Haifa Al-Buainain | Qatar University (original) (raw)

Papers by Haifa Al-Buainain

Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings Volume 2014 Issue 1, 2014

According to Graddol (2004) "The wor ld's language system is undergoing rapid change because of d... more According to Graddol (2004) "The wor ld's language system is undergoing rapid change because of demographic trends, new technolog y, and international communication. These changes will affect both written and spoken communication." The previous quotation reflects a linguistic realit y. It is impossible to deny the influence of technolog y and international communication, not onl y on language, but also on our dail y lives. The process of borrowing is one of the many ways in which technolog y and international communication affect language. S ome of the borrowed words have Arabic equivalents, while others do not. Never theless, most of these borrowed words are subject to phonological and mor phological changes. The main cause of the borrowing phenomenon may be that, as Baker stated, "translation activit y in the Arab Wor ld is still too slow when compared to the speed with which new terms are coined for new concepts in the West and the frequenc y of their usage once coined" (1987, 88). Many of the loanwords, some of which are Arabiz ed, are widel y used today in Qatari Arabic. Arabization invol ves the rendering of foreign terms into Arabic in its original linguistic form, af ter introducing minor phonetic and/or mor phological changes where necessar y. This method has received much opposition from language purists, who fear that the assimilation of foreign terms may change the identit y of Arabic and, if applied to excess, would even result in some form of a hybrid language. However, faced with the massive influx of new terms which need to be rendered into Arabic, even the purists have had to accept Arabiz ed terms which have found their way into the language and increasingl y gained acceptance, with or without academies' approval. (I brahim, 2006). Although linguistic borrowing is a universal phenomenon that has been noted historicall y and studied a lot , it is of interest to investigate this practice and its patterns in Qatari Arabic and to know to what extent the Qatari informants are able to know the meaning and the origin of some of the borrowed words in Qatari Arabic. Thus, the researcher collected one hundred of exotic foreign words which are Arabiz ed and used in Qatari dialect and will ask Qataris to identify the meaning and the origin of the borrowed words. The focus in this study will be on the abilit y of the Qatari informants to identify the meaning and the origin of the borrowed words in question.

Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings Volume 2018 Issue 4, 2018

Traitement Automatique des Langues, 2012

This article presents a new CHILDES CHAT coding scheme that recognises the grammaticality of pro ... more This article presents a new CHILDES CHAT coding scheme that recognises the grammaticality of pro drop for pro drop languages. The new scheme comprises a new set of Grammatical Relations tags to be used in addition to the tags that are part of the current CHAT system. The new set is explained with examination of child language from Arabic, which is a pro drop language, and data from French, which is not. We hope this will facilitate fuller natural language processing of pro drop languages in general within the CHILDES system. RÉSUMÉ. Cet article présente une nouvelle schéma de codage pour le système CHILDES CHAT, une schéma qui reconnaît la grammaticalité de pro drop pour les langues pro drop. Il comporte un nouvel ensemble de balises pour les relations grammaticales pour être utilisé en plus des balises qui sont partie du système de CHAT actuelle. Les nouvelles balises sont expliqué avec les données de la parole des enfants dans la langue arabe, qui est une langue pro drop, et aussi avec des données de français, ce qui n'est pas un tel langage. Nous espérons que cela facilitera un plus complet traitement du langage naturel des langues pro drop dans le système CHILDES.

International Journal of Education and Social Science (IJESS). Volume 8 Issue 4; , pp(26-47), 2021

There are various abstract units of linguistic performance that linguists hypothesized in order t... more There are various abstract units of linguistic performance that linguists hypothesized in order to describe the grammars of languages. These are segments, features, morphemes, words and syntactic categories. Yet, actual speech is not only characterized by these grammatical utterances but there are also ungrammatical utterances, incomplete sentences, restarts, stutterings, hesitations and errors (Boomer and Laver 1968). Therefore, human daily speech is far from being perfect; rather it is intermixed with irregularities and errors of various types. On the top of all the idiosyncrasies, utterances are distorted by spontaneous slips of the tongue. We all experience this phenomenon of slips of the tongue. Some of these mistakes are made because we are talking too fast or not paying attention as we think about something other than what we are talking about. According to (Pfau, 2009:1), in slips, two linguistic elements interact. "Two segments may change place in a sound exchange and two synonymous words may fuse into one in a blend". The purpose of this research is to explore slips of the tongue. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to collect and analyze a corpus of 500 utterances that involves Qatari Arabic (QA) tongue slips. This study, then, is an attempt to shed more light on this somehow neglected area of research in the Arab world and to offer further support to the argument for the psychological reality of some linguistic units on phonological, syntactic and lexical levels. In addition, the goal of this study is to present a full review of the phenomenon of speech errors, its definition, types, as well as some psychological and linguistic classifications about the occurring of them. Furthermore, it presents some of the famous models of speech errors production as defined by scholars via Qatari dialect.

Linguistic borrowing is a common, universal and intensively studied phenomenon. It is of interest... more Linguistic borrowing is a common, universal and intensively studied phenomenon. It is of interest to investigate this practice and its patterns in Qatari Arabic and to know to what extent the Qataris know the meaning and the origin of some borrowed words in Qatari Arabic. Thus, the researcher collected one hundred loanwords which are used in Qatari dialect and asked Qataris to identify the meaning and the origin of those words. The research sample comprised 240 Qataris equally divided according to gender. Then were separated into four age groups of females and four of males. The focus of this study is on the ability of the Qataris to identify the meaning and the origin of the borrowed words in question. In addition, the present paper investigates if there is any correlation between the dependent variables (gender, age and work/job) and knowledge of meaning and knowledge of origin.

THE ARAB WORLD GEOGRAPHER LE GÉOGRAPHE DU MONDE ARABE , 2017

Keywords: loanwords, Qatari Arabic, Arabic language and Qatari dialect, loanwords meaning and origin

Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings: Vol. 1, Nov 13, 2014

According to Graddol (2004) "The world's language system is undergoing rapid change because of de... more According to Graddol (2004) "The world's language system is undergoing rapid change because of demographic trends, new technology, and international communication. These changes will affect both written and spoken communication." The previous quotation reflects a linguistic reality. It is impossible to deny the influence of technology and international communication, not only on language, but also on our daily lives. The process of borrowing is one of the many ways in which technology and international communication affect language. Some of the borrowed words have Arabic equivalents, while others do not. Nevertheless, most of these borrowed words are subject to phonological and morphological changes. The main cause of the borrowing phenomenon may be that, as Baker stated, "translation activity in the Arab World is still too slow when compared to the speed with which new terms are coined for new concepts in the West and the frequency of their usage once coined" (1987, 88). Many of the loanwords, some of which are Arabized, are widely used today in Qatari Arabic. Arabization involves the rendering of foreign terms into Arabic in its original linguistic form, after introducing minor phonetic and/or morphological changes where necessary. This method has received much opposition from language purists, who fear that the assimilation of foreign terms may change the identity of Arabic and, if applied to excess, would even result in some form of a hybrid language. However, faced with the massive influx of new terms which need to be rendered into Arabic, even the purists have had to accept Arabized terms which have found their way into the language and increasingly gained acceptance, with or without academies' approval. (Ibrahim, 2006). Although linguistic borrowing is a universal phenomenon that has been noted historically and studied a lot , it is of interest to investigate this practice and its patterns in Qatari Arabic and to know to what extent the Qatari informants are able to know the meaning and the origin of some of the borrowed words in Qatari Arabic. Thus, the researcher collected one hundred of exotic foreign words which are Arabized and used in Qatari dialect and will ask Qataris to identify the meaning and the origin of the borrowed words. The focus in this study will be on the ability of the Qatari informants to identify the meaning and the origin of the borrowed words in question. Objectives:  Identify some borrowed words used in the Qatari dialect.  Identify the origin of the borrowed words.  Identify the types of borrowed words.  measure the knowledge of the sample to know the meaning of the borrowed words.  measure the ability of the sample to determine the origin of the borrowed words.

Centre at Qatar University in 2004. A questionnaire was designed to elicit such information. It c... more Centre at Qatar University in 2004. A questionnaire was designed to elicit such information. It comprises three parts: 1) demographic information, 2) perceived needs of English in the workplace, 3) the actual use of the different English language skills in the workplace. The sample consists of 644 employees who finished their education at Qatar Universit. In this paper the emphasis is on the interaction between perceived needs and actual use of English by the graduates. The results showed that English is used extensively in civil surface in all its skills. It is also evident that these skills correlate with each other. In addition, English is used at a high frequency. Implications for future research and Pedagogical Implications are also addressed.

This paper summarizes a study carried by the Documentation and Humanities Research Centre at Qata... more This paper summarizes a study carried by the Documentation and Humanities Research Centre at Qatar University in 2004. It is a field study of the perceived needs and actual uses of English in the workplace by graduates of the university in different fields. A questionnaire was designed to elicit such information.

Qatar Foundation …, 2011

This presentation discusses the collection of Qatari child speech data. For a large project, we a... more This presentation discusses the collection of Qatari child speech data. For a large project, we are obtaining audio recordings of 1/2-hour spontaneous Arabic speech produced by 140 Qatari monolingual children in natural settings (e.g. home and preschools). Fieldworkers produce digital files of the child speech recordings, and text file transcripts of the recordings. Our data are being analysed and coded in the CHILDES format.

Jihrl a! i tlr+ylg L-JbiJl A+{JJ JLibyl .-rl ,.,i(l J-fJ"J a+fr+. i*,11, o;3.jS.l (;i.rs,-J.Jl J.... more Jihrl a! i tlr+ylg L-JbiJl A+{JJ JLibyl .-rl ,.,i(l J-fJ"J a+fr+. i*,11, o;3.jS.l (;i.rs,-J.Jl J..ii ailtr+r cl3;a olit,,. t t1, g.l*t+::tt ."r9t il,.,1 Jhi a*.h .-rtollg OS*iJtg fgld A+rrls,.iiJl iJ3.Jl ;IL++ ii-s,l t rt cr,lLi ol-r-giJ ,-..a,.ail .-rtuYt ..1t-s-a Si Y. . A plrJ J

Asiatic journal, 4 (2), 2010

This study discusses the type and frequency of language learning strategies used by Qatar Univers... more This study discusses the type and frequency of language learning strategies used by Qatar University English majors. The subjects were 120 Arabs enrolled in the Department of Foreign Languages representing different learning levels (Year 1-4). Oxford (1990a: 293-300) Strategies Inventory of Language Learning (SILL) questionnaire was used. The results showed that the students used learning strategies with high to medium frequency. They preferred to use metacognitive strategies most (75.3%), whereas they showed the least use of affective strategies (58.6%). In general, the results indicate that Level and Proficiency have differences on the use of some strategies. The differences, however, are insignificant. The article concludes by recommending that more training should be given in using all strategies by embedding them into regular classroom activities.

International on-line …, 2010

English is widely used in different sectors in Qatar. The need for English is clear. However, the... more English is widely used in different sectors in Qatar. The need for English is clear. However, there is no large scale information on the degree and range this need and actual use of English in the workplace in the State of Qatar. In addition, there are no studies, to our knowledge, that investigate this problem in relation to the graduates of the university of Qatar. This paper intends to fill in this gap. It summarizes a field study of the perceived needs of English in workplace by graduates of Qatar University in different fields carried by the Documentation and Humanities Research Centre in 2004. A questionnaire was designed to elicit such information. The sample was randomly selected from different state and private institutions. The data was analyzed using SPSS available on Windows. Various statistical tests were applied including frequencies, percentages, correlations, and ANOVA. The results showed that English language is highly needed for work in both state and private institutions in Qatar. The recommendations made on the basis of the findings of the survey call for a thorough review of the existing ESL courses in the university with an eye on future usability. It is also recommended that English for academic purposes and English for vocational purposes ought to be integrated. This will enhance motivation and promote achievement.

Baseline Data for Arabic Acquisition with Clinical Applications" is an international project in L... more Baseline Data for Arabic Acquisition with Clinical Applications" is an international project in Linguistics and Children's Health. The overall goal is to amass an extensive new body of knowledge about normal Arabic first language acquisition and make it available on the internet. The new online material will be used by linguistic researchers to more fully understand the developmental sequence for Arabic, essential for a fuller understanding of language acquisition as a human cognitive capacity. It will also be used by speech-language pathologists working with Arabic-speaking children to improve the quality of life of those children and their families. The geographic spread of our project team, and the project's operating principles of transparency and accountability, require suitable and efficient electronic functionalities. We review the project's e-challenges to-date with the aim of providing a useful set of considerations for other e-based projects.

Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings Volume 2014 Issue 1, 2014

Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings Volume 2018 Issue 4, 2018

Traitement Automatique des Langues, 2012

International Journal of Education and Social Science (IJESS). Volume 8 Issue 4; , pp(26-47), 2021

THE ARAB WORLD GEOGRAPHER LE GÉOGRAPHE DU MONDE ARABE , 2017

Keywords: loanwords, Qatari Arabic, Arabic language and Qatari dialect, loanwords meaning and origin

Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings: Vol. 1, Nov 13, 2014

Qatar Foundation …, 2011

Asiatic journal, 4 (2), 2010

International on-line …, 2010

Our knowledge of Arabic first language acquisition is very limited. Colloquial databases are need... more Our knowledge of Arabic first language acquisition is very limited. Colloquial databases are needed because the colloquial dialect is the Arabic child’s target language until school age and so it is the child’s first language. This project focuses on issues related to first language acquisition. It starts by discussing some fundamental considerations of the nature of language and language acquisition. Then ideas and research that have provided the framework for First Language Acquisition will be presented. Other aspects in this field will be surveyed and discussed in order to contribute further to our understanding of language acquisition processes. Examples will be taken from Arabic as a first language (varieties mainly Qatari Arabic) as well as from English as a First language.

Issue 4 Pages SSAHPD145 Publisher HBKU Press Description

The study investigates the current language learning strategies used by students of English at th... more The study investigates the current language learning strategies used by students of English at the University of Qatar. The subjects of the study are 120 Arab students enrolled at the Department of Foreign Languages representing different learning levels (1st Year -4th Year). The study discusses the type and frequency of strategies use among the students according to their GP and different Levels of Learning. The results and the findings of the study would have implications for learning as well as teaching English for Arabs. Recent research suggests that successful language learner is that who uses wide range of effective language learning strategies. Thus, a less successful English learner can be helped to enhance his/her language learning through 'training of learning strategies'. The research and theory in the study are based on a cognitive information processing perspective of human thought and action, viewing language as a complex cognitive.

. ‫البوعينين‬ ‫عبداللة‬ ‫هيفاء‬ ‫مشارك‬ ‫أستاذ‬ ‫األجنبية‬ ‫اللغات‬ ‫قسم‬ ‫باستمرار‬ ‫يواجهها‬ ‫م... more . ‫البوعينين‬ ‫عبداللة‬ ‫هيفاء‬ ‫مشارك‬ ‫أستاذ‬ ‫األجنبية‬ ‫اللغات‬ ‫قسم‬ ‫باستمرار‬ ‫يواجهها‬ ‫مشكلة‬ ‫الدراسة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تناقش‬ ‫بج‬ ‫اإلنجليزية‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫بقسم‬ ‫والمدرسين‬ ‫الطلبة‬ ‫امعة‬ ‫مقررات‬ ‫في‬ ‫الطلبة‬ ‫بأداء‬ ‫المشكلة‬ ‫ترتبط‬ ‫و‬ ‫قطر،‬ ‫الكتابة‬ ( ‫الكتابة‬ 1 ‫الكتابة‬ ‫و‬ 2 ‫المتقدمة‬ ‫الكتابة‬ ‫و‬ ) ، ‫تحليل‬ ‫و‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫تمت‬ ‫قد‬ ‫و‬ 40 ‫امتحان‬ ‫إجابة‬ ‫ورقة‬ ‫لمقرر‬ ( ‫الكتابة‬ 1 ) ‫أخطاء‬ ‫تصنيف‬ ‫و‬ ‫وصف‬ ‫بهدف‬ ‫صياغ‬ ‫كيفية‬ ‫معرفة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الوصول‬ ‫اجل‬ ‫من‬ ‫الطلبة‬ ‫تها‬ ‫لتدر‬ ‫منهجية‬ ‫طريقة‬ ‫ايجاد‬ ‫من‬ ‫التمكن‬ ‫بالتالي‬ ‫و‬ ‫يس‬ ‫الكتابة‬ ‫مهارة‬ .

Linguistics in the Gulf 3 6-7 March 2011

Clinical applications" is a three-year interdisciplinary project in Linguistics and Children's He... more Clinical applications" is a three-year interdisciplinary project in Linguistics and Children's Health. It is multi-institutional and international. It is a cross-sectional study of child speech which involves research on normal conversational interaction produced by native Arabic-speaking children between the ages of 1

The investigation is an attempt to contribute further to our understanding of First Language Acqu... more The investigation is an attempt to contribute further to our understanding of First Language Acquisition processes. The aims of the study, briefly stated, are to determine that:

The development towards the target is a creative system of increasing complexity
The linguistic behaviours of the acquirers are systematic and rule-governed.
The developmental sequences can be identified for each of the syntactic areas studied.

Katara Publishing House, 2021

Over the past century, slips of the tongue have been examined as scientific evidence within the c... more Over the past century, slips of the tongue have been examined as scientific evidence within the context of two different traditions: psychological and linguistic. Slips of the tongue are another form of "mistakes" that can help researchers understand the process of speech production better. This book reports the results of an extensive study of slips of the tongue. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to collect and analyze a corpus of utterances that involves Qatari Arabic (QA) tongue slips. This is the first time tongue slips in the Qatari Dialect have been discussed and analysed with such precision and clarity. The author has been able to throw light on all aspects of the subject in great detail.
Summary of the contents of the book:
 The book provides an overview of the key findings in L1 English and Arabic slip research.
 It gives a detailed survey of studies of slips of the tongue.
 It discusses recent cognitive models of slips of the tongue.
 It makes the data available in the appendix.

Katara Publishing House, 2021

‫اللغة‬ ‫اإلنجليزية‬ : ‫الناشر‬ : ‫للنشر‬ ‫كتارا‬ ‫دار‬ ‫النشر‬ ‫تاريخ‬ ‫يناير‬ : 2021 ‫أمثلة‬ ‫ا... more ‫اللغة‬ ‫اإلنجليزية‬ : ‫الناشر‬ : ‫للنشر‬ ‫كتارا‬ ‫دار‬ ‫النشر‬ ‫تاريخ‬ ‫يناير‬ : 2021 ‫أمثلة‬ ‫اللسان:‬ ‫لزالت‬ ‫والنفسية‬ ‫اللغوية‬ ‫التصنيفات‬ ‫القطرية‬ ‫اللهجة‬ ‫من‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫تعتبر‬ ‫التفاهم‬ ‫أدوات‬ ‫أهم‬ ‫وا‬ ‫لتخاطب‬ ‫الحياة‬ ‫ميادين‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫في‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫أفراد‬ ‫بين‬ ، ‫نشاط‬ ‫يتعذر‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫وبدون‬ ‫الناس‬ ‫وترتبط‬ ‫المعرفي،‬ ‫ارتباطا‬ ‫بالتفكير‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫وثيقا‬ ، ‫لغوي،‬ ‫قالب‬ ‫في‬ ‫دوما‬ ‫تصاغ‬ ‫اإلنسان‬ ‫فأفكار‬ ‫و‬ ‫شكّ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ان‬ ‫واعية‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫الكالم‬ ‫مقصودة،‬ ‫ولذلك‬ ‫كالم‬ ‫على‬ ‫نعاقب‬ ‫أو‬ ‫نكافأ‬ ‫قد‬ ‫ه‬ ّ ‫ألن‬ ‫نقوله،‬ ‫واع‬ ‫نشاط‬ ‫غير‬ ‫ومقصود،‬ ‫في‬ ‫نا‬ ّ ‫أن‬ ‫خطأ‬ ‫الكالم‬ ‫فيخرج‬ ‫نقصد‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ما‬ ‫نقول‬ ‫األحيان‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫أنّ‬ ‫ظاهرها‬ ‫في‬ ‫تفيد‬ ‫تسمية‬ ‫وهي‬ ‫لسان"‬ ‫"زلة‬ ‫يه‬ ّ ‫نسم‬ ‫الذهن‬ ‫يراقبه‬ ‫ى‬ ّ ‫حت‬ ‫ّث‬ ‫يتري‬ ‫أن‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫وكان‬ ‫ال‬ ِ ‫ج‬ َ ‫ع‬ ‫خرج‬ ‫الكالم‬ ‫و‬ ‫يرتبه‬ ‫صحيحة‬ ‫بطريقة‬ . ‫و‬ ‫اللسان"‬ ‫زلة‬ ‫من‬ ‫أسلم‬ ‫القدم‬ ‫زلة‬ ‫"إن‬ ‫ُقال:‬ ‫ي‬ ، ‫ضرر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أذى‬ ‫من‬ ‫اللفظية‬ ‫الهفوات‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫تسببه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫لما‬ ‫وذلك‬ ‫للسامع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫وحتى‬ ‫ل‬ ‫كثيرة‬ ‫أحيان‬ ‫في‬ ‫الندم‬ ‫معها‬ ‫ينفع‬ ‫ال‬ ‫بحيث‬ ‫مقصودة‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫السيما‬ ‫ملقي،‬ ، ‫زالت‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫لكن‬ ‫عفوية‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫اللسان‬ ‫متعمد‬ ‫غير‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اإل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اإلساءة‬ ‫منها‬ ‫يقصد‬ ‫وال‬ ‫اآلخر‬ ‫من‬ ‫التقليل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫هانة‬ ‫أقل‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫وضررها‬ ‫الخطأ‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫مرتكب‬ ‫فهم‬ ‫إساءة‬ ‫تتم‬ ‫أال‬ ‫شرط‬ ‫بكثير،‬ . ‫اللسان‬ ‫زالت‬ ‫عن‬ ‫مستفيضة‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫نتائج‬ ‫الكتاب‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يسرد‬ ، ‫حيث‬ ‫الرئيسية‬ ‫النتائج‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عامة‬ ‫لمحة‬ ‫الكتاب‬ ‫يقدم‬ ‫للدراسة‬ ‫و‬ ‫منهجي‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫يقارن‬ ‫ال‬ ‫نتائج‬ ‫اليها‬ ‫التوصل‬ ‫تم‬ ‫التي‬ ، ‫وتحليل‬ ‫لجمع‬ ‫الوصفي‬ ‫المنهج‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫تم‬ ‫لقد‬ ‫و‬ Page 2 of 8 ‫على‬ ‫الضوء‬ ‫إلقاء‬ ‫من‬ ‫المؤلفة‬ ‫تمكنت‬ ‫لقد‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫القطرية‬ ‫باللهجة‬ ‫اللسان‬ ‫زالت‬ ‫تتضمن‬ ‫التي‬ ‫األقوال‬ ‫من‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫وتحليل‬ ‫مناقشة‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫األولى‬ ‫المرة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫ذلك،‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫باإلضافة‬ ‫كبير،‬ ‫بتفصيل‬ ‫الموضوع‬ ‫جوانب‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫في‬ ‫اللسان‬ ‫زالت‬ ‫والوضوح.‬ ‫الدقة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫بمثل‬ ‫القطرية‬ ‫للهجة‬ ‫األول‬ ‫الفصل‬ ‫يحتوي‬ ‫فصول‬ ‫ثمانية‬ ‫في‬ ‫الكتاب‬ ‫يقع‬ ‫و‬ ‫المقدمة‬ ‫على‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫سبب‬ ‫و‬ ‫الدراسة‬ ‫قيمة‬ ‫الباحثة‬ ‫بينت‬ ‫الموضوع‬ ‫اختيار‬ ، ‫المنهج‬ ‫و‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫خطة‬ ‫و‬ ‫اشتمل‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫الثاني‬ ‫الفصل‬ ‫على‬ ‫تعريف‬ ‫اللسان‬ ‫زالت‬ ‫و‬ ‫هي‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫من‬ ‫ب‬ ‫الكالم‬ ‫إنتاج‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫فهم‬ ‫على‬ ‫الباحثين‬ ‫تساعد‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫التي‬ ‫"األخطاء"‬ ‫صورة‬ ‫أفضل‬ ، ‫وذلك‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫عندما‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫اللغوي‬ ‫المنهج‬ ‫و‬ ‫النفسي‬ ‫المنهج‬ ‫سياق‬ ‫في‬ ‫علمي‬ ‫كدليل‬ ‫اللسان‬ ‫زالت‬ ‫تحليل‬ ‫و‬ ‫فحص‬ ‫م‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ال‬ ‫في‬ ‫شكّ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫أقدم‬ ‫أنّ‬ ‫التحليل‬ ‫مقاربات‬ ‫تتبنى‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫اللسان‬ ‫ت‬ ّ ‫زال‬ ‫تحليل‬ ‫في‬ ‫المحاوالت‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ناجم‬ ‫الخطأ‬ ‫أنّ‬ ‫ترى‬ ‫التي‬ ‫ّة‬ ‫الفرويدي‬ ‫النفسي‬ ‫الالوعي‬ ‫يقصده‬ ‫وما‬ ‫ُقال‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫بين‬ ‫صراع‬ ‫حيث‬ ، ‫النف‬ ‫عالم‬ ‫يصف‬ ‫سي‬ ‫"خلل‬ ‫ها‬ ّ ‫بأن‬ ‫اللسان‬ ‫زالت‬ ‫فرويد‬ ‫سيغموند‬ ‫بمثابة‬ ‫ويعتبرها‬ ‫إجرائي"،‬ ‫دواخل‬ ‫وتعكس‬ ‫الالوعي"،‬ ‫في‬ ‫دفينة‬ ‫أمنيات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫دوافع‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أفكارا‬ ‫تكشف‬ ‫"مرآة‬ ‫ورغباته‬ ‫الشخص‬ ‫الباطن‬ ‫ية‬ ‫اللسان‬ ‫زلة‬ ‫تعكسه‬ ‫"ما‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫فرويد‬ ‫ويشير‬ ، ‫لغوي‬ ‫خطأ‬ ‫عبر‬ ‫النور‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫تخرج‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫الواعي"‬ ‫سلوكه‬ ‫يعكسه‬ ‫مما‬ ‫الشخص‬ ‫دواخل‬ ‫عن‬ ‫تعبيرا‬ ‫األكثر‬ ‫هو‬ ، ‫زلة‬ ‫يستحضرون‬ ‫العلماء‬ ‫جعل‬ ‫ما‬ ‫وهذا‬ ‫ومحرجة‬ ‫غريبة‬ ‫سلوكيات‬ ‫لشرح‬ ‫"الفرويدية"‬ ‫اللسان‬ . ‫المنهج‬ ‫اما‬ ‫اللغوي‬ ‫فيتبع‬ ‫تفسير‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أقل‬ ‫الهفوات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اللسان‬ ‫لزالت‬ ‫إثارة‬ ، ‫اعتبر‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫ميرينغر‬ ‫رودولف‬ -‫العالم‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫بفقه‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫فرويد‬ ‫معاصري‬ ‫حد‬ -‫اللسان‬ ‫زالت‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫مسار‬ ‫في‬ ‫عرضية‬ ‫أخطاء‬ ‫"مجرد‬ ‫ألفاظ‬ ‫تداخل‬ ‫أو‬ ، ‫بعض‬ ‫في‬ ‫بعضها‬ ‫الكلمات‬ ‫حروف‬ ‫لخبطة‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫الكلمات‬ ‫بنية‬ ‫في‬ ‫أخطاء‬ ‫أو‬ ، " ‫األخير‬ ‫األبحاث‬ ‫ركزت‬ ‫ما‬ ‫وهذا‬ ، ‫ة‬ ‫كيفية‬ ‫السيما‬ ، ‫عليه‬ ‫كلمات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫األفكار‬ ‫بترجمة‬ ‫الدماغ‬ ‫قيام‬ ، ‫أن‬ ‫يؤكدون‬ ‫النفس،‬ ‫وعلم‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫علماء‬ ‫فبعض‬ ‫إنّ‬ ‫رأيهم‬ ‫وفي‬ ، ‫ومكوناتها‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫في‬ ‫ومهاراته‬ ‫الشخص‬ ‫قدرات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الواقع‬ ‫في‬ ‫تكشف‬ ‫اللسان‬ ‫زالت‬ ‫بينها‬ ‫ما‬ ‫في‬ ‫تربط‬ ‫واألصوات‬ ‫والكلمات‬ ‫المفاهيم‬ 3 ‫الدماغ:‬ ‫في‬ ‫موجودة‬ ‫عصبية‬ ‫شبكات‬ ( 1 ) ‫المضمون‬ ‫شبكة‬ ‫الداللي‬ ، ( 2 ) ‫أو‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫شبكة‬ ‫المفردات‬ ( ‫و‬ 3 ) ‫الصوتية‬ ‫الترجمة‬ ‫شبكة‬ ، ‫وال‬ ‫كالم‬ ‫الشبكات‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تفاعل‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ينتج‬ Page 3 of 8 ‫بينها‬ ‫ما‬ ‫في‬ ‫الثالث‬ ‫الشبكات‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫في‬ ‫ما‬ ‫خلل‬ ‫يحدث‬ ‫أحيانا‬ ‫ه‬ ّ ‫أن‬ ‫إال‬ ، ‫بالتالي‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫إلى‬ ‫يؤدي‬ " ‫ت‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫ها‬ " ‫ببعضها‬ ‫اللسان‬ ‫"زلة‬ ‫عنها‬ ‫فينتج‬ ‫بعضا‬ " ‫هذ‬ ‫يدرسون‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫اللغوي‬ ‫النفس‬ ‫علماء‬ ‫يؤكد‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫محايدة‬ ‫تسمية‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫الظاهرة‬ ‫ه‬ ‫هي‬ " ‫الكالم‬ ‫أخطاء‬ " ‫هي‬ ‫دقة‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫تسمية‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫أو‬ " ‫اللسان‬ ‫زلة‬ " ‫ّوتي‬ ‫الص‬ ‫واالنزياح‬ ‫التحريف‬ ‫من‬ ‫النوع‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫إنّ‬ ‫حين‬ ‫تحدث‬ ‫ما‬ ‫وعادة‬ ، ‫م‬ ّ ‫متكل‬ ّ ‫أي‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫يقع‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫عارضة‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ّاللي‬ ‫والد‬ ‫ما‬ ‫مرهقا‬ ‫أو‬ ‫را‬ ّ ‫متوت‬ ‫المتكلم‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫غير‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الذهن‬ ‫ش‬ ّ ‫مشو‬ ‫أو‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الحاالت‬ ‫من‬ ‫يتعرض‬ ‫الذهن‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫لل‬ ‫ضغط‬ . ‫يستعرض‬ ‫و‬ ‫الثالث‬ ‫الفصل‬ ‫اللسان‬ ‫لزالت‬ ‫السابقة‬ ‫الدراسات‬ ‫المجال،‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫في‬ ‫العرب‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫علماء‬ ‫اسهام‬ ‫مدى‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫الرابع‬ ‫الفصل‬ ‫يناقش‬ ‫ما‬ ‫حميمة،‬ ‫و‬ ‫متبادلة‬ ‫عالقة‬ ‫من‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫و‬ ‫القطرية‬ ‫اللهجة‬ ‫صيغة‬ ‫بين‬ ‫ان‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫بالعام‬ ‫الخاصّ‬ ‫عالقة‬ ‫غة‬ ّ ‫الل‬ ‫و‬ ‫هجة‬ ّ ‫الل‬ ‫بين‬ ‫العالقة‬ ، ‫من‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫في‬ ‫جميعا‬ ‫تشترك‬ ‫ها‬ ّ ‫لكن‬ ‫و‬ ‫خصائصها‬ ‫منها‬ ّ ‫لكل‬ ِ ‫بعضهم‬ ‫البيئات‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫أفراد‬ ‫صال‬ ّ ِ ‫ات‬ ُ ‫ّر‬ ِ ‫تيس‬ ‫التي‬ ‫غوية‬ ّ ‫الل‬ ‫الظواهر‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫ا‬ ‫فهما‬ ‫حديث‬ ‫من‬ ‫بينهم‬ ‫يدور‬ ‫قد‬ ‫ما‬ ‫فهم‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫هذه‬ ‫بين‬ ‫تربط‬ ‫التي‬ ، ‫ابطة‬ ‫الرَّ‬ ‫قدر‬ ‫على‬ ‫ف‬ ّ ‫يتوق‬ ‫هي‬ ، ‫لهجات‬ ‫َّة‬ ‫ِد‬ ‫ع‬ ‫من‬ ‫ف‬ َّ ‫تتأل‬ ‫التي‬ ، ‫الشاملة‬ ‫البيئة‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫غات‬ ّ ‫الل‬ ، ‫غة‬ ّ ‫بالل‬ ‫تسميتها‬ ‫على‬ ‫ِح‬ ‫اصطل‬ ‫التي‬ " ‫و‬ ‫ّة‬ ‫غوي‬ ّ ‫الل‬ ‫ّفات‬ ِ ‫الص‬ ‫من‬ ‫ّزها‬ ِ ‫ُمي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫منها‬ ّ ‫لكل‬ ، ‫لهجات‬ ‫ّة‬ ‫عد‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫تشمل‬ ‫غة‬ ّ ‫فالل‬ ‫غات‬ ّ ‫الل‬ ‫من‬ ‫غيرها‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ة‬ ّ ‫مستقل‬ ‫غة‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ّ ِ ‫تؤل‬ ‫التي‬ ، ‫الكالمية‬ ‫العادات‬ " ، ‫كما‬ ‫يش‬ ‫الفصل‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫تمل‬ ‫ايضا‬ ‫على‬ ‫ال‬ ‫بحوث‬ ‫و‬ ‫ال‬ ‫دراسات‬ ‫ال‬ ‫القطرية‬ ‫اللهجة‬ ‫في‬ ‫سابقة‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫يتضمن‬ ‫ال‬ ‫خصائص‬ ‫اللغوية‬ ‫القطرية‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫للهجة‬ . ‫الدراسة‬ ‫على‬ ‫الضوء‬ ‫يلقي‬ ‫الخامس‬ ‫الفصل‬ ‫و‬ ‫الميدانية،‬ ‫مفصال‬ ‫وصفا‬ ‫يقدم‬ ‫و‬ ‫زالت‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫تم‬ ‫كيف‬ ‫و‬ ‫اللسان‬ ‫تصنيفها‬ ‫مختلفة،‬ ‫ألنواع‬ ‫و‬ ‫السادس‬ ‫الفصل‬ ‫الدراسة‬ ‫نتائج‬ ‫يعرض‬ ‫بالتفصيل‬ ‫لمناقشة‬ ‫السابع‬ ‫الفصل‬ ‫يأتي‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫النتائج‬ ، ‫في‬ ‫و‬ ‫الثامن‬ ‫الفصل‬ ‫الخاتمة‬ ‫و‬ ‫الملخص‬ ‫نجد‬ ، ‫على‬ ‫الكتاب‬ ‫يحتوي‬ ‫كذلك‬ 21 ‫لزالت‬ ‫ملحق‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫جدوال‬ ‫الحالية‬ ‫الدراسة‬ ‫في‬ ‫اللسان‬ .

Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage - State of Qatar, 2010