Biswajit Ghosh | Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College (original) (raw)
Papers by Biswajit Ghosh
Cytologia, Mar 25, 2024
The nutritional and medicinal wealth found in wild Solanum species is abundant, yet frequently go... more The nutritional and medicinal wealth found in wild Solanum species is abundant, yet frequently goes unnoticed. Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. and S. virginianum L. are two spiny species found worldwide in the Solanum genus, offering various medicinal and nutritional benefits. Chromosomal analysis, an essential component of genomic research for preserving plant genetic resources, has been notably overlooked in these two species. To our current knowledge, there is a lack of adequate karyotype data for S. sisymbriifolium, and the information available for S. virginianum is nearly non-existent. The present study includes establishing a standardized process involving enzymatic maceration of the cell wall, subsequent staining using the non-fluorescent dye Giemsa, and employing a fluorescent stain, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). The standardized enzymatic maceration and air drying (EMA) method yields fine chromosome dispersion, effectively eliminating cytoplasmic background interference. Both species exhibit a somatic cell chromosome count of 2n=24. Their karyotypes are symmetric and classified under the 3A category in Stebbins' classification. DAPI staining reveals distinct positive bands in S. sisymbriifolium, whereas S. virginianum exhibits uniform staining. This investigation will significantly enhance the chromosomal database, proving invaluable for breeding programs aimed at enhancing the quality of these wild Solanum species.
Caryologia, Feb 29, 2024
Fenugreek or Trigonella foenum-graecum L. is a commercially important yet neglected crop of the f... more Fenugreek or Trigonella foenum-graecum L. is a commercially important yet neglected crop of the family Fabaceae, with potent medicinal applications, and can treat several diseases as well. Conventional breeding studies for higher yields of commercial crops largely depend on chromosomal information of the particular species. Despite a number of cytological research being conducted on T. foenum-graecum, a complete characterization of its chromosomes has not been achieved due to the limitations of traditional karyotype analysis methods. A range of chromosomal markers are advantageous to characterize at full extent and identify individual chromosomes rather than relying on only physical metrics. Thus, in this study, in addition to giemsa staining, other approaches like fluorochrome and silver staining were used for the precise karyomorphological analysis of this species. Enzyme maceration and air drying (EMA) based fluorochrome banding with GC-specific stain Chromomycin A3 (CMA), and AT-specific stain 4' ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) applied for the first time for chromosome characterization. The results showed 2n = 16 chromosomes in metaphase cells, with karyotype formula of 2m+6sm. The unique banding pattern observed in the CMA/DAPI and AgNOR staining highlights the AT and GC-rich regions as well as the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). All this crucial information can further assist in conducting breeding studies of more precision with simultaneously encouraging similar studies that need to be done in other unexploited species of importance.
Research journal of pharmaceutical, biological and chemical sciences, 2015
Frontiers in Plant Science
Secondary metabolites synthesized by the Solanaceous plants are of major therapeutic and pharmace... more Secondary metabolites synthesized by the Solanaceous plants are of major therapeutic and pharmaceutical importance, many of which are commonly obtained from the roots of these plants. ‘Hairy roots’, mirroring the same phytochemical pattern of the corresponding root of the parent plant with higher growth rate and productivity, are therefore extensively studied as an effective alternative for the in vitro production of these metabolites. Hairy roots are the transformed roots, generated from the infection site of the wounded plants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. With their fast growth, being free from pathogen and herbicide contamination, genetic stability, and autotrophic nature for plant hormones, hairy roots are considered as useful bioproduction systems for specialized metabolites. Lately, several elicitation methods have been employed to enhance the accumulation of these compounds in the hairy root cultures for both small and large-scale production. Nevertheless, in the latter cas...
CRC Press eBooks, Oct 31, 2022
CYTOLOGIA
Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. is a very popular ornamental plant with attractive colorful fo... more Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. is a very popular ornamental plant with attractive colorful foliage and also has several medicinal properties. A detailed cytogenetical study was conducted in the Red Trailing Queen horticultural form of this species. Hitherto, elaborate cytogenetic studies in this species received less attention and all of the previous studies on chromosomes are decades old. Thus, a reassessment and detailed cytogenetic study of this species are necessary. The karyotype study revealed that somatic cells contain 2n=48 small chromosomes, classified into metacentric to submetacentric. Meiotic chromosomes stained with acetocarmine and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) revealed the occurrence of univalent, bivalent, and multivalent associations of chromosomes along with secondary associations. The result confirms the allopolyploid origin of this plant. Meiotic irregularities like laggard chromosomes and multipolarity movement have also been found. In addition to that, variation in the chromosome numbers within pollen mother cells (PMCs) has been observed frequently. Pollen viability has been determined by fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and found to be very low. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural polyphenol utilized as an anti-microbial, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, hepato-protectant, and renal-protectant agent. The RA content has been quantified through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to find out the medicinal efficacy. The present investigation on detailed cytogenetics study along with the pollen viability will be beneficial in the breeding program and accordingly useful in further improvement of this ornamental medicinal plant.
Physalis minima L. is an important underutilised medicinal plant. It has many medicinal propertie... more Physalis minima L. is an important underutilised medicinal plant. It has many medicinal properties including anticancer activity due to the synthesis of steroidal lactone withaferin A. This is the first time we developed hairy root (HR) culture system via infection with wild A4 strain of Agrobacterium rhizogenes for continuous synthesis of steroidal lactone withaferin A. Maximum transformation efficiency (83.49 ± 2.45 %) was recorded with the treatment of 200 μM of acetosyringone. Confirmation of transformed root was analysed using seven different gene-specific primers. After the establishment of axenic culture, five different HR lines were separated and selected on the basis of their growth rate and accumulation of withaferin A (891.79 ± 36.21 μg g–1 DW) content analysed by standard high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The present study investigated to enhance the biosynthesis of withaferin A by the application of different elicitors on selected HR lines. Elicitors...
BioTechnologia, 2021
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst is a very high-value medicinal plant that is commonly used for improv... more Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst is a very high-value medicinal plant that is commonly used for improving cognitive functions. However, the availability of very limited information on the drying method of B. monnieri has prompted to optimize a suitable drying method. The present study therefore aimed to evaluate the influence of the following six drying treatments on the quality of B. monnieri sample: microwave drying at 300 W and 600 W, hot air-drying at 50EC and 70EC, solar drying, and freeze-drying (FD). The quality attributes of the dried samples were comparatively analyzed in terms of color, total color difference, moisture content, water activity (a w), antioxidant activity, and bacoside A and bacopaside I content. The results of this study showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among the different drying methods in International Commission on Illumination (CIE) parameters, namely lightness index (L *), red-green index (a *), and yellow-blue index (b *), ΔE and a w values. Among the samples dried with the six drying methods, freeze-dried B. monnieri samples had an attractive color with the lowest total color difference value (11.415%), a w value (0.15%), and maximum bacoside A (3.389%) and bacopaside I (0.620%) content. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis showed no major difference in the functional groups in B. monnieri samples processed by the different drying methods. Considering the retention of quality after drying, FD was found to be very effective for future large-scale production of good quality dried B. monnieri products.
Sustainable Bioresource Management, 2020
Reference Series in Phytochemistry, 2019
Transgenesis and Secondary Metabolism, 2016
JPC - Journal of Planar Chromatography - Modern TLC, 2016
An optimized method for the extraction and quantification of artemisinin using high-performance t... more An optimized method for the extraction and quantification of artemisinin using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) from dried Artemisia annua L. leaf was established. Seven solvents with different polarities were used for the efficient extraction of artemisinin by hot Soxhlet as well as by conventional soaking method at room temperature. Among these solvents, n-hexane was found to be the superior solvent for both extraction methods. The chromatographic separation was carried out on precoated silica gel plate G60 F 254 using n-hexane-ethyl acetate-acetic acid (2:1:0.1) as the mobile phase, and densitometric analysis was carried out in absorbance mode at 540 nm after derivatization with anisaldehyde spraying reagent. The HPTLC method was validated for specificity as well as for recovery. The optimized mobile phase gave well-defined peaks of artemisinin at R f value of 0.43 ± 0.006. The linear regression analysis of the calibration plots using standard artemisinin exhibited good linear relationship with regression coefficient (R 2) of 0.977 within the range of 200-1000 μg spot −1. The method was validated for specificity by overlaying UV spectra and sensitivity with determination of the limit of detection (30 ng spot −1) and limit of quantitation (80 ng spot −1) values. Accuracy was demonstrated by the recovery studies with average percentage recovery of over 80%. Intra-day and inter-day precisions were found to be 0.606 and 0.667 % RSD. The proposed HPTLC method can be applied for robust identification and quantitative determination of artemisinin.
Transgenesis and Secondary Metabolism, 2016
Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology, 2016
Elicitation strategies were studied for yield enhancement of colchicine, produced by root culture... more Elicitation strategies were studied for yield enhancement of colchicine, produced by root cultures of Gloriosa superba. Adventitious root cultures were established and grown in media containing 3 mg/l NAA and 1 mg/l BA. Root cultures showed variations in biomass as well as colchicine production in the presence of different exogenous carbohydrates and amino acid. Among the different sources of carbohydrates used - fructose, sucrose and dextrose gave a substantially higher biomass yield than the control. Maximum biomass was obtained in the presence of fructose. Root cultures growing in mannitol supplemented medium resulted in maximum accumulation of colchicine (0.32%). Among the amino acids, serine and phenylalanine significantly enhanced colchicine accumulation in root cultures. 0.02 mM glutamine supplemented media showed maximum (ten-fold) increase of root biomass.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 25(2): 247-256, 2015 (December)
International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 2014
An efficient protocol has been established for micropropagation and in vitro flowering of Luffa a... more An efficient protocol has been established for micropropagation and in vitro flowering of Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. in the present study. Maximum numbers of shoots (8.2±0.29/ nodal explants) were obtained in the MS medium supplemented with 4.44 μM of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA). Doubling of 40 mM of FeSO4 and Na2EDTA resulted in chlorosis prevention of in vitro leaves. Nearly 100% of in vitro plants induced roots in presence of ½ MS medium containing 4.90 μM of IBA within 12.4±0.40 days of culture. Cytological analysis of the donor and regenerated plantlets revealed chromosome stability with 2n=26 chromosomes. About 100 % of the in vitro grown plants induced both male and female flower buds in MS medium (with 3% sucrose). Nearly 90.5% of the pollen grains formed in the in vitro male flowers were viable. The survival rate of acclimatized plants reached 94.5% when transferred to field conditions. Therefore, the present study can be considered as a promising system for efficient micropr...
Biotechnology of Anti-diabetic Medicinal Plants, 2021
CYTOLOGIA
In higher groups of plants, the somatic cells are conventionally used for karyomorphological stud... more In higher groups of plants, the somatic cells are conventionally used for karyomorphological studies, which contain a diploid (2n) set of chromosomes. Similar to diploid sporophytic cells, a chromosomal study in haploid (n) gametophytic cells is also necessary as it unfolds the karyomorphological status of germ cells. The mature male gametophytic plant body (i.e., pollen grain) is only two-or three-celled structures. This study focused on the first mitotic division in a microspore, popularly known as pollen mitosis-I. Allium cepa L. and Aloe vera L. are two model species for karyomorphological study. Microspores of these species have been stained with 2.0% acetocarmine. The present finding reveals that the cell division in microspores of these two species is completely normal without any significant irregularities. As expected, the chromosome number of the microspores of Allium cepa is n=8 and Aloe vera is n= 7, exactly half the number of their sporophytic plants. The haploid karyotype of Allium cepa is the symmetric type with karyotype formula 6m+2sm, whereas that of Aloe vera is between symmetric and asymmetric types with karyotype formula 3sm+4st. This study not only enriches the chromosomal database of gametophytes of Allium cepa and Aloe vera, but also will encourage further research on this extremely neglected topic chromosome study in the gametophytic generation of flowering plants. As Allium cepa and Aloe vera are easily available and model species for karyomorphological study, and with two contrast karyotypes (i.e., symmetric and asymmetric), this article also helps numerous school/college teachers to teach their students about the structure and behavior of gametophytic chromosomes.
Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Background Ethnomedicinally important Kaempferia angustifolia is a rhizomatous aromatic herb belo... more Background Ethnomedicinally important Kaempferia angustifolia is a rhizomatous aromatic herb belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. The present manuscript deals with the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles through a rapid reduction process mediated by the rhizome extract of tissue culture-raised plants. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the bio-nanoparticles, and the plant extracts themselves against seven multidrug-resistant urinary tract infecting (MDR-UTI) pathogens. Result The ethanolic extracts of the rhizomes of the plant executed a very rapid synthesis of silver bio-nanoparticles, and the generation of the nanoparticles was confirmed through UV-vis spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and electron dispersion spectroscopic (EDS) analysis. Finally, the precise shapes and dimensions of these nanoparticles were confirmed under the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The shapes of the nanoparticles obtained were diverse...
Biologia plantarum, 1994
For clonal propagation of Asparagus cooperi, shoot tips and node explants of 7, 20 and 35 d old s... more For clonal propagation of Asparagus cooperi, shoot tips and node explants of 7, 20 and 35 d old spear from the region within 10 cm and below 25 cm from the apex were cultured in modified Murashige and Skoog's (1962) medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The required concentration of BAP varied in explants of different ages and types. In shoot tip culture, the rate of shoot multiplication was higher after 40 d than 60 d of culture. The maximum number (62-65) of shoots were obtained from shoot tip explants of 20 d old spear in the medium containing 2.0 mg dm-3 of BAP, 80 nag dm-3 of adenine and 0.02 nag dm-3 of ~t-naphthalene acetic acid after 60 d of culture. From node cultures, high number of shoots were obtained after 30 d. Pretreatment with BAP in liquid medium for 48 h was effective for semirejuvenescence. The individual shoots produced roots in presence of indole-3-butyric acid and also in potassium salt of indole-3-butyric acid, the later being more effective. All regenerants were cytologically stable. Asparagus comprising more than 300 species is an important member of monocotyledons in which shoot culture has so far been reported only in A. officinalis
Molecules
Andrographolide, the principal secondary metabolite of Andrographis paniculata, displays a wide s... more Andrographolide, the principal secondary metabolite of Andrographis paniculata, displays a wide spectrum of medicinal activities. The content of andrographolide varies significantly in the species collected from different geographical regions. Therefore, this study aims at investigating the role of different abiotic factors and selecting suitable sites for the cultivation of A. paniculata with high andrographolide content using a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-ANN) approach. A total of 150 accessions of A. paniculata collected from different regions of Odisha and West Bengal in eastern India showed a variation in andrographolide content in the range of 0.28–5.45% on a dry weight basis. The MLP-ANN was trained using climatic factors and soil nutrients as the input layer and the andrographolide content as the output layer. The best topological ANN architecture, consisting of 14 input neurons, 12 hidden neurons, and 1 output neuron, could predict the andrographoli...
Cytologia, Mar 25, 2024
The nutritional and medicinal wealth found in wild Solanum species is abundant, yet frequently go... more The nutritional and medicinal wealth found in wild Solanum species is abundant, yet frequently goes unnoticed. Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. and S. virginianum L. are two spiny species found worldwide in the Solanum genus, offering various medicinal and nutritional benefits. Chromosomal analysis, an essential component of genomic research for preserving plant genetic resources, has been notably overlooked in these two species. To our current knowledge, there is a lack of adequate karyotype data for S. sisymbriifolium, and the information available for S. virginianum is nearly non-existent. The present study includes establishing a standardized process involving enzymatic maceration of the cell wall, subsequent staining using the non-fluorescent dye Giemsa, and employing a fluorescent stain, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). The standardized enzymatic maceration and air drying (EMA) method yields fine chromosome dispersion, effectively eliminating cytoplasmic background interference. Both species exhibit a somatic cell chromosome count of 2n=24. Their karyotypes are symmetric and classified under the 3A category in Stebbins' classification. DAPI staining reveals distinct positive bands in S. sisymbriifolium, whereas S. virginianum exhibits uniform staining. This investigation will significantly enhance the chromosomal database, proving invaluable for breeding programs aimed at enhancing the quality of these wild Solanum species.
Caryologia, Feb 29, 2024
Fenugreek or Trigonella foenum-graecum L. is a commercially important yet neglected crop of the f... more Fenugreek or Trigonella foenum-graecum L. is a commercially important yet neglected crop of the family Fabaceae, with potent medicinal applications, and can treat several diseases as well. Conventional breeding studies for higher yields of commercial crops largely depend on chromosomal information of the particular species. Despite a number of cytological research being conducted on T. foenum-graecum, a complete characterization of its chromosomes has not been achieved due to the limitations of traditional karyotype analysis methods. A range of chromosomal markers are advantageous to characterize at full extent and identify individual chromosomes rather than relying on only physical metrics. Thus, in this study, in addition to giemsa staining, other approaches like fluorochrome and silver staining were used for the precise karyomorphological analysis of this species. Enzyme maceration and air drying (EMA) based fluorochrome banding with GC-specific stain Chromomycin A3 (CMA), and AT-specific stain 4' ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) applied for the first time for chromosome characterization. The results showed 2n = 16 chromosomes in metaphase cells, with karyotype formula of 2m+6sm. The unique banding pattern observed in the CMA/DAPI and AgNOR staining highlights the AT and GC-rich regions as well as the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). All this crucial information can further assist in conducting breeding studies of more precision with simultaneously encouraging similar studies that need to be done in other unexploited species of importance.
Research journal of pharmaceutical, biological and chemical sciences, 2015
Frontiers in Plant Science
Secondary metabolites synthesized by the Solanaceous plants are of major therapeutic and pharmace... more Secondary metabolites synthesized by the Solanaceous plants are of major therapeutic and pharmaceutical importance, many of which are commonly obtained from the roots of these plants. ‘Hairy roots’, mirroring the same phytochemical pattern of the corresponding root of the parent plant with higher growth rate and productivity, are therefore extensively studied as an effective alternative for the in vitro production of these metabolites. Hairy roots are the transformed roots, generated from the infection site of the wounded plants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. With their fast growth, being free from pathogen and herbicide contamination, genetic stability, and autotrophic nature for plant hormones, hairy roots are considered as useful bioproduction systems for specialized metabolites. Lately, several elicitation methods have been employed to enhance the accumulation of these compounds in the hairy root cultures for both small and large-scale production. Nevertheless, in the latter cas...
CRC Press eBooks, Oct 31, 2022
CYTOLOGIA
Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. is a very popular ornamental plant with attractive colorful fo... more Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. is a very popular ornamental plant with attractive colorful foliage and also has several medicinal properties. A detailed cytogenetical study was conducted in the Red Trailing Queen horticultural form of this species. Hitherto, elaborate cytogenetic studies in this species received less attention and all of the previous studies on chromosomes are decades old. Thus, a reassessment and detailed cytogenetic study of this species are necessary. The karyotype study revealed that somatic cells contain 2n=48 small chromosomes, classified into metacentric to submetacentric. Meiotic chromosomes stained with acetocarmine and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) revealed the occurrence of univalent, bivalent, and multivalent associations of chromosomes along with secondary associations. The result confirms the allopolyploid origin of this plant. Meiotic irregularities like laggard chromosomes and multipolarity movement have also been found. In addition to that, variation in the chromosome numbers within pollen mother cells (PMCs) has been observed frequently. Pollen viability has been determined by fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and found to be very low. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural polyphenol utilized as an anti-microbial, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, hepato-protectant, and renal-protectant agent. The RA content has been quantified through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to find out the medicinal efficacy. The present investigation on detailed cytogenetics study along with the pollen viability will be beneficial in the breeding program and accordingly useful in further improvement of this ornamental medicinal plant.
Physalis minima L. is an important underutilised medicinal plant. It has many medicinal propertie... more Physalis minima L. is an important underutilised medicinal plant. It has many medicinal properties including anticancer activity due to the synthesis of steroidal lactone withaferin A. This is the first time we developed hairy root (HR) culture system via infection with wild A4 strain of Agrobacterium rhizogenes for continuous synthesis of steroidal lactone withaferin A. Maximum transformation efficiency (83.49 ± 2.45 %) was recorded with the treatment of 200 μM of acetosyringone. Confirmation of transformed root was analysed using seven different gene-specific primers. After the establishment of axenic culture, five different HR lines were separated and selected on the basis of their growth rate and accumulation of withaferin A (891.79 ± 36.21 μg g–1 DW) content analysed by standard high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The present study investigated to enhance the biosynthesis of withaferin A by the application of different elicitors on selected HR lines. Elicitors...
BioTechnologia, 2021
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst is a very high-value medicinal plant that is commonly used for improv... more Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst is a very high-value medicinal plant that is commonly used for improving cognitive functions. However, the availability of very limited information on the drying method of B. monnieri has prompted to optimize a suitable drying method. The present study therefore aimed to evaluate the influence of the following six drying treatments on the quality of B. monnieri sample: microwave drying at 300 W and 600 W, hot air-drying at 50EC and 70EC, solar drying, and freeze-drying (FD). The quality attributes of the dried samples were comparatively analyzed in terms of color, total color difference, moisture content, water activity (a w), antioxidant activity, and bacoside A and bacopaside I content. The results of this study showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among the different drying methods in International Commission on Illumination (CIE) parameters, namely lightness index (L *), red-green index (a *), and yellow-blue index (b *), ΔE and a w values. Among the samples dried with the six drying methods, freeze-dried B. monnieri samples had an attractive color with the lowest total color difference value (11.415%), a w value (0.15%), and maximum bacoside A (3.389%) and bacopaside I (0.620%) content. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis showed no major difference in the functional groups in B. monnieri samples processed by the different drying methods. Considering the retention of quality after drying, FD was found to be very effective for future large-scale production of good quality dried B. monnieri products.
Sustainable Bioresource Management, 2020
Reference Series in Phytochemistry, 2019
Transgenesis and Secondary Metabolism, 2016
JPC - Journal of Planar Chromatography - Modern TLC, 2016
An optimized method for the extraction and quantification of artemisinin using high-performance t... more An optimized method for the extraction and quantification of artemisinin using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) from dried Artemisia annua L. leaf was established. Seven solvents with different polarities were used for the efficient extraction of artemisinin by hot Soxhlet as well as by conventional soaking method at room temperature. Among these solvents, n-hexane was found to be the superior solvent for both extraction methods. The chromatographic separation was carried out on precoated silica gel plate G60 F 254 using n-hexane-ethyl acetate-acetic acid (2:1:0.1) as the mobile phase, and densitometric analysis was carried out in absorbance mode at 540 nm after derivatization with anisaldehyde spraying reagent. The HPTLC method was validated for specificity as well as for recovery. The optimized mobile phase gave well-defined peaks of artemisinin at R f value of 0.43 ± 0.006. The linear regression analysis of the calibration plots using standard artemisinin exhibited good linear relationship with regression coefficient (R 2) of 0.977 within the range of 200-1000 μg spot −1. The method was validated for specificity by overlaying UV spectra and sensitivity with determination of the limit of detection (30 ng spot −1) and limit of quantitation (80 ng spot −1) values. Accuracy was demonstrated by the recovery studies with average percentage recovery of over 80%. Intra-day and inter-day precisions were found to be 0.606 and 0.667 % RSD. The proposed HPTLC method can be applied for robust identification and quantitative determination of artemisinin.
Transgenesis and Secondary Metabolism, 2016
Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology, 2016
Elicitation strategies were studied for yield enhancement of colchicine, produced by root culture... more Elicitation strategies were studied for yield enhancement of colchicine, produced by root cultures of Gloriosa superba. Adventitious root cultures were established and grown in media containing 3 mg/l NAA and 1 mg/l BA. Root cultures showed variations in biomass as well as colchicine production in the presence of different exogenous carbohydrates and amino acid. Among the different sources of carbohydrates used - fructose, sucrose and dextrose gave a substantially higher biomass yield than the control. Maximum biomass was obtained in the presence of fructose. Root cultures growing in mannitol supplemented medium resulted in maximum accumulation of colchicine (0.32%). Among the amino acids, serine and phenylalanine significantly enhanced colchicine accumulation in root cultures. 0.02 mM glutamine supplemented media showed maximum (ten-fold) increase of root biomass.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 25(2): 247-256, 2015 (December)
International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 2014
An efficient protocol has been established for micropropagation and in vitro flowering of Luffa a... more An efficient protocol has been established for micropropagation and in vitro flowering of Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. in the present study. Maximum numbers of shoots (8.2±0.29/ nodal explants) were obtained in the MS medium supplemented with 4.44 μM of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA). Doubling of 40 mM of FeSO4 and Na2EDTA resulted in chlorosis prevention of in vitro leaves. Nearly 100% of in vitro plants induced roots in presence of ½ MS medium containing 4.90 μM of IBA within 12.4±0.40 days of culture. Cytological analysis of the donor and regenerated plantlets revealed chromosome stability with 2n=26 chromosomes. About 100 % of the in vitro grown plants induced both male and female flower buds in MS medium (with 3% sucrose). Nearly 90.5% of the pollen grains formed in the in vitro male flowers were viable. The survival rate of acclimatized plants reached 94.5% when transferred to field conditions. Therefore, the present study can be considered as a promising system for efficient micropr...
Biotechnology of Anti-diabetic Medicinal Plants, 2021
CYTOLOGIA
In higher groups of plants, the somatic cells are conventionally used for karyomorphological stud... more In higher groups of plants, the somatic cells are conventionally used for karyomorphological studies, which contain a diploid (2n) set of chromosomes. Similar to diploid sporophytic cells, a chromosomal study in haploid (n) gametophytic cells is also necessary as it unfolds the karyomorphological status of germ cells. The mature male gametophytic plant body (i.e., pollen grain) is only two-or three-celled structures. This study focused on the first mitotic division in a microspore, popularly known as pollen mitosis-I. Allium cepa L. and Aloe vera L. are two model species for karyomorphological study. Microspores of these species have been stained with 2.0% acetocarmine. The present finding reveals that the cell division in microspores of these two species is completely normal without any significant irregularities. As expected, the chromosome number of the microspores of Allium cepa is n=8 and Aloe vera is n= 7, exactly half the number of their sporophytic plants. The haploid karyotype of Allium cepa is the symmetric type with karyotype formula 6m+2sm, whereas that of Aloe vera is between symmetric and asymmetric types with karyotype formula 3sm+4st. This study not only enriches the chromosomal database of gametophytes of Allium cepa and Aloe vera, but also will encourage further research on this extremely neglected topic chromosome study in the gametophytic generation of flowering plants. As Allium cepa and Aloe vera are easily available and model species for karyomorphological study, and with two contrast karyotypes (i.e., symmetric and asymmetric), this article also helps numerous school/college teachers to teach their students about the structure and behavior of gametophytic chromosomes.
Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Background Ethnomedicinally important Kaempferia angustifolia is a rhizomatous aromatic herb belo... more Background Ethnomedicinally important Kaempferia angustifolia is a rhizomatous aromatic herb belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. The present manuscript deals with the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles through a rapid reduction process mediated by the rhizome extract of tissue culture-raised plants. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the bio-nanoparticles, and the plant extracts themselves against seven multidrug-resistant urinary tract infecting (MDR-UTI) pathogens. Result The ethanolic extracts of the rhizomes of the plant executed a very rapid synthesis of silver bio-nanoparticles, and the generation of the nanoparticles was confirmed through UV-vis spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and electron dispersion spectroscopic (EDS) analysis. Finally, the precise shapes and dimensions of these nanoparticles were confirmed under the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The shapes of the nanoparticles obtained were diverse...
Biologia plantarum, 1994
For clonal propagation of Asparagus cooperi, shoot tips and node explants of 7, 20 and 35 d old s... more For clonal propagation of Asparagus cooperi, shoot tips and node explants of 7, 20 and 35 d old spear from the region within 10 cm and below 25 cm from the apex were cultured in modified Murashige and Skoog's (1962) medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The required concentration of BAP varied in explants of different ages and types. In shoot tip culture, the rate of shoot multiplication was higher after 40 d than 60 d of culture. The maximum number (62-65) of shoots were obtained from shoot tip explants of 20 d old spear in the medium containing 2.0 mg dm-3 of BAP, 80 nag dm-3 of adenine and 0.02 nag dm-3 of ~t-naphthalene acetic acid after 60 d of culture. From node cultures, high number of shoots were obtained after 30 d. Pretreatment with BAP in liquid medium for 48 h was effective for semirejuvenescence. The individual shoots produced roots in presence of indole-3-butyric acid and also in potassium salt of indole-3-butyric acid, the later being more effective. All regenerants were cytologically stable. Asparagus comprising more than 300 species is an important member of monocotyledons in which shoot culture has so far been reported only in A. officinalis
Molecules
Andrographolide, the principal secondary metabolite of Andrographis paniculata, displays a wide s... more Andrographolide, the principal secondary metabolite of Andrographis paniculata, displays a wide spectrum of medicinal activities. The content of andrographolide varies significantly in the species collected from different geographical regions. Therefore, this study aims at investigating the role of different abiotic factors and selecting suitable sites for the cultivation of A. paniculata with high andrographolide content using a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-ANN) approach. A total of 150 accessions of A. paniculata collected from different regions of Odisha and West Bengal in eastern India showed a variation in andrographolide content in the range of 0.28–5.45% on a dry weight basis. The MLP-ANN was trained using climatic factors and soil nutrients as the input layer and the andrographolide content as the output layer. The best topological ANN architecture, consisting of 14 input neurons, 12 hidden neurons, and 1 output neuron, could predict the andrographoli...