Punnam M Chander | Indian Council of Medical Research (original) (raw)

Papers by Punnam M Chander

Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis of ring-A modified lupeol derivatives and their anti-proliferative activity: identification of potent lead active against MCF-7 breast cancer cells

Natural Product Research, Sep 9, 2022

In continuation of our research program aimed at the development of new natural product-based ant... more In continuation of our research program aimed at the development of new natural product-based anticancer agents, a series of lupeol derivatives (5a-5k and 6a-6i) were prepared with the introduction of aryl functionalities and amino acids at C-3 position. All the synthesized derivatives were assessed for in vitro anticancer activity against four human cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Interestingly, the compounds 5j, 5k, and 6g showed potent activity against MCF7 cells as compared with the parent compound. Further, the flowcytometry analysis revealed that the 5j,5k, and 6g arrest the cells at the G2/M phase and induce the early apoptosis in MCF7 cells. In addition, the selected compounds inhibit the BcL2 expression and increase the Bax protein expression in MCF7 cells. Overall, these results indicated that the lupeol derivatives could serve a promising launch point for the development as anticancer agents.

Research paper thumbnail of Expansion of the measles and rubella laboratory network, India

Bulletin of the World Health Organization

Research paper thumbnail of <i>In vitro</i> antimicrobial and anti-oxidant potentials of selected medicinal plants used by the indigenous tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Antimalarial efficacy of nine medicinal plants traditionally used by the Karens of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 2015

In the present study, nine of these plants were subjected to in vitro antimalarial activity again... more In the present study, nine of these plants were subjected to in vitro antimalarial activity against P. falciparum chloroquine-sensitive (MRC-2) isolate. Materials and Methods Plant materials Nine plants were selected for evaluation on the basis of their ethnomedicinal histories. The names of these

Research paper thumbnail of Antimicrobial and Hemolytic activity of seaweed Padina gymnospora from South Andaman, Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India

To evaluate In vitro antimicrobial and hemolytic activity of seaweed Padina gymnospora collected ... more To evaluate In vitro antimicrobial and hemolytic activity of seaweed Padina gymnospora collected from Wandoor marine beach, South Andaman. The seaweeds was collected from Wandoor area, south Andaman, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and crude extract was screened for antimicrobial and hemolytic activity. Methanol extract was tested against selected human pathogens, E.coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, B.cereus, S. typhi, S. flexneri, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger. Crude extract was also analysed for hemolytic activity to study the toxicity. Maximum of 21.67 ±1.15 mm inhibition zone was observed against S. aereus and the minimum 12.3 ± 0.58 mm against P. mirabilis among the studied bacterial strains. P. gymnospora also showed activity against the fungal pathogens. The results confirms that seaweeds P. gymnospora can be further studied for purification of antimicrobial compounds.

Research paper thumbnail of Medicinal Plants Used by the Nicobarese Inhabiting Little Nicobar Island of the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2015

ABSTRACT This study is an attempt to document the medicinal plants used by the tribal community o... more ABSTRACT This study is an attempt to document the medicinal plants used by the tribal community of Little Nicobar Island. Despite modern healthcare facilities, tribals often consume medicinal herbs, with traditional knowledge practitioners (TKPs) serving as local medical experts. The aim is to conduct an ethnomedicinal survey among the Nicobarese, whose medicinal practices are yet to be documented. Field research was conducted in all five villages of Little Nicobar Island, situated in the southernmost part of the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, during 2012-2013. Seven TKPs were interviewed using a questionnaire-guided ethnomedicinal survey protocol. The data obtained were analyzed using the informant consensus factor (ICF) and use value. Voucher specimens of all the cited plant species were deposited at the Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Port Blair. Uses of 34 medicinal plant species, belonging to 23 families encompassing 32 genera, were recorded during the survey. These 34 species are employed to treat a total of 16 ailments. The highest ICF (1.00) was obtained for respiratory diseases. The Euphorbiaceae family exhibited the highest number of citations, and plants with the highest use values were Glochidion calocarpum Kurz, Senna occidentalis (L.) Link, Ocimum tenuiflorum L., and Passiflora suberosa L. Of the medicinal plants reported, the most common growth form was herbs. Remedies were generally prepared using water. The medicinal plant preparations were administered topically or orally. Traditional knowledge of herbal medicines is handed down orally through generations. These plants attained a significant role under the healthcare of the Nicobarese residing in Little Nicobar Island. Efforts to ensure their documentation are necessary in order to prevent its loss, either because of natural calamities or lack of interest among younger generations in carrying out their tradition.

Research paper thumbnail of Ethno medicine and healthcare practices among Nicobarese of Car Nicobar – An indigenous tribe of Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2014

This study is an attempt to document the use of medicinal plants by Nicobarese tribe from the Car... more This study is an attempt to document the use of medicinal plants by Nicobarese tribe from the Car Nicobar Island of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Inspite of the availability of modern healthcare facilities tribal people often take herbal medicines and Traditional Knowledge Practitioners (TKPs) serve as the local medical experts in Car Nicobar Island. The present study was to conduct an ethnomedicinal survey among the TKPs of Nicobarese tribe of the inhabitants of Car Nicobar Island, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Field research was conducted in 15 villages of Car Nicobar Island during March 2011-February 2012. TKPs were interviewed with a questionnaire-guided ethnomedical survey protocol. The data obtained were quantitatively analysed using the informant consensus factor (ICF) and use value (UV). Voucher specimens of all cited plants were collected and deposited at Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Port Blair. Use of 150 medicinal plant species, belonging to 122 genera encompassing 59 families were recorded during the survey. These 150 species are employed to treat 47 different medicinal uses, divided into nine categories of use. The highest ICF (0.68) was obtained for the gastrointestinal system. The Euphorbiaceae family exhibited the highest number of citations, and the species with the highest UVs were Morinda citrifolia L., Tabernaemontana crispa Roxb. and Colubrina asiatica (L.) Brongn. Of the medicinal plants reported, the most common growth form was shrubs (28%). Among several parts of individual plant species which are used, leaves constitute the major portion in preparation of medicines. Remedies were generally prepared using water as the excipient. This study is an attempt to document the use of medicinal plants from the Car Nicobar Island of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Future phytochemical and pharmacological studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of the identified plants.

Research paper thumbnail of Ethnomedicinal knowledge among Karens of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015

Ethnopharmacological relevance: This study documents the use of medicinal plants by Karens of Mid... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: This study documents the use of medicinal plants by Karens of Middle Andaman, of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Inspite of the availability of modern medicines, Karens preferred herbal remedies provided by the Traditional Knowledge Practitioners (TKPs), who served as their healers. Hence, the aim of this study was to collect information from TKPs and determine the significance of plants utilized for medicinal purposes. The informant consensus factor (ICF) in relation to medicinal plants used was also estimated and analysed. Materials and Methods: Field research was conducted in three villages of Middle Andaman, inhabited by Karens, during October 2010-February 2013. TKPs were interviewed with a questionnaire-guided ethno-medical survey protocol. The data obtained were analysed using the informant consensus factor (ICF) and use value (UV). Voucher specimens of all the cited plants were deposited at Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Port Blair. Results: Use of 78 medicinal plant species belonging to 71 genera encompassing 48 families were recorded during the survey. These plants were used to treat 38 different ailments, and divided into ten categories of use. The highest ICF value (0.79) was observed for infections and infestations. The Zingiberaceae and Fabaceae families exhibited the highest number of species, and the plants with the highest use values were Typha angustifolia L., Millingtonia hortensis L. f. and Piper betle L. The most common growth form observed were herbs (42%). Among the several plant parts used, leaves were mostly preferred for preparation of medicines. Water was the main excipient used for mixing the herbs. Conclusions: This study documents the use of medicinal plants by Karens of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of these plants need to be studied, to confirm their efficacy and safety, and determine their potential use in modern medicine.

Research paper thumbnail of Community Biodiversity Register - Nicobarese of Car Nicobar

Research paper thumbnail of Herbal medicine & healthcare practices among Nicobarese of Nancowry group of Islands - an indigenous tribe of Andaman & Nicobar Islands

The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 2015

Background & objectives: Tribal people often depend on herbal medicines and the traditional knowl... more Background & objectives: Tribal people often depend on herbal medicines and the traditional knowledge practitioners (TKPs) serve as their healthcare service providers. This study was an attempt to document the use of medicinal plants by the Nicobarese of Nancowry group of Islands. Methods: Field survey was conducted in all the five inhabited Islands of the Nancowry group of Islands. All the TKPs were interviewed with a questionnaire-guided ethnomedicinal survey protocol. Voucher specimens of all the cited plants (botanic species) were collected and a Community Biodiversity Register of Nicobarese of Nancowry was prepared. Results: A total of 77 TKPs were identified, who together were using 132 medicinal plant species belonging to 113 genera and 62 families. The TKPs were treating a total of 43 ailments. Seven endemic and three rare plant species were recorded. The most common plant part used was leaves. Remedies were usually prepared using water as the excipient. Routes for administr...

Research paper thumbnail of GC/MS profiling, in vitro anti-leptospiral and haemolytic activities of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. used as a medicinal plant by Nicobarese of Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Natural product research, Jan 26, 2015

Leaves of the plant Boesenbergia rotunda are used by the Nicobarese tribe of Andaman and Nicobar ... more Leaves of the plant Boesenbergia rotunda are used by the Nicobarese tribe of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, to prepare traditional medicine for treating fever, headache and body ache. In the present investigation, methanol fraction of these leaves were analysed by GC/MS that revealed the presence of 25 compounds. The anti-leptospiral activity of methanol crude extract was determined by both microdilution and macrodilution methods. The MICs of the extract were tested against 24 pathogenic leptospiral strains and ranged between 62.5-125 μg/mL in both microdilution and macrodilution. The range of MBCs was 250 and 500 μg/mL in macrodilution and microdilution respectively. The crude extract was subjected to cytotoxic studies and found to have negligible or no haemolytic activity, exhibiting IC50 values of greater than 4 mg/mL. Further in vivo studies are needed to investigate the pharmacological and toxicological properties of Boesenbergia rotunda, before it can be considered as a n...

Research paper thumbnail of INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND CHEMICAL SCIENCES Anti-microbial Constituents From Leaves of Glyptopetalum calocarpum (Kurz.) Prain

Phytochemical investigation of MeOH extract of Glyptopetalum calocarpum (Kurz.) Prain leaves led ... more Phytochemical investigation of MeOH extract of Glyptopetalum calocarpum (Kurz.) Prain leaves led to the isolation of six known triterpenes (1-6). Occurrences of these compounds are reported for the first time from the leaves of Glyptopetalum calocarpum. The compounds were identified and characterized on the basis of various spectral techniques including 1D, Mass, and IR spectral data. In addition, these compounds was tested against selected human pathogens, E.coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa. INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants have been harvested from the wild since health care system in many rural communities because of its effectiveness, lack of modern medical alternatives and cultural preferences

Research paper thumbnail of Anti-leptospiral activities of an endemic plant Glyptopetalum calocarpum (Kurz.) Prain used as a medicinal plant by Nicobarese of Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Natural product research, Jan 6, 2014

Leaves of an endemic plant Glyptopetalum calocarpum are used by Nicobarese tribes of Andaman and ... more Leaves of an endemic plant Glyptopetalum calocarpum are used by Nicobarese tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, to prepare traditional medicine for treating fever. In the present investigation, pharmacologically active compounds were isolated from this plant and their antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated against the leptospiral strains. The anti-leptospiral activity of six plant-derived compounds was determined by both microdilution and macrodilution methods. Two out of six compounds, namely lupenone and stigmasterol, showed anti-leptospiral activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the two compounds tested against pathogenic leptospiral strains belonging to 10 serovars were in the range of 100-200 μg/mL. The range of minimum bactericidal concentrations was 400-800 μg/mL. Compounds lupenone, stigmasterol, lupeol, β-amyrin and β-amyrin acetate had negligible or no haemolytic activity, exhibiting IC50 values of greater than 5 mg/mL. Further in vivo studies are needed...

Research paper thumbnail of In-vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of selected medicinal plants used by the indigenous tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

Research paper thumbnail of Antimalarial efficacy of nine medicinal plants traditionally used by the Karens of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

The aim of this study was to assess the antimalarial activity of nine medicinal plants used by Ka... more The aim of this study was to assess the antimalarial activity of nine medicinal plants used by Karens of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-sensitive MRC-2 isolate. The methanol extracts were obtained by cold percolation method and in vitro antimalarial activity was assessed using M-III method. The results indicated that out of nine plant species tested, four plants, viz., Z. spectabilis, S. wallichiana, C. pulcherrima and Amomum sp. demonstrated significant antimalarial activity (50% inhibitory concentration values were 5.5 ± 0.7, 12.0 ± 2.5, 14.6 ± 1.3 and 37.3 ± 2.5 μg/mL respectively) with no toxicity effect on erythrocytes.

Research paper thumbnail of GC/MS profiling, in vitro antileptospiral and haemolytic activities of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. used as a medicinal plant by Nicobarese of Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Leaves of the plant Boesenbergia rotunda are used by the Nicobarese tribe of Andaman and Nicobar ... more Leaves of the plant Boesenbergia rotunda are used by the Nicobarese tribe of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, to prepare traditional medicine for treating fever, headache and body ache. In the present investigation, methanol fraction of these leaves were analysed by GC/MS that revealed the presence of 25 compounds. The anti-leptospiral activity of methanol crude extract was determined by both microdilution and macrodilution methods. The MICs of the extract were tested against 24 pathogenic leptospiral strains and ranged between 62.5–125 mg/mL in both microdilution and macrodilution. The range of MBCs was 250 and 500 mg/mL in macrodilution and microdilution respectively. The crude extract was subjected to cytotoxic studies and found to have negligible or no haemolytic activity, exhibiting IC50 values of greater than 4 mg/mL. Further in vivo studies are needed to investigate the pharmacological and toxicological properties of Boesenbergia rotunda, before it can be considered as a new anti-leptospiral agent.

Research paper thumbnail of Anti-leptospiral activities of an endemic plant Glyptopetalum calocarpum (Kurz.) Prain used as a medicinal plant by Nicobarese of Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Leaves of an endemic plant Glyptopetalum calocarpum are used by Nicobarese tribes of Andaman and ... more Leaves of an endemic plant Glyptopetalum calocarpum are used by Nicobarese tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, to prepare traditional medicine for treating fever. In the present investigation, pharmacologically active compounds were isolated from this plant and their antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated against the leptospiral strains. The anti-leptospiral activity of six plant-derived compounds was determined by both microdilution and macrodilution methods. Two out of six compounds, namely lupenone and stigmasterol, showed anti-leptospiral activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the two compounds tested against pathogenic leptospiral strains belonging to 10 serovars were in the range of 100–200 μg/mL. The range of minimum bactericidal concentrations was 400–800 μg/mL. Compounds lupenone, stigmasterol, lupeol, β-amyrin and β-amyrin acetate had negligible or no haemolytic activity, exhibiting IC50 values of greater than 5 mg/mL. Further in vivo studies are needed to investigate the pharmacological and toxicological properties of G. calocarpum before it can be considered as a new anti-leptospiral agent.

Research paper thumbnail of Medicinal Plants Used by the Nicobarese Inhabiting Little Nicobar Island of the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India

Background: This study is an attempt to document the medicinal plants used by the tribal communit... more Background: This study is an attempt to document the medicinal plants used by the tribal community of the Little Nicobar Island. . Despite modern healthcare facilities, tribals often consume medicinal herbs, with Traditional Knowledge Practitioners (TKPs) serving as local medical experts.
Objectives: The aim is to conduct an ethnomedicinal survey among Nicobarese, whose medicinal practices are yet to be documented.
Methods: Field research was conducted in all 5 villages of the Little Nicobar Island situated in the southernmost part of the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago, during 2012-2013. Seven TKPs were interviewed using a questionnaire -guided ethnomedicinal survey protocol. The data obtained were analyzed using the informant consensus factor (ICF) and use value (UV). Voucher specimens of all the cited plant species were deposited at Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Port Blair.
Results: Uses of 34 medicinal plant species, belonging to 23 families encompassing 32 genera were recorded during the survey. These 34 species are employed to treat a total of 16 ailments. The highest ICF (1.00) was obtained for respiratory diseases. The Euphorbiaceae family exhibited the highest number of citations, and plants with the highest UVs were Glochidion calocarpum Kurz, Senna occidentalis (L.) Link, Ocimum tenuiflorum L. and Passiflora suberosa L. Of medicinal plants reported, the most common growth form were herbs. Remedies were generally prepared using water. The medicinal plant preparations were administered through topical or oral.
Interpretation and conclusions: Traditional knowledge of herbal medicines is handed down orally through generations. These plants attained a significant role under the healthcare of Nicobarese residing in the Little Nicobar Island. Efforts to ensure their documentation is necessary in order to prevent its loss, either because of natural calamities or lack of interest among younger generations in carrying out their tradition.

Research paper thumbnail of Herbal medicine & healthcare practices among Nicobarese of Nancowry group of Islands - an indigenous tribe of Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

Background & objectives: Tribal people often depend on herbal medicines and the traditional knowl... more Background & objectives: Tribal people often depend on herbal medicines and the traditional knowledge practitioners (TKPs) serve as their healthcare service providers. This study was an attempt to document the use of medicinal plants by the Nicobarese of Nancowry group of Islands.
Methods: Field survey was conducted in all the five inhabited Islands of the Nancowry group of Islands. All the TKPs were interviewed with a questionnaire-guided ethnomedicinal survey protocol. Voucher specimens of all the cited plants (botanic species) were collected and a community biodiversity register of Nicobarese of Nancowry was prepared.
Results: A total of 77 TKPs were identified, who together were using 132 medicinal plant species belonging to 113 genera and 62 families. The TKPs were treating a total of 43 ailments. Seven endemic and three rare plant species were recorded. The most common plant part used was leaves. Remedies were usually prepared using water as the excipient. Routes for administration of medicinal plant preparations were oral, topical and others. The information collected from the TKPs were collated in the form of Community Biodiversity Registers.
Interpretation & conclusions: The present survey shows that the medicinal plants play a pivotal role in the healthcare of the Nicobarese tribe of Nancowry group of Islands. Efforts to document the medicinal plant species and the formulations used by them are necessary to prevent the loss of this precious knowledge.

Research paper thumbnail of Ethnomedicinal knowledge among Karens of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India

Ethnopharmacological relevance: This study documents the use of medicinal plants by Karens of Mid... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: This study documents the use of medicinal plants by Karens of Middle Andaman, of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Inspite of the availability of modern medicines, Karens preferred herbal remedies provided by the Traditional Knowledge Practitioners (TKPs), who served as their healers. Hence, the aim of this study was to collect information from TKPs and determine the significance of plants utilized for medicinal purposes. The informant consensus factor (ICF) in relation to medicinal plants used was also estimated and analysed. Materials and Methods: Field research was conducted in three villages of Middle Andaman, inhabited by Karens, during October 2010 – February 2013. TKPs were interviewed with a questionnaire-guided ethno-medical survey protocol. The data obtained were analysed using the informant consensus factor (ICF) and use value (UV). Voucher specimens of all the cited plants were deposited at Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Port Blair. Results: Use of 78 medicinal plant species belonging to 71 genera encompassing 48 families were recorded during the survey. These plants were used to treat 38 different ailments, and divided into ten categories of use. The highest ICF value (0.79) was observed for infections and infestations. The Zingiberaceae and Fabaceae families exhibited the highest number of species, and the plants with the highest use values were Typha angustifolia L., Millingtonia hortensis L. f. and Piper betle L. The most common growth form observed were herbs (42%). Among the several plant parts used, leaves were mostly preferred for preparation of medicines. Water was the main excipient used for mixing the herbs. Conclusions: This study documents the use of medicinal plants by Karens of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of these plants need to be studied, to confirm their efficacy and safety, and determine their potential use in modern medicine.

Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis of ring-A modified lupeol derivatives and their anti-proliferative activity: identification of potent lead active against MCF-7 breast cancer cells

Natural Product Research, Sep 9, 2022

In continuation of our research program aimed at the development of new natural product-based ant... more In continuation of our research program aimed at the development of new natural product-based anticancer agents, a series of lupeol derivatives (5a-5k and 6a-6i) were prepared with the introduction of aryl functionalities and amino acids at C-3 position. All the synthesized derivatives were assessed for in vitro anticancer activity against four human cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Interestingly, the compounds 5j, 5k, and 6g showed potent activity against MCF7 cells as compared with the parent compound. Further, the flowcytometry analysis revealed that the 5j,5k, and 6g arrest the cells at the G2/M phase and induce the early apoptosis in MCF7 cells. In addition, the selected compounds inhibit the BcL2 expression and increase the Bax protein expression in MCF7 cells. Overall, these results indicated that the lupeol derivatives could serve a promising launch point for the development as anticancer agents.

Research paper thumbnail of Expansion of the measles and rubella laboratory network, India

Bulletin of the World Health Organization

Research paper thumbnail of <i>In vitro</i> antimicrobial and anti-oxidant potentials of selected medicinal plants used by the indigenous tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Antimalarial efficacy of nine medicinal plants traditionally used by the Karens of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 2015

In the present study, nine of these plants were subjected to in vitro antimalarial activity again... more In the present study, nine of these plants were subjected to in vitro antimalarial activity against P. falciparum chloroquine-sensitive (MRC-2) isolate. Materials and Methods Plant materials Nine plants were selected for evaluation on the basis of their ethnomedicinal histories. The names of these

Research paper thumbnail of Antimicrobial and Hemolytic activity of seaweed Padina gymnospora from South Andaman, Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India

To evaluate In vitro antimicrobial and hemolytic activity of seaweed Padina gymnospora collected ... more To evaluate In vitro antimicrobial and hemolytic activity of seaweed Padina gymnospora collected from Wandoor marine beach, South Andaman. The seaweeds was collected from Wandoor area, south Andaman, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and crude extract was screened for antimicrobial and hemolytic activity. Methanol extract was tested against selected human pathogens, E.coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, B.cereus, S. typhi, S. flexneri, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger. Crude extract was also analysed for hemolytic activity to study the toxicity. Maximum of 21.67 ±1.15 mm inhibition zone was observed against S. aereus and the minimum 12.3 ± 0.58 mm against P. mirabilis among the studied bacterial strains. P. gymnospora also showed activity against the fungal pathogens. The results confirms that seaweeds P. gymnospora can be further studied for purification of antimicrobial compounds.

Research paper thumbnail of Medicinal Plants Used by the Nicobarese Inhabiting Little Nicobar Island of the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2015

ABSTRACT This study is an attempt to document the medicinal plants used by the tribal community o... more ABSTRACT This study is an attempt to document the medicinal plants used by the tribal community of Little Nicobar Island. Despite modern healthcare facilities, tribals often consume medicinal herbs, with traditional knowledge practitioners (TKPs) serving as local medical experts. The aim is to conduct an ethnomedicinal survey among the Nicobarese, whose medicinal practices are yet to be documented. Field research was conducted in all five villages of Little Nicobar Island, situated in the southernmost part of the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, during 2012-2013. Seven TKPs were interviewed using a questionnaire-guided ethnomedicinal survey protocol. The data obtained were analyzed using the informant consensus factor (ICF) and use value. Voucher specimens of all the cited plant species were deposited at the Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Port Blair. Uses of 34 medicinal plant species, belonging to 23 families encompassing 32 genera, were recorded during the survey. These 34 species are employed to treat a total of 16 ailments. The highest ICF (1.00) was obtained for respiratory diseases. The Euphorbiaceae family exhibited the highest number of citations, and plants with the highest use values were Glochidion calocarpum Kurz, Senna occidentalis (L.) Link, Ocimum tenuiflorum L., and Passiflora suberosa L. Of the medicinal plants reported, the most common growth form was herbs. Remedies were generally prepared using water. The medicinal plant preparations were administered topically or orally. Traditional knowledge of herbal medicines is handed down orally through generations. These plants attained a significant role under the healthcare of the Nicobarese residing in Little Nicobar Island. Efforts to ensure their documentation are necessary in order to prevent its loss, either because of natural calamities or lack of interest among younger generations in carrying out their tradition.

Research paper thumbnail of Ethno medicine and healthcare practices among Nicobarese of Car Nicobar – An indigenous tribe of Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2014

This study is an attempt to document the use of medicinal plants by Nicobarese tribe from the Car... more This study is an attempt to document the use of medicinal plants by Nicobarese tribe from the Car Nicobar Island of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Inspite of the availability of modern healthcare facilities tribal people often take herbal medicines and Traditional Knowledge Practitioners (TKPs) serve as the local medical experts in Car Nicobar Island. The present study was to conduct an ethnomedicinal survey among the TKPs of Nicobarese tribe of the inhabitants of Car Nicobar Island, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Field research was conducted in 15 villages of Car Nicobar Island during March 2011-February 2012. TKPs were interviewed with a questionnaire-guided ethnomedical survey protocol. The data obtained were quantitatively analysed using the informant consensus factor (ICF) and use value (UV). Voucher specimens of all cited plants were collected and deposited at Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Port Blair. Use of 150 medicinal plant species, belonging to 122 genera encompassing 59 families were recorded during the survey. These 150 species are employed to treat 47 different medicinal uses, divided into nine categories of use. The highest ICF (0.68) was obtained for the gastrointestinal system. The Euphorbiaceae family exhibited the highest number of citations, and the species with the highest UVs were Morinda citrifolia L., Tabernaemontana crispa Roxb. and Colubrina asiatica (L.) Brongn. Of the medicinal plants reported, the most common growth form was shrubs (28%). Among several parts of individual plant species which are used, leaves constitute the major portion in preparation of medicines. Remedies were generally prepared using water as the excipient. This study is an attempt to document the use of medicinal plants from the Car Nicobar Island of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Future phytochemical and pharmacological studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of the identified plants.

Research paper thumbnail of Ethnomedicinal knowledge among Karens of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015

Ethnopharmacological relevance: This study documents the use of medicinal plants by Karens of Mid... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: This study documents the use of medicinal plants by Karens of Middle Andaman, of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Inspite of the availability of modern medicines, Karens preferred herbal remedies provided by the Traditional Knowledge Practitioners (TKPs), who served as their healers. Hence, the aim of this study was to collect information from TKPs and determine the significance of plants utilized for medicinal purposes. The informant consensus factor (ICF) in relation to medicinal plants used was also estimated and analysed. Materials and Methods: Field research was conducted in three villages of Middle Andaman, inhabited by Karens, during October 2010-February 2013. TKPs were interviewed with a questionnaire-guided ethno-medical survey protocol. The data obtained were analysed using the informant consensus factor (ICF) and use value (UV). Voucher specimens of all the cited plants were deposited at Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Port Blair. Results: Use of 78 medicinal plant species belonging to 71 genera encompassing 48 families were recorded during the survey. These plants were used to treat 38 different ailments, and divided into ten categories of use. The highest ICF value (0.79) was observed for infections and infestations. The Zingiberaceae and Fabaceae families exhibited the highest number of species, and the plants with the highest use values were Typha angustifolia L., Millingtonia hortensis L. f. and Piper betle L. The most common growth form observed were herbs (42%). Among the several plant parts used, leaves were mostly preferred for preparation of medicines. Water was the main excipient used for mixing the herbs. Conclusions: This study documents the use of medicinal plants by Karens of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of these plants need to be studied, to confirm their efficacy and safety, and determine their potential use in modern medicine.

Research paper thumbnail of Community Biodiversity Register - Nicobarese of Car Nicobar

Research paper thumbnail of Herbal medicine & healthcare practices among Nicobarese of Nancowry group of Islands - an indigenous tribe of Andaman & Nicobar Islands

The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 2015

Background & objectives: Tribal people often depend on herbal medicines and the traditional knowl... more Background & objectives: Tribal people often depend on herbal medicines and the traditional knowledge practitioners (TKPs) serve as their healthcare service providers. This study was an attempt to document the use of medicinal plants by the Nicobarese of Nancowry group of Islands. Methods: Field survey was conducted in all the five inhabited Islands of the Nancowry group of Islands. All the TKPs were interviewed with a questionnaire-guided ethnomedicinal survey protocol. Voucher specimens of all the cited plants (botanic species) were collected and a Community Biodiversity Register of Nicobarese of Nancowry was prepared. Results: A total of 77 TKPs were identified, who together were using 132 medicinal plant species belonging to 113 genera and 62 families. The TKPs were treating a total of 43 ailments. Seven endemic and three rare plant species were recorded. The most common plant part used was leaves. Remedies were usually prepared using water as the excipient. Routes for administr...

Research paper thumbnail of GC/MS profiling, in vitro anti-leptospiral and haemolytic activities of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. used as a medicinal plant by Nicobarese of Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Natural product research, Jan 26, 2015

Leaves of the plant Boesenbergia rotunda are used by the Nicobarese tribe of Andaman and Nicobar ... more Leaves of the plant Boesenbergia rotunda are used by the Nicobarese tribe of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, to prepare traditional medicine for treating fever, headache and body ache. In the present investigation, methanol fraction of these leaves were analysed by GC/MS that revealed the presence of 25 compounds. The anti-leptospiral activity of methanol crude extract was determined by both microdilution and macrodilution methods. The MICs of the extract were tested against 24 pathogenic leptospiral strains and ranged between 62.5-125 μg/mL in both microdilution and macrodilution. The range of MBCs was 250 and 500 μg/mL in macrodilution and microdilution respectively. The crude extract was subjected to cytotoxic studies and found to have negligible or no haemolytic activity, exhibiting IC50 values of greater than 4 mg/mL. Further in vivo studies are needed to investigate the pharmacological and toxicological properties of Boesenbergia rotunda, before it can be considered as a n...

Research paper thumbnail of INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND CHEMICAL SCIENCES Anti-microbial Constituents From Leaves of Glyptopetalum calocarpum (Kurz.) Prain

Phytochemical investigation of MeOH extract of Glyptopetalum calocarpum (Kurz.) Prain leaves led ... more Phytochemical investigation of MeOH extract of Glyptopetalum calocarpum (Kurz.) Prain leaves led to the isolation of six known triterpenes (1-6). Occurrences of these compounds are reported for the first time from the leaves of Glyptopetalum calocarpum. The compounds were identified and characterized on the basis of various spectral techniques including 1D, Mass, and IR spectral data. In addition, these compounds was tested against selected human pathogens, E.coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa. INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants have been harvested from the wild since health care system in many rural communities because of its effectiveness, lack of modern medical alternatives and cultural preferences

Research paper thumbnail of Anti-leptospiral activities of an endemic plant Glyptopetalum calocarpum (Kurz.) Prain used as a medicinal plant by Nicobarese of Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Natural product research, Jan 6, 2014

Leaves of an endemic plant Glyptopetalum calocarpum are used by Nicobarese tribes of Andaman and ... more Leaves of an endemic plant Glyptopetalum calocarpum are used by Nicobarese tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, to prepare traditional medicine for treating fever. In the present investigation, pharmacologically active compounds were isolated from this plant and their antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated against the leptospiral strains. The anti-leptospiral activity of six plant-derived compounds was determined by both microdilution and macrodilution methods. Two out of six compounds, namely lupenone and stigmasterol, showed anti-leptospiral activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the two compounds tested against pathogenic leptospiral strains belonging to 10 serovars were in the range of 100-200 μg/mL. The range of minimum bactericidal concentrations was 400-800 μg/mL. Compounds lupenone, stigmasterol, lupeol, β-amyrin and β-amyrin acetate had negligible or no haemolytic activity, exhibiting IC50 values of greater than 5 mg/mL. Further in vivo studies are needed...

Research paper thumbnail of In-vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of selected medicinal plants used by the indigenous tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

Research paper thumbnail of Antimalarial efficacy of nine medicinal plants traditionally used by the Karens of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

The aim of this study was to assess the antimalarial activity of nine medicinal plants used by Ka... more The aim of this study was to assess the antimalarial activity of nine medicinal plants used by Karens of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-sensitive MRC-2 isolate. The methanol extracts were obtained by cold percolation method and in vitro antimalarial activity was assessed using M-III method. The results indicated that out of nine plant species tested, four plants, viz., Z. spectabilis, S. wallichiana, C. pulcherrima and Amomum sp. demonstrated significant antimalarial activity (50% inhibitory concentration values were 5.5 ± 0.7, 12.0 ± 2.5, 14.6 ± 1.3 and 37.3 ± 2.5 μg/mL respectively) with no toxicity effect on erythrocytes.

Research paper thumbnail of GC/MS profiling, in vitro antileptospiral and haemolytic activities of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. used as a medicinal plant by Nicobarese of Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Leaves of the plant Boesenbergia rotunda are used by the Nicobarese tribe of Andaman and Nicobar ... more Leaves of the plant Boesenbergia rotunda are used by the Nicobarese tribe of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, to prepare traditional medicine for treating fever, headache and body ache. In the present investigation, methanol fraction of these leaves were analysed by GC/MS that revealed the presence of 25 compounds. The anti-leptospiral activity of methanol crude extract was determined by both microdilution and macrodilution methods. The MICs of the extract were tested against 24 pathogenic leptospiral strains and ranged between 62.5–125 mg/mL in both microdilution and macrodilution. The range of MBCs was 250 and 500 mg/mL in macrodilution and microdilution respectively. The crude extract was subjected to cytotoxic studies and found to have negligible or no haemolytic activity, exhibiting IC50 values of greater than 4 mg/mL. Further in vivo studies are needed to investigate the pharmacological and toxicological properties of Boesenbergia rotunda, before it can be considered as a new anti-leptospiral agent.

Research paper thumbnail of Anti-leptospiral activities of an endemic plant Glyptopetalum calocarpum (Kurz.) Prain used as a medicinal plant by Nicobarese of Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Leaves of an endemic plant Glyptopetalum calocarpum are used by Nicobarese tribes of Andaman and ... more Leaves of an endemic plant Glyptopetalum calocarpum are used by Nicobarese tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, to prepare traditional medicine for treating fever. In the present investigation, pharmacologically active compounds were isolated from this plant and their antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated against the leptospiral strains. The anti-leptospiral activity of six plant-derived compounds was determined by both microdilution and macrodilution methods. Two out of six compounds, namely lupenone and stigmasterol, showed anti-leptospiral activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the two compounds tested against pathogenic leptospiral strains belonging to 10 serovars were in the range of 100–200 μg/mL. The range of minimum bactericidal concentrations was 400–800 μg/mL. Compounds lupenone, stigmasterol, lupeol, β-amyrin and β-amyrin acetate had negligible or no haemolytic activity, exhibiting IC50 values of greater than 5 mg/mL. Further in vivo studies are needed to investigate the pharmacological and toxicological properties of G. calocarpum before it can be considered as a new anti-leptospiral agent.

Research paper thumbnail of Medicinal Plants Used by the Nicobarese Inhabiting Little Nicobar Island of the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India

Background: This study is an attempt to document the medicinal plants used by the tribal communit... more Background: This study is an attempt to document the medicinal plants used by the tribal community of the Little Nicobar Island. . Despite modern healthcare facilities, tribals often consume medicinal herbs, with Traditional Knowledge Practitioners (TKPs) serving as local medical experts.
Objectives: The aim is to conduct an ethnomedicinal survey among Nicobarese, whose medicinal practices are yet to be documented.
Methods: Field research was conducted in all 5 villages of the Little Nicobar Island situated in the southernmost part of the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago, during 2012-2013. Seven TKPs were interviewed using a questionnaire -guided ethnomedicinal survey protocol. The data obtained were analyzed using the informant consensus factor (ICF) and use value (UV). Voucher specimens of all the cited plant species were deposited at Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Port Blair.
Results: Uses of 34 medicinal plant species, belonging to 23 families encompassing 32 genera were recorded during the survey. These 34 species are employed to treat a total of 16 ailments. The highest ICF (1.00) was obtained for respiratory diseases. The Euphorbiaceae family exhibited the highest number of citations, and plants with the highest UVs were Glochidion calocarpum Kurz, Senna occidentalis (L.) Link, Ocimum tenuiflorum L. and Passiflora suberosa L. Of medicinal plants reported, the most common growth form were herbs. Remedies were generally prepared using water. The medicinal plant preparations were administered through topical or oral.
Interpretation and conclusions: Traditional knowledge of herbal medicines is handed down orally through generations. These plants attained a significant role under the healthcare of Nicobarese residing in the Little Nicobar Island. Efforts to ensure their documentation is necessary in order to prevent its loss, either because of natural calamities or lack of interest among younger generations in carrying out their tradition.

Research paper thumbnail of Herbal medicine & healthcare practices among Nicobarese of Nancowry group of Islands - an indigenous tribe of Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

Background & objectives: Tribal people often depend on herbal medicines and the traditional knowl... more Background & objectives: Tribal people often depend on herbal medicines and the traditional knowledge practitioners (TKPs) serve as their healthcare service providers. This study was an attempt to document the use of medicinal plants by the Nicobarese of Nancowry group of Islands.
Methods: Field survey was conducted in all the five inhabited Islands of the Nancowry group of Islands. All the TKPs were interviewed with a questionnaire-guided ethnomedicinal survey protocol. Voucher specimens of all the cited plants (botanic species) were collected and a community biodiversity register of Nicobarese of Nancowry was prepared.
Results: A total of 77 TKPs were identified, who together were using 132 medicinal plant species belonging to 113 genera and 62 families. The TKPs were treating a total of 43 ailments. Seven endemic and three rare plant species were recorded. The most common plant part used was leaves. Remedies were usually prepared using water as the excipient. Routes for administration of medicinal plant preparations were oral, topical and others. The information collected from the TKPs were collated in the form of Community Biodiversity Registers.
Interpretation & conclusions: The present survey shows that the medicinal plants play a pivotal role in the healthcare of the Nicobarese tribe of Nancowry group of Islands. Efforts to document the medicinal plant species and the formulations used by them are necessary to prevent the loss of this precious knowledge.

Research paper thumbnail of Ethnomedicinal knowledge among Karens of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India

Ethnopharmacological relevance: This study documents the use of medicinal plants by Karens of Mid... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: This study documents the use of medicinal plants by Karens of Middle Andaman, of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Inspite of the availability of modern medicines, Karens preferred herbal remedies provided by the Traditional Knowledge Practitioners (TKPs), who served as their healers. Hence, the aim of this study was to collect information from TKPs and determine the significance of plants utilized for medicinal purposes. The informant consensus factor (ICF) in relation to medicinal plants used was also estimated and analysed. Materials and Methods: Field research was conducted in three villages of Middle Andaman, inhabited by Karens, during October 2010 – February 2013. TKPs were interviewed with a questionnaire-guided ethno-medical survey protocol. The data obtained were analysed using the informant consensus factor (ICF) and use value (UV). Voucher specimens of all the cited plants were deposited at Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Port Blair. Results: Use of 78 medicinal plant species belonging to 71 genera encompassing 48 families were recorded during the survey. These plants were used to treat 38 different ailments, and divided into ten categories of use. The highest ICF value (0.79) was observed for infections and infestations. The Zingiberaceae and Fabaceae families exhibited the highest number of species, and the plants with the highest use values were Typha angustifolia L., Millingtonia hortensis L. f. and Piper betle L. The most common growth form observed were herbs (42%). Among the several plant parts used, leaves were mostly preferred for preparation of medicines. Water was the main excipient used for mixing the herbs. Conclusions: This study documents the use of medicinal plants by Karens of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of these plants need to be studied, to confirm their efficacy and safety, and determine their potential use in modern medicine.