Gunduz Ulusoy | Sabanci University (original) (raw)
Gündüz Ulusoy received his BSc in mechanical engineering from Robert College, Istanbul in 1970; an MSc in mechanical engineering from the University of Rochester in 1972 and a Ph.D. in operations research from Virginia Tech in 1975. He served in the Department of Industrial Engineering, Boğaziçi University in Istanbul as a faculty member (1976-1999) and as Head of Department (1985-1993). He also served as Vice President of Boğaziçi University (1992-1994). In 1983, he worked as a postgraduate research fellow in the Operational Research Department at Lancaster University. He spent a year on leave from Boğaziçi University in the industry. He was a member of the Executive Board of the Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Council (1993-1997) and Chairman of the Executive Board of the Marmara Research Center (1995-1997). He served on the Executive Board of the Turkish Quality Association (1998-2002) and chaired its Quality Award Committee (1998-2002). He also served on the Board of Boğaziçi University Alumni Association (1988-1991) and the Board of Elginkan Foundation (1994-2000). He is a founding member of the Science Foundation and the Turkish Informatics Foundation.
In 1999 he joined the Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences at Sabancı University and established the Manufacturing Systems Engineering Program. He founded and became the Co-Coordinator of the Leaders for Industry Program (2001-2004). He founded the TUSIAD-Sabancı University Competitiveness Forum and served as its Director (2003-2008). He was a member of the Standing Committee on Sustainable Competitiveness of the Manufacturing Industry established by the Office of the Prime Minister of Turkey (2007-2010). Since 2015 he has served as an Emeritus Professor at Sabancı University.
He received Teaching Awards at Boğaziçi University and Sabancı University.
In collaboration with TUSIAD and the related Trade Associations, he studied competitive strategies and sectoral benchmarking in the Turkish automotive, cement, electronics, white goods, and machine manufacturing industries. He researched technology and new product development management in the Turkish automotive parts and components industry and on the new product development capability of the Turkish electronics industry. As a UNICE Competitiveness Working Group member in Brussels, he contributed to its competitiveness, entrepreneurship, and innovation research.
His primary research areas are competitiveness, innovation, digitalization and manufacturing strategies, and project management and scheduling. He has published research articles in Interfaces, Operations Research, Journal of the Operational Research Society, European Journal of Operational Research, International Journal of Production Economics, International Journal of Production Research, IIE Transactions, International Journal of Production and Operations Management, Journal of Operations Management, Naval Research Logistics, Computers & OR, and Frontiers of Engineering Management.
He was an Associate Editor of the European Journal of Operational Research (1981-2000), and Contributing Editor to the International Abstracts in Operational Research (1978-1992), Chief Editor of the Turkish Journal of Operational Research (1983-1985), and served as the Guest Editor for several academic journals.
In 2021, the textbook he co-authored with Öncü Hazır and titled An Introduction to Project Modeling and Planning was published by Springer Nature.
Phone: +905327605968
Address: Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Cad. No 27 Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
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Papers by Gunduz Ulusoy
This study has been performed as a project management process improvement project in the R&D Depa... more This study has been performed as a project management process improvement project in the R&D Department of a leading white goods manufacturer in Turkey.
Moving Forward: Assessment of Competitive Strategies, Business Excellence and Technology Manageme... more Moving Forward: Assessment of Competitive Strategies, Business Excellence and Technology Management in the Turkish Manufacturing Industry: A Benchmarking Study aims to explore the state of business excellence in the manufacturing industry in Turkey and to draw some conclusions concerning possible near future developments. It is based on several sectoral benchmarking studies conducted in the manufacturing industries in Turkey. Business excellence is about competition at the company level and thus needs to be studied in the context of competition. Among the various approaches used in the studies on competitiveness, the engineering approach provides a different means of describing and measuring competitiveness. It defines the companies' capacity to compete as their ability to search for, identify, and assimilate best practices. Best practices are defined as the industry, country, or worldwide practices related to customer focus, quality, flexibility, cost, innovation, and responsiveness that yield superior performance. The continuous effort of seeking best Competitive Priorities Manufacturing Objectives Consistent quality level Decrease unit cost Reliable products Increase market share Low price Increase conformance quality Rapid design change /new product introduction Decrease new product development time Dependable deliveries. Increase production rate Action Plans Quality Production Organization TQM Just-in-time production Restructuring Zero defect Production automation Employee empowerment Quality certificates for products Aligning customer needs and product development Quality improvement teams Developing new processes for new products
In this paper, we present part of a study on stochastic, dynamic project scheduling in an R&D Dep... more In this paper, we present part of a study on stochastic, dynamic project scheduling in an R&D Department of a leading home appliances company in Turkey. The problem under consideration is the preemptive resource constrained multi-project scheduling problem with generalized precedence relations in a stochastic and dynamic environment. The model consists of three phases. Phase I of the model provides a systematic approach to assess uncertainty resulting in activity deviation distributions. In Phase II, proactive project scheduling is accomplished through two different scheduling approaches, which employ a bi-objective genetic algorithm. Phase III is the reactive project scheduling phase aiming at rescheduling the disrupted project activities. Here, we will limit our presentation to Phase II-the proactive project scheduling phase. The procedure is demonstrated through an implementation with real data covering 37 R&D projects. Computational study is performed to compare the two different scheduling approaches called single and multi-project scheduling approaches, as well as two different chromosome evaluation heuristics. Results are presented and discussed.
Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) has been studied extensively by researche... more Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) has been studied extensively by researchers by considering limited renewable and non-renewable resources. Several exact and heuristic methods have been proposed. Some important extensions of RCPSP such as multi-mode RCPSP, multi-objective RCPSP and multi-project RCPSP have also been focused. In this study, we consider multi-project and multi-objective resource constrained project scheduling problem. As a solution method, nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is adopted. By experimenting with different crossover and parent selection mechanisms, a detailed finetuning process is conducted, in which response surface optimization method is employed. In order to improve the solution quality, backward-forward pass (BFP) procedure is proposed as both post-processing as well as for new population generation. The performance of the algorithm and CPU times are reported. The results show that backward-forward pass procedure is successful to improve the solution quality.
European Journal of Operational Research, Dec 1, 2000
... An equitable approach to the payment scheduling problem in project management. Pages 262-278.... more ... An equitable approach to the payment scheduling problem in project management. Pages 262-278. Gündüz Ulusoy and Serkan Cebelli. The impact of resource flexibility and staffing decisions on cellular and departmental shop performance. Pages 279-296. John B. Jensen. ...
Abstract The objective in strategic airlift is to minimize the maximum mission time among the air... more Abstract The objective in strategic airlift is to minimize the maximum mission time among the airplanes taking part in the transportation of troops and equipment from their origin to their destination points. The problem is a bottleneck routing problem. The airplanes are taken to be identical and loads are expressed in full plane loads. The initial positions of the airplanes are given and the final positions are set free. Flight times and loading and unloading times are assumed to be deterministic. Each airbase has a handling capacity. An exact solution procedure consisting of three phases is developed. First, an upper bound on the length of the routes is generated by a heuristic procedure. Then all the possible routes observing the above bound and a dominance relationship are generated. Finally, a specialized set partitioning algorithm is applied to the set of routes. A capacity check is performed on the optimal solution to modify it, if necessary. Computational results and further extensions are discussed.
... Örneğin, fizikte bütün konuları kapsamaktansa üç ana kavram üzerinde durulur: sorunu matemati... more ... Örneğin, fizikte bütün konuları kapsamaktansa üç ana kavram üzerinde durulur: sorunu matematik diline dönüştürme, belirli bir ... Đnsan hakları, yoksulluğun önlenmesi, çevrenin korunması, şiddetin önlenmesi gibi sosyoekonomik ve politik konularda insanlığın teknolojik ...
One quarter to half of the manufacturing companies in different Western European countries perfor... more One quarter to half of the manufacturing companies in different Western European countries performed offshoring of production activities in 2002 or 2003. In Eastern Europe production offshoring is rather uncommon. Surprisingly, it is not an over-proportionally frequent phenomenon in countries with the highest labour costs in Western Europe. Attempts to reduce the costs of production factors are still the dominating motive, but factors such as market opening, vicinity to key customers or securing the ability to supply locally are important, too. However, production offshoring is not necessarily an irreversible one-way process. Varying from country to country, every second to sixth offshoring company is countered by a backsourcing company. The ten new EU-member countries, Eastern Europe and Asia are the most attractive target regions for cost driven offshoring activities. Market and customer oriented offshoring activities are predominantly targeted at Northern America and Asia, whereas Western Europe seems to be attractive for compensating for capacity bottlenecks or as source for new technologies. An analysis of the characteristics of offshoring companies shows that it is predominantly larger companies with a high share of very old products in turnover, hence with only slight improvement potentials in the underlying mature production processes, who tend to offshore parts of their production.
European Journal of Operational Research, Dec 1, 2000
This study reports on a new approach to the payment scheduling problem. In this approach, the amo... more This study reports on a new approach to the payment scheduling problem. In this approach, the amount and timing of the payments made by the client and received by the contractor are determined so as to achieve an equitable solution. An equitable solution is defined as one where both the contractor and the client deviate from their respective ideal solutions by an equal percentage. The ideal solutions for the contractor and the client result from having a lump sum payment at the start and end of the project respectively. A double loop genetic algorithm is proposed to solve for an equitable solution. The outer loop represents the client and the inner loop the contractor. The inner loop corresponds to a multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem with the objective of maximizing the contractor's net present value for a given payment distribution. When searching for an equitable solution, information flows between the outer and inner loops regarding the payment distribution over the event nodes and the timing of these payments. An example problem is solved and analyzed. A set of 93 problems from the literature are solved and some computational results are reported.
Page 1. 1 TÜSĐAD-Sabancı Üniversitesi Rekabet Forumu Đmalat Sanayiinde Yenilik Araştırması 2006/0... more Page 1. 1 TÜSĐAD-Sabancı Üniversitesi Rekabet Forumu Đmalat Sanayiinde Yenilik Araştırması 2006/07 REF Rapor 10/2007 Hande Yeğenoğlu Gündüz Ulusoy Aralık 2007 2007 Page 2. 2 TÜSĐAD-Sabancı Üniversitesi Rekabet Forumu ...
International Journal of Production Economics, Dec 1, 2003
This paper aims at assessing the supply chain and innovation management in the manufacturing indu... more This paper aims at assessing the supply chain and innovation management in the manufacturing industries in Turkey on an empirical basis. The assessments presented are based on parts of the data and information collected through the execution of the Competitive Strategies and Best Practices Benchmarking Questionnaire in 82 companies from four sectors of the manufacturing industries in Turkey. Results of these sectoral benchmarking studies reported elsewhere indicate the need of adopting product differentiation particularly through more knowledge intensive products as the dominant competitive strategy and also the need for improvement in various areas of supply chain as well as innovation management. In this paper, these issues are analysed through the survey results and some conclusions are drawn. Several policy measures applicable in near future are suggested for improving the areas found in need of improvement.
European Journal of Operational Research, Dec 1, 1985
There have been several attempts to solve the capacitated arc routing problem with m vehicles sta... more There have been several attempts to solve the capacitated arc routing problem with m vehicles starting their tours from a central node. The objective has been to minimize the total distance travelled. In the problem treated here we also have the fixed costs of the vehicles included in the objective functio'a. A set of vehicle capacities with their respective costs are used. Thus the objective function becomes a combination of fixed and variable costs. The solution procedure consists of four phases. In the first phase, a Chinese or rural postman problem is solved depending on whether all or some of the arcs in the network demand service with the objective of minimizing the total distance travdled. It results in a tour called the giant tour, in the second phase, the giant tour is partitioned into single vehicle subtours feasible with respect to the constraints. A new network is constructed with the node set corresponding to the arcs of the giant tour and with the arc set consisting of the subtours of the giant tour. The arc costs include both the fixed and variable costs of the subtours. The ~hird phase consists of solving the shortest path problem on this new network to result in the least cost ~e~ cff subtour0~ ~epresented on the new network. In the last phase a postprocessor is applied to the solution to improve it. The procedure is repeated for different giant lours to impro,, ; the final solution. The problem is extended to the case where there can he upper bounds on the number o vehicles with given capacities using a branch and hound method. Extension to Jirected network~ is given. ~ dine computational results are reported.
Interfaces, Apr 1, 1992
We developed a computer-aided process planning system for a firm manufacturing domestic appliance... more We developed a computer-aided process planning system for a firm manufacturing domestic appliances and integrated it with the existing MRP system. The system has completely replaced the previous manual system and has led to an increase in computer applications in the firm's engineering departments.
Industry and higher education, Dec 1, 1996
Here we consider a bi-objective, multi-project, multi-mode, resource-constrained projectschedulin... more Here we consider a bi-objective, multi-project, multi-mode, resource-constrained projectscheduling problem. The objectives were to minimize the makespan, minimize the mean of the flow times for individual projects, minimize the mean completion times for individual projects and maximize the total net present value of all projects. As a solution method, we used the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). To improve NSGA-II, a backward-forward pass (BFP) procedure was proposed for post-processing and for new population generation. Different alternatives for implementing BFP were tested with the results reported for different objective function combinations. To increase diversity, an injection procedure was introduced and implemented. Both the BFP and injection procedures led to improved objective function values. Moreover, the injection procedure generated a significantly higher number of nondominated solutions with more diversity. A detailed fine-tuning process was conducted by employing a response surface optimization method. An extensive computational study was performed. Managerial insights are presented.
İmalat Sanayiinde Yenilik Araştırması; Karlsruhe, Almanya'da bulunan Fraunhofer Institute for... more İmalat Sanayiinde Yenilik Araştırması; Karlsruhe, Almanya'da bulunan Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (Fraunhofer ISI) tarafından 1993 yılında Alman imalat sanayii bünyesinde başlatılmıştır. O tarihten bu yana Almanya'da her iki senede bir ...
This study has been performed as a project management process improvement project in the R&D Depa... more This study has been performed as a project management process improvement project in the R&D Department of a leading white goods manufacturer in Turkey.
Moving Forward: Assessment of Competitive Strategies, Business Excellence and Technology Manageme... more Moving Forward: Assessment of Competitive Strategies, Business Excellence and Technology Management in the Turkish Manufacturing Industry: A Benchmarking Study aims to explore the state of business excellence in the manufacturing industry in Turkey and to draw some conclusions concerning possible near future developments. It is based on several sectoral benchmarking studies conducted in the manufacturing industries in Turkey. Business excellence is about competition at the company level and thus needs to be studied in the context of competition. Among the various approaches used in the studies on competitiveness, the engineering approach provides a different means of describing and measuring competitiveness. It defines the companies' capacity to compete as their ability to search for, identify, and assimilate best practices. Best practices are defined as the industry, country, or worldwide practices related to customer focus, quality, flexibility, cost, innovation, and responsiveness that yield superior performance. The continuous effort of seeking best Competitive Priorities Manufacturing Objectives Consistent quality level Decrease unit cost Reliable products Increase market share Low price Increase conformance quality Rapid design change /new product introduction Decrease new product development time Dependable deliveries. Increase production rate Action Plans Quality Production Organization TQM Just-in-time production Restructuring Zero defect Production automation Employee empowerment Quality certificates for products Aligning customer needs and product development Quality improvement teams Developing new processes for new products
In this paper, we present part of a study on stochastic, dynamic project scheduling in an R&D Dep... more In this paper, we present part of a study on stochastic, dynamic project scheduling in an R&D Department of a leading home appliances company in Turkey. The problem under consideration is the preemptive resource constrained multi-project scheduling problem with generalized precedence relations in a stochastic and dynamic environment. The model consists of three phases. Phase I of the model provides a systematic approach to assess uncertainty resulting in activity deviation distributions. In Phase II, proactive project scheduling is accomplished through two different scheduling approaches, which employ a bi-objective genetic algorithm. Phase III is the reactive project scheduling phase aiming at rescheduling the disrupted project activities. Here, we will limit our presentation to Phase II-the proactive project scheduling phase. The procedure is demonstrated through an implementation with real data covering 37 R&D projects. Computational study is performed to compare the two different scheduling approaches called single and multi-project scheduling approaches, as well as two different chromosome evaluation heuristics. Results are presented and discussed.
Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) has been studied extensively by researche... more Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) has been studied extensively by researchers by considering limited renewable and non-renewable resources. Several exact and heuristic methods have been proposed. Some important extensions of RCPSP such as multi-mode RCPSP, multi-objective RCPSP and multi-project RCPSP have also been focused. In this study, we consider multi-project and multi-objective resource constrained project scheduling problem. As a solution method, nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is adopted. By experimenting with different crossover and parent selection mechanisms, a detailed finetuning process is conducted, in which response surface optimization method is employed. In order to improve the solution quality, backward-forward pass (BFP) procedure is proposed as both post-processing as well as for new population generation. The performance of the algorithm and CPU times are reported. The results show that backward-forward pass procedure is successful to improve the solution quality.
European Journal of Operational Research, Dec 1, 2000
... An equitable approach to the payment scheduling problem in project management. Pages 262-278.... more ... An equitable approach to the payment scheduling problem in project management. Pages 262-278. Gündüz Ulusoy and Serkan Cebelli. The impact of resource flexibility and staffing decisions on cellular and departmental shop performance. Pages 279-296. John B. Jensen. ...
Abstract The objective in strategic airlift is to minimize the maximum mission time among the air... more Abstract The objective in strategic airlift is to minimize the maximum mission time among the airplanes taking part in the transportation of troops and equipment from their origin to their destination points. The problem is a bottleneck routing problem. The airplanes are taken to be identical and loads are expressed in full plane loads. The initial positions of the airplanes are given and the final positions are set free. Flight times and loading and unloading times are assumed to be deterministic. Each airbase has a handling capacity. An exact solution procedure consisting of three phases is developed. First, an upper bound on the length of the routes is generated by a heuristic procedure. Then all the possible routes observing the above bound and a dominance relationship are generated. Finally, a specialized set partitioning algorithm is applied to the set of routes. A capacity check is performed on the optimal solution to modify it, if necessary. Computational results and further extensions are discussed.
... Örneğin, fizikte bütün konuları kapsamaktansa üç ana kavram üzerinde durulur: sorunu matemati... more ... Örneğin, fizikte bütün konuları kapsamaktansa üç ana kavram üzerinde durulur: sorunu matematik diline dönüştürme, belirli bir ... Đnsan hakları, yoksulluğun önlenmesi, çevrenin korunması, şiddetin önlenmesi gibi sosyoekonomik ve politik konularda insanlığın teknolojik ...
One quarter to half of the manufacturing companies in different Western European countries perfor... more One quarter to half of the manufacturing companies in different Western European countries performed offshoring of production activities in 2002 or 2003. In Eastern Europe production offshoring is rather uncommon. Surprisingly, it is not an over-proportionally frequent phenomenon in countries with the highest labour costs in Western Europe. Attempts to reduce the costs of production factors are still the dominating motive, but factors such as market opening, vicinity to key customers or securing the ability to supply locally are important, too. However, production offshoring is not necessarily an irreversible one-way process. Varying from country to country, every second to sixth offshoring company is countered by a backsourcing company. The ten new EU-member countries, Eastern Europe and Asia are the most attractive target regions for cost driven offshoring activities. Market and customer oriented offshoring activities are predominantly targeted at Northern America and Asia, whereas Western Europe seems to be attractive for compensating for capacity bottlenecks or as source for new technologies. An analysis of the characteristics of offshoring companies shows that it is predominantly larger companies with a high share of very old products in turnover, hence with only slight improvement potentials in the underlying mature production processes, who tend to offshore parts of their production.
European Journal of Operational Research, Dec 1, 2000
This study reports on a new approach to the payment scheduling problem. In this approach, the amo... more This study reports on a new approach to the payment scheduling problem. In this approach, the amount and timing of the payments made by the client and received by the contractor are determined so as to achieve an equitable solution. An equitable solution is defined as one where both the contractor and the client deviate from their respective ideal solutions by an equal percentage. The ideal solutions for the contractor and the client result from having a lump sum payment at the start and end of the project respectively. A double loop genetic algorithm is proposed to solve for an equitable solution. The outer loop represents the client and the inner loop the contractor. The inner loop corresponds to a multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem with the objective of maximizing the contractor's net present value for a given payment distribution. When searching for an equitable solution, information flows between the outer and inner loops regarding the payment distribution over the event nodes and the timing of these payments. An example problem is solved and analyzed. A set of 93 problems from the literature are solved and some computational results are reported.
Page 1. 1 TÜSĐAD-Sabancı Üniversitesi Rekabet Forumu Đmalat Sanayiinde Yenilik Araştırması 2006/0... more Page 1. 1 TÜSĐAD-Sabancı Üniversitesi Rekabet Forumu Đmalat Sanayiinde Yenilik Araştırması 2006/07 REF Rapor 10/2007 Hande Yeğenoğlu Gündüz Ulusoy Aralık 2007 2007 Page 2. 2 TÜSĐAD-Sabancı Üniversitesi Rekabet Forumu ...
International Journal of Production Economics, Dec 1, 2003
This paper aims at assessing the supply chain and innovation management in the manufacturing indu... more This paper aims at assessing the supply chain and innovation management in the manufacturing industries in Turkey on an empirical basis. The assessments presented are based on parts of the data and information collected through the execution of the Competitive Strategies and Best Practices Benchmarking Questionnaire in 82 companies from four sectors of the manufacturing industries in Turkey. Results of these sectoral benchmarking studies reported elsewhere indicate the need of adopting product differentiation particularly through more knowledge intensive products as the dominant competitive strategy and also the need for improvement in various areas of supply chain as well as innovation management. In this paper, these issues are analysed through the survey results and some conclusions are drawn. Several policy measures applicable in near future are suggested for improving the areas found in need of improvement.
European Journal of Operational Research, Dec 1, 1985
There have been several attempts to solve the capacitated arc routing problem with m vehicles sta... more There have been several attempts to solve the capacitated arc routing problem with m vehicles starting their tours from a central node. The objective has been to minimize the total distance travelled. In the problem treated here we also have the fixed costs of the vehicles included in the objective functio'a. A set of vehicle capacities with their respective costs are used. Thus the objective function becomes a combination of fixed and variable costs. The solution procedure consists of four phases. In the first phase, a Chinese or rural postman problem is solved depending on whether all or some of the arcs in the network demand service with the objective of minimizing the total distance travdled. It results in a tour called the giant tour, in the second phase, the giant tour is partitioned into single vehicle subtours feasible with respect to the constraints. A new network is constructed with the node set corresponding to the arcs of the giant tour and with the arc set consisting of the subtours of the giant tour. The arc costs include both the fixed and variable costs of the subtours. The ~hird phase consists of solving the shortest path problem on this new network to result in the least cost ~e~ cff subtour0~ ~epresented on the new network. In the last phase a postprocessor is applied to the solution to improve it. The procedure is repeated for different giant lours to impro,, ; the final solution. The problem is extended to the case where there can he upper bounds on the number o vehicles with given capacities using a branch and hound method. Extension to Jirected network~ is given. ~ dine computational results are reported.
Interfaces, Apr 1, 1992
We developed a computer-aided process planning system for a firm manufacturing domestic appliance... more We developed a computer-aided process planning system for a firm manufacturing domestic appliances and integrated it with the existing MRP system. The system has completely replaced the previous manual system and has led to an increase in computer applications in the firm's engineering departments.
Industry and higher education, Dec 1, 1996
Here we consider a bi-objective, multi-project, multi-mode, resource-constrained projectschedulin... more Here we consider a bi-objective, multi-project, multi-mode, resource-constrained projectscheduling problem. The objectives were to minimize the makespan, minimize the mean of the flow times for individual projects, minimize the mean completion times for individual projects and maximize the total net present value of all projects. As a solution method, we used the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). To improve NSGA-II, a backward-forward pass (BFP) procedure was proposed for post-processing and for new population generation. Different alternatives for implementing BFP were tested with the results reported for different objective function combinations. To increase diversity, an injection procedure was introduced and implemented. Both the BFP and injection procedures led to improved objective function values. Moreover, the injection procedure generated a significantly higher number of nondominated solutions with more diversity. A detailed fine-tuning process was conducted by employing a response surface optimization method. An extensive computational study was performed. Managerial insights are presented.
İmalat Sanayiinde Yenilik Araştırması; Karlsruhe, Almanya'da bulunan Fraunhofer Institute for... more İmalat Sanayiinde Yenilik Araştırması; Karlsruhe, Almanya'da bulunan Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (Fraunhofer ISI) tarafından 1993 yılında Alman imalat sanayii bünyesinde başlatılmıştır. O tarihten bu yana Almanya'da her iki senede bir ...