golnar ghalekhani | Shiraz University (original) (raw)
Papers by golnar ghalekhani
دو فصلنامۀ علمی پژوهش نامۀ فرهنگ و زبانهای باستانی, 2023
religions, represented the ideology and theology of one society. As a bridge between the world of... more religions, represented the ideology and theology of one society. As a bridge between the world of gods and mundane macrocosm and its people, sacrifice has always played a fundamental role in the myths and religious beliefs of various cultures. Among numerous Avesta and Pahlavi texts which illustrate the circumstances of rites of sacrifice, there are a few hymns in condemnation of those who are called liars, daēwa-worshippers and jadu- dīns. These hymns unintentionally, represented the deeds of nonconformists, who were not approved by Zoroastrian tradition. However, due to years of political sovereignty of the Zoroastrian religion in Iran, the remaining ancient texts are reflecting only one ideology aspect which was approved by the clerics of reigning class. In this article we are trying to analyze the rituals which despite being accused of relating to Ahreman and demons, unfold the traces of prior religions or censored beliefs and creeds of Iran’s history. To do so, related parts of Avesta and Pahlavi text are selected, and are analyzed and interpreted in a linguistic approach, sometimes in the absence of any written evidence some kind of sacrifice is studied by the means of historian’s writings. However, essence and background of many of these rites still remains unknown.
Journal of Research on History of Medicine, 2016
Avesta is the oldest written text remained and extant from Iranian old languages. It comprises of... more Avesta is the oldest written text remained and extant from Iranian old languages. It comprises of a collection of thousands of words and expressions covering almost all fields of religion and the culture of ancient human beings. With regard to what is left of Avesta, the contents of the twenty-one Nasks (“books”) remained from the Sasanian period, and the documents existing in other books pertinent to the Middle era, it becomes evident that this old language must have been deemed significant from a scientific point of view in ancient times. The presence of words germane to the specific sciences of the past such as astronomy, medical sciences, law, economics and the like indicates that the Avestan had to enjoy the features and potentialities of a scientific language. This book, in addition to being a source narrating the principal beliefs of the ancient era, has common roots with ancient Indian and European cultures. The present study is aimed at getting a better understanding of the...
Institute for the Study of Man, 2019
The preservation of calcium carbonate in marine sediments is central to controlling the alkalinit... more The preservation of calcium carbonate in marine sediments is central to controlling the alkalinity balance of the ocean and hence the ocean-atmosphere partitioning of CO 2. To successfully address carbon cycle-climate dynamics on geologic (1 kyr) timescales , Earth system models then require an appropriate representation of the primary controls on CaCO 3 preservation. At the same time, marine sedimentary carbonates represent a major archive of Earth history, as they have the potential to preserve how seawater chemistry, and isotopic composition, and even properties of planktic and benthic ecosystems, change with time. However, changes in preservation and even chemical erosion of previously deposited CaCO 3 , together with the biogenic reworking of upper portions of sediments whereby sediment particles are translocated both locally and non-locally between different depths in the sediments, all act to distort the recorded signal. Numerical models can aid in recovering what the 'true' environmental changes might have been, but only if they appropriately account for these processes. Building on a classical 1-D reaction-transport framework, we present a new diagenetic model-IMP-that simulates biogeochemical transformations in carbonate-hosted proxy signals by allowing for populations of solid carbonate particles to possess different physicochemical characteristics such as isotopic value, solubility, and particle size. The model also utilizes a variable transition matrix to implement different styles of bioturbation. We illustrate the utility of the model for deciphering past environmental changes using several hypothesized transitions of seawater proxies obscured by sediment mixing and chemical erosion. To facilitate the use of IMP, we provide the model in FORTRAN, MATLAB, and Python versions. We described IMP with integration into Earth system models in mind, and present the description of this coupling of IMP with the 'cGENIE.muffin' model in a subsequent paper.
Journal of Research on History of Medicine, 2016
Avesta is the oldest written text remained and extant from Iranian old languages. It comprises of... more Avesta is the oldest written text remained and extant from Iranian old languages. It comprises of a collection of thousands of words and expressions covering almost all fields of religion and the culture of ancient human beings. With regard to what is left of Avesta, the contents of the twenty-one Nasks ("books") remained from the Sasanian period, and the documents existing in other books pertinent to the Middle era, it becomes evident that this old language must have been deemed significant from a scientific point of view in ancient times. The presence of words germane to the specific sciences of the past such as astronomy, medical sciences, law, economics and the like indicates that the Avestan had to enjoy the features and potentialities of a scientific language. This book, in addition to being a source narrating the principal beliefs of the ancient era, has common roots with ancient Indian and European cultures. The present study is aimed at getting a better understand...
International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 2015
The purpose of this study is to present a thematic and etymological glossary of aquatic and bird ... more The purpose of this study is to present a thematic and etymological glossary of aquatic and bird genera names which have been mentioned in Iranian Bundahišn. In this research, after arranging animal names in Persian alphabetic order in their respective genus, first the transliteration and transcription of animal names in middle Persian language are provided. Afterwards, the part of Bundahišn that contains the actual animal names and the relevant translations are mentioned. The etymology of every animal name is described by considering the morphemic source. Finally, mention is made of the mythology connected to the animal and the animal category in Iranian Bundahišn (if available), and the way in which the words have changed from Old Persian up to now. Changes in the name of every animal from the ancient languages such as Indo-European, Sanskrit, Old Persian and Avestan to middle languages such as Pahlavi, Sogdian, Khotanese, and Chorasmian and how the name appears in new Iranian ...
THE JOURNAL OF WOMENS' STUDIES ( …, 2007
Women's rights have always been a subject of dispute in different societies. In the opinion ... more Women's rights have always been a subject of dispute in different societies. In the opinion of most people, in spite of the differences of time, place, race, color and religion, the main responsibility of women is to bear, cherish and make her child reach the age of puberty. But in reality, ...
Journal of Research on History of Medicine, 2016
Avesta is the oldest written text remained and extant from Iranian old languages. It comprises of... more Avesta is the oldest written text remained and extant from Iranian old languages. It comprises of a collection of thousands of words and expressions covering almost all fields of religion and the culture of ancient human beings. With regard to what is left of Avesta, the contents of the twenty-one Nasks (“books”) remained from the Sasanian period, and the documents existing in other books pertinent to the Middle era, it becomes evident that this old language must have been deemed significant from a scientific point of view in ancient times. The presence of words germane to the specific sciences of the past such as astronomy, medical sciences, law, economics and the like indicates that the Avestan had to enjoy the features and potentialities of a scientific language. This book, in addition to being a source narrating the principal beliefs of the ancient era, has common roots with ancient Indian and European cultures. The present study is aimed at getting a better understanding of the...
The present study aims at investigating the place of plants, and specifically trees, among Indo-E... more The present study aims at investigating the place of plants, and specifically trees, among Indo-Europeans; this necessitates a brief look at the very land since the environment and echo system have always been influential in the expression of human behavior. Of course, the very issue of Indo-European‟s place has always been a challenging issue that has been the matter of discussion for more than two centuries with no unanimity acquired. Therefore, the present study would be a concise survey attempt in this area. In order to reach the present aim first the original place of the Indo-European tribe would be discussed. Next, the etymology of the name of trees would be brought under scrutiny, the aim being to reach an understanding of the mind of the creators of such words through investigating the roots of the words they attributed to trees and plants. Tree in Indo-European culture, religion and myth, is the next matter of discussion; therefore, the cultural milieu of the tribe will be...
Anatomy is one of the most fundamental sciences related to medical science. Specialized vocabular... more Anatomy is one of the most fundamental sciences related to medical science. Specialized vocabularies related to this science is often made by using the vocabularies available in Greek and Latin languages. Interestingly, many of these vocabularies have the same roots with the vocabularies in Persian language. The current Persian language is a continuation of the Middle Persian language, which is the continuation of Old Persian language itself, and the Old Persian along with the other Iranian Languages and ancient languages of India and the ancient European languages, all of which are rooted in the more ancient language called Indo-European languages. In the present research, seventeen fundamental words and their roots have been investigated, which we can see their association with the Persian language. The words used in this Research include the root of the names of body members such as the head, brain, eye, mouth, etc.; as the vocabularies used for composing specialized vocabularies...
International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 2016
Sacrifice is a ritual with an antiquity as long as history in all the areas of human civilization... more Sacrifice is a ritual with an antiquity as long as history in all the areas of human civilization and it is a guide for understanding the ancient ideology of all millennia. This study is an attempt to illustrate a general scheme of sacrifice and its generative thoughts throughout old cultural eras of Iran. This paper tries to identify sacrifice in Iran by considering every details mentioned in religious texts. Due to the fact that Iran has been a land of coexistence of different tribes and cultures in history, and that the Iranian religion is a combination of native Iranian tribes, Elamite, Indo-European, Magus and Mazdeism beliefs it seems impracticable to segregate rituals to specific nations and epochs. Nevertheless, single Gnosticism finds a very unique and distinct position in Iranian religion. This research aims not only to collect the viewpoints, examples and Iranian religion documents about sacrifice but to be a manifestation of the dynamics of Iranian thought.
Iranian Journal of Sociolinguistics, 2020
Toponyms are among the words that have been more resistant to linguistic changes. It is a fact th... more Toponyms are among the words that have been more resistant to linguistic changes. It is a fact that the dominance of the Persian language has caused many alterations in the structure of some older vocabulary in the local dialects. Toponyms have also been undergoing such changes; however, they show more resistance in comparison to the other words because they have been dwelled in the collective memory of the locals, and it guarantees their survival. Due to the lack of familiarity with the ancient structure of such toponyms, there are many "folk etymologies" made to describe the origins of the toponyms. The present research is an attempt to introduce the following toponyms in Shiraz, as well as investigate the historical backgrounds of those words and suggest some probable etymologies for them: bâlâkaft, barmdelak, pâyēkutâ, tâq-e ōskurū, tul-ē parwast, talxdâš, derâk, dreky, dozak, fahandiž, qalât, qomšæ, katasbes, kušan, kaftarak and gūyum.
مجله علمی پژوهش در علوم انسانی و تحقیقات میان رشته ای
journal of Indo-European studies, 2019
Criminology and penal codes are entangled in the theological and doctrinal issues of Zoroastriani... more Criminology and penal codes are entangled in the theological and doctrinal issues of Zoroastrianism. Crimes and sins are hardly separable and the punitive measure taken to reprimand the sinner or the criminal varies from mild to severe, and from worldly to other-worldly. In this article, sins without civil punishments are to be illustrated. After a close reading of Avestan texts and Middle Persian literature (Pahlavi), sins without worldly punishment have been isolated and elucidated. In Zoroastrianism, a number of sins, due to their essential qualities, could not have any worldly punishments; the sinners, however, would suffer the consequences in the afterlife. Indeed, in many other traditions and cultures, sins without immediate punishment can also be detected; only if such sins were committed in particular occasions leading to unfortunate incidents and social unrest would the sinners be executed. This paper will reveal and comment on the sins with the aforementioned qualities. Introduction The word sin in Middle Persian is referred to as winh. This word in Avestan is derived from the root nas-meaning 'to disappear, expire' with the prefix vi-, the word means sin. Below, the etymology of the word has been scrutinized:
Anatomy is one of the most fundamental sciences related to medical science. Specialized vocabular... more Anatomy is one of the most fundamental sciences related to medical science. Specialized vocabularies related to this science is often made by using the vocabularies available in Greek and Latin languages. Interestingly, many of these vocabularies have the same roots with the vocabularies in Persian language. The current Persian language is a continuation of the Middle Persian language, which is the continuation of Old Persian language itself, and the Old Persian along with the other Iranian Languages and ancient languages of India and the ancient European languages, all of which are rooted in the more ancient language called Indo-European languages. In the present research, seventeen fundamental words and their roots have been investigated, which we can see their association with the Persian language. The words used in this Research include the root of the names of body members such as the head, brain, eye, mouth, etc.; as the vocabularies used for composing specialized vocabularies, which will be considered here.
تها رد و رتیّلک یاهلباقت تمدخ رد همه ... و همانهاش ِیتآ یاهلبا... more تها رد و رتیّلک یاهلباقت تمدخ رد همه ... و همانهاش
ِیتآ یاهلباقت و اونرا انرهش
دو
لباقت نوچ ییاهلباقت هک دش نش ور هناگود یاهلباقت رظنم ا کاحض
ۀروطس ا یس ررب
کرمتم تموکم و یکارتبببشا ۀعماا کاحبببض و هواک نوخ و ریبببش ناینارینا و نایناریا
تها رد و رتیّلک یاهلباقت تمدخ رد همه ... و همانهاش
ِیتآ یاهلباقت و اونرا انرهش
دو فصلنامۀ علمی پژوهش نامۀ فرهنگ و زبانهای باستانی, 2023
religions, represented the ideology and theology of one society. As a bridge between the world of... more religions, represented the ideology and theology of one society. As a bridge between the world of gods and mundane macrocosm and its people, sacrifice has always played a fundamental role in the myths and religious beliefs of various cultures. Among numerous Avesta and Pahlavi texts which illustrate the circumstances of rites of sacrifice, there are a few hymns in condemnation of those who are called liars, daēwa-worshippers and jadu- dīns. These hymns unintentionally, represented the deeds of nonconformists, who were not approved by Zoroastrian tradition. However, due to years of political sovereignty of the Zoroastrian religion in Iran, the remaining ancient texts are reflecting only one ideology aspect which was approved by the clerics of reigning class. In this article we are trying to analyze the rituals which despite being accused of relating to Ahreman and demons, unfold the traces of prior religions or censored beliefs and creeds of Iran’s history. To do so, related parts of Avesta and Pahlavi text are selected, and are analyzed and interpreted in a linguistic approach, sometimes in the absence of any written evidence some kind of sacrifice is studied by the means of historian’s writings. However, essence and background of many of these rites still remains unknown.
Journal of Research on History of Medicine, 2016
Avesta is the oldest written text remained and extant from Iranian old languages. It comprises of... more Avesta is the oldest written text remained and extant from Iranian old languages. It comprises of a collection of thousands of words and expressions covering almost all fields of religion and the culture of ancient human beings. With regard to what is left of Avesta, the contents of the twenty-one Nasks (“books”) remained from the Sasanian period, and the documents existing in other books pertinent to the Middle era, it becomes evident that this old language must have been deemed significant from a scientific point of view in ancient times. The presence of words germane to the specific sciences of the past such as astronomy, medical sciences, law, economics and the like indicates that the Avestan had to enjoy the features and potentialities of a scientific language. This book, in addition to being a source narrating the principal beliefs of the ancient era, has common roots with ancient Indian and European cultures. The present study is aimed at getting a better understanding of the...
Institute for the Study of Man, 2019
The preservation of calcium carbonate in marine sediments is central to controlling the alkalinit... more The preservation of calcium carbonate in marine sediments is central to controlling the alkalinity balance of the ocean and hence the ocean-atmosphere partitioning of CO 2. To successfully address carbon cycle-climate dynamics on geologic (1 kyr) timescales , Earth system models then require an appropriate representation of the primary controls on CaCO 3 preservation. At the same time, marine sedimentary carbonates represent a major archive of Earth history, as they have the potential to preserve how seawater chemistry, and isotopic composition, and even properties of planktic and benthic ecosystems, change with time. However, changes in preservation and even chemical erosion of previously deposited CaCO 3 , together with the biogenic reworking of upper portions of sediments whereby sediment particles are translocated both locally and non-locally between different depths in the sediments, all act to distort the recorded signal. Numerical models can aid in recovering what the 'true' environmental changes might have been, but only if they appropriately account for these processes. Building on a classical 1-D reaction-transport framework, we present a new diagenetic model-IMP-that simulates biogeochemical transformations in carbonate-hosted proxy signals by allowing for populations of solid carbonate particles to possess different physicochemical characteristics such as isotopic value, solubility, and particle size. The model also utilizes a variable transition matrix to implement different styles of bioturbation. We illustrate the utility of the model for deciphering past environmental changes using several hypothesized transitions of seawater proxies obscured by sediment mixing and chemical erosion. To facilitate the use of IMP, we provide the model in FORTRAN, MATLAB, and Python versions. We described IMP with integration into Earth system models in mind, and present the description of this coupling of IMP with the 'cGENIE.muffin' model in a subsequent paper.
Journal of Research on History of Medicine, 2016
Avesta is the oldest written text remained and extant from Iranian old languages. It comprises of... more Avesta is the oldest written text remained and extant from Iranian old languages. It comprises of a collection of thousands of words and expressions covering almost all fields of religion and the culture of ancient human beings. With regard to what is left of Avesta, the contents of the twenty-one Nasks ("books") remained from the Sasanian period, and the documents existing in other books pertinent to the Middle era, it becomes evident that this old language must have been deemed significant from a scientific point of view in ancient times. The presence of words germane to the specific sciences of the past such as astronomy, medical sciences, law, economics and the like indicates that the Avestan had to enjoy the features and potentialities of a scientific language. This book, in addition to being a source narrating the principal beliefs of the ancient era, has common roots with ancient Indian and European cultures. The present study is aimed at getting a better understand...
International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 2015
The purpose of this study is to present a thematic and etymological glossary of aquatic and bird ... more The purpose of this study is to present a thematic and etymological glossary of aquatic and bird genera names which have been mentioned in Iranian Bundahišn. In this research, after arranging animal names in Persian alphabetic order in their respective genus, first the transliteration and transcription of animal names in middle Persian language are provided. Afterwards, the part of Bundahišn that contains the actual animal names and the relevant translations are mentioned. The etymology of every animal name is described by considering the morphemic source. Finally, mention is made of the mythology connected to the animal and the animal category in Iranian Bundahišn (if available), and the way in which the words have changed from Old Persian up to now. Changes in the name of every animal from the ancient languages such as Indo-European, Sanskrit, Old Persian and Avestan to middle languages such as Pahlavi, Sogdian, Khotanese, and Chorasmian and how the name appears in new Iranian ...
THE JOURNAL OF WOMENS' STUDIES ( …, 2007
Women's rights have always been a subject of dispute in different societies. In the opinion ... more Women's rights have always been a subject of dispute in different societies. In the opinion of most people, in spite of the differences of time, place, race, color and religion, the main responsibility of women is to bear, cherish and make her child reach the age of puberty. But in reality, ...
Journal of Research on History of Medicine, 2016
Avesta is the oldest written text remained and extant from Iranian old languages. It comprises of... more Avesta is the oldest written text remained and extant from Iranian old languages. It comprises of a collection of thousands of words and expressions covering almost all fields of religion and the culture of ancient human beings. With regard to what is left of Avesta, the contents of the twenty-one Nasks (“books”) remained from the Sasanian period, and the documents existing in other books pertinent to the Middle era, it becomes evident that this old language must have been deemed significant from a scientific point of view in ancient times. The presence of words germane to the specific sciences of the past such as astronomy, medical sciences, law, economics and the like indicates that the Avestan had to enjoy the features and potentialities of a scientific language. This book, in addition to being a source narrating the principal beliefs of the ancient era, has common roots with ancient Indian and European cultures. The present study is aimed at getting a better understanding of the...
The present study aims at investigating the place of plants, and specifically trees, among Indo-E... more The present study aims at investigating the place of plants, and specifically trees, among Indo-Europeans; this necessitates a brief look at the very land since the environment and echo system have always been influential in the expression of human behavior. Of course, the very issue of Indo-European‟s place has always been a challenging issue that has been the matter of discussion for more than two centuries with no unanimity acquired. Therefore, the present study would be a concise survey attempt in this area. In order to reach the present aim first the original place of the Indo-European tribe would be discussed. Next, the etymology of the name of trees would be brought under scrutiny, the aim being to reach an understanding of the mind of the creators of such words through investigating the roots of the words they attributed to trees and plants. Tree in Indo-European culture, religion and myth, is the next matter of discussion; therefore, the cultural milieu of the tribe will be...
Anatomy is one of the most fundamental sciences related to medical science. Specialized vocabular... more Anatomy is one of the most fundamental sciences related to medical science. Specialized vocabularies related to this science is often made by using the vocabularies available in Greek and Latin languages. Interestingly, many of these vocabularies have the same roots with the vocabularies in Persian language. The current Persian language is a continuation of the Middle Persian language, which is the continuation of Old Persian language itself, and the Old Persian along with the other Iranian Languages and ancient languages of India and the ancient European languages, all of which are rooted in the more ancient language called Indo-European languages. In the present research, seventeen fundamental words and their roots have been investigated, which we can see their association with the Persian language. The words used in this Research include the root of the names of body members such as the head, brain, eye, mouth, etc.; as the vocabularies used for composing specialized vocabularies...
International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 2016
Sacrifice is a ritual with an antiquity as long as history in all the areas of human civilization... more Sacrifice is a ritual with an antiquity as long as history in all the areas of human civilization and it is a guide for understanding the ancient ideology of all millennia. This study is an attempt to illustrate a general scheme of sacrifice and its generative thoughts throughout old cultural eras of Iran. This paper tries to identify sacrifice in Iran by considering every details mentioned in religious texts. Due to the fact that Iran has been a land of coexistence of different tribes and cultures in history, and that the Iranian religion is a combination of native Iranian tribes, Elamite, Indo-European, Magus and Mazdeism beliefs it seems impracticable to segregate rituals to specific nations and epochs. Nevertheless, single Gnosticism finds a very unique and distinct position in Iranian religion. This research aims not only to collect the viewpoints, examples and Iranian religion documents about sacrifice but to be a manifestation of the dynamics of Iranian thought.
Iranian Journal of Sociolinguistics, 2020
Toponyms are among the words that have been more resistant to linguistic changes. It is a fact th... more Toponyms are among the words that have been more resistant to linguistic changes. It is a fact that the dominance of the Persian language has caused many alterations in the structure of some older vocabulary in the local dialects. Toponyms have also been undergoing such changes; however, they show more resistance in comparison to the other words because they have been dwelled in the collective memory of the locals, and it guarantees their survival. Due to the lack of familiarity with the ancient structure of such toponyms, there are many "folk etymologies" made to describe the origins of the toponyms. The present research is an attempt to introduce the following toponyms in Shiraz, as well as investigate the historical backgrounds of those words and suggest some probable etymologies for them: bâlâkaft, barmdelak, pâyēkutâ, tâq-e ōskurū, tul-ē parwast, talxdâš, derâk, dreky, dozak, fahandiž, qalât, qomšæ, katasbes, kušan, kaftarak and gūyum.
مجله علمی پژوهش در علوم انسانی و تحقیقات میان رشته ای
journal of Indo-European studies, 2019
Criminology and penal codes are entangled in the theological and doctrinal issues of Zoroastriani... more Criminology and penal codes are entangled in the theological and doctrinal issues of Zoroastrianism. Crimes and sins are hardly separable and the punitive measure taken to reprimand the sinner or the criminal varies from mild to severe, and from worldly to other-worldly. In this article, sins without civil punishments are to be illustrated. After a close reading of Avestan texts and Middle Persian literature (Pahlavi), sins without worldly punishment have been isolated and elucidated. In Zoroastrianism, a number of sins, due to their essential qualities, could not have any worldly punishments; the sinners, however, would suffer the consequences in the afterlife. Indeed, in many other traditions and cultures, sins without immediate punishment can also be detected; only if such sins were committed in particular occasions leading to unfortunate incidents and social unrest would the sinners be executed. This paper will reveal and comment on the sins with the aforementioned qualities. Introduction The word sin in Middle Persian is referred to as winh. This word in Avestan is derived from the root nas-meaning 'to disappear, expire' with the prefix vi-, the word means sin. Below, the etymology of the word has been scrutinized:
Anatomy is one of the most fundamental sciences related to medical science. Specialized vocabular... more Anatomy is one of the most fundamental sciences related to medical science. Specialized vocabularies related to this science is often made by using the vocabularies available in Greek and Latin languages. Interestingly, many of these vocabularies have the same roots with the vocabularies in Persian language. The current Persian language is a continuation of the Middle Persian language, which is the continuation of Old Persian language itself, and the Old Persian along with the other Iranian Languages and ancient languages of India and the ancient European languages, all of which are rooted in the more ancient language called Indo-European languages. In the present research, seventeen fundamental words and their roots have been investigated, which we can see their association with the Persian language. The words used in this Research include the root of the names of body members such as the head, brain, eye, mouth, etc.; as the vocabularies used for composing specialized vocabularies, which will be considered here.
تها رد و رتیّلک یاهلباقت تمدخ رد همه ... و همانهاش ِیتآ یاهلبا... more تها رد و رتیّلک یاهلباقت تمدخ رد همه ... و همانهاش
ِیتآ یاهلباقت و اونرا انرهش
دو
لباقت نوچ ییاهلباقت هک دش نش ور هناگود یاهلباقت رظنم ا کاحض
ۀروطس ا یس ررب
کرمتم تموکم و یکارتبببشا ۀعماا کاحبببض و هواک نوخ و ریبببش ناینارینا و نایناریا
تها رد و رتیّلک یاهلباقت تمدخ رد همه ... و همانهاش
ِیتآ یاهلباقت و اونرا انرهش