Sharoda Paul | GE Global Research (original) (raw)
Papers by Sharoda Paul
International Journal of Medical Informatics, 2009
Please cite this article in press as: M.C. Reddy, et al., Challenges to effective crisis manageme... more Please cite this article in press as: M.C. Reddy, et al., Challenges to effective crisis management: Using information and communication technologies to coordinate emergency medical services and emergency department teams, Int.
Making sense of the information found during an investigational Web search task can be daunting. ... more Making sense of the information found during an investigational Web search task can be daunting. With the recent emergence of tools to support collaborative Web search, the associated sensemaking task has become even more complex, requiring sense to be made not only of the products of a search (i.e., results found) but of the process, as well (i.e., group division of labor and decision-making).
While there has been some research on sensemaking in individual information seeking, there is lit... more While there has been some research on sensemaking in individual information seeking, there is little understanding of sensemaking in collaborative information seeking tasks, such as collaborative Web search. We conducted a study of users' sensemaking in collaborative Web search tasks performed using SearchTogether. Based on findings of this study, we designed, implemented, and evaluated a tool, CoSense, to enhance sensemaking for collaborative search tasks. The results of our evaluation of CoSense provide insight into how people collaboratively make sense of information and what design features can help them.
Decision-making is a crucial aspect of emergency response during mass casualty incidents (MCIs). ... more Decision-making is a crucial aspect of emergency response during mass casualty incidents (MCIs). MCIs require rapid decisions to be taken by geographically-dispersed teams in an environment characterized by insufficient information, ineffective collaboration and inadequate resources. Despite the increasing adoption of decision support systems in healthcare, there is limited evidence of their value in large-scale disasters. We conducted focus groups with emergency medical services and emergency department personnel who revealed that one of the main challenges in emergency response during MCIs is information management. Therefore, to alleviate the issues arising from ineffective information management, we propose R-CAST-MED, an intelligent agent architecture built on Recognition-Primed Decision-making (RPD) and Shared Mental Models (SMMs). A simulation of R-CAST-MED showed that this tool enabled efficient information management by identifying relevant information, inferring missing information and sharing information with other agents, which led to effective collaboration and coordination of tasks across teams.
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2012
Co-located collaboration can be extremely valuable during complex visual analytics tasks. We pres... more Co-located collaboration can be extremely valuable during complex visual analytics tasks. We present an exploratory study of a system designed to support collaborative visual analysis tasks on a digital tabletop display. Fifteen participant pairs employed Cambiera, a visual analytics system, to solve a problem involving 240 digital documents. Our analysis, supported by observations, system logs, questionnaires, and interview data, explores how pairs approached the problem around the table. We contribute a unique, rich understanding of how users worked together around the table and identify eight types of collaboration styles that can be used to identify how closely people work together while problem solving. We show how the closeness of teams' collaboration and communication influenced how they performed on the task overall. We further discuss the role of the tabletop for visual analytics tasks and derive design implications for future co-located collaborative tabletop problem solving systems.
Abstract How might the world view human-computer interaction a century from now? In this video, s... more Abstract How might the world view human-computer interaction a century from now? In this video, set one hundred years in the future, we playfully re-envision the early history of HCI. As the video opens, the Great Usability Cataclysm of 2068 has erased all previous knowledge of HCI. The world has been plunged into an age of darkness where terror, fear, and poor usability reign. Unearthing fragments of previously lost archival footage, a disembodied HCI historian (Jonathan Grudin) introduces a first attempt to reconstruct the ...
The prerequisites of success and reasons for failure for enterprise integration projects are stil... more The prerequisites of success and reasons for failure for enterprise integration projects are still not wellunderstood as evidenced by large failure rates, including cost or schedule overruns, abandoned projects, and projects delivered with diminished functionality . These failures point to the inherently human activities of planning and overseeing that are critical to successful large-scale integration. In spite of a rich stream of research on systems development risks, few research efforts have attempted to understand enterprise integration risks . This paper reports preliminary findings, based on an analysis of data gathered via focus groups at an organization poised to embark on an integration project, about how organizational participants perceive these risks. The analysis shows that risk perception is fuzzy, it differs significantly across organizational actors, and points to considerable information asymmetry between risk managers and project participants.
There is an evolution in the process used by standards-development organizations (SDOs) and this ... more There is an evolution in the process used by standards-development organizations (SDOs) and this is changing the prevailing standards development activity (SDA) for information and communications technology (ICT). The process is progressing from traditional SDA modes, typically involving the selection from many candidate, existing alternative components, into the crafting of standards that include a substantial design component (SSDC), or "anticipatory" standards. SSDC require increasingly important roles from organizational players as well as SDOs. Few theoretical frameworks exist to understand these emerging processes. This project conducted archival analysis of SDO documents for a selected subset of web-services (WS) standards taken from publicly available sources including minutes of meetings, proposals, drafts and recommendations. This working paper provides a deeper understanding of SDAs, the roles played by different organizational participants and the compliance with SDO due process requirements emerging from public policy constraints, recent legislation and standards accreditation requirements. This research is influenced by a recent theoretical framework that suggests viewing the new standards-setting processes as a complex interplay among three forces: sense-making, design, and negotiation (DSN). The DSN model provides the framework for measuring SDO progress and therefore understanding future generations of standards development processes. The empirically grounded results are useful foundation for other SDO modeling efforts.
The prerequisites of success and reasons for failure for enterprise integration projects are stil... more The prerequisites of success and reasons for failure for enterprise integration projects are still not wellunderstood as evidenced by large failure rates, including cost or schedule overruns, abandoned projects, and projects delivered with diminished functionality . These failures point to the inherently human activities of planning and overseeing that are critical to successful large-scale integration. In spite of a rich stream of research on systems development risks, few research efforts have attempted to understand enterprise integration risks . This paper reports preliminary findings, based on an analysis of data gathered via focus groups at an organization poised to embark on an integration project, about how organizational participants perceive these risks. The analysis shows that risk perception is fuzzy, it differs significantly across organizational actors, and points to considerable information asymmetry between risk managers and project participants.
This panel seeks to begin a discussion of how we can meaningfully compare and contrast between th... more This panel seeks to begin a discussion of how we can meaningfully compare and contrast between the diverse instances of open collaboration and peer production employed on the Internet today. Current research on the topic have tended to be too platform -(e.g. Wikipedia) or domain -(e.g. Open source) specific. The panelists will be tasked with addressing this problem using their own expertise and research projects to bear on the issue. Ultimately, the panel will seek to lay the foundations for the development of theoretical frameworks and principles for the design and application of open collaboration and CBPP based systems.
International Journal of Medical Informatics, 2009
Please cite this article in press as: M.C. Reddy, et al., Challenges to effective crisis manageme... more Please cite this article in press as: M.C. Reddy, et al., Challenges to effective crisis management: Using information and communication technologies to coordinate emergency medical services and emergency department teams, Int.
Making sense of the information found during an investigational Web search task can be daunting. ... more Making sense of the information found during an investigational Web search task can be daunting. With the recent emergence of tools to support collaborative Web search, the associated sensemaking task has become even more complex, requiring sense to be made not only of the products of a search (i.e., results found) but of the process, as well (i.e., group division of labor and decision-making).
While there has been some research on sensemaking in individual information seeking, there is lit... more While there has been some research on sensemaking in individual information seeking, there is little understanding of sensemaking in collaborative information seeking tasks, such as collaborative Web search. We conducted a study of users' sensemaking in collaborative Web search tasks performed using SearchTogether. Based on findings of this study, we designed, implemented, and evaluated a tool, CoSense, to enhance sensemaking for collaborative search tasks. The results of our evaluation of CoSense provide insight into how people collaboratively make sense of information and what design features can help them.
Decision-making is a crucial aspect of emergency response during mass casualty incidents (MCIs). ... more Decision-making is a crucial aspect of emergency response during mass casualty incidents (MCIs). MCIs require rapid decisions to be taken by geographically-dispersed teams in an environment characterized by insufficient information, ineffective collaboration and inadequate resources. Despite the increasing adoption of decision support systems in healthcare, there is limited evidence of their value in large-scale disasters. We conducted focus groups with emergency medical services and emergency department personnel who revealed that one of the main challenges in emergency response during MCIs is information management. Therefore, to alleviate the issues arising from ineffective information management, we propose R-CAST-MED, an intelligent agent architecture built on Recognition-Primed Decision-making (RPD) and Shared Mental Models (SMMs). A simulation of R-CAST-MED showed that this tool enabled efficient information management by identifying relevant information, inferring missing information and sharing information with other agents, which led to effective collaboration and coordination of tasks across teams.
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2012
Co-located collaboration can be extremely valuable during complex visual analytics tasks. We pres... more Co-located collaboration can be extremely valuable during complex visual analytics tasks. We present an exploratory study of a system designed to support collaborative visual analysis tasks on a digital tabletop display. Fifteen participant pairs employed Cambiera, a visual analytics system, to solve a problem involving 240 digital documents. Our analysis, supported by observations, system logs, questionnaires, and interview data, explores how pairs approached the problem around the table. We contribute a unique, rich understanding of how users worked together around the table and identify eight types of collaboration styles that can be used to identify how closely people work together while problem solving. We show how the closeness of teams' collaboration and communication influenced how they performed on the task overall. We further discuss the role of the tabletop for visual analytics tasks and derive design implications for future co-located collaborative tabletop problem solving systems.
Abstract How might the world view human-computer interaction a century from now? In this video, s... more Abstract How might the world view human-computer interaction a century from now? In this video, set one hundred years in the future, we playfully re-envision the early history of HCI. As the video opens, the Great Usability Cataclysm of 2068 has erased all previous knowledge of HCI. The world has been plunged into an age of darkness where terror, fear, and poor usability reign. Unearthing fragments of previously lost archival footage, a disembodied HCI historian (Jonathan Grudin) introduces a first attempt to reconstruct the ...
The prerequisites of success and reasons for failure for enterprise integration projects are stil... more The prerequisites of success and reasons for failure for enterprise integration projects are still not wellunderstood as evidenced by large failure rates, including cost or schedule overruns, abandoned projects, and projects delivered with diminished functionality . These failures point to the inherently human activities of planning and overseeing that are critical to successful large-scale integration. In spite of a rich stream of research on systems development risks, few research efforts have attempted to understand enterprise integration risks . This paper reports preliminary findings, based on an analysis of data gathered via focus groups at an organization poised to embark on an integration project, about how organizational participants perceive these risks. The analysis shows that risk perception is fuzzy, it differs significantly across organizational actors, and points to considerable information asymmetry between risk managers and project participants.
There is an evolution in the process used by standards-development organizations (SDOs) and this ... more There is an evolution in the process used by standards-development organizations (SDOs) and this is changing the prevailing standards development activity (SDA) for information and communications technology (ICT). The process is progressing from traditional SDA modes, typically involving the selection from many candidate, existing alternative components, into the crafting of standards that include a substantial design component (SSDC), or "anticipatory" standards. SSDC require increasingly important roles from organizational players as well as SDOs. Few theoretical frameworks exist to understand these emerging processes. This project conducted archival analysis of SDO documents for a selected subset of web-services (WS) standards taken from publicly available sources including minutes of meetings, proposals, drafts and recommendations. This working paper provides a deeper understanding of SDAs, the roles played by different organizational participants and the compliance with SDO due process requirements emerging from public policy constraints, recent legislation and standards accreditation requirements. This research is influenced by a recent theoretical framework that suggests viewing the new standards-setting processes as a complex interplay among three forces: sense-making, design, and negotiation (DSN). The DSN model provides the framework for measuring SDO progress and therefore understanding future generations of standards development processes. The empirically grounded results are useful foundation for other SDO modeling efforts.
The prerequisites of success and reasons for failure for enterprise integration projects are stil... more The prerequisites of success and reasons for failure for enterprise integration projects are still not wellunderstood as evidenced by large failure rates, including cost or schedule overruns, abandoned projects, and projects delivered with diminished functionality . These failures point to the inherently human activities of planning and overseeing that are critical to successful large-scale integration. In spite of a rich stream of research on systems development risks, few research efforts have attempted to understand enterprise integration risks . This paper reports preliminary findings, based on an analysis of data gathered via focus groups at an organization poised to embark on an integration project, about how organizational participants perceive these risks. The analysis shows that risk perception is fuzzy, it differs significantly across organizational actors, and points to considerable information asymmetry between risk managers and project participants.
This panel seeks to begin a discussion of how we can meaningfully compare and contrast between th... more This panel seeks to begin a discussion of how we can meaningfully compare and contrast between the diverse instances of open collaboration and peer production employed on the Internet today. Current research on the topic have tended to be too platform -(e.g. Wikipedia) or domain -(e.g. Open source) specific. The panelists will be tasked with addressing this problem using their own expertise and research projects to bear on the issue. Ultimately, the panel will seek to lay the foundations for the development of theoretical frameworks and principles for the design and application of open collaboration and CBPP based systems.