Auður Arnardóttir | Reykjavik University (original) (raw)

Papers by Auður Arnardóttir

Research paper thumbnail of The Relationship between Concern for Environmental Sustainability and the Capacity for Wisdom and Other Factors among Postgraduate Business Students: An International Comparison

ABSTRACT The paper presents the results of an exploratory international survey, excluding USA, of... more ABSTRACT The paper presents the results of an exploratory international survey, excluding USA, of postgraduate business students including MBAs. The central purpose was to consider the relationship between the propensity for wisdom and adopting an ecological perspective that is more compatible with long-term planetary sustainability. Other variables were considered. Students were more inclined to the New Ecological Paradigm [NEP], with a significant strong correlation between the level of wisdom and environmental concern. Stronger NEP and wisdom scores were positively correlated with subjective wellbeing and psychological wellbeing. Although there was no correlation between gender and wisdom, there was a positive correlation between wisdom and those with children as well as those who are partnered, suggesting the importance of experience in wisdom formation. Gender also did not correlate with environmental concern. Students reasonably strongly agreed with sustainability being a significant part of the Business degree curriculum. Further curriculum implications are provided.

Research paper thumbnail of More on gender differences in lying

Research paper thumbnail of Environmental Uncertainty, Performance Measure Variety and Perceived Performance in Icelandic Companies

ABSTRACT The use of performance measures and performance measurement frameworks has increased sig... more ABSTRACT The use of performance measures and performance measurement frameworks has increased significantly in recent years. The type and variety of performance measures in use has been researched in various countries and linked to different variables such as the external environment, performance measurement frameworks, and management characteristics. This paper reports the results of a study carried out at year end 2013 of the use of performance measures by Icelandic companies and the links to perceived environmental uncertainty, management satisfaction with the performance measurement system and the perceived performance of the company. The sample was the 300 largest companies in Iceland and the response rate was 27%. Compared to other studies the majority of the respondents use a surprisingly high number of different measures – both financial and non-financial. This made testing of the three hypotheses difficult. Possible explanations of the high number of performance measures in use in Icelandic companies could be the recent period of high environmental turbulence forcing them to adopt more measures focusing on a variety of performance areas. This should be researched further.

Research paper thumbnail of Áhrif Kynjakvóta Á Stjórnarbrag Að Mati Stjórnarmanna

Tímarit um viðskipti og efnahagsmál, Jun 28, 2022

Ísland er eitt þeirra landa sem hefur lögleitt kynjakvóta í stjórnir fyrirtaekja. Áhrif þessarar ... more Ísland er eitt þeirra landa sem hefur lögleitt kynjakvóta í stjórnir fyrirtaekja. Áhrif þessarar lagasetningar, sem í fraeðunum kallast "hörð leið", hafa takmarkað verið rannsökuð. Við lagasetninguna var tekist á um hvort kynjakvóti í stjórnum fyrirtaekja myndi leiða til breyttra stjórnarhátta og hafa áhrif á samkeppnishaefni fyrirtaekja. Þessi rannsókn hefur að markmiði að afla þekkingar á viðhorfi stjórnarmanna til upptöku kynjakvóta í stjórnum og viðhorfa þeirra til þess hver fyrstu áhrif á stjórnarbrag eru. Greind eru viðhorf stjórnarmanna til þess hvort stjórnarhaettir og ákvarðanataka stjórna hafi breyst með tilkomu kynjakvóta og hvort stjórnir sinni aðhalds-og eftirlitshlutverki sínu með öðrum haetti en áður. Maelingar sem greint er frá í þessari rannsókn fóru fram árið 2014, einu ári eftir að lögin tóku að fullu gildi, og gefa því til kynna fyrstu áhrif lagasetningar að mati stjórnarmanna. Alls svöruðu 244 stjórnarmenn rafraenum spurningalista, 41% svarenda var kvenkyns. Niðurstaða rannsóknarinnar varpar ljósi á að karlkyns stjórnarmenn voru neikvaeðari gagnvart kynjakvóta í stjórnum þegar lögin voru upphaflega samþykkt en dregið hafði úr þeim kynjamun þegar lögin höfðu tekið gildi. Niðurstöður sýna jafnframt að skömmu eftir lagasetninguna töldu stjórnarmenn almennt að kynjakvótinn hefði leitt til fjölbreyttari skoðanaskipta við stjórnarborðið og að ferlið við ákvarðanatöku stjórna sé betra en áður. Ofantalið var marktaekt fremur skoðun stjórnarformanna, kvenkyns stjórnarmeðlima og þeirra sem jákvaeðari voru gagnvart löggjöfinni um kynjakvóta þegar hún var upphaflega sett. Niðurstöður sýna jafnframt að stjórnarmenn telja að betri stjórnarhaettir séu stundaðir eftir innleiðingu laganna. Niðurstöður sýna marktaekan mun á skoðunum almennra stjórnarmanna til laganna annars vegar og formanna stjórna hins vegar þegar kemur að eftirlitshlutverki stjórna. Jafnframt eru kvenkyns stjórnarmenn ávallt marktaekt jákvaeðari í viðhorfum sínum gagnvart breytingum í kjölfar kynjakvóta í stjórnum fyrirtaekja en karlkyns stjórnarmenn.

Research paper thumbnail of The structure of community networks defending the concept of Iceland's financial stability

Icelandic Review of Politics & Administration, 2013

Félagsnetakenningin gerir ráð fyrir að þeir, sem eru ábyrgir fyrir viðhaldi flókinna kerfa, hafi ... more Félagsnetakenningin gerir ráð fyrir að þeir, sem eru ábyrgir fyrir viðhaldi flókinna kerfa, hafi ástaeðu til þess að verjast ef fram kemur gagnrýni á stöðugleika kerfanna. Vörnin getur tekið á sig form tengslanets sem erfitt getur reynst að komast í gegnum. Þessi rannsókn notar félagsnetafraeði til að varpa ljósi á það hvernig viðbrögð við gagnrýni á stöðugleika íslensku bankanna árið 2006 gerði gagnrýnendum og almenningi erfitt fyrir að fá raunsanna mynd varðandi stöðu íslensku bankanna. Tengslanetagreining rannsóknarinnar sýnir hvernig þeir, sem ábyrgir voru fyrir fjármálakerfinu, vörðust gagnrýni sem fram kom í skýrslu Danske Bank og hvernig flókið og þéttriðið "varnarnet" varð til. Rannsóknin sýnir að þeir sem efuðust um stöðugleika íslensks fjármálakerfis þurftu að brjóta á bak aftur marga ólíka "verjendur" og ólík rök þeirra. Rannsóknin nýtir tengslanetafraeði með breiðari haetti en gert hefur verið hingað til. Þannig er baeði framkvaemdaraðilum og eftirlitsaðilum sýnd leið til þess að greina tilurð "varnarneta" sem mögulega hafa að markmiði að baegja burt gagnrýni á óstöðug kerfi. Jafnframt er komið með tillögur um hvernig megi auka gagnsaei í umraeðu um flókin málefni sem skipta hagsmuni almennings máli.

Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Business Schools in Ethics Education in Iceland: The Managers’ Perspective

Journal of Business Ethics, 2013

ABSTRACT This article explores managers’ views on various ways in which business schools can cont... more ABSTRACT This article explores managers’ views on various ways in which business schools can contribute to providing solid ethics education to their students, who will ultimately become the next generation of business leaders. One thousand top level managers of Icelandic firms were approached and asked a number of questions aimed at establishing their view on the relationship between ethics education and the role of business schools in forming and developing business ethics education. Icelandic businesses were badly hurt by the 2008 crisis, and therefore Iceland provides an interesting foundation for an empirical study of this sort as the aftermath of the crisis has encouraged managers to consciously reflect on the way their business was and should be conducted. Based on the results of the survey, a few main themes have developed. First, it appears that according to practicing managers, business schools should not be held responsible for employees’ unethical behavior. Nevertheless, managers believe that business schools should assist future employees in understanding ethics by including business ethics in teaching curricula. Second, managers believe that the workplace is not where ethics are learned, while also insisting that former students should already have strong ethical standards when entering the workplace. Third, managers call for business schools not only to contribute more to influencing students’ ethical standards, but also to reshape the knowledge and capabilities of practicing managers through re-training and continuous education. Based on the results of the study, the article also offers some recommendations on how to begin reformulating the approach to business ethics education in Iceland, and perhaps elsewhere.

Research paper thumbnail of Developing Cross-Cultural Competencies in Management Education via Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

Academy of Management Learning & Education, 2013

Developing cross-cultural competencies associated with global leadership effectiveness in student... more Developing cross-cultural competencies associated with global leadership effectiveness in students has proven to be a difficult task for management educators. We delineate the primary cross-cultural competencies that influence effectiveness in global leadership and propose a pedagogical framework based on the principles of cognitive-behavior therapy to develop these competencies in traditional classroom settings. We conclude by discussing research implications of cognitive-behavior therapy for the fields of global leadership and management education.

Research paper thumbnail of Managers’ Views on Ethics Education in Business Schools: An Empirical Study

Journal of Business Ethics, 2014

More and more scholars are expressing their apprehensions regarding the current state of manageme... more More and more scholars are expressing their apprehensions regarding the current state of management education. The increased number of corporate scandals has fueled their concerns that training students to have sound business ethics upon graduation has failed. Consequently, research is emerging that focuses on the lack of impact that business ethics teaching has had on students in recent years. Remarkably, the voice of managers has barely been heard in this area, even though they are the ones who are among those best suited to evaluate graduates' capabilities to solve ethical dilemmas. This research presents the managers' view on the role of business schools in training students in business ethics, and the managers' evaluation of business schools' success in that area. The findings reveal that managers are quite disappointed with the lack of improvement in the ethics of graduating students. Managers nonetheless provide a range of ideas for business schools to work on, and particularly, call for closer collaboration between industry and business schools.

Research paper thumbnail of Rekstur einkavæddra fyrirtækja á Íslandi

Tímarit um viðskipti og efnahagsmál, Jun 15, 2011

Ágrip Reglulega kemur upp umraeða um það hvort ríkið sé heppilegri eigandi fyrirtaekja en einkaað... more Ágrip Reglulega kemur upp umraeða um það hvort ríkið sé heppilegri eigandi fyrirtaekja en einkaaðilar. Í kjölfar fjármálahrunsins haustið 2008 hefur slíka umraeðu borið á góma. Spurningunni um hvort ríkið sé heppilegur eigandi verður ekki svarað nema með því að leggja mat á árangur fyrri einkavaeðingar. Þessi rannsókn greinir breytingar á rekstri íslenskra ríkisfyrirtaekja sem einkavaedd voru á árunum 1992-2005. Deildar meiningar eru um vinnubrögð í einkavaeðingarferlinu sem viðhaft var á þessu tímabili og hefur einkavaeðingu íslensku ríkisbankanna helst verið gerð skil. Sú rannsókn sem hér er birt greinir frá rekstri einkavaeddu fyrirtaekjanna, fyrir og eftir einkavaeðingu, en ekki er gerð tilraun til þess að lýsa einkavaeðingarferli þeirra. Helstu niðurstöður eru þaer að ekki er marktaekur munur á rekstri fyrirtaekjanna fyrir og eftir einkavaeðingu. Reksturinn er skilvirkur baeði fyrir og eftir einkavaeðingu. Samanburðarhópur einkafyrirtaekja sýnir hins vegar marktaekan bata í rekstri einkafyrirtaekja í kjölfar einkavaeðingar ríkisfyrirtaekjanna.

Research paper thumbnail of Business Ethics Following a Financial Crisis

Research paper thumbnail of Is more really better? Performance measure variety and environmental uncertainty

International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 2020

PurposeThis paper asks the question of whether more environmental uncertainty affects the design ... more PurposeThis paper asks the question of whether more environmental uncertainty affects the design of performance measurement systems in terms of a greater variety of performance measures and whether this leads to more management satisfaction with the performance measurement system and improved firm performance.Design/methodology/approachInformation processing theory is used to frame the hypotheses and findings. A questionnaire was sent to the 300 largest companies in Iceland, where environmental uncertainty has been prevalent.FindingsThe results indicate that increased uncertainty leads to a larger variety of non-financial performance measures, such as customer measures. A positive relationship is found between management satisfaction with the performance measurement system and firm performance. However, the variety of performance measures was not linked to management satisfaction or firm performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe results suggest that managers increase the vari...

Research paper thumbnail of Boards and the Selection Procedures Post Gender Quotas

Research paper thumbnail of Frá mjúkum yfir í harðar samdráttaraðgerðir á vinnumarkaði. Sveigjanleiki fyrirtækja og stofnana í kjölfar hruns

Private and public organizations have had to adapt to the sudden negative shock to Iceland s econ... more Private and public organizations have had to adapt to the sudden negative shock to Iceland s economy that took place in the fall of 2008. The most common STJORNMAL & STJORNSÝSLA FRAEÐIGREINAR Stjornmal & Stjornsýsla 2. tbl., 7. arg. 2011 (327-346) Fraeðigreinar © 2011 Tengiliður: Arney Einarsdottir, arney@ru.is Vefbirting 20. desember 2011 – Birtist a vefnum http://www.stjornmalogstjornsysla.is Utgefandi: Stofnun stjornsýslufraeða og stjornmala, Gimli, Saemundargotu 1, 101 Reykjavik downsizing method used by organizations appears to be layoffs. In a flexible labor market, however, they can be expected to use also other methods such as pay cuts, hiring freeze and prohibiting overtime, to mention only a few. Such methods may even be used in order to distribute the effects of down sizing more evenly among employees and to alleviate the need for dis missal of employees. This paper establishes a conceptual framework by classifying downsizing alternatives into three groups, ranging from m...

Research paper thumbnail of Viðbrögð tengslanets við gagnrýni á fjármálastöðugleika Íslands

Actor-network theory suggests that those responsible for the operations of a complex system have ... more Actor-network theory suggests that those responsible for the operations of a complex system have reason to defend the idea of the system’s stability in the face of challengers who suggest the system may have problems. One form this defence can take is the formation of a complex social network that makes it difficult for challengers’ claims to be reasonably considered. This paper illustrates the formation or activation of such a network of Icelandic bankers, analysts, politicians, academics, business executives and newspapers, as well as their rational and emotional public arguments, in defence of the idea of the stability of the Icelandic banking system when challenged by the Danske Bank report of 2006. The analysis shows why it was difficult for the Danish challenge to receive a credible hearing among the Icelandic citizenry, STJÓRNMÁL & STJÓRNSÝSLA FRÆÐIGREINAR Stjórnmál & Stjórnsýsla 1. tbl.,7. árg. 2011 (161-184) Fræðigreinar © 2011 Tengiliður: Þröstur Olaf Sigurjónsson, throstu...

Research paper thumbnail of Á tilnefningarnefnd að vera undirnefnd stjórnar eða hluthafa? Skoðanir ólíkra hagaðila

Tímarit um viðskipti og efnahagsmál, 2021

Tilnefningarnefndir eru tiltölulega nýjar sem þáttur í stjórnarháttum fyrirtækja á Íslandi, en sl... more Tilnefningarnefndir eru tiltölulega nýjar sem þáttur í stjórnarháttum fyrirtækja á Íslandi, en slík nefnd var fyrst sett á laggirnar árið 2014. Frá þeim tíma hafa slíkar nefndir verið að ryðja sér til rúms á Íslandi en þær eiga sér lengri sögu erlendis. Meirihluti skráðra fyrirtækja á Íslandi hefur í dag stofnað tilnefningarnefndir, en það eru þó skiptar skoðanir um ágæti nefndanna bæði meðal fræðimanna og stjórnenda. Innan Norðurlandanna starfa tilnefningarnefndir ólíkt hvað stjórnarhætti viðkemur, þar sem þær heyra ýmist beint undir hluthafa eða eru skipaðar sem undirnefndir stjórna. Hér er um að ræða mikilvægan mun eftir því hvor leiðin er farin, því áhrif á meðal annars gagnsæi í starfi nefndanna, valferli vegna nýrra stjórnarmanna og upplýsingagjöf til hluthafa, getur verið ólík eftir því hvor leiðin er valin. Erlendar rannsóknir á starf tilnefningarnefnda sýna að tilvist þeirra getur haft jákvæð áhrif á stjórnarhætti, fyrst og fremst þannig að starf þeirra leiði til skilvirks ...

Research paper thumbnail of Sól og sandur: Ferðir Íslendinga til Kanaríeyja

Tímarit um viðskipti og efnahagsmál, 2021

Rannsóknir á ferðamennsku til Íslands hafa verið í uppgangi síðastliðin ár, en verulega skortir á... more Rannsóknir á ferðamennsku til Íslands hafa verið í uppgangi síðastliðin ár, en verulega skortir á rannsóknir á utanlandsferðum Íslendinga. Hvort tveggja er þó hluti af þeim hnattræna veruleika sem Ísland er hluti af og vettvangur margvíslegra efnahagslegra gjörninga. Greinin fjallar um ferðir Íslendinga til Kanaríeyja og spyr hvað einkennir ferðir Íslendinga til Kanaríeyja síðasta áratuginn og hverskonar áfangastaður Kanaríeyjar er fyrir Íslendinga. Greiningin styðst við megindleg gögn, þ.e. niðurstöður spurningakönnunnar og greiningu á fyrirliggjandi gögnum frá Hagstofu Kanaríeyja og Ferðamálastofu Íslands. Rannsóknir erlendis endurspegla að spænsk yfirvöld hafa reynt að leggja áherslu á að Kanaríeyjar hafi upp á meira að bjóða en eingöngu sólarlandaferðir. Jafnframt sýna erlendar rannsóknir að mörk milli þeirra sem eru ferðamenn, aðfluttir, eða sem vinna á eyjunum eru oft óljós og flæðandi. Greining megindlegra gagna fyrir greinina sýnir að Kanaríeyjar hafa haft vaxandi mikilvægi ...

Research paper thumbnail of Developing Cross-Cultural Competencies in Management Education via Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

Academy of Management Learning & Education, 2013

ABSTRACT Developing cross-cultural competencies associated with global leadership effectiveness i... more ABSTRACT Developing cross-cultural competencies associated with global leadership effectiveness in students has proven to be a difficult task for management educators. We delineate the primary cross-cultural competencies that influence effectiveness in global leadership and propose a pedagogical framework based on the principles of cognitive-behavior therapy to develop these competencies in traditional classroom settings. We conclude by discussing research implications of cognitive-behavior therapy for the fields of global leadership and management education.

Research paper thumbnail of Managers’ Views on Ethics Education in Business Schools: An Empirical Study

More and more scholars are expressing their apprehensions regarding the current state of manageme... more More and more scholars are expressing their apprehensions regarding the current state of management education. The increased number of corporate scandals has fueled their concerns that training students to have sound business ethics upon graduation has failed. Consequently,
research is emerging that focuses on the lack of impact that business ethics teaching has had on students in recent years. Remarkably, the voice of managers has barely been heard in this area, even though they are the ones who are among those best suited to evaluate graduates’ capabilities to solve ethical dilemmas. This research npresents the managers’ view on the role of business schools in training students in business ethics, and the managers’ evaluation of
business schools’ success in that area. The findings reveal that
managers are quite disappointed with the lack of improvement in the ethics of graduating students. Managers nonetheless provide a range of ideas for business schools to work on, and particularly, call for closer collaboration between industry and business schools.

Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Business Schools in Ethics Education in Iceland: The Managers’ Perspective

Journal of Business Ethics, 2013

Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +B... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +Business Media Dordrecht. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com". Abstract This article explores managers'

Research paper thumbnail of Viðbrögð tengslanets við gagnrýni á fjármálastöðugleika Íslands

Félagsnetakenningin gerir ráð fyrir að þeir, sem eru ábyrgir fyrir viðhaldi flókinna kerfa, hafi ... more Félagsnetakenningin gerir ráð fyrir að þeir, sem eru ábyrgir fyrir viðhaldi flókinna kerfa, hafi ástaeðu til þess að verjast ef fram kemur gagnrýni á stöðugleika kerfanna. Vörnin getur tekið á sig form tengslanets sem erfitt getur reynst að komast í gegnum. Þessi rannsókn notar félagsnetafraeði til að varpa ljósi á það hvernig viðbrögð við gagnrýni á stöðugleika íslensku bankanna árið 2006 gerði gagnrýnendum og almenningi erfitt fyrir að fá raunsanna mynd varðandi stöðu íslensku bankanna. Tengslanetagreining rannsóknarinnar sýnir hvernig þeir, sem ábyrgir voru fyrir fjármálakerfinu, vörðust gagnrýni sem fram kom í skýrslu Danske Bank og hvernig flókið og þéttriðið "varnarnet" varð til. Rannsóknin sýnir að þeir sem efuðust um stöðugleika íslensks fjármálakerfis þurftu að brjóta á bak aftur marga ólíka "verjendur" og ólík rök þeirra. Rannsóknin nýtir tengslanetafraeði með breiðari haetti en gert hefur verið hingað til. Þannig er baeði framkvaemdaraðilum og eftirlitsaðilum sýnd leið til þess að greina tilurð "varnarneta" sem mögulega hafa að markmiði að baegja burt gagnrýni á óstöðug kerfi. Jafnframt er komið með tillögur um hvernig megi auka gagnsaei í umraeðu um flókin málefni sem skipta hagsmuni almennings máli.

Research paper thumbnail of The Relationship between Concern for Environmental Sustainability and the Capacity for Wisdom and Other Factors among Postgraduate Business Students: An International Comparison

ABSTRACT The paper presents the results of an exploratory international survey, excluding USA, of... more ABSTRACT The paper presents the results of an exploratory international survey, excluding USA, of postgraduate business students including MBAs. The central purpose was to consider the relationship between the propensity for wisdom and adopting an ecological perspective that is more compatible with long-term planetary sustainability. Other variables were considered. Students were more inclined to the New Ecological Paradigm [NEP], with a significant strong correlation between the level of wisdom and environmental concern. Stronger NEP and wisdom scores were positively correlated with subjective wellbeing and psychological wellbeing. Although there was no correlation between gender and wisdom, there was a positive correlation between wisdom and those with children as well as those who are partnered, suggesting the importance of experience in wisdom formation. Gender also did not correlate with environmental concern. Students reasonably strongly agreed with sustainability being a significant part of the Business degree curriculum. Further curriculum implications are provided.

Research paper thumbnail of More on gender differences in lying

Research paper thumbnail of Environmental Uncertainty, Performance Measure Variety and Perceived Performance in Icelandic Companies

ABSTRACT The use of performance measures and performance measurement frameworks has increased sig... more ABSTRACT The use of performance measures and performance measurement frameworks has increased significantly in recent years. The type and variety of performance measures in use has been researched in various countries and linked to different variables such as the external environment, performance measurement frameworks, and management characteristics. This paper reports the results of a study carried out at year end 2013 of the use of performance measures by Icelandic companies and the links to perceived environmental uncertainty, management satisfaction with the performance measurement system and the perceived performance of the company. The sample was the 300 largest companies in Iceland and the response rate was 27%. Compared to other studies the majority of the respondents use a surprisingly high number of different measures – both financial and non-financial. This made testing of the three hypotheses difficult. Possible explanations of the high number of performance measures in use in Icelandic companies could be the recent period of high environmental turbulence forcing them to adopt more measures focusing on a variety of performance areas. This should be researched further.

Research paper thumbnail of Áhrif Kynjakvóta Á Stjórnarbrag Að Mati Stjórnarmanna

Tímarit um viðskipti og efnahagsmál, Jun 28, 2022

Ísland er eitt þeirra landa sem hefur lögleitt kynjakvóta í stjórnir fyrirtaekja. Áhrif þessarar ... more Ísland er eitt þeirra landa sem hefur lögleitt kynjakvóta í stjórnir fyrirtaekja. Áhrif þessarar lagasetningar, sem í fraeðunum kallast "hörð leið", hafa takmarkað verið rannsökuð. Við lagasetninguna var tekist á um hvort kynjakvóti í stjórnum fyrirtaekja myndi leiða til breyttra stjórnarhátta og hafa áhrif á samkeppnishaefni fyrirtaekja. Þessi rannsókn hefur að markmiði að afla þekkingar á viðhorfi stjórnarmanna til upptöku kynjakvóta í stjórnum og viðhorfa þeirra til þess hver fyrstu áhrif á stjórnarbrag eru. Greind eru viðhorf stjórnarmanna til þess hvort stjórnarhaettir og ákvarðanataka stjórna hafi breyst með tilkomu kynjakvóta og hvort stjórnir sinni aðhalds-og eftirlitshlutverki sínu með öðrum haetti en áður. Maelingar sem greint er frá í þessari rannsókn fóru fram árið 2014, einu ári eftir að lögin tóku að fullu gildi, og gefa því til kynna fyrstu áhrif lagasetningar að mati stjórnarmanna. Alls svöruðu 244 stjórnarmenn rafraenum spurningalista, 41% svarenda var kvenkyns. Niðurstaða rannsóknarinnar varpar ljósi á að karlkyns stjórnarmenn voru neikvaeðari gagnvart kynjakvóta í stjórnum þegar lögin voru upphaflega samþykkt en dregið hafði úr þeim kynjamun þegar lögin höfðu tekið gildi. Niðurstöður sýna jafnframt að skömmu eftir lagasetninguna töldu stjórnarmenn almennt að kynjakvótinn hefði leitt til fjölbreyttari skoðanaskipta við stjórnarborðið og að ferlið við ákvarðanatöku stjórna sé betra en áður. Ofantalið var marktaekt fremur skoðun stjórnarformanna, kvenkyns stjórnarmeðlima og þeirra sem jákvaeðari voru gagnvart löggjöfinni um kynjakvóta þegar hún var upphaflega sett. Niðurstöður sýna jafnframt að stjórnarmenn telja að betri stjórnarhaettir séu stundaðir eftir innleiðingu laganna. Niðurstöður sýna marktaekan mun á skoðunum almennra stjórnarmanna til laganna annars vegar og formanna stjórna hins vegar þegar kemur að eftirlitshlutverki stjórna. Jafnframt eru kvenkyns stjórnarmenn ávallt marktaekt jákvaeðari í viðhorfum sínum gagnvart breytingum í kjölfar kynjakvóta í stjórnum fyrirtaekja en karlkyns stjórnarmenn.

Research paper thumbnail of The structure of community networks defending the concept of Iceland's financial stability

Icelandic Review of Politics & Administration, 2013

Félagsnetakenningin gerir ráð fyrir að þeir, sem eru ábyrgir fyrir viðhaldi flókinna kerfa, hafi ... more Félagsnetakenningin gerir ráð fyrir að þeir, sem eru ábyrgir fyrir viðhaldi flókinna kerfa, hafi ástaeðu til þess að verjast ef fram kemur gagnrýni á stöðugleika kerfanna. Vörnin getur tekið á sig form tengslanets sem erfitt getur reynst að komast í gegnum. Þessi rannsókn notar félagsnetafraeði til að varpa ljósi á það hvernig viðbrögð við gagnrýni á stöðugleika íslensku bankanna árið 2006 gerði gagnrýnendum og almenningi erfitt fyrir að fá raunsanna mynd varðandi stöðu íslensku bankanna. Tengslanetagreining rannsóknarinnar sýnir hvernig þeir, sem ábyrgir voru fyrir fjármálakerfinu, vörðust gagnrýni sem fram kom í skýrslu Danske Bank og hvernig flókið og þéttriðið "varnarnet" varð til. Rannsóknin sýnir að þeir sem efuðust um stöðugleika íslensks fjármálakerfis þurftu að brjóta á bak aftur marga ólíka "verjendur" og ólík rök þeirra. Rannsóknin nýtir tengslanetafraeði með breiðari haetti en gert hefur verið hingað til. Þannig er baeði framkvaemdaraðilum og eftirlitsaðilum sýnd leið til þess að greina tilurð "varnarneta" sem mögulega hafa að markmiði að baegja burt gagnrýni á óstöðug kerfi. Jafnframt er komið með tillögur um hvernig megi auka gagnsaei í umraeðu um flókin málefni sem skipta hagsmuni almennings máli.

Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Business Schools in Ethics Education in Iceland: The Managers’ Perspective

Journal of Business Ethics, 2013

ABSTRACT This article explores managers’ views on various ways in which business schools can cont... more ABSTRACT This article explores managers’ views on various ways in which business schools can contribute to providing solid ethics education to their students, who will ultimately become the next generation of business leaders. One thousand top level managers of Icelandic firms were approached and asked a number of questions aimed at establishing their view on the relationship between ethics education and the role of business schools in forming and developing business ethics education. Icelandic businesses were badly hurt by the 2008 crisis, and therefore Iceland provides an interesting foundation for an empirical study of this sort as the aftermath of the crisis has encouraged managers to consciously reflect on the way their business was and should be conducted. Based on the results of the survey, a few main themes have developed. First, it appears that according to practicing managers, business schools should not be held responsible for employees’ unethical behavior. Nevertheless, managers believe that business schools should assist future employees in understanding ethics by including business ethics in teaching curricula. Second, managers believe that the workplace is not where ethics are learned, while also insisting that former students should already have strong ethical standards when entering the workplace. Third, managers call for business schools not only to contribute more to influencing students’ ethical standards, but also to reshape the knowledge and capabilities of practicing managers through re-training and continuous education. Based on the results of the study, the article also offers some recommendations on how to begin reformulating the approach to business ethics education in Iceland, and perhaps elsewhere.

Research paper thumbnail of Developing Cross-Cultural Competencies in Management Education via Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

Academy of Management Learning & Education, 2013

Developing cross-cultural competencies associated with global leadership effectiveness in student... more Developing cross-cultural competencies associated with global leadership effectiveness in students has proven to be a difficult task for management educators. We delineate the primary cross-cultural competencies that influence effectiveness in global leadership and propose a pedagogical framework based on the principles of cognitive-behavior therapy to develop these competencies in traditional classroom settings. We conclude by discussing research implications of cognitive-behavior therapy for the fields of global leadership and management education.

Research paper thumbnail of Managers’ Views on Ethics Education in Business Schools: An Empirical Study

Journal of Business Ethics, 2014

More and more scholars are expressing their apprehensions regarding the current state of manageme... more More and more scholars are expressing their apprehensions regarding the current state of management education. The increased number of corporate scandals has fueled their concerns that training students to have sound business ethics upon graduation has failed. Consequently, research is emerging that focuses on the lack of impact that business ethics teaching has had on students in recent years. Remarkably, the voice of managers has barely been heard in this area, even though they are the ones who are among those best suited to evaluate graduates' capabilities to solve ethical dilemmas. This research presents the managers' view on the role of business schools in training students in business ethics, and the managers' evaluation of business schools' success in that area. The findings reveal that managers are quite disappointed with the lack of improvement in the ethics of graduating students. Managers nonetheless provide a range of ideas for business schools to work on, and particularly, call for closer collaboration between industry and business schools.

Research paper thumbnail of Rekstur einkavæddra fyrirtækja á Íslandi

Tímarit um viðskipti og efnahagsmál, Jun 15, 2011

Ágrip Reglulega kemur upp umraeða um það hvort ríkið sé heppilegri eigandi fyrirtaekja en einkaað... more Ágrip Reglulega kemur upp umraeða um það hvort ríkið sé heppilegri eigandi fyrirtaekja en einkaaðilar. Í kjölfar fjármálahrunsins haustið 2008 hefur slíka umraeðu borið á góma. Spurningunni um hvort ríkið sé heppilegur eigandi verður ekki svarað nema með því að leggja mat á árangur fyrri einkavaeðingar. Þessi rannsókn greinir breytingar á rekstri íslenskra ríkisfyrirtaekja sem einkavaedd voru á árunum 1992-2005. Deildar meiningar eru um vinnubrögð í einkavaeðingarferlinu sem viðhaft var á þessu tímabili og hefur einkavaeðingu íslensku ríkisbankanna helst verið gerð skil. Sú rannsókn sem hér er birt greinir frá rekstri einkavaeddu fyrirtaekjanna, fyrir og eftir einkavaeðingu, en ekki er gerð tilraun til þess að lýsa einkavaeðingarferli þeirra. Helstu niðurstöður eru þaer að ekki er marktaekur munur á rekstri fyrirtaekjanna fyrir og eftir einkavaeðingu. Reksturinn er skilvirkur baeði fyrir og eftir einkavaeðingu. Samanburðarhópur einkafyrirtaekja sýnir hins vegar marktaekan bata í rekstri einkafyrirtaekja í kjölfar einkavaeðingar ríkisfyrirtaekjanna.

Research paper thumbnail of Business Ethics Following a Financial Crisis

Research paper thumbnail of Is more really better? Performance measure variety and environmental uncertainty

International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 2020

PurposeThis paper asks the question of whether more environmental uncertainty affects the design ... more PurposeThis paper asks the question of whether more environmental uncertainty affects the design of performance measurement systems in terms of a greater variety of performance measures and whether this leads to more management satisfaction with the performance measurement system and improved firm performance.Design/methodology/approachInformation processing theory is used to frame the hypotheses and findings. A questionnaire was sent to the 300 largest companies in Iceland, where environmental uncertainty has been prevalent.FindingsThe results indicate that increased uncertainty leads to a larger variety of non-financial performance measures, such as customer measures. A positive relationship is found between management satisfaction with the performance measurement system and firm performance. However, the variety of performance measures was not linked to management satisfaction or firm performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe results suggest that managers increase the vari...

Research paper thumbnail of Boards and the Selection Procedures Post Gender Quotas

Research paper thumbnail of Frá mjúkum yfir í harðar samdráttaraðgerðir á vinnumarkaði. Sveigjanleiki fyrirtækja og stofnana í kjölfar hruns

Private and public organizations have had to adapt to the sudden negative shock to Iceland s econ... more Private and public organizations have had to adapt to the sudden negative shock to Iceland s economy that took place in the fall of 2008. The most common STJORNMAL & STJORNSÝSLA FRAEÐIGREINAR Stjornmal & Stjornsýsla 2. tbl., 7. arg. 2011 (327-346) Fraeðigreinar © 2011 Tengiliður: Arney Einarsdottir, arney@ru.is Vefbirting 20. desember 2011 – Birtist a vefnum http://www.stjornmalogstjornsysla.is Utgefandi: Stofnun stjornsýslufraeða og stjornmala, Gimli, Saemundargotu 1, 101 Reykjavik downsizing method used by organizations appears to be layoffs. In a flexible labor market, however, they can be expected to use also other methods such as pay cuts, hiring freeze and prohibiting overtime, to mention only a few. Such methods may even be used in order to distribute the effects of down sizing more evenly among employees and to alleviate the need for dis missal of employees. This paper establishes a conceptual framework by classifying downsizing alternatives into three groups, ranging from m...

Research paper thumbnail of Viðbrögð tengslanets við gagnrýni á fjármálastöðugleika Íslands

Actor-network theory suggests that those responsible for the operations of a complex system have ... more Actor-network theory suggests that those responsible for the operations of a complex system have reason to defend the idea of the system’s stability in the face of challengers who suggest the system may have problems. One form this defence can take is the formation of a complex social network that makes it difficult for challengers’ claims to be reasonably considered. This paper illustrates the formation or activation of such a network of Icelandic bankers, analysts, politicians, academics, business executives and newspapers, as well as their rational and emotional public arguments, in defence of the idea of the stability of the Icelandic banking system when challenged by the Danske Bank report of 2006. The analysis shows why it was difficult for the Danish challenge to receive a credible hearing among the Icelandic citizenry, STJÓRNMÁL & STJÓRNSÝSLA FRÆÐIGREINAR Stjórnmál & Stjórnsýsla 1. tbl.,7. árg. 2011 (161-184) Fræðigreinar © 2011 Tengiliður: Þröstur Olaf Sigurjónsson, throstu...

Research paper thumbnail of Á tilnefningarnefnd að vera undirnefnd stjórnar eða hluthafa? Skoðanir ólíkra hagaðila

Tímarit um viðskipti og efnahagsmál, 2021

Tilnefningarnefndir eru tiltölulega nýjar sem þáttur í stjórnarháttum fyrirtækja á Íslandi, en sl... more Tilnefningarnefndir eru tiltölulega nýjar sem þáttur í stjórnarháttum fyrirtækja á Íslandi, en slík nefnd var fyrst sett á laggirnar árið 2014. Frá þeim tíma hafa slíkar nefndir verið að ryðja sér til rúms á Íslandi en þær eiga sér lengri sögu erlendis. Meirihluti skráðra fyrirtækja á Íslandi hefur í dag stofnað tilnefningarnefndir, en það eru þó skiptar skoðanir um ágæti nefndanna bæði meðal fræðimanna og stjórnenda. Innan Norðurlandanna starfa tilnefningarnefndir ólíkt hvað stjórnarhætti viðkemur, þar sem þær heyra ýmist beint undir hluthafa eða eru skipaðar sem undirnefndir stjórna. Hér er um að ræða mikilvægan mun eftir því hvor leiðin er farin, því áhrif á meðal annars gagnsæi í starfi nefndanna, valferli vegna nýrra stjórnarmanna og upplýsingagjöf til hluthafa, getur verið ólík eftir því hvor leiðin er valin. Erlendar rannsóknir á starf tilnefningarnefnda sýna að tilvist þeirra getur haft jákvæð áhrif á stjórnarhætti, fyrst og fremst þannig að starf þeirra leiði til skilvirks ...

Research paper thumbnail of Sól og sandur: Ferðir Íslendinga til Kanaríeyja

Tímarit um viðskipti og efnahagsmál, 2021

Rannsóknir á ferðamennsku til Íslands hafa verið í uppgangi síðastliðin ár, en verulega skortir á... more Rannsóknir á ferðamennsku til Íslands hafa verið í uppgangi síðastliðin ár, en verulega skortir á rannsóknir á utanlandsferðum Íslendinga. Hvort tveggja er þó hluti af þeim hnattræna veruleika sem Ísland er hluti af og vettvangur margvíslegra efnahagslegra gjörninga. Greinin fjallar um ferðir Íslendinga til Kanaríeyja og spyr hvað einkennir ferðir Íslendinga til Kanaríeyja síðasta áratuginn og hverskonar áfangastaður Kanaríeyjar er fyrir Íslendinga. Greiningin styðst við megindleg gögn, þ.e. niðurstöður spurningakönnunnar og greiningu á fyrirliggjandi gögnum frá Hagstofu Kanaríeyja og Ferðamálastofu Íslands. Rannsóknir erlendis endurspegla að spænsk yfirvöld hafa reynt að leggja áherslu á að Kanaríeyjar hafi upp á meira að bjóða en eingöngu sólarlandaferðir. Jafnframt sýna erlendar rannsóknir að mörk milli þeirra sem eru ferðamenn, aðfluttir, eða sem vinna á eyjunum eru oft óljós og flæðandi. Greining megindlegra gagna fyrir greinina sýnir að Kanaríeyjar hafa haft vaxandi mikilvægi ...

Research paper thumbnail of Developing Cross-Cultural Competencies in Management Education via Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

Academy of Management Learning & Education, 2013

ABSTRACT Developing cross-cultural competencies associated with global leadership effectiveness i... more ABSTRACT Developing cross-cultural competencies associated with global leadership effectiveness in students has proven to be a difficult task for management educators. We delineate the primary cross-cultural competencies that influence effectiveness in global leadership and propose a pedagogical framework based on the principles of cognitive-behavior therapy to develop these competencies in traditional classroom settings. We conclude by discussing research implications of cognitive-behavior therapy for the fields of global leadership and management education.

Research paper thumbnail of Managers’ Views on Ethics Education in Business Schools: An Empirical Study

More and more scholars are expressing their apprehensions regarding the current state of manageme... more More and more scholars are expressing their apprehensions regarding the current state of management education. The increased number of corporate scandals has fueled their concerns that training students to have sound business ethics upon graduation has failed. Consequently,
research is emerging that focuses on the lack of impact that business ethics teaching has had on students in recent years. Remarkably, the voice of managers has barely been heard in this area, even though they are the ones who are among those best suited to evaluate graduates’ capabilities to solve ethical dilemmas. This research npresents the managers’ view on the role of business schools in training students in business ethics, and the managers’ evaluation of
business schools’ success in that area. The findings reveal that
managers are quite disappointed with the lack of improvement in the ethics of graduating students. Managers nonetheless provide a range of ideas for business schools to work on, and particularly, call for closer collaboration between industry and business schools.

Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Business Schools in Ethics Education in Iceland: The Managers’ Perspective

Journal of Business Ethics, 2013

Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +B... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +Business Media Dordrecht. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com". Abstract This article explores managers'

Research paper thumbnail of Viðbrögð tengslanets við gagnrýni á fjármálastöðugleika Íslands

Félagsnetakenningin gerir ráð fyrir að þeir, sem eru ábyrgir fyrir viðhaldi flókinna kerfa, hafi ... more Félagsnetakenningin gerir ráð fyrir að þeir, sem eru ábyrgir fyrir viðhaldi flókinna kerfa, hafi ástaeðu til þess að verjast ef fram kemur gagnrýni á stöðugleika kerfanna. Vörnin getur tekið á sig form tengslanets sem erfitt getur reynst að komast í gegnum. Þessi rannsókn notar félagsnetafraeði til að varpa ljósi á það hvernig viðbrögð við gagnrýni á stöðugleika íslensku bankanna árið 2006 gerði gagnrýnendum og almenningi erfitt fyrir að fá raunsanna mynd varðandi stöðu íslensku bankanna. Tengslanetagreining rannsóknarinnar sýnir hvernig þeir, sem ábyrgir voru fyrir fjármálakerfinu, vörðust gagnrýni sem fram kom í skýrslu Danske Bank og hvernig flókið og þéttriðið "varnarnet" varð til. Rannsóknin sýnir að þeir sem efuðust um stöðugleika íslensks fjármálakerfis þurftu að brjóta á bak aftur marga ólíka "verjendur" og ólík rök þeirra. Rannsóknin nýtir tengslanetafraeði með breiðari haetti en gert hefur verið hingað til. Þannig er baeði framkvaemdaraðilum og eftirlitsaðilum sýnd leið til þess að greina tilurð "varnarneta" sem mögulega hafa að markmiði að baegja burt gagnrýni á óstöðug kerfi. Jafnframt er komið með tillögur um hvernig megi auka gagnsaei í umraeðu um flókin málefni sem skipta hagsmuni almennings máli.