Magdalena Pastuch | University of Silesia in Katowice (original) (raw)
Papers by Magdalena Pastuch
Prace Filologiczne, Dec 30, 2021
key words: historical linguistics, historical pragmalinguistics, pragmatic marker, metalanguage, ... more key words: historical linguistics, historical pragmalinguistics, pragmatic marker, metalanguage, history of Polish The author focuses on metatextual uses of the word prawda. She assumes that the source of this kind of occurrence is the object language and for this reason she presents the initial uses of prawda in metatextual meaning. Her analysis leads to a conclusion that both metatextual meanings (metatextual comment and sentence-related comment) have arisen as a result of the elision process; whereas prawda as an interlude is derived from parenthesis. Prawda from the metalanguage plane plays the role of pragmatic marker providing information on the attitude of a sender of the message. The described meaning could be considered as a result of grammaticalization process.
Studies in Polish Linguistics, Dec 31, 2022
The article demonstrates the importance of subjectification processes in shaping the metatextual ... more The article demonstrates the importance of subjectification processes in shaping the metatextual layer of language. Using three lexical units (prawda ‘true, right’, pewnie ‘sure, certainly’ and szalenie ‘extremely, madly’) as examples, the author shows how the en-richment of their semantic structure with a subjective component led to the emergence of new propositional functions and ultimately to the establishment of a new meaning. The study is conducted diachronically, drawing on the oldest attestations of the lexemes in question. Based on a contextual analysis, the moment the meanings with a subjective component appeared is identified. The results unequivocally demonstrate that subjectification has its origin in the pragmatic domain, while its consequences are visible on the semantic level. The language material comes from both lexicographic sources and cor-pora. The analysis shows that subjectification is correlated with formal changes includ-ing loss of inflectional endings, loss of morphological properties, recategorization, and syntactic isolation. The paper provides evidence for the need for in-depth comparative diachronic research on subjectification. Keywords diachrony, history of the Polish language, language change, historical pragmatics, sub-jectification, metatextual expressions
Studies in Polish Linguistics, 2023
The article demonstrates the importance of subjectification processes in shaping the metatextual ... more The article demonstrates the importance of subjectification processes in shaping the metatextual layer of language. Using three lexical units (prawda ‘true, right’, pewnie ‘sure, certainly’ and szalenie ‘extremely, madly’) as examples, the author shows how the en-richment of their semantic structure with a subjective component led to the emergence of new propositional functions and ultimately to the establishment of a new meaning. The study is conducted diachronically, drawing on the oldest attestations of the lexemes in question. Based on a contextual analysis, the moment the meanings with a subjective component appeared is identified. The results unequivocally demonstrate that subjectification has its origin in the pragmatic domain, while its consequences are visible on the semantic level. The language material comes from both lexicographic sources and cor-pora. The analysis shows that subjectification is correlated with formal changes includ-ing loss of inflectional endings, loss of morphological properties, recategorization, and syntactic isolation. The paper provides evidence for the need for in-depth comparative diachronic research on subjectification.
Keywords
diachrony, history of the Polish language, language change, historical pragmatics, sub-jectification, metatextual expressions
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej, 2009
Język Polski
How to combine historical language units in functional sets? The problems with isolating the appo... more How to combine historical language units in functional sets? The problems with isolating the appositions (reactives) in the historical language material The article presents problems connected with applying the synchronous division into parts of speech to the historical language material. The author assumes that it is impossible to conform all the contemporary findings to the historical analysis. As a consequence, she adopts the term historical unit of language which was proposed by Piotr Sobotka. The example of lexical units (which in some synchronous studies fall into a category called ‘appositions’) proves that when taking a historical approach into account the aforementioned units do not fulfil the criteria for parts of speech. The presented arguments refer both to the synchronous division concerning parts of speech (e.g. how to separate an apposition from an interjection) and to practical problems (e.g. the multitude of discontinuous lexical units in the function of apposition). In the conclusion the author suggests not using the term ‘apposition’ as well as treating the distinguished units as a function of specific particle types.
W niniejszym artykule chciałabym zasygnalizować niektóre problemy pojawiające się w trakcie opisu... more W niniejszym artykule chciałabym zasygnalizować niektóre problemy pojawiające się w trakcie opisu czasowników staropolskich - ich znaczenia, wchodzenia w związki z imiennymi częściami mowy, oraz ograniczeń pragmatycznych, które dotyczą ich współczesnych odpowiedników. Wszystkie te zagadnienia są bardzo obszerne i wymagają dogłębnych studiów sejmantycznych, leksykalnych i pragmatycznych. W moim szkicu zajmę się tylko wybraną grupą czasowników o wspólnej cesze: zarówno w słowniku najdawniejszej polszczyzny, jak i w słowniku polszczyzny najnowszej mają taką samą definicję. Skłania to do zastanowienia, czy rzeczywiście można ich używać współcześnie tak samo jak pięć wieków temu, czy definicje słownikowe dają wystarczającą informację o ich miejscu w języku. [fragm. tekstu
The paper raises the problem of the status of word formation facts in a comprehensive description... more The paper raises the problem of the status of word formation facts in a comprehensive description of the language. The author, referring to a discussion that has been going on for several years concerning the morphological or lexical character of derivates, presents additional arguments showing that word formation should be included in lexicology. The basis of this research are historical and linguistic facts certified in Old Polish dictionaries. On the example of lexicalization and tautology phenomena present in ancient Polish language the author tries to point out the groups of derivate lexemes that should also undergo a lexicological analysis
Prace Językoznawcze
Celem podjętych badań jest przedstawienie subiektywizacji jako zjawiska inicjującegoprzemiany, w ... more Celem podjętych badań jest przedstawienie subiektywizacji jako zjawiska inicjującegoprzemiany, w wyniku których przysłówek ogromnie przekształcił się w intensyfikator.Subiektywizacja rozumiana jest jako proces, w którym nadawca komunikatu, opisującobiekty, cechy, czynności bądź procesy, sytuuje je na własnej skali wartości. Utrwaleniesię w strukturze semantycznej jednostki języka znaczenia, którego źródłem jest ocenamówiącego, nazywane jest intersubiektywizacją. Materiał językowy poddany analiziepochodzi z Elektronicznego Korpusu Tekstów Polskich z XVII i XVIII w. (do 1772 r.),Korpusu polszczyzny 1830–1918 oraz Narodowego Korpusu Języka Polskiego. Badaniepolegało na analizie kontekstowej semantycznych i składniowych właściwości jednostekjęzykowych o kształcie ogromnie. Okazało się, że jeszcze w XVI w. przysłówek ogromniefunkcjonował w znaczeniach wynikających z jego etymologii, czyli związanych z wartościąsemantyczną rdzenia -grom-. W kolejnych etapach rozwoju polszczyzny nastąpił p...
LingVaria
The article aims to present the process of forming the discursive function of the imperative form... more The article aims to present the process of forming the discursive function of the imperative form of the verb słuchać (słuchaj). These changes were presented as an example of the process of pragmaticalization. The analysis referred to contemporary and historical semantic context and the syntactic distribution of the form słuchaj. The author listed the conditions in which the form słuchaj should be acknowledged as a discourse marker. The diachronic viewing of the linguistic data attests that there were two triggers in the development of this new function: the regular (systemic) meaning of the imperative mood and the occurrences detached from the etymological meaning.
LingVaria, 2022
On the Development of the Discursive Function of Imperative Forms (on the Example of słuchaj) ke... more On the Development of the Discursive Function of Imperative Forms
(on the Example of słuchaj)
keywords: history of language, historical pragmatics, functional derivation, imperative mood,
pragmaticalization
The article aims to present the process of forming the discursive function of the imperative form of the verb słuchać (słuchaj). These changes were presented as an example of the process of pragmaticalization The analysis referred to contemporary and historical semantic context and the syntactic distribution of the form słuchaj The author listed the conditions in which the form słuchaj should be acknowledged as a discourse marker. The diachronic viewing of the linguistic data attests that there were two triggers in the development of this new function: the regular (systemic) meaning of the imperative mood and the occurrences detached from the etymological meaning.
Prace Językoznawcze, 2022
The article presents subjectivisation as the process that initiated the changes that transformed ... more The article presents subjectivisation as the process that initiated the changes that transformed the adverb ogromnie [enormously] into an intensifier. Subjectivisation is understood as a process in which a sender communicates a message presenting objects, habits or processes, situating them on his scale of values. The fixation in the semantic structure of the unit of the language of meaning, the source of which is the speaker's evaluation is called intersubjectivisation.
The linguistic material analysed comes from the Electronic Corpus of 17th- and 18th-century Polish Texts (up to 1772), the Polish Language Corpus 1830–1918 and the National Corpus of Polish. The study consisted of a contextual analysis of linguistic units' semantic and syntactic properties in the shape ogromnie. It turned out that even in the 16th century, the adverb ogromnie functioned in the meanings resulting from its etymology, that is related to the meaning of the root -grom-. In the subsequent stages of the development of the Polish language, there was a process of lexicalization, i.e. breaking the semantic link with the base adverb ogromnie. The intensifier expanded its categorical collocability compared to the adverb but limited semantic collocability and it coexists only with graduated predicates. The contemporary intensifier ogromnie has wholly lost its connection with its etymon and is an independent language unit belonging to the metatextual level of language.
The historical analysis of the intensifier ogromnie has made it possible to draw both specific and more general conclusions, relating to the role of subjectivisation in the formation of the metatextual level of language. This change is semantic-pragmatic and consists of the fading of the lexical meaning and the simultaneous development of a general meaning related to the speaker's assessment of a given fragment of reality.
keywords: history of Polish language, historical semantics, intensifiers, subjectivisation, intersubjectivisation
Journal of Historical Pragmatics
This paper aims is to analyse the status of selected Polish words: okrutnie (‘cruelly’), straszn... more This paper aims is to analyse the status of selected Polish words: okrutnie
(‘cruelly’), strasznie (‘terribly’) and szalenie (‘madly’). These units are tradi-
tionally considered to be adverbs, and their formal structure and original
meaning indicate derivation from proper adjectives. We presume that
adverbs might develop into intensifiers, which are semantically close to
bardzo (‘very’). By analysing the linguistic material extracted from chrono-
logically differentiated corpora of Polish (korba, kf19 and nkjp), we want to
show how this linguistic process has been evolving over the centuries. Our
research examines quantitative and qualitative collocational data of
okrutnie, strasznie and szalenie with their categorical value and semantic
evaluation (positive, neutral and negative). Our research reveals that the
changing of words’ meaning, and their syntactic function, switched from
the object language to the metalanguage level, is a feature associated with
grammaticalization. We used a statistical chi-square test to verify the proba-
bility of word co-occurrence.
Keywords: adverbs, diachronic corpora, historical linguistics, intensifiers,
Polish
The article is devoted to non-suffixional techniques of univerbation. In the introduction the aut... more The article is devoted to non-suffixional techniques of univerbation. In the introduction the author explains how the term univerbation is understood in the linguistic literature. Next, she proposes her own perception of this term and phenomena. In the main part of the paper the researcher sequentially describes all of the non-suffixional ways of univerbation. They are as follow: cutting of derivational morpheme, compound, substantivation. The writer illustrates her considerations using the examples both from contemporary Polish and former development stages of that language
![Research paper thumbnail of Kilka uwag na (o) "Dzień dobry" [A. Janowska i M. Pastuchowa: "Dzień dobry. Podręcznik do nauki języka polskiego dla początkujących", Katowice 1999, 2002, Katowice-Warszawa 2003]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/93214633/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Postscriptum, 2004
Kilka uwag na (o) Dzieñ dobry Od pierwszego wydania podręcznika Dzień dobry minęło już pięć lat. ... more Kilka uwag na (o) Dzieñ dobry Od pierwszego wydania podręcznika Dzień dobry minęło już pięć lat. Kolejne wydania (II i III) zostały wzbogacone o płytę z nagraniami tekstów oraz o klucz do ćwiczeń. W tym czasie ukazało się też wiele innych materiałów do nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego: podręczników, gier językowych, pomocy do nauczania leksyki i zbiorów ćwiczeń gramatycznych. Możliwość wyboru jest cenna, ale jednocześnie należy pamiętać o konsekwencjach podjętych decyzji. Źle dobrany podręcznik może zniechęcić do nauki i pozbawić radości poznawania nowego języka. Obowiązkiem nauczyciela jest zatem posiadanie doskonałej orientacji w ofercie oraz znajomość oczekiwań grupy, z którą będzie pracował. Chciałybyśmy, aby nasza prezentacja była pomocą dla niezdecydowanych, zachętą dla niepewnych i przede wszystkim rzetelną informacją o podręczniku Dzień dobry. Co należy wiedzieć o Dzień dobry? Książka przeznaczona jest dla osób zaczynających naukę języka polskiego. Została napisana bez użycia języka-medium, zatem można ją polecić także dla grup wielojęzycznych. Do drugiego wydania dołączony został klucz do ćwi
Tarnowska Fundacja Kultury, 1999
Prace Filologiczne, Dec 30, 2021
key words: historical linguistics, historical pragmalinguistics, pragmatic marker, metalanguage, ... more key words: historical linguistics, historical pragmalinguistics, pragmatic marker, metalanguage, history of Polish The author focuses on metatextual uses of the word prawda. She assumes that the source of this kind of occurrence is the object language and for this reason she presents the initial uses of prawda in metatextual meaning. Her analysis leads to a conclusion that both metatextual meanings (metatextual comment and sentence-related comment) have arisen as a result of the elision process; whereas prawda as an interlude is derived from parenthesis. Prawda from the metalanguage plane plays the role of pragmatic marker providing information on the attitude of a sender of the message. The described meaning could be considered as a result of grammaticalization process.
Studies in Polish Linguistics, Dec 31, 2022
The article demonstrates the importance of subjectification processes in shaping the metatextual ... more The article demonstrates the importance of subjectification processes in shaping the metatextual layer of language. Using three lexical units (prawda ‘true, right’, pewnie ‘sure, certainly’ and szalenie ‘extremely, madly’) as examples, the author shows how the en-richment of their semantic structure with a subjective component led to the emergence of new propositional functions and ultimately to the establishment of a new meaning. The study is conducted diachronically, drawing on the oldest attestations of the lexemes in question. Based on a contextual analysis, the moment the meanings with a subjective component appeared is identified. The results unequivocally demonstrate that subjectification has its origin in the pragmatic domain, while its consequences are visible on the semantic level. The language material comes from both lexicographic sources and cor-pora. The analysis shows that subjectification is correlated with formal changes includ-ing loss of inflectional endings, loss of morphological properties, recategorization, and syntactic isolation. The paper provides evidence for the need for in-depth comparative diachronic research on subjectification. Keywords diachrony, history of the Polish language, language change, historical pragmatics, sub-jectification, metatextual expressions
Studies in Polish Linguistics, 2023
The article demonstrates the importance of subjectification processes in shaping the metatextual ... more The article demonstrates the importance of subjectification processes in shaping the metatextual layer of language. Using three lexical units (prawda ‘true, right’, pewnie ‘sure, certainly’ and szalenie ‘extremely, madly’) as examples, the author shows how the en-richment of their semantic structure with a subjective component led to the emergence of new propositional functions and ultimately to the establishment of a new meaning. The study is conducted diachronically, drawing on the oldest attestations of the lexemes in question. Based on a contextual analysis, the moment the meanings with a subjective component appeared is identified. The results unequivocally demonstrate that subjectification has its origin in the pragmatic domain, while its consequences are visible on the semantic level. The language material comes from both lexicographic sources and cor-pora. The analysis shows that subjectification is correlated with formal changes includ-ing loss of inflectional endings, loss of morphological properties, recategorization, and syntactic isolation. The paper provides evidence for the need for in-depth comparative diachronic research on subjectification.
Keywords
diachrony, history of the Polish language, language change, historical pragmatics, sub-jectification, metatextual expressions
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej, 2009
Język Polski
How to combine historical language units in functional sets? The problems with isolating the appo... more How to combine historical language units in functional sets? The problems with isolating the appositions (reactives) in the historical language material The article presents problems connected with applying the synchronous division into parts of speech to the historical language material. The author assumes that it is impossible to conform all the contemporary findings to the historical analysis. As a consequence, she adopts the term historical unit of language which was proposed by Piotr Sobotka. The example of lexical units (which in some synchronous studies fall into a category called ‘appositions’) proves that when taking a historical approach into account the aforementioned units do not fulfil the criteria for parts of speech. The presented arguments refer both to the synchronous division concerning parts of speech (e.g. how to separate an apposition from an interjection) and to practical problems (e.g. the multitude of discontinuous lexical units in the function of apposition). In the conclusion the author suggests not using the term ‘apposition’ as well as treating the distinguished units as a function of specific particle types.
W niniejszym artykule chciałabym zasygnalizować niektóre problemy pojawiające się w trakcie opisu... more W niniejszym artykule chciałabym zasygnalizować niektóre problemy pojawiające się w trakcie opisu czasowników staropolskich - ich znaczenia, wchodzenia w związki z imiennymi częściami mowy, oraz ograniczeń pragmatycznych, które dotyczą ich współczesnych odpowiedników. Wszystkie te zagadnienia są bardzo obszerne i wymagają dogłębnych studiów sejmantycznych, leksykalnych i pragmatycznych. W moim szkicu zajmę się tylko wybraną grupą czasowników o wspólnej cesze: zarówno w słowniku najdawniejszej polszczyzny, jak i w słowniku polszczyzny najnowszej mają taką samą definicję. Skłania to do zastanowienia, czy rzeczywiście można ich używać współcześnie tak samo jak pięć wieków temu, czy definicje słownikowe dają wystarczającą informację o ich miejscu w języku. [fragm. tekstu
The paper raises the problem of the status of word formation facts in a comprehensive description... more The paper raises the problem of the status of word formation facts in a comprehensive description of the language. The author, referring to a discussion that has been going on for several years concerning the morphological or lexical character of derivates, presents additional arguments showing that word formation should be included in lexicology. The basis of this research are historical and linguistic facts certified in Old Polish dictionaries. On the example of lexicalization and tautology phenomena present in ancient Polish language the author tries to point out the groups of derivate lexemes that should also undergo a lexicological analysis
Prace Językoznawcze
Celem podjętych badań jest przedstawienie subiektywizacji jako zjawiska inicjującegoprzemiany, w ... more Celem podjętych badań jest przedstawienie subiektywizacji jako zjawiska inicjującegoprzemiany, w wyniku których przysłówek ogromnie przekształcił się w intensyfikator.Subiektywizacja rozumiana jest jako proces, w którym nadawca komunikatu, opisującobiekty, cechy, czynności bądź procesy, sytuuje je na własnej skali wartości. Utrwaleniesię w strukturze semantycznej jednostki języka znaczenia, którego źródłem jest ocenamówiącego, nazywane jest intersubiektywizacją. Materiał językowy poddany analiziepochodzi z Elektronicznego Korpusu Tekstów Polskich z XVII i XVIII w. (do 1772 r.),Korpusu polszczyzny 1830–1918 oraz Narodowego Korpusu Języka Polskiego. Badaniepolegało na analizie kontekstowej semantycznych i składniowych właściwości jednostekjęzykowych o kształcie ogromnie. Okazało się, że jeszcze w XVI w. przysłówek ogromniefunkcjonował w znaczeniach wynikających z jego etymologii, czyli związanych z wartościąsemantyczną rdzenia -grom-. W kolejnych etapach rozwoju polszczyzny nastąpił p...
LingVaria
The article aims to present the process of forming the discursive function of the imperative form... more The article aims to present the process of forming the discursive function of the imperative form of the verb słuchać (słuchaj). These changes were presented as an example of the process of pragmaticalization. The analysis referred to contemporary and historical semantic context and the syntactic distribution of the form słuchaj. The author listed the conditions in which the form słuchaj should be acknowledged as a discourse marker. The diachronic viewing of the linguistic data attests that there were two triggers in the development of this new function: the regular (systemic) meaning of the imperative mood and the occurrences detached from the etymological meaning.
LingVaria, 2022
On the Development of the Discursive Function of Imperative Forms (on the Example of słuchaj) ke... more On the Development of the Discursive Function of Imperative Forms
(on the Example of słuchaj)
keywords: history of language, historical pragmatics, functional derivation, imperative mood,
pragmaticalization
The article aims to present the process of forming the discursive function of the imperative form of the verb słuchać (słuchaj). These changes were presented as an example of the process of pragmaticalization The analysis referred to contemporary and historical semantic context and the syntactic distribution of the form słuchaj The author listed the conditions in which the form słuchaj should be acknowledged as a discourse marker. The diachronic viewing of the linguistic data attests that there were two triggers in the development of this new function: the regular (systemic) meaning of the imperative mood and the occurrences detached from the etymological meaning.
Prace Językoznawcze, 2022
The article presents subjectivisation as the process that initiated the changes that transformed ... more The article presents subjectivisation as the process that initiated the changes that transformed the adverb ogromnie [enormously] into an intensifier. Subjectivisation is understood as a process in which a sender communicates a message presenting objects, habits or processes, situating them on his scale of values. The fixation in the semantic structure of the unit of the language of meaning, the source of which is the speaker's evaluation is called intersubjectivisation.
The linguistic material analysed comes from the Electronic Corpus of 17th- and 18th-century Polish Texts (up to 1772), the Polish Language Corpus 1830–1918 and the National Corpus of Polish. The study consisted of a contextual analysis of linguistic units' semantic and syntactic properties in the shape ogromnie. It turned out that even in the 16th century, the adverb ogromnie functioned in the meanings resulting from its etymology, that is related to the meaning of the root -grom-. In the subsequent stages of the development of the Polish language, there was a process of lexicalization, i.e. breaking the semantic link with the base adverb ogromnie. The intensifier expanded its categorical collocability compared to the adverb but limited semantic collocability and it coexists only with graduated predicates. The contemporary intensifier ogromnie has wholly lost its connection with its etymon and is an independent language unit belonging to the metatextual level of language.
The historical analysis of the intensifier ogromnie has made it possible to draw both specific and more general conclusions, relating to the role of subjectivisation in the formation of the metatextual level of language. This change is semantic-pragmatic and consists of the fading of the lexical meaning and the simultaneous development of a general meaning related to the speaker's assessment of a given fragment of reality.
keywords: history of Polish language, historical semantics, intensifiers, subjectivisation, intersubjectivisation
Journal of Historical Pragmatics
This paper aims is to analyse the status of selected Polish words: okrutnie (‘cruelly’), straszn... more This paper aims is to analyse the status of selected Polish words: okrutnie
(‘cruelly’), strasznie (‘terribly’) and szalenie (‘madly’). These units are tradi-
tionally considered to be adverbs, and their formal structure and original
meaning indicate derivation from proper adjectives. We presume that
adverbs might develop into intensifiers, which are semantically close to
bardzo (‘very’). By analysing the linguistic material extracted from chrono-
logically differentiated corpora of Polish (korba, kf19 and nkjp), we want to
show how this linguistic process has been evolving over the centuries. Our
research examines quantitative and qualitative collocational data of
okrutnie, strasznie and szalenie with their categorical value and semantic
evaluation (positive, neutral and negative). Our research reveals that the
changing of words’ meaning, and their syntactic function, switched from
the object language to the metalanguage level, is a feature associated with
grammaticalization. We used a statistical chi-square test to verify the proba-
bility of word co-occurrence.
Keywords: adverbs, diachronic corpora, historical linguistics, intensifiers,
Polish
The article is devoted to non-suffixional techniques of univerbation. In the introduction the aut... more The article is devoted to non-suffixional techniques of univerbation. In the introduction the author explains how the term univerbation is understood in the linguistic literature. Next, she proposes her own perception of this term and phenomena. In the main part of the paper the researcher sequentially describes all of the non-suffixional ways of univerbation. They are as follow: cutting of derivational morpheme, compound, substantivation. The writer illustrates her considerations using the examples both from contemporary Polish and former development stages of that language
Postscriptum, 2004
Kilka uwag na (o) Dzieñ dobry Od pierwszego wydania podręcznika Dzień dobry minęło już pięć lat. ... more Kilka uwag na (o) Dzieñ dobry Od pierwszego wydania podręcznika Dzień dobry minęło już pięć lat. Kolejne wydania (II i III) zostały wzbogacone o płytę z nagraniami tekstów oraz o klucz do ćwiczeń. W tym czasie ukazało się też wiele innych materiałów do nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego: podręczników, gier językowych, pomocy do nauczania leksyki i zbiorów ćwiczeń gramatycznych. Możliwość wyboru jest cenna, ale jednocześnie należy pamiętać o konsekwencjach podjętych decyzji. Źle dobrany podręcznik może zniechęcić do nauki i pozbawić radości poznawania nowego języka. Obowiązkiem nauczyciela jest zatem posiadanie doskonałej orientacji w ofercie oraz znajomość oczekiwań grupy, z którą będzie pracował. Chciałybyśmy, aby nasza prezentacja była pomocą dla niezdecydowanych, zachętą dla niepewnych i przede wszystkim rzetelną informacją o podręczniku Dzień dobry. Co należy wiedzieć o Dzień dobry? Książka przeznaczona jest dla osób zaczynających naukę języka polskiego. Została napisana bez użycia języka-medium, zatem można ją polecić także dla grup wielojęzycznych. Do drugiego wydania dołączony został klucz do ćwi
Tarnowska Fundacja Kultury, 1999
Osamnaesta međunarodna naučna konferencija Komisije za tvorbu riječi Međunarodnog komiteta slavista Univerbacija/Univerbizacija u slavenskim jezicimasarajevo, 2018
The paper presents three ways of creating univerbism: 1. cutting of word formative morpheme (eg. ... more The paper presents three ways of creating univerbism: 1. cutting of word formative morpheme (eg. kompakt < płyta kompaktowa), 2. compound (eg. ekogospodarstwo < gospodarstwo ekologiczne), 3. substativation (eg. mielony < kotlet mielony). The author proves that non-suffixional derivation predominates in the contemporary Polish word formative system. The gathered material dates back to Old Polish as well as to the contemporary language. The analyses demonstrate that some univerbation techniques were present also in the historical Polish (eg. substativation – compare budna opłata > budne and disintegration of the word stem – compare chłodne miejsce > chłód). The author is
convinced that the research of the contemporary Polish could support and enrich the analyses of old Polish language and, at the same time, the old material can verify the hypothesis on modern language.
Globalization and Slavic Word Formation, 2019
The Role of Word Formation in Stabilisation of Anglicisms in Polish key words: word formation, En... more The Role of Word Formation in Stabilisation of Anglicisms in Polish
key words: word formation, English borrowings in Polish, language stability
ABSTRACT
The article concentrates on word formation factors that support stabilization of English loan words in Polish. The lexical material was excerpted from two dictionaries: Angielskie elementy leksykalne w polszczyźnie (1994) and Słownik zapożyczeń angielskich w polszczyźnie (2010). The comparison of those sources leads to the conclusion that the following factors influence stabilization: the presence of roots from classical languages (e.g. edytor); the presence of secondary morphemes with classical provenience (e.g. detoks); a real or potential word formation nest (e.g. test, testować, tester, testowy); the presence of an earlier stratum of borrowings in language-recipient (e.g. park – parking); the identity (true or only formal) regarding the morphemes’ composition of the loan words and native words (e.g. amonal vs. nochal).
Poradnik Językowy, 2023
Artykuł podejmuje problem badania dawnego dialogu potocznego. Autorka, odnosząc się zarówno do ba... more Artykuł podejmuje problem badania dawnego dialogu potocznego. Autorka, odnosząc się zarówno do badań historycznojęzykowych, jaki i synchronicznych, proponuje możliwości rozszerzenia studiów nad potoczną odmianą języka. W tego typu badaniach większą uwagę należy poświęcać warstwie metatekstowej, a w szczególności tzw. operatorom pragmatycznym (operatorom kontaktu, przerywnikom leksykalnym, komentarzom metatekstowym, itp.). Podkreślona została także waga analiz diachronicznych prowadzonych w ramach teorii aktów mowy, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem aktów mowy realizujących się w sytuacji dialogicznej (np. obelga, dezaprobata, komplement). Tak rozumiane studia nad dawnym dialogiem potocznym możliwe są dzięki powstającym korpusom diachronicznym.
słowa klucze: językoznawstwo historyczne, pragmalingwistyka historyczna, potoczność, dawny dialog
Jazyková zmena a pramene jej skúmania, 2021
key words: historical linguistics, polar answers, grammaticalization, lexicalization, Polish lang... more key words: historical linguistics, polar answers, grammaticalization, lexicalization, Polish language
The author considers two diachronic processes: lexicalization and grammaticalization, in the context of the so called polar answers. The starting point for these deliberations are the definitions taken from linguistic literature. The common places and divergences of grammaticalization and lexicalization are presented, in order to give evidence that polar answers are predominantly a product of grammaticalization, rather than lexicalization. Since polar answers belong to the space of dialogue, they should be considered included within the notion and term pragmaticalization, for the purpose of analysis. This term refers to linguistic expressions which play a role in the building of a dialogue’s cohesion and can be treated as expressions that convey information about a sender’s / addressee's attitude (e.g. zapewne, owszem, naturalnie, absolutnie, ba). In the last part of the article the author points out the most crucial needs for historical pragmatics in Polish linguistic research and puts forth propositions for future research.
W kręgu dawnej polszczyzny, 2021
The article presents the possibilities and limitations of diachronic pragmatic analysis in the di... more The article presents the possibilities and limitations of diachronic pragmatic analysis in the diachronic subdiscipline of pragmalingui¬stics. The current research in European diachronic linguistics allowed us to make some preliminary assumptions about markers of old collo¬quial dialogue. We started our examination from the analysis of selec¬ted speech-related text types (constructed dialogues) in terms of how linguistically close they are to spoken face-to-face interaction. Presen¬ted plans for corpus research are based on the selected texts of Po¬lish dramas from 1772–1939 (drama bourgeois in the Enlightenment, social and moral comedy in the positivism, naturalistic drama in the Young Poland, realistic drama in the interwar period). The outlined project, called „Korpus dawnych tekstów dramatycznych” [The Cor¬pus of Old Polish Dramas], was inspired by historical English corpora (see A Corpus of English Dialogues 1560–1760 – CED); also refers to Polish achievements in historical corpora of the Polish language (see The Electronic Corpus of the 17th and 18th c. Polish Texts (until 1772) – KorBa, A Corpus of Polish Language of 1830-1918 – F19).
Elena Koriakowcewa red., Współczesne językoznawstwo słowiańskie, t. II Metody analizy i opisu jednostek leksykalnych i tekstowych, 2016
Wyrazy funkc-yjne jakc staropelskie repliki dialagowe Wstęp Jędnostki jęryka, ktore są przedmiote... more Wyrazy funkc-yjne jakc staropelskie repliki dialagowe Wstęp Jędnostki jęryka, ktore są przedmiotem nińejszego feksfu, sytuują się w obszatach,klóre nie Ęlko, że nie mają jasno określonych granic, a|eptzede wszystkim językontawstwo polonisĘczne nie dysponuje w odniesieniu do nich precyzyjnymi terminamr czy nawet omówieniami, które miaĘby postać ostatecznych ustalęń.
Dialog z tradycją, t. III Język – Komunikacja – Kultura, t. III, red. R. Dźwigoł, I. Steczko, 2015
Moda zawsze ze)mu)e linię graniczną między przeszłością a przyszłością i w konsekwencji przenikni... more Moda zawsze ze)mu)e linię graniczną między przeszłością a przyszłością i w konsekwencji przeniknięta jest silniejszym poczuciem teraźniejszości' (...) niź inne zjawiska' Georg Simmel, Filozofa ru04 0905) oda i tradycja to pojęcia, które odnoszą się do wielu zjawisk życia, zarówno w wymiarze indywidualnym, jak i spolecznym.
J. Tambor, A. Achtelik red., Sztuka to rzemiosło. , 2013
Magd U alen niwersyt a el Pastuchowa Śląski, Katowice Słowotw rstwo _ spos b na nazywanie śWiata ... more Magd U alen niwersyt a el Pastuchowa Śląski, Katowice Słowotw rstwo _ spos b na nazywanie śWiata Czy CzęśĆ systemu gramatycznego? 1. Wprowadzenie ieregularrroŚć proces w słowotw rczyclr była przedmiolem wielu tekst w lingwistycznycir, takze tych przyjmujących perspektywę glottoclydaktyczną.
Jak badać teksty staropolskie, red. T. Mika, D. Rojszczak-Robińska, O. Stramczewska, 2015
Sztuka i rzemiosło. Nauczyć Polski i polskiego, t. 2, red. A. Achtelik, M. Kita, J. Tambor, 2010
Postuchowo Rolo nouczonio słowotworstwo w ksztołtowoniU kompetencji językowej cudZoziemcoW formuł... more Postuchowo Rolo nouczonio słowotworstwo w ksztołtowoniU kompetencji językowej cudZoziemcoW formułowanię defi nicj i tetminu komp et encj a j ęzykowa lingwistyka zawdzięcza generatywizmowi. I choć glottodydaktyka nie podkreśla wyraźnie związkow z tym nuftem badari językoznawczych, to nię można zapominać, Że zapropanowane przez Chomsky'ego rozrożnienię na kompetencję i performancję, czyli rzeczywisty poziom posługiwania się językiem, zaowocowało wieloma szczegołowymi rozwiązarllamj uĄĄeczrtyml w nauczaniu język w obcych. Oczywiście, należy pamiętać, że generaĘwiści odnosili rozumienie kompetencji i wykonania (performancji) do rodzimych użytkownik w jęzryka, podkreślając, żę cbodzi im o zintemalizowatą, anie nabytą i przyswojoną znajomość reguł gramaĘcznych (Zabrocki 1990). Nie bęz ztaczęnia j est tez fakt, Że do wszystkich ustaieri dochodzą oni, przyj muj ąc punkt widzenia nadawcy, natomiast dla rozyvłżai o charakterze glottodydako'cznym ważniejsze jest rozr żtięrlię na kompetencj ę nadawczą i odbiorczą orazprzyjęcie nahrralnej' jak się wydaje, kolejności kształcęnia: od kompetencji odbiorczej do nadawczej'
Zielonogórskie seminaria językoznawcze, 2018
Y пошуках гармонії мови, ed. Є.А. Карпіловська, Л.П. Кислюк, Ю.В. Романюк, А.О. Савенко, 2020
Głównym celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na rolę wyrażeń funkcyjnych w budowaniu pojęcia. Auto... more Głównym celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na rolę wyrażeń funkcyjnych w budowaniu pojęcia. Autorka przyjmuje historyczną perspektywę oglądu, wskazując na genezę wyrażeń funkcyjnych wchodzących do przestrzeni pojęciowej. W artykule podkreśla się odmienność jednostek autosemantycznych i synsemantycznych jako składników pola pojęciowego.
Sztuka czy rzemiosło? Nauczyć Polski i polskiego, 2007
o JĘZYKU lll('()s()l)()wc lwlrrtltltctnatt)wę -/.' (dęby, płoty, psy, koĘ) tllctlstllttlwc Z loma... more o JĘZYKU lll('()s()l)()wc lwlrrtltltctnatt)wę -/.' (dęby, płoty, psy, koĘ) tllctlstllttlwc Z lomalcm zakoilczonymna k, g: -i (ptaki, płotki, stojrłki) tlstlllrlwe Z tomatem zakoilczonym na k, g, r: -y (urzędnicy, biolodzy, doktorzy) t'l ;,' |' l;.'Ż, N o r w e gow ie, dy rekto row ie t l s obowe twardotemato w ei: (c hł op i, s tu de nc i, s ąs iedz i)
Semantyka leksemów konotujących humanizm. Humanistyczne teorie języka, red. A. Janowska, M. Pastuchowa, R. Pawelec, 2011
Staropolszczyzna piękna i interesująca, t. 1, red. E. Koniusz, S. Cygan, 2006
llogdolcno Postuchowo (Kotowice) "NIEPEŁN^ oBEcNosĆ" -o LEKSE|1^CH ST^RoPoLSKICH " wvsrĘPuJĄcYcH ... more llogdolcno Postuchowo (Kotowice) "NIEPEŁN^ oBEcNosĆ" -o LEKSE|1^CH ST^RoPoLSKICH " wvsrĘPuJĄcYcH wE wsPÓŁcZEsNEJ P}LSZCZYŹN|E W OCRANICZONEJ POSTACI odmiennośc staropolszczyzny od współczesnej postaci języka,różnice w Systemie grarnatyQznym' zasobie leksykalnym czy wreszcie przemiany semantyczne są ciągle przedmiotem zainteresowania historykow języka. Nięco rzadziej mowi się natomiast o ciągłości tradycjijęzykowejl, o miejscach wspólnych języka sprzed wie_ ków i tego dzisiejszego.Zakłada sięz, ze skoro nasza kornpetencjajest wystarczająca, aby odbierać dawne teksty' to trzon języka pozostał niezmienny i więcej uwagi na\eży poświęcić temu' co różnęntż temu, co wspólne.
Historia języka w XXI wieku. Stan i perspektywy, 2018
Inspiracją do napisania tego tekstu były comiesięczne spotkania nauko we Zakładu Leksykologii i S... more Inspiracją do napisania tego tekstu były comiesięczne spotkania nauko we Zakładu Leksykologii i Semantyki Instytutu Języka Polskiego im. Ireny Bajerowej. Dyskusje i spory, które prowadziliśmy, bardzo często toczyły się wokół kwestii metodycznych i metodologicznych. Warto dodać, że dyskutantami nie byli tylko historycy języka -co więcej, ci zwykle byli w mniejszości (na wiasem mówiąc, skład tego Zakładu to argument za zasadnością powoływania heterogenicznych zespołów badawczych -są one mniej spójne tematycznie czy metodologicznie właśnie, ale skutkuje to częstokroć nowymi pomysłami, a przede wszystkim buduje niezbędny dystans i refleksję na temat własnych poglądów naukowych).
Współczesny i dawny obraz mężczyzny w języku, 2016
Is it only a “Man’s thing”? - the old and contemporary images of handymen The aim of the paper i... more Is it only a “Man’s thing”? - the old and contemporary images of handymen
The aim of the paper is to present a portrait of the contemporary handyman in the context of the changes taking place in the contemporary (self) creation of men. The authors put forward a thesis stating that the image of a handyman presented in the media reflects the stratification of the image of men in modern culture. The authors use the example of online advertising campaigns to show that the creation of the image of (male) handyman is in a close relation to the changes going on in modern culture and takes place in parallel. An additional argument to confirm this thesis is a comparison of modern day handyman and the corresponding creation from past decades. The background for these considerations is set by the personage of Adam Słodowy who personified the handyman of the 1970’s. This reference accentuates the traits present in today’s discourse.
Publikacja odzwierciedla stanowisko autorów. Biuro Mechanizmów Finansowych ani Operator Programu ... more Publikacja odzwierciedla stanowisko autorów. Biuro Mechanizmów Finansowych ani Operator Programu Edukacja nie ponoszą odpowiedzialności za umieszczoną w niej zawartość merytoryczną ani za sposób wykorzystanych w niej informacji.
Ukryte dziedzictwo. Ślady dawnej leksyki w słownictwie współczesnej polszczyzny, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 2008
The work constitutes a lexical-word-formation study connecting contemporary phenomena with the hi... more The work constitutes a lexical-word-formation study connecting contemporary phenomena with the historical ones. The author makes an attempt to reach the old (mainly Old-Polish) words or phrasal verbs preserved in today’s lexical units. The methods used in this book are both synchronic and diachronic, in order to make it possible for the reader to find similarities and differences between them. She makes an attempt to describe the forms and mediums of existence of the lexical tradition in the contemporary Polish lexis. As lexicalization is the most common transformation allowing the stability of the Polish lexis, the author specifies and broadens the scope of the notion, referring it to the rules existing in linguistics. What complements considerations on lexicalization are reflections concerning related phenomena, such as grammaticalization and lexical semantic change. What is important is the chapter devoted to language competence and language awareness of the contemporary Polish language users as compared to those centuries ago. The presence of history in the contemporary language awareness is seen, among other things, in the phenomena tightly connected with the language sphere, usually at the level of a colloquial reception of linguistic phenomena. Hence, a reinterpretation and folk etymology, which is its extraordinary realization were thoroughly discussed here. The basis of these processes constitutes the unrealized knowledge which does not undergo the linguistic discourse, playing an important role in consolidating the lexis of the language tradition. The aim of the work is not a description of a given stage of the Polish language development or the presentation of the evolution of a given language. The author shows herself as an aware language user and researcher who observes language, not dividing the facts into the old and contemporary, into the purely linguistic and cognitive ones. Such a point of view is, among other things, conditioned by the subject of observation - being not a given language category but notions going beyond the cultural areas - legacy and tradition, having their own realizations at the lexical level.
Zmiany semantyczne i strukturalne czasownoków odrzeczownikowych w polszczyźnie, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 2000
The book deals with numerous and miltifarious structures referred to as denominal verbs and their... more The book deals with numerous and miltifarious structures referred to as denominal verbs and their semantic development in the history of Polish. The organization in as follows: general characteristics of denominal verbs (Chapter One), ways of classification (Chapter Two),
development of transpositional derivatives (Chapter Three), changes in mutational formations (Chapter Four), status of verbs derived from foreign bases (Chapter Five), lexicalization of denominal verbs (Chapter Six).
The main objective of this monograph is tio describe the invariable set of semantic and structural features of denominal verbal constructions and also to indicate those elements that doundergo changes. The dynamic approach makes this book useful for both diachronic and synchronic studies of Polish.
In Chapter One the author discusses the terminology, methodological problems and the adequacy of the existing tools of study. The most satisfactory results are achieved owing to the combination of historical linguistics methods with those of modem synchronic word formation.
The definition of denominal verbs adopted by the author allows one to include and exclude certain examples.
Referring to previous works of Polish and foreign slavicists, in Chapter Two the author presentes various classications of denominal formations in two major groups: those that represent structural linguistics and those that might be called semanto-syntactic. In the final part she proposes her own classification, which she believes to be the most adequate for her material.
Since transpositional formations make up a major part of her language material, the author has decided to devote a separate chapter (Chapter Three) to the study of those derivatives, where subsequent sections deal with verbs of different transpositional formulas. Here we also find the analysis of dependencies between word formation paraphrases and analytic constructions.
Chapter Four is a detailed semantic description of mutational formations, where prefixed verbs are discussed separately, as their formal and semantic structures are different from other
formations.
The title of Chapter Five "Derivation or adaptation? Verbs derived from foreign bases" points to the existence of a certain number of formations which are derived so regularly that one might tend to believe that this phenomenon resembles inflectional processes. The problem is referred to the ongoing debate in Polish linguistics about he fuzzy borderline between inflection and word formation.
In Chapter Six the author considers various lexicalization models on the basis of numerous examples. She comes to he conclusion that whereas some derovatives are fully lexicalized, in others the process of lexicalization is not complete yet. She also pays attention to the relationship between lexicalization and semantic change.
Polskie wyrażenia o funkcji dopowiedzeniowej - historia i współczesność , 2020
The monograph is devoted to the topic of language expressions which function in Polish as self-st... more The monograph is devoted to the topic of language expressions which function in Polish as self-standing answers to decision questions. In terms of research material, the work does not restrict it to a single selected period, but rather obtains it from various epochs, since the paramount purpose of the presented research is to describe the dynamics of language development, and therefore assigning particular language facts to corresponding historical periods is here of a lesser significance. What is the most important here is searching for certain patterns along with historical justifications facilitating a functional shift in uttering of a given expression (e.g. naturalnie (adverb) > naturalnie (particle) > naturalnie (self-standing answer to a decision question)). The purpose of the presented investigations is eliciting expressions which appear in the function of self-standing answers to decision questions, defining their relation with homonymous forms occurring in other functions, and identifying the historical sources of their contemporary semantic values. Moreover, the attempts are made to indicate mechanisms of creating new expressions with a polar answer function.
The work’s structure is entirely derivative of the semantic criterion, therefore, the language units/expressions which are subsequently discussed include: units/expressions which answer decision questions, express disagreement or lack of consent, or negate the content expressed by preceding decision question (Chapter III); then there are discussed units/expressions which stand as autonomous expressions of agreement/consent or an affirmative answer to a decision question (Chapter IV). The final research material-based chapter (V) describes the units which express various degree of the interlocutor’s unsureness in relation to a question asked. The semantics of the sequences under analysis is encapsulated by the following paralocutions [phrases expressing analogous content]: ‘yes, I agree with what my interlocutor has said’ / ‘yes, I confirm what my interlocutor has said’ or ‘no, I do not agree / no, I do not confirm’; in the case of units expressing unsureness, the generalised meaning is the following: ‘the unsureness (of a judgement) in relation to the question asked by another participant of a dialogue (the previous speaker)’. The research material-based chapters have been designed according to similar pattern, so that a reader can compare both historical and lexicographic knowledge related to the topic of expressions selected for description with the conducted interpretations.
I approach the development of a new function as a kind of functional derivation. The material gathered testifies to the fact that in many cases a polar answer function is created based on a particle which, in turn, is derived from a homonymous adverb (e.g. oczywiście, absolutnie). The transitions of the said kind are sometimes accompanied by mechanism visible in surface structure, that is, ellipsis and composition. The former is among others represented by być może > może, as illustrated by the following examples:
Miałby pan kłopoty, prawda? Być może. Kloss nie tracił spokoju.
Co, miałaś wizje religijne? – Może.
While an example of composition as a mechanism resulting in expressions with a polar answer function are contemporary colloquial answers to decision questions, for instance:
Czy jak się spotykasz z przyjaciółmi, to oferujesz im granie na konsoli? No raczej.
Gorzałka. Chcesz? No chyba.
The point of departure for the provided descriptions of answers to decision questions is always semantics, yet complemented with pragmatic information in accordance with the cumulative pragmatic theory. The foregoing assumption mainly necessitates referring to the semantic values of particles which have become a basis of a polar answer function’s development. Epistemic particles are naturally predisposed to this aim, since they comment upon epistemic acts, that is, operate within the realm of knowledge. In the case of answer to decision questions, so an answer that occurs in a dialogue, it is necessary to specify that such a commentary, which conveys the sender’s information regarding the level of sureness, in fact refers to a question from the dialogue. This very reservation bars some of the epistemic particles from becoming polar answers. Since an interrogative sentence is neither a sentence in the understanding of logic, nor is it a judgement, answers to decision questions may, therefore, originate from both the particles implying that a given state of affairs is actual (e.g. na pewno) and from the particles devoid of the mentioned feature (e.g. chyba). However, particles implying factuality of a given judgement may not be, for the reasons already stated, basis for polar answers (e.g. faktycznie). Also units which, from today’s point of view, qualify as instances of meta-textual commentary, constitute bases for their usage as polar answers (e.g. ba).