Jamilu Garba | University Putra Malaysia (original) (raw)

Papers by Jamilu Garba

Nigerian Journal of Soil Science, 2019

Infiltration study is very crucial in modelling water requirement of crops during their growth se... more Infiltration study is very crucial in modelling water requirement of crops during their growth season. Infiltration rate measurements were carried out on dryland areas of Sokoto, Sudan savanna ecological zone of Nigeria; using the double ring infiltrometer. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were used to determine some physical characteristics (Texture, Saturated hydraulic Conductivity, particle density, bulk density, porosity and organic matter) of the soil. The results showed that the cumulative infiltration predicted by Horton infiltration model was very close to the field measurements for all the spots from the average values (3.35, 2.83 and 1.71 cm/min) and predicted rates (2.37,2.34 and 1.54 cm/min) with coefficient of determination (R2) close to unity (0.98, 0.97, 0.97) for the three spots. The study showed that the Horton infiltration model can be applied to estimate infiltration characteristics of some soils in Sudan Savanna of Nigeria.

The study aimed to determine the effect of long-term cultivation and soil organic matter (SOM) co... more The study aimed to determine the effect of long-term cultivation and soil organic matter (SOM) content on the particle density (Pd) and other physical properties of an Entisols in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teachings and Research farm.. Soil samples were taken from six different spots (A, B, C, D, E, and F) at the depth of 0-15 and 15-30 cm. The field experiment was laid in RCB design and replicated three times each at a depth, totalling 36 samples. Purposive random sampling was used at 50 m intervals from one spot to another. The results show that interaction between sampling spots and sampling depths of the soil was significant (p<0.05) in terms of total porosity (TP), SOM content, bulk density (Bd), and Pd. Averagely, there was a significant (p<0.05) difference between 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm in terms of TP, Bd, and SOM content with the higher values of TP and OM observed in the 0-15 cm depth. The results show that spots near the shelterbelt (C and E) had higher OM, TP, and lower Bd and Pd. In terms of the textural class, differences were also observed among the sampling spots with C and E having sandy loam while the remaining spots had sand texture. Pd was higher in lower OM spots (A, B, D, F). The study revealed that whenever the standard Pd value (2.65 Mg m-3) was used to calculate TP of the soil, particularly spot C and E, it is being overestimated by 2-3%. It is therefore recommended that OM and crop residues should be incorporated and returned immediately after harvesting to help improve the soil properties. When soil is rich in OM, it is recommended that constant value (2.65 Mg m-3) should not be used to calculate its porosity, but rather the actual (measured) Pd of the soil.

Nutrient mining is one of the major threats facing food production in Africa, and inputs of nutri... more Nutrient mining is one of the major threats facing food production in Africa, and inputs of nutrients are required to overcome this constraint. Field study was conducted in the experimental field of Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, SamaruZaria in the year 2009 and 2010 to evaluate the effect of neem seed cake (NSC) and NPK fertilizer on nutrition of sorghum. Treatments consisted of 4 levels of NSC (0, 1, 2 and 4tons ha) and 4 levels of NPK fertilizer (0, 1⁄4, 1⁄2 and full of recommended fertilizer rate of 64-32-32 for sorghum). All the sixteen treatments were laid down in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates using factorial concept. Sorghum seeds were planted two weeks after incorporation of NSC as appropriate and left for 3 weeks during which thinning and first doses of N was applied. After harvest, grain and stover yields, crude protein and tannin contents in grain were determined. Result obtained shows no significant grain and...

This paper examines a new trend in rural community development in Cameroon using the Grassfield R... more This paper examines a new trend in rural community development in Cameroon using the Grassfield Rural Development Project, to highlight the challenges of the participatory approach in an African context. There is an ongoing debate about the future of the rural sector in developing countries, centred on implementation of participatory projects to alleviate poverty and deteriorating rural living conditions. Using data from project documents and evaluations, participant observation and interviews with key stakeholders, this paper examines project outcomes achieved in the priority communities that underwent the new policy implemented between 2004 and 2010. The project provides a new approach to engage the state and local government stakeholders in strategic decisions on long-term rural development. Achievements are evident in community infrastructure (classrooms, halls, feeder roads, improved water schemes, slaughter slabs, rural radio), and also in social capital and enhanced leadership. However, challenges remain in the implementation of participatory projects; and dependence on external sources of funding community projects persist, due to hash economic constraints and long-term neglect in providing rural areas with quality services.

A study was conducted to assess smallholder farmers' perceptions and degree of adoption of Tithon... more A study was conducted to assess smallholder farmers' perceptions and degree of adoption of Tithonia diversifolia chimato compost among the smallholder farmers in Ming'ongo Extension Planning Areas in Lilongwe. Primary data regarding smallholder farmers' knowledge, perception and adoptions levels on making and using T. diversifolia chimato compost were collected through a questionnaire interview with household heads and their spouses. Descriptive and inferential statistics as well as regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Results indicated that 87% of the smallholder farmers have limited knowledge of T. diversifolia potential in improving soil fertility whereas 92% lacked knowledge of recommended blending composition of nitrogen rich and nitrogen poor organic natural resources. The results further indicated that adoption of making and supplementing T. diversifolia composts positively correlated with good education of household heads (P=0.12, ɑ=0.001), low vulnerability levels of households (P=0.207, ɑ=0.001), larger household size and labour force (P=0.47, ɑ=0.001), knowledge of nutrient richness of T. diversifolia (P=0.01, 0.001) and available extension services in the area (P=0.27, ɑ=0.05). A strong negative correlation was observed between households' decisions to make and use composts and double poor education levels of household heads (P=0.12, ɑ=0.001), high vulnerability levels of households (P=0.207, ɑ=0.001), low household labour force (P=0.47, ɑ=0.001), lack of knowledge of richness of T. diversifolia (P=0.01, 0.001) and inadequate extension services in the area (P=0.27, ɑ=0.05). Smallholder farmers should be sensitised on benefits of T. diversifolia chimato composts in soil enrichment.

Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2012

International journal of scientific research in science, engineering and technology, 2018

The use of municipal wastewater for watering purposes is an essential way to utilize it nutrients... more The use of municipal wastewater for watering purposes is an essential way to utilize it nutrients. Laboratory experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design using sand medium with municipal wastewater and MR219 rice seed with the aim to assess the suitability of municipal wastewater (treated and untreated) at different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100%) on seed germination and seedling performance. Significant (p 50%). The concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn were high in untreated municipal wastewater compare to treated municipal wastewater. Seeds imbibed with untreated municipal wastewater have high seed germination and seedling performance compare to treated municipal wastewater. Inhibitory effect on chlorophyll content was observed at >50% concentration of both untreated and treated municipal wastewater while promoting effects were observed at lower (<25%) concentration. Positive and significant correlation was indicated between param...

Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, 2017

Decomposition of agricultural waste liberates organically-bound nutrient to inorganic form f... more Decomposition of agricultural waste liberates organically-bound nutrient to inorganic form for increased soil fertility and crop productivity. The present investigation delineates carbon and phosphorus mineralization from sandy and clay soils of Peninsular Malaysia amended with cow dung or rice husk ash. Laboratory incubation was conducted for 60 days and a replicate sample of the either soils were incorporated with cow dung or rice husk ash at equivalent rate of 10 t ha -1 under dark condition at 23 o C temperature and field capacity moisture content. The samples containing neither cow dung nor rice husk ash from both soils were included as controls. At fixed intervals, the amount of carbon and phosphorus mineralized from both treatments was determined using standard analytical methods. Temporal increase in carbon mineralization was observed in both the control and amended soils. Sandy soil amended with cow dung or rice husk ash had higher carbon evolution than control while t...

International journal of scientific research in science, engineering and technology, 2018

The present study investigates adsorption–desorption of aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA)—a resid... more The present study investigates adsorption–desorption of aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA)—a residue of glyphosate herbicide—by sandy soil added with cow dung or rice husk ash. Adsorption study was conducted using different concentrations of AMPA in 0.01 M CaCl2. Desorption study followed immediately by adding 0.01 M CaCl2 solution without any AMPA. The concentration of AMPA in both studies was analysed using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a fluorescent detector. The result revealed an increase in adsorptive removal of AMPA from the soil due to the addition of cow dung or rice husk. The isotherm data of AMPA adsorption by control and amended soils best fitted the Freundlich model (r2 ≥ 0.701). The Freundlich’s constant (KF) for AMPA was highest in the soil + rice husk ash (7.268 mg g−1), followed by cow dung amended soil (5.692 mg g−1) and then control (4.906 mg g−1). The 1/n coefficient for AMPA in both soils was >1, indicating cooperative adsorption. However...

This work presents a simple procedure for pre-column derivatization of glyphosate and aminomethyl... more This work presents a simple procedure for pre-column derivatization of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and their determination by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Derivatization was achieved by mixing a solution of 0.02 M FMOC-Cl, 0.05 M borate buffer and glyphosate or AMPA, then shaken for 1 hour, later washed with diethyl ether and ready for analysis. The quantification was performed by HPLC with fluorescent (FLD) or diode array detector (DAD). The result of the HPLC-FLD/DAD showed high linearity (R 2 ≥ 0.995) of both compounds over eight point’s concentration range and their high recovery from water compared to soil matrixes. The relative standard deviation (RSD) range from 0.1 to 30 % from the aforementioned matrixes. The limit of detection of HPLC-FLD for glyphosate from water, sandy and clay soil was 0.008 mg L -1 , 0.021 and 0.132 mg kg -1 respectively while that of AMPA was 0.004 mg L -1 , 0.74 and 0.224 mg kg -1 . Meanwhile, the limit of dete...

Scientific Reports

Glyphosate (GLY) is a major herbicide used throughout the world, and its continuous application h... more Glyphosate (GLY) is a major herbicide used throughout the world, and its continuous application has become an environmental issue. Adsorption is an important mechanism for removing organic contaminant in water. The present study characterized cow dung (CD) and rice husk ash (RHA), and determined the adsorption-desorption of GLY and its metabolite, aminomethylphoshonic acid (AMPA), on to them. The results revealed that both CD and RHA were alkaline and had no or low content of arsenic, cadmium, chromium and lead. The CD had lower surface area (13.104 mg2g−1) than RHA (21.500 m2g−1). The CD contained amines, phenol, ethers and carboxylic functional groups, while in addition to carboxylic and ether, RHA contains siloxane. Both CD and RHA had high affinities for GLY and AMPA. The Freundlich sorption coefficient (Kf) on AMPA were 2.915 and 2.660 for CD and RHA, respectively, while the values on GLY were 1.168 and 1.166 (mg g−1) for CD and RHA, respectively. Desorption of GLY only occurre...

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

This study investigates adsorption-desorption and the leaching potential of glyphosate and aminom... more This study investigates adsorption-desorption and the leaching potential of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in control and amended-addition of cow dung or rice husk ash-acidic Malaysian soil with high oxide mineral content. The addition of cow dung or rice husk ash increased the adsorptive removal of AMPA. The isotherm data of glyphosate and AMPA best fitted the Freundlich model. The constant K for glyphosate was high in the control soil (544.873 mg g) followed by soil with cow dung (482.451 mg g) then soil with rice husk ash (418.539 mg g). However, for AMPA, soil with cow dung was high (166.636 mg g) followed by soil with rice husk ash (137.570 mg g) then the control soil (48.446 mg g). The 1/n values for both glyphosate and AMPA adsorptions were &amp;lt; 1 indicating their strong affinity for adsorbents. Desorption of both glyphosate and AMPA occurred only in the control soil. The compounds were not detected in soils with added cow dung or rice husk ash. The addition of cow dung or rice husk ash increased glyphosate mobility. However, ground water ubiquity scores for both control and amended soils were &amp;lt; 2.8. This indicated glyphosate is a transitional herbicide; therefore, its leaching potential in the soil is low, despite the addition of cow dung or rice husk ash. Addition of these wastes decreased the mobility and leaching potential of AMPA. The addition of cow dung or rice husk ash could be beneficial in increasing adsorption and enhancing degradation of these compounds.

Nutrient mining is one of the major threats facing food production in Africa, and inputs of nutri... more Nutrient mining is one of the major threats facing food production in Africa, and inputs of nutrients are required to overcome this constraint. Field study was conducted in the experimental field of Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru-Zaria in the year 2009 and 2010 to evaluate the effect of neem seed cake (NSC) and NPK fertilizer on nutrition of sorghum. Treatments consisted of 4 levels of NSC (0, 1, 2 and 4tons ha-1) and 4 levels of NPK fertilizer (0, ¼, ½ and full of recommended fertilizer rate of 64-32-32 for sorghum). All the sixteen treatments were laid down in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates using factorial concept. Sorghum seeds were planted two weeks after incorporation of NSC as appropriate and left for 3 weeks during which thinning and first doses of N was applied. After harvest, grain and stover yields, crude protein and tannin contents in grain were determined. Result obtained shows no significant grain and stover yield irrespective of treatment in the two years combined study. Plants treated with 2 ton ha-1 + full fertilizer rates gave highest grain yield while 4 ton ha-1 + full fertilizer rates recorded the highest stover yield. There was no significant increase in grain crude protein and tannin contents (p< 0.05) when all of the treatments were compared with control.

Soil erosion is one of the challenges of Nigerian agriculture. The present study therefore aimed ... more Soil erosion is one of the challenges of Nigerian agriculture. The present study therefore aimed at surveying prevailing types of soil erosion in Central Senatorial District (Tsafe, Gusau, Bungudu and Maru Local Governments) of Zamfara State-Nigeria, their causes, effects and some measures adopted by farmers in soil and water conservation. Three district each from Gusau and Maru local governments were randomly selected and stratified random sampling technique was employed in selecting seven (7) villages from the districts of Gusau and nine (9) from that of Maru. Structured questionnaires were administered to 200 farmers and the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Result showed majority of the farmers sampled were having ages of ≥ 60 years with Qur'anic education and farm size of 1 to 5 ha mostly acquired by inheritance. Mixed cropping is widely practiced with rill erosion as the prevalent type having moderate severity on their farms detected through decline in productivity, occurrence of rills and gullies. Continuous and clean cultivation, topography, soil and rainfall characteristics were among the causes of erosion in the study area with damages to include loss of productive soil, silting, drifting and land fragmentation. The conservation practices including manure application, cover cropping, drainages, contour farming and minimum or zero tillage are being adopted by the farmers for sustainable crop production.

Soil degradation is increasingly regarded as a major constraint to food production in the tropics... more Soil degradation is increasingly regarded as a major constraint to food production in the tropics. This problem is primarily caused by soil erosion, which particularly damages the soil surfaces. It is therefore the objectives of this paper to study the types of erosion in Gusau area as well as its effects on selected soil properties including particles size distribution, soil organic carbon, N, pH, P, Na, Ca, Mg and K, and CEC among others. The paper also attempts to unveil some anti-erosion measures practiced by small holder farmers for conserving the soils in the study area. Results showed that sheet erosion type is the most prevalent in the study area, and that erosion has declining effects on the above soil properties especially in bare land than in cultivated soils. Different techniques including mulching, contour farming, cover cropping, terracing and strip cropping are being practiced by the farmers as soil and water conservation techniques for improved crop production.

This study aimed at investigating the different methods of preserving vegetable left over after m... more This study aimed at investigating the different methods of preserving vegetable left over after market hours among retailers of Bungudu local government area of Zamfara state-Nigeria. Out of the total number of markets in the local Government ten villages were randomly selected and in each of the village market, six vegetables sellers were choose at random and administered with the questionnaire making the total of sixty respondents. Result showed majority of the respondents were male and fall within the age range of 20-40 (64%), most of them acquired only Qur'anic education and spend ≤1-15 years in the business. Their source of vegetables is through wholesalers and majority of them (55%) used local basket in preserving their left over after market hours, this followed by spreading (20%), heaping (12%), sun drying (8%) and use of jute sacking (5%). The present study revealed that methods used by the vegetable retailers were traditional thus spoilage can still be high, due to. The government should therefore, enlighten the vegetables sellers on other methods like refrigeration, chilling, pickling, salting, freezing etc. which could be through radio, television, firm shows, poster and personal contact. More funds should be provided and good road network linking rural areas to market should be put in place to control loss incurred during transportation.

Low fertility level of soil is among the major constraints of crop production in Nigerian savanna... more Low fertility level of soil is among the major constraints of crop production in Nigerian savannah. Field trails were therefore conducted during 2008 and 2009 cropping seasons to evaluate the potentials of neem seed cake (NSC)-a residues obtained after oil extraction from the seed of neem tree (Azadiracta indica)-in combination with NPK fertilizers for sustained productivity of maize. Three levels (0, 2 and 4) tons ha-1 of NSC and that of NPK fertilizers (0, ¼ and ½ optimum fertilizer recommendation (OFR) for maize in Samaru-Zaria, Nigeria) were solely applied and in combination using randomized complete block design in 12m 2 plots with three replication. OFR (120:60:60 NPK) and recommended rate (NRR) for combined NSC and inorganic fertilizers (4:1) were included as checks. The plots were managed manually and monitored for growth parameters, at harvest yield parameters were measured, and plant and soil were sub-sampled for analysis. Result showed that combination of NSC and NPK significantly (p<0.005) increased maize number of leaves and sterm girth as well as leaf area and height (p<0.001). Significant increased (p<0.001) were also recorded on maize grains yield, stover yield total dry matter yield and relative yield increase also, maize harvest index was significantly (p<0.005) higher from the treated plots compared to control. No significant increase was found on maize N, P and K concentration however, N and P uptake from the treated plots were higher (p<0.005) than control. Result also showed no significant improvement on some selected soil properties after cropping nonetheless, NSC can still serve as good choice organic amendment. Combine application 4 tons ha-1 NSC + ¼ OFR was significantly higher in all the growth and yield parameters monitored and statistically similar with 2 tons ha-1 NSC + ¼ OFR except for stover yield therefore, application of 2 tons ha-1 NSC + ¼ OFR was recommended considering the economic level of the farmers and cost of inorganic fertilizers in the study area. Further research should also be conducted to explore the full potentials of NSC

Nigerian Journal of Soil Science, 2019

Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2012

International journal of scientific research in science, engineering and technology, 2018

Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, 2017

International journal of scientific research in science, engineering and technology, 2018

Scientific Reports

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

Nutrient mining is one of the major threats facing food production in Africa, and inputs of nutri... more Nutrient mining is one of the major threats facing food production in Africa, and inputs of nutrients are required to overcome this constraint. Field study was conducted in the experimental field of Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru-Zaria in the year 2009 and 2010 to evaluate the effect of neem seed cake (NSC) and NPK fertilizer on nutrition of sorghum. Treatments consisted of 4 levels of NSC (0, 1, 2 and 4tons ha-1) and 4 levels of NPK fertilizer (0, ¼, ½ and full of recommended fertilizer rate of 64-32-32 for sorghum). All the sixteen treatments were laid down in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates using factorial concept. Sorghum seeds were planted two weeks after incorporation of NSC as appropriate and left for 3 weeks during which thinning and first doses of N was applied. After harvest, grain and stover yields, crude protein and tannin contents in grain were determined. Result obtained shows no significant grain and stover yield irrespective of treatment in the two years combined study. Plants treated with 2 ton ha-1 + full fertilizer rates gave highest grain yield while 4 ton ha-1 + full fertilizer rates recorded the highest stover yield. There was no significant increase in grain crude protein and tannin contents (p< 0.05) when all of the treatments were compared with control.