates were separated using the mobile phase acetonitrile-0.05 M dibasic potassium phosphate (25 + 75, v/v), adjusted to pH 4 with orthophosphoric acid, at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, on a C18 analytical column. Detection was at 254 nm. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the analysis of DLX and MTR in pharmaceutical formulations, and the results were statistically compared with a reported spectrophotometric method.

Journal- Chemical Society of Pakistan

Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium... more Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The employment of radiopharmaceuticals is increasing nowadays for infection imaging and early execution of patients having infectious or inflammatory complaints. The main aim of this study was to discover a novel method for the labeling of ofloxacin with 99mTc, optimization of labelling conditions to get higher percent yield, to assess kits radiochemical purity, in vitro stability, partition coefficient, protein binding, and intracellular accumulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli in infected rabbits. Maximum labeling efficiency was achieved when 1.5mg ofloxacin was labeled with 10–20mCi sodium pertechnetate in the presence of 3mg D-penicillamine, 75

British Journal of Surgery, 2021

Aim The aim of this study to assess the surgical presentation and outcome for bullous lung diseas... more Aim The aim of this study to assess the surgical presentation and outcome for bullous lung disease in Sudanese patients. Method A cross sectional hospital based descriptive retrospective study. Procedures were conducted at Al-Shaab Teaching Hospital Sudan during the period from November 2009 to September 2012. Results 11 patients had lung bullae in the given period. Smoking does not play an important role in the development of bullae in healthy young adults in our patients. Vanishing Lung syndrome (VLS) was seen in 18% of patients without history of smoking. The patients presenting in the fifth decade of life constituted (36.3%) of total number. symptoms of presentation were chest pain and SOB and half of them (45.5%) had exertional dyspnoea. The duration of symptoms before presentation was more than 2 months. Asthma was the only respiratory disease associated seen in 45%. HBV and HTN were the most associated diseases seen in 27% and 18% respectively without significant findings in ...

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2017

Economic development and growth of a nation depends mainly on the energy sector, which is a drivi... more Economic development and growth of a nation depends mainly on the energy sector, which is a driving force for the progress of a country. The increasing energy needs and its fulfillment through conventional and renewable resources is a great challenge [1]. Pakistan is under severe energy crises and depends on imports of fuels in order to meet needs, but still we are facing a huge load-shedding. Industries have been ruined due to this situation, i.e., many textile mills are closed. We are mainly using conventional fossil fuels for energy generation, i.e., 50.4% of natural gas, 29% oil, 11% hydro power, and about 7.6% coal, and it has been recognized globally that their consumption has raised many environmental issues. In Pakistan energy plays a vital role in strategic planning sectors, and various concerns such as prices of energy, climate change, and population growth has led us toward

Food Analytical Methods, 2016

Inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry method for determination of macroelement... more Inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry method for determination of macroelements (Ca, Mg, K, P, Na), trace elements (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn), non-essential element (Al), and toxic heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb) in fresh milk (n = 24) and pasteurized milk (n = 15) was optimized and validated. Analytical lines with low matrix affects and free from spectral interferences were selected for optimization and validation studies. Accuracy and precision were performed on certified milk samples and percent relative standard deviation (%RSD), and recovery results are in compliance with FDA guidelines for inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) methods for elemental composition in food stuffs. Significantly higher concentration of Al was found in both types of milk samples as compared with recommended standard for milk. No significant difference was found between the concentration of Pb and Cd in both samples. A strong positive correlation was found between Cu-Fe and Al-P. Correlations between other elements within each of analyzed samples were also found. The results indicate that particular attention should be paid to Al and Pb residues to control and confirm the absence of possible toxicological risks.

Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2015

Gemifloxacin, a novel, 4th generation fluoroquinolone derivative, was labeled with 99m Tc; its fr... more Gemifloxacin, a novel, 4th generation fluoroquinolone derivative, was labeled with 99m Tc; its freeze dried kits were prepared and used for infection imaging. Kits showed great stability with higher labeling efficiency. Kits were synthesized through a simple method; developed at room temperature without HCl and heating with low colloidal content. Reaction conditions were optimized in order to get maximum radiochemical purity. Highest labeling efficiency (99 ± 0.05)% was achieved when 1.0 mg gemifloxacin was labeled with 10 mCi sodium pertechnetate in the presence of 50 lg SnCl 2 and 300 lg D-penicillamine at room temperature. Radiolabeled antibiotic kits were preclinically assessed such as in-vitro stability, lipophilicity, protein binding, in-vitro binding with bacterial strains and pharmacokinetic investigations in animals. Kits were found highly stable for 6 h both at room temperature and at 37°C in serum. Biodistribution showed excellent uptake of activity at infection site (in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae). Biodistribution data showed that 99m Tc-gemifloxacin has the potential and may be used for infection imaging.

LATIN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

ABSTRACT

Quaternary ammonium compounds were derived from tallow and coconut oil. Amides were prepared by r... more Quaternary ammonium compounds were derived from tallow and coconut oil. Amides were prepared by reacting the coconut oil and tallow with amines (triethylamine and trimethylamine). Then by reaction of amide with alkyl halide (1-bromo butane, 1-chlorobutane and iodoethane) compounds were prepared. The purity of these compounds was checked by chemical analysis and IR spectrometry. The activities of these compounds were checked on cane juice for its clarification.

BioMed Research International, 2015

The employment of radiopharmaceuticals is increasing nowadays for infection imaging and early exe... more The employment of radiopharmaceuticals is increasing nowadays for infection imaging and early execution of patients having infectious or inflammatory complaints. The main aim of this study was to discover a novel method for the labeling of ofloxacin withTc99m, optimization of labelling conditions to get higher percent yield, to assess kits radiochemical purity, in vitro stability, partition coefficient, protein binding, and intracellular accumulation inPseudomonas aeruginosa,Salmonella typhi, andEscherichia coliin infected rabbits. Maximum labeling efficiency was achieved when 1.5 mg ofloxacin was labeled with 10–20 mCi sodium pertechnetate in the presence of 3 mg D-penicillamine, 75 μg SnCl2. In vitro binding and biodistribution inPseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi,andEscherichia colishowed good results. This new complex is efficient for the imaging of infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2015

ABSTRACT Amoxicillin, a penicillin derivative was synthesized as ready-to-used single vial kit an... more ABSTRACT Amoxicillin, a penicillin derivative was synthesized as ready-to-used single vial kit and radiolabeled with technetium-99m. Various trials have been carried out to optimize the concentration of stannous chloride, amoxicillin, pH and reaction time. Radiochemical purity, in vitro and in vivo stability, partition co-efficient, protein binding and biodistribution in rabbit infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae were studied. The biodistribution studies in rabbit showed that 99mTcamoxicillin started to accumulate in the infected area at 1-h post administration. 99mTc-amoxicillin may prove itself as potential novel radiopharmaceutical for imaging infections caused by many bacteria.

Less toxicity factor makes sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate fit to be used in food industry ... more Less toxicity factor makes sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate fit to be used in food industry as preservatives. One hundred and fourteen local and imported brands of fruit juices, carbonated drinks, beverages, milk, sauces, spreadable fats, jams, jellies, marmalades, cheese and margarine containing sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate were analyzed by RP-HPLC. Various extraction procedures were employed to reduce matrix effect that interfere accurate determination of both preservatives. UV detection was performed at 227 nm for sodium benzoate and 250 nm for potassium sorbate at 1mL min-1 flow rate with acetonitrile as mobile phase. Sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate concentration in the products were in the range between 1.03 - 60.76 mg L-1 and 3.24 - 14.48 mg L-1 respectively. The percentage recovery was found to be 92.01±1.31 - 99.95±1.99 for sodium benzoic and 90.81±1.16 - 99.87±1.99 for potassium sorbate. The method detection limit (MDL) and method quantification limit (M...

Analytical Letters, 2014

ABSTRACT A simple and cost-effective method is described for the determination of aluminum by ele... more ABSTRACT A simple and cost-effective method is described for the determination of aluminum by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS) in serum of hemodialysis patients and healthy subjects. The only preparative step required is the dissolution of the serum sample in 0.2 % magnesium nitrate matrix modifier and separate diluents 0.01 M EDTA and 0.1 % Triton X-100. The calibration curve was linear from 20 to 100 μg/L with correlation coefficients of 0.9993 and 0.9998 for EDTA and Triton X-100, respectively. The sensitivity of the method for aluminum at the 309.3 nm line was 74 pg. The instrumental and method limits of detection were 2.2 μg/L and 4.4 μg/L, respectively. The aluminum concentrations of forty serum samples from hemodialysis patients and healthy subjects were determined and the mean values were 170.9 ± 6.8 μg/L and 47.3 ± 9.3 μg/L, respectively, while the permissible limit for aluminum in blood serum is 10 μg/L. The high level of Al in serum was related to oral phosphate binding agents and dialysis treatment. For full text download follow the link: http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/MMiPCKxGxEmHYk5M4tfJ/full

American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2014

AAS was qualified as per pharmacopoeia requirements. Copper, manganese, mercury and cadmium hallo... more AAS was qualified as per pharmacopoeia requirements. Copper, manganese, mercury and cadmium hallow cathode lamps were used for qualification purposes. Design qualification and installation qualification met the criteria of user requirements. Wavelength accuracy and reproducibility, resolution and baseline stability are in compliance with user requirements. Characteristics concentration or sensitivity, detection limit and characteristics mass were performed as a part of operational qualification which is 0.062 µg/mL, 0.00354 µg/mL, 1.41 pg respectively. Results of % RSD for precision study is 0.352 and 0.487 for flame and graphite furnace mode respectively fulfilled criteria of qualification. Performance qualification results of 20 consecutive days demonstrate the predetermined specification. Analytical instrument qualification and method validation relationship is also described by assay performed on haemodialysis concentrate. Good precision (<2%) and accuracy (95%-105%), coefficient of determination (R 2) greater than 0.9997 for potassium, magnesium and calcium linear curves, lower detection limits for all three ingredients and robust assay data as a part of validation studies conform the qualified AAS for its intended application.

Molecules

A targeted delivery system is primarily intended to carry a potent anticancer drug to specific tu... more A targeted delivery system is primarily intended to carry a potent anticancer drug to specific tumor sites within the bodily tissues. In the present study, a carrier system has been designed using folic acid (FA), bis-amine polyethylene glycol (PEG), and an anticancer drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). FA and PEG were joined via an amide bond, and the resulting FA-PEG-NH2 was coupled to 5-FU producing folate-polyethylene glycol conjugated 5-fluorouracil (FA-PEG-5-FU). Spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, 1HNMR, FTIR, and HPLC) were used for the characterization of products. Prodrug (FA-PEG-5-FU) was analyzed for drug release profile (in vitro) up to 10 days and compared to a standard anticancer drug (5-FU). Folate conjugate was also analyzed to study its folate receptors (FR) mediated transport and in vitro cytotoxicity assays using HeLa cancer cells/Vero cells, respectively, and antitumor activity in tumor-bearing mice models. Folate conjugate showed steady drug release patterns and improve...

HPLC method was validated for quantification of citric, lactic and malic acids chromatographic se... more HPLC method was validated for quantification of citric, lactic and malic acids chromatographic separation was performed at 40°C by using mobile phase comprised a mixture (90:10) of potassium phosphate monobasic (50mM) and acetonitrile and pH was adjusted to 2.8 with ortho phosphori A pore size reverse phase column (250mm◊4.6mm) at λ=210 nm using UV with 1.25ml/min flow rate. ICH guidelines were adopted to perform the validation studies that the anal ytical method's characteristics are reliable t hroughout the time during analysis. Validation para meters showed efficiency and adequate linearity with correlation coefficient (r 2 ) 0.9997, 0.9998 and 0.9997 g/ml lactic acid and malic acid respectively. The repeatability a nd intermediate precision (%RSD<2) indicated the method reproducibility. The limits of detection (LOD) 1.93 μ g/ml and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 6.4 6 μg/ml, 0.34 μg/ml and 0.68 μg/ml for citric acid, lactic acid Recovery ± SD for citric, lactic an...

Radio-labeled antibiotics are being employed for the particular diagnosis of infections utilizing... more Radio-labeled antibiotics are being employed for the particular diagnosis of infections utilizing their specific binding properties to the bacterial components. Stable freeze dried kits of ciprofloxacin is developed through simple stirring at room temperature and labeled with Tc after incubation at 35°C.Kits produced through this method showed high stability both at room temperature and in serum at 37oC. The radiochemical purity of the complex was 99.6% when 1.0 mg ciprofloxacin in the presence of 100.0 μg SnCl2, 2.0 mg gentistic acid, 3.0 mg penicillamine and 20.0 mg d-mannitol was labeled by 10-20 mCi sodium pertechnetate. Serum protein binding, lipophilicity, in-vitro binding with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli as well as in-vivo biodistribution in infected rabbits were also investigated. Biodistribution results exhibited that radio ligand had good affinity in the infected site in rabbit. The uptake for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and E...