Niloofar Razavi | Shahid Beheshti University (original) (raw)
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Papers by Niloofar Razavi
This study aims to investigate the alteration of land use land cover (LULC) change and its respon... more This study aims to investigate the alteration of land use land cover (LULC) change and its response to change in land surface temperature (LST) and heat island phenomena of a rural district of Farim in the north of Iran from 1990 to 2020 using multi-date Landsat data. The LULC result suggests that most land cover type changes are dedicated to bare land with a 24.83 km2 gain (+80.87%). The result demonstrates that the main changing factors of the bare land are population/precipitation and temperature/population. Additionally, the effect of LULC change on seasonal LST and urban heat island (UHI) is also analyzed in this study. The result witnessed a significant rise of LST in both the summer and winter seasons of about 12.87 °C and 14.2 °C, respectively. The urban thermal field variance index (UTFVI) shows the strongest zone in the central area and no UTFVI zone in the surrounding region.
The pressures of the industrial development and the interactions of humans and environment consta... more The pressures of the industrial development and the interactions of humans and environment constantly strain coastal landscapes. As a resolution, documenting the authentic conditions of landscapes, as well as their changing character, is suggested as a monitoring and safeguarding strategy for sustainability of all landscapes, including coastal landscapes. In that regard, this paper describes a method for classifying coastal landscape characters in Sartol costal area in Bushehr, Iran, with special emphasis on the geomorphological features. The emphasis of geomorphological features of the landscape is meant to raise the awareness in the local community on the one hand, and is a measure to control the possible negative changes imposed by the developments of the site. Starting from a review of relevant theories of landscape classification, this approach examines the important and necessary steps in the documentation of landscape character, and continues to test the method in organizing ...
Persian Paradises at Peril, 2021
Persian Paradises at Peril, 2021
The public pleasure walks in historic urban landscapes, often in form of ceremonial avenues, have... more The public pleasure walks in historic urban landscapes, often in form of ceremonial avenues, have had many examples in historic cities throughout the world. Some of the most famous examples of these pleasure avenues have survived in the cities of the Middle East and Central Asia, and have been studied extensively. However, the studies often focus on the corporeal characteristics of these avenues. Notwithstanding the value of such morphological inquiries, they often neglect the properties related to the social dynamics and their impact on the cultural character and mode of survival in these urban features. Therefore, it seems only logical to both deepen and broaden the enquiries to examine the social aspects of historic examples in this region. In hope of revealing the attributes that maintained the cultural character of these urban elements, this article concentrates on social dynamics and spatiotemporal sensitivity of their context. Accordingly, the study proceeds by reviewing the ...
RI vista Journal (DIDI), 2017
Lo sviluppo industriale e, più generalmente, le interazioni uomo-ambiente pongono i paesag-gi cos... more Lo sviluppo industriale e, più generalmente, le interazioni uomo-ambiente pongono i paesag-gi costieri in un costante stato di pressione. La documentazione delle condizioni del paesaggio e dei suoi caratteri rappresenta una strategia importante per la sostenibilità di tutti i paesaggi, compresi quelli costieri. Questo contributo descrive un metodo per la classificazione dei carat-teri del paesaggio costiero lungo la costa di Sartol, in Bushehr, Iran, con un'enfasi particolare sui caratteri geomorfologici. Tale strumento è concepito, da una parte, per accrescere la consapevo-lezza delle comunità locali rispetto a caratteri e valori paesaggistici, dall'altra, per controllare le possibili trasformazioni negative del paesaggio. A partire da una rassegna critica delle principali teorie sulla classificazione del paesaggio, questo contributo riporta i passi necessari per una ca-ratterizzazione del paesaggio e testa il metodo proposto lungo a costa di Sartol, definendo un inventario...
The inclination of Qajarid kings in establishing both urban and suburban gardens, attests to thei... more The inclination of Qajarid kings in establishing both urban and suburban gardens, attests to their preference both a rural as well as an urban lifestyle. Although these gardens were found all over the Iranian territory at the time, the number, the scale, and the intricate design of gardens created in the Qajarid capital Tehran, surpassed those of all the other cities. By the end of Naser al-Din Shah's rule, there were more than 80 gardens inside the city and almost 35 gardens outside the city walls. There is evidence that suggests the royal family favored the suburban gardens, and many of the urban gardens were actually residences and not mere places of leisure for the nobility. The insistence of the royal family in keeping their suburban pleasure gardens meant that with the urban sprawl many of these gardens experienced a state of neglect, or a change of function. One such case is the Lalezar Garden. Presumed to have been an ancient garden dating back to the Safavid era, it was reused as a royal garden close to the city during the Fath-Ali Shah's reign (1797-1834 AD). However, by the end of the nineteenth century, it had undergone a series of conversions including a royal pleasure garden, a guesthouse for foreign envoys, and even a menagerie. The remaining documents describe Lalezar as an ensemble of several consecutive gardens, all under the same name, but encompassing several pavilions (kooshks) arranged over an elongated north-south axis. The dimensions of the main axis, as well as the arrangement of the pavilions along the axis are a certain evidence for a discernment of extended vistas during this era. This chapter provides a review of diverse data available and focuses on an analysis of proportion and geometric composition of landscape elements, which is exclusive to this era and discontinued with the disappearance of these gardens.
Persian Paradises at Peril, 2021
As an ancient city, Tabriz is a sophisticated case of historic transformation. Within the urban h... more As an ancient city, Tabriz is a sophisticated case of historic transformation. Within the urban heritage bearing of Tabriz, the Bazaar is an exceptional example in demonstrating the struggle, balance, and integration of change in the passage of time. Despite periods of neglect and damages caused by earthquakes, floods, fire, and looting, development of the Bazaar has never ceased. Moreover, the Bazaar has retained its role as one of the most important economic centres in the country-a role which it continues to play due to the adaptations of the physical characteristics of the complex to the changing commercial and economic trends of society. Suffice to say that its recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage property in 2010 was justified due to its conditions of authenticity and its preserved integrity. This chapter examines the composition of the Bazaar and its evolution with an emphasis on the historic evolution of the Bazaar. It reveals differing functional needs, as well as the manner in which those needs were responded to. Layers of social life and the system of multistakeholder governance are reviewed to present an alternative view into the ways that the Bazaar has adapted to change in its long and continuing life. Since the concept of connections and interconnections has many modes of realization, this research presents a holistic interpretation of the Bazaar's capacity to accept and integrate different modes of connections. The often-controversial issue of connections between the historic structures and new developments are studied. This evaluation allows for a comparison between the Bazaar's internal composition and programming of the new extensions with those of the traditional structures. Finally, the chapter presents possible answers to two crucial questions concerning the Bazaar of Tabriz; what are the limits of acceptable change for this urban heritage, and more importantly, what types of change can be allowed without the risk of losing the integrity of its layered life.
As humans, we have an intrinsic need to perceive the impact of our presence on the environment, a... more As humans, we have an intrinsic need to perceive the impact of our presence on the environment, and the freedom to leave an imprint. Supple landscape is a term chosen to name open spaces that allow and invite intervention by the users. There are many historical and contemporary examples of human urge to communicate with the environment through expressive changes and imprints, some of which are reviewed in this article. In spite of these evidences, in many developing countries, the need to address the expressive needs of individuals in urban landscape has never been fully realized. The aloof objective stance of many planners and designers in these countries, and the willingness to create a good-for-all landscape, often results in places with minimum flexibility for diverse needs of individuals. The concept of changeability, and the affordance of a landscape to accommodate this concept, is introduced as a design and planning strategy. Examples of Supple landscapes, as places with inbuilt or bestowed affordance for change, are analyzed. Furthermore, different manifestations of the need for changeability in landscape are presented with Iranian and international examples. The examples are categorized under ephemeral expressions, recurrent changes of setting, and sporadic interventions.
This study aims to investigate the alteration of land use land cover (LULC) change and its respon... more This study aims to investigate the alteration of land use land cover (LULC) change and its response to change in land surface temperature (LST) and heat island phenomena of a rural district of Farim in the north of Iran from 1990 to 2020 using multi-date Landsat data. The LULC result suggests that most land cover type changes are dedicated to bare land with a 24.83 km2 gain (+80.87%). The result demonstrates that the main changing factors of the bare land are population/precipitation and temperature/population. Additionally, the effect of LULC change on seasonal LST and urban heat island (UHI) is also analyzed in this study. The result witnessed a significant rise of LST in both the summer and winter seasons of about 12.87 °C and 14.2 °C, respectively. The urban thermal field variance index (UTFVI) shows the strongest zone in the central area and no UTFVI zone in the surrounding region.
The pressures of the industrial development and the interactions of humans and environment consta... more The pressures of the industrial development and the interactions of humans and environment constantly strain coastal landscapes. As a resolution, documenting the authentic conditions of landscapes, as well as their changing character, is suggested as a monitoring and safeguarding strategy for sustainability of all landscapes, including coastal landscapes. In that regard, this paper describes a method for classifying coastal landscape characters in Sartol costal area in Bushehr, Iran, with special emphasis on the geomorphological features. The emphasis of geomorphological features of the landscape is meant to raise the awareness in the local community on the one hand, and is a measure to control the possible negative changes imposed by the developments of the site. Starting from a review of relevant theories of landscape classification, this approach examines the important and necessary steps in the documentation of landscape character, and continues to test the method in organizing ...
Persian Paradises at Peril, 2021
Persian Paradises at Peril, 2021
The public pleasure walks in historic urban landscapes, often in form of ceremonial avenues, have... more The public pleasure walks in historic urban landscapes, often in form of ceremonial avenues, have had many examples in historic cities throughout the world. Some of the most famous examples of these pleasure avenues have survived in the cities of the Middle East and Central Asia, and have been studied extensively. However, the studies often focus on the corporeal characteristics of these avenues. Notwithstanding the value of such morphological inquiries, they often neglect the properties related to the social dynamics and their impact on the cultural character and mode of survival in these urban features. Therefore, it seems only logical to both deepen and broaden the enquiries to examine the social aspects of historic examples in this region. In hope of revealing the attributes that maintained the cultural character of these urban elements, this article concentrates on social dynamics and spatiotemporal sensitivity of their context. Accordingly, the study proceeds by reviewing the ...
RI vista Journal (DIDI), 2017
Lo sviluppo industriale e, più generalmente, le interazioni uomo-ambiente pongono i paesag-gi cos... more Lo sviluppo industriale e, più generalmente, le interazioni uomo-ambiente pongono i paesag-gi costieri in un costante stato di pressione. La documentazione delle condizioni del paesaggio e dei suoi caratteri rappresenta una strategia importante per la sostenibilità di tutti i paesaggi, compresi quelli costieri. Questo contributo descrive un metodo per la classificazione dei carat-teri del paesaggio costiero lungo la costa di Sartol, in Bushehr, Iran, con un'enfasi particolare sui caratteri geomorfologici. Tale strumento è concepito, da una parte, per accrescere la consapevo-lezza delle comunità locali rispetto a caratteri e valori paesaggistici, dall'altra, per controllare le possibili trasformazioni negative del paesaggio. A partire da una rassegna critica delle principali teorie sulla classificazione del paesaggio, questo contributo riporta i passi necessari per una ca-ratterizzazione del paesaggio e testa il metodo proposto lungo a costa di Sartol, definendo un inventario...
The inclination of Qajarid kings in establishing both urban and suburban gardens, attests to thei... more The inclination of Qajarid kings in establishing both urban and suburban gardens, attests to their preference both a rural as well as an urban lifestyle. Although these gardens were found all over the Iranian territory at the time, the number, the scale, and the intricate design of gardens created in the Qajarid capital Tehran, surpassed those of all the other cities. By the end of Naser al-Din Shah's rule, there were more than 80 gardens inside the city and almost 35 gardens outside the city walls. There is evidence that suggests the royal family favored the suburban gardens, and many of the urban gardens were actually residences and not mere places of leisure for the nobility. The insistence of the royal family in keeping their suburban pleasure gardens meant that with the urban sprawl many of these gardens experienced a state of neglect, or a change of function. One such case is the Lalezar Garden. Presumed to have been an ancient garden dating back to the Safavid era, it was reused as a royal garden close to the city during the Fath-Ali Shah's reign (1797-1834 AD). However, by the end of the nineteenth century, it had undergone a series of conversions including a royal pleasure garden, a guesthouse for foreign envoys, and even a menagerie. The remaining documents describe Lalezar as an ensemble of several consecutive gardens, all under the same name, but encompassing several pavilions (kooshks) arranged over an elongated north-south axis. The dimensions of the main axis, as well as the arrangement of the pavilions along the axis are a certain evidence for a discernment of extended vistas during this era. This chapter provides a review of diverse data available and focuses on an analysis of proportion and geometric composition of landscape elements, which is exclusive to this era and discontinued with the disappearance of these gardens.
Persian Paradises at Peril, 2021
As an ancient city, Tabriz is a sophisticated case of historic transformation. Within the urban h... more As an ancient city, Tabriz is a sophisticated case of historic transformation. Within the urban heritage bearing of Tabriz, the Bazaar is an exceptional example in demonstrating the struggle, balance, and integration of change in the passage of time. Despite periods of neglect and damages caused by earthquakes, floods, fire, and looting, development of the Bazaar has never ceased. Moreover, the Bazaar has retained its role as one of the most important economic centres in the country-a role which it continues to play due to the adaptations of the physical characteristics of the complex to the changing commercial and economic trends of society. Suffice to say that its recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage property in 2010 was justified due to its conditions of authenticity and its preserved integrity. This chapter examines the composition of the Bazaar and its evolution with an emphasis on the historic evolution of the Bazaar. It reveals differing functional needs, as well as the manner in which those needs were responded to. Layers of social life and the system of multistakeholder governance are reviewed to present an alternative view into the ways that the Bazaar has adapted to change in its long and continuing life. Since the concept of connections and interconnections has many modes of realization, this research presents a holistic interpretation of the Bazaar's capacity to accept and integrate different modes of connections. The often-controversial issue of connections between the historic structures and new developments are studied. This evaluation allows for a comparison between the Bazaar's internal composition and programming of the new extensions with those of the traditional structures. Finally, the chapter presents possible answers to two crucial questions concerning the Bazaar of Tabriz; what are the limits of acceptable change for this urban heritage, and more importantly, what types of change can be allowed without the risk of losing the integrity of its layered life.
As humans, we have an intrinsic need to perceive the impact of our presence on the environment, a... more As humans, we have an intrinsic need to perceive the impact of our presence on the environment, and the freedom to leave an imprint. Supple landscape is a term chosen to name open spaces that allow and invite intervention by the users. There are many historical and contemporary examples of human urge to communicate with the environment through expressive changes and imprints, some of which are reviewed in this article. In spite of these evidences, in many developing countries, the need to address the expressive needs of individuals in urban landscape has never been fully realized. The aloof objective stance of many planners and designers in these countries, and the willingness to create a good-for-all landscape, often results in places with minimum flexibility for diverse needs of individuals. The concept of changeability, and the affordance of a landscape to accommodate this concept, is introduced as a design and planning strategy. Examples of Supple landscapes, as places with inbuilt or bestowed affordance for change, are analyzed. Furthermore, different manifestations of the need for changeability in landscape are presented with Iranian and international examples. The examples are categorized under ephemeral expressions, recurrent changes of setting, and sporadic interventions.