Corey Butler | Southwest Minnesota State University (original) (raw)
Papers by Corey Butler
Two studies examined the relation between competitive orientation and emotion in recreational boa... more Two studies examined the relation between competitive orientation and emotion in recreational board gamers. As hypothesized, among both chess players (N = 106) and hobby board gamers (N = 445), individuals with hypercompetitive attitudes reported more negative affect after playing games, and individuals with personal development competitive attitudes reported more positive affect. A relatively small association between hypercompetitiveness and positive affect was also found in both samples. The results are discussed in terms of motivation and personality theory, as well as their implications for parenting and personal development. Competitive orientation appears to be an important but relatively neglected mental health issue in contemporary society.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 00224545 1993 9713935, Jul 1, 2010
J Soc Psychol, 1997
BUTLER, RYCKMAN, THORNTON, AND BOUCHARD (1993) used a free-response format to investigate the ent... more BUTLER, RYCKMAN, THORNTON, AND BOUCHARD (1993) used a free-response format to investigate the entire domain of traits that US university stu-dents associate with physique. This effort produced a substantial list of traits that, although approximating the full range of the ...
Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 2000
Authoritarianism, the tendency to be hierarchical, conventional, and intolerant, has been implica... more Authoritarianism, the tendency to be hierarchical, conventional, and intolerant, has been implicated by research as an extreme feature of general right-wing ideology. The relationship between this ideological pattern and variables of personality and emotion was investigated in three ...
The Journal of Social Psychology, 1993
A major limitation of physique stereotyping research is that American subjects have used a restri... more A major limitation of physique stereotyping research is that American subjects have used a restricted set of traits provided by the experimenter to evaluate endomorphs, mesomorphs, and ectomorphs. A free-response procedure was used in Study 1 to identify the full domain of traits associated with each physique. Although many of the traits identified were similar to those used in previous research, a number of new trait dimensions were uncovered. In Study 2, the large number of traits generated with the free-response format was reduced by combining synonyms. This new set of traits was placed in semantic differential format and given to a new sample of subjects to evaluate. The results paralleled those of the first study with the exception that ectomorphs were seen more favorably. This discrepancy, as well as the fact that raters listed trait antonyms within each of the three major physiques in Study 1, suggests the possibility of unique subtypes within the global stereotypes. Examples of these subtypes are proposed.
Journal of Personality Assessment, 1994
Authoritarianism can be defined as the covariation of authoritarian submission, authoritarian agg... more Authoritarianism can be defined as the covariation of authoritarian submission, authoritarian aggression, and conventionalism (Altemeyer, 1981). All three of these tendencies involve adherence to specific standards of behavior, standards that could be exposed to threat and disruption. This study is an investigation of the self-reported fear of authoritarians in response to threats. A sample of 126 university students was exposed to a series of pictures of potentially threatening people and situations. In general, participants with high scores on authoritarianism were more fearful than participants with low scores. This result was found for both social threats (i.e. social differences, social disorder) and personal threats (i.e. animals, dangerous situations). The strongest association between authoritarianism and fear involved cases of social differences, defined as elements of a person’s appearance or behavior that involve diversity or deviance from common social norms. Regression analyses also indicated that variation in authoritarianism could be best predicted by fear of social differences. Thus, these data suggest that authoritarians are relatively sensitive to threat, and particularly toward threats involving the “outsider” who does not fit authoritarian standards of uniformity and order. The data are also consistent with recent research and theory that right-wing ideology is at least partly motivated by threat and fear.
The present study replicates Glick, Larsen, Johnson, and Branstiter’s (2005) research showing tha... more The present study replicates Glick, Larsen, Johnson, and Branstiter’s (2005) research showing that a sexy appearance may be detrimental to women in high-status jobs. We used a larger sample and different stimulus materials and evaluation measures. As in the original experiment, participants rated sexually and professionally dressed women in both low- and high-status positions on perceived ability. The results were consistent with the original study and showed that high-status, sexually dressed women receive lower ratings in competence.
Two studies (N = 217) examined the relation between right-wing authoritarianism and a battery of ... more Two studies (N = 217) examined the relation between right-wing authoritarianism and a battery of self-report measures of various fears. The results suggest that high authoritarians are no more fearful of most types of threats (e.g. animals, failure, interpersonal situations) than low authoritarians. High authoritarians are, however, more afraid of situations involving social deviance.
Although there is good evidence linking interpersonal rejection sensitivity to mood and anxiety d... more Although there is good evidence linking interpersonal rejection sensitivity to mood and anxiety disorders, less attention has been given to the social context in which it develops. This study is an investigation of the interpersonal antecedents and consequences of rejection sensitivity. A sample of 104 college students was given the Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (IPSM), the Teasing Questionnaire-Revised (TQ-R), the Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire (ICQ), and retrospective measures of childhood peer acceptance and social support. The results indicate that interpersonal sensitivity is associated with teasing during childhood, but not acceptance and social support. The IPSM was also related to interpersonal competence during adulthood.
Participants were shown a photograph of a woman that had been digitally manipulated to appear eit... more Participants were shown a photograph of a woman that had been digitally manipulated to appear either average-weight or overweight. They were asked to imagine meeting her, and to record their impressions on a set of rating scales designed to measure the interpersonal traits of competence and warmth. Consistent with previous research, the overweight version was rated lower in competency (e.g. sloppiness, laziness) than the average-weight version. There were no differences in perceptions of warmth.
This study was a preliminary investigation of avian diversity in southwestern Minnesota. The prim... more This study was a preliminary investigation of avian diversity in southwestern Minnesota. The primary hypothesis was that diversity would be greatest in a forest habitat, intermediate in a marsh habitat, and lowest in a prairie habitat. A secondary hypothesis was that point counts would yield greater diversity estimates than banding. Neither of these hypotheses was entirely supported by the data. Observed percentages for each species are included for the three habitats.
Talks by Corey Butler
J. COREY BUTLER, Southwest Minnesota State University. 'Fear Responses to Pictures in Right-Wing ... more J. COREY BUTLER, Southwest Minnesota State University. 'Fear Responses to Pictures in Right-Wing Authoritarians.' This study investigated the self-reported fear of authoritarians in response to threats. A sample of 126 university students viewed pictures of threatening people and situations and rated their fear. Results indicate that authoritarians are more fearful than non-authoritarians. They are particularly fearful of situations involving social differences and diversity.
BRIANNA K. BRUSH, J. COREY BUTLER, Southwest Minnesota State University. (78) 'Associations betwe... more BRIANNA K. BRUSH, J. COREY BUTLER, Southwest Minnesota State University. (78) 'Associations between Perceived Quality, Easiness, and Hotness at Ratemyprofessors.com.' RateMyProfessors.com provides an anonymous, online way for college students to evaluate the teaching ability of their professors. This archival analysis investigated relations among gender of professor, physical attractiveness, grading leniency, and overall teaching quality. Results indicated that the predictor variables accounted for 39% of the variance in perceived teaching quality.
Previous research has shown that happiness and mental health are associated with the number of re... more Previous research has shown that happiness and mental health are associated with the number of relationships a person has, but that the association between these variables is relatively small. Unfortunately, most survey research uses short or even single-item measures to quantify interpersonal relationships. The present study uses a detailed social network measure and also examines the role of sense of belonging as a mediator of the relation between network size and subjective well-being. The results show that the association between number of interpersonal relationships and subjective well-being is stronger than previously estimated and largely mediated by sense of belonging.
Threat and fear have been associated with authoritarianism ever since the theory was first propos... more Threat and fear have been associated with authoritarianism ever since the theory was first proposed over fifty years ago. This talk will review past and present research on these topics and examine current conceptions of right-wing ideology as motivated cognition in response to threats. The emotional experience of fear and the corresponding behaviors of escape and avoidance are proposed as important concepts in our understanding of authoritarianism. New data will be presented on the specific people and situations that authoritarians fear the most.
Research on the librarian occupational stereotype is reviewed, and new data are presented from a ... more Research on the librarian occupational stereotype is reviewed, and new data are presented from a study using a free response format to measure the content of the librarian stereotype. This research is discussed in terms of practical consequences of stereotypes, models of stereotype change (Tajfel & Turner, 1985; Webber & Crocker, 1983) and the Continuum Model of Impression Formation (Fiske & Neuberg, 1990).
Two studies examined the relation between competitive orientation and emotion in recreational boa... more Two studies examined the relation between competitive orientation and emotion in recreational board gamers. As hypothesized, among both chess players (N = 106) and hobby board gamers (N = 445), individuals with hypercompetitive attitudes reported more negative affect after playing games, and individuals with personal development competitive attitudes reported more positive affect. A relatively small association between hypercompetitiveness and positive affect was also found in both samples. The results are discussed in terms of motivation and personality theory, as well as their implications for parenting and personal development. Competitive orientation appears to be an important but relatively neglected mental health issue in contemporary society.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 00224545 1993 9713935, Jul 1, 2010
J Soc Psychol, 1997
BUTLER, RYCKMAN, THORNTON, AND BOUCHARD (1993) used a free-response format to investigate the ent... more BUTLER, RYCKMAN, THORNTON, AND BOUCHARD (1993) used a free-response format to investigate the entire domain of traits that US university stu-dents associate with physique. This effort produced a substantial list of traits that, although approximating the full range of the ...
Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 2000
Authoritarianism, the tendency to be hierarchical, conventional, and intolerant, has been implica... more Authoritarianism, the tendency to be hierarchical, conventional, and intolerant, has been implicated by research as an extreme feature of general right-wing ideology. The relationship between this ideological pattern and variables of personality and emotion was investigated in three ...
The Journal of Social Psychology, 1993
A major limitation of physique stereotyping research is that American subjects have used a restri... more A major limitation of physique stereotyping research is that American subjects have used a restricted set of traits provided by the experimenter to evaluate endomorphs, mesomorphs, and ectomorphs. A free-response procedure was used in Study 1 to identify the full domain of traits associated with each physique. Although many of the traits identified were similar to those used in previous research, a number of new trait dimensions were uncovered. In Study 2, the large number of traits generated with the free-response format was reduced by combining synonyms. This new set of traits was placed in semantic differential format and given to a new sample of subjects to evaluate. The results paralleled those of the first study with the exception that ectomorphs were seen more favorably. This discrepancy, as well as the fact that raters listed trait antonyms within each of the three major physiques in Study 1, suggests the possibility of unique subtypes within the global stereotypes. Examples of these subtypes are proposed.
Journal of Personality Assessment, 1994
Authoritarianism can be defined as the covariation of authoritarian submission, authoritarian agg... more Authoritarianism can be defined as the covariation of authoritarian submission, authoritarian aggression, and conventionalism (Altemeyer, 1981). All three of these tendencies involve adherence to specific standards of behavior, standards that could be exposed to threat and disruption. This study is an investigation of the self-reported fear of authoritarians in response to threats. A sample of 126 university students was exposed to a series of pictures of potentially threatening people and situations. In general, participants with high scores on authoritarianism were more fearful than participants with low scores. This result was found for both social threats (i.e. social differences, social disorder) and personal threats (i.e. animals, dangerous situations). The strongest association between authoritarianism and fear involved cases of social differences, defined as elements of a person’s appearance or behavior that involve diversity or deviance from common social norms. Regression analyses also indicated that variation in authoritarianism could be best predicted by fear of social differences. Thus, these data suggest that authoritarians are relatively sensitive to threat, and particularly toward threats involving the “outsider” who does not fit authoritarian standards of uniformity and order. The data are also consistent with recent research and theory that right-wing ideology is at least partly motivated by threat and fear.
The present study replicates Glick, Larsen, Johnson, and Branstiter’s (2005) research showing tha... more The present study replicates Glick, Larsen, Johnson, and Branstiter’s (2005) research showing that a sexy appearance may be detrimental to women in high-status jobs. We used a larger sample and different stimulus materials and evaluation measures. As in the original experiment, participants rated sexually and professionally dressed women in both low- and high-status positions on perceived ability. The results were consistent with the original study and showed that high-status, sexually dressed women receive lower ratings in competence.
Two studies (N = 217) examined the relation between right-wing authoritarianism and a battery of ... more Two studies (N = 217) examined the relation between right-wing authoritarianism and a battery of self-report measures of various fears. The results suggest that high authoritarians are no more fearful of most types of threats (e.g. animals, failure, interpersonal situations) than low authoritarians. High authoritarians are, however, more afraid of situations involving social deviance.
Although there is good evidence linking interpersonal rejection sensitivity to mood and anxiety d... more Although there is good evidence linking interpersonal rejection sensitivity to mood and anxiety disorders, less attention has been given to the social context in which it develops. This study is an investigation of the interpersonal antecedents and consequences of rejection sensitivity. A sample of 104 college students was given the Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (IPSM), the Teasing Questionnaire-Revised (TQ-R), the Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire (ICQ), and retrospective measures of childhood peer acceptance and social support. The results indicate that interpersonal sensitivity is associated with teasing during childhood, but not acceptance and social support. The IPSM was also related to interpersonal competence during adulthood.
Participants were shown a photograph of a woman that had been digitally manipulated to appear eit... more Participants were shown a photograph of a woman that had been digitally manipulated to appear either average-weight or overweight. They were asked to imagine meeting her, and to record their impressions on a set of rating scales designed to measure the interpersonal traits of competence and warmth. Consistent with previous research, the overweight version was rated lower in competency (e.g. sloppiness, laziness) than the average-weight version. There were no differences in perceptions of warmth.
This study was a preliminary investigation of avian diversity in southwestern Minnesota. The prim... more This study was a preliminary investigation of avian diversity in southwestern Minnesota. The primary hypothesis was that diversity would be greatest in a forest habitat, intermediate in a marsh habitat, and lowest in a prairie habitat. A secondary hypothesis was that point counts would yield greater diversity estimates than banding. Neither of these hypotheses was entirely supported by the data. Observed percentages for each species are included for the three habitats.
J. COREY BUTLER, Southwest Minnesota State University. 'Fear Responses to Pictures in Right-Wing ... more J. COREY BUTLER, Southwest Minnesota State University. 'Fear Responses to Pictures in Right-Wing Authoritarians.' This study investigated the self-reported fear of authoritarians in response to threats. A sample of 126 university students viewed pictures of threatening people and situations and rated their fear. Results indicate that authoritarians are more fearful than non-authoritarians. They are particularly fearful of situations involving social differences and diversity.
BRIANNA K. BRUSH, J. COREY BUTLER, Southwest Minnesota State University. (78) 'Associations betwe... more BRIANNA K. BRUSH, J. COREY BUTLER, Southwest Minnesota State University. (78) 'Associations between Perceived Quality, Easiness, and Hotness at Ratemyprofessors.com.' RateMyProfessors.com provides an anonymous, online way for college students to evaluate the teaching ability of their professors. This archival analysis investigated relations among gender of professor, physical attractiveness, grading leniency, and overall teaching quality. Results indicated that the predictor variables accounted for 39% of the variance in perceived teaching quality.
Previous research has shown that happiness and mental health are associated with the number of re... more Previous research has shown that happiness and mental health are associated with the number of relationships a person has, but that the association between these variables is relatively small. Unfortunately, most survey research uses short or even single-item measures to quantify interpersonal relationships. The present study uses a detailed social network measure and also examines the role of sense of belonging as a mediator of the relation between network size and subjective well-being. The results show that the association between number of interpersonal relationships and subjective well-being is stronger than previously estimated and largely mediated by sense of belonging.
Threat and fear have been associated with authoritarianism ever since the theory was first propos... more Threat and fear have been associated with authoritarianism ever since the theory was first proposed over fifty years ago. This talk will review past and present research on these topics and examine current conceptions of right-wing ideology as motivated cognition in response to threats. The emotional experience of fear and the corresponding behaviors of escape and avoidance are proposed as important concepts in our understanding of authoritarianism. New data will be presented on the specific people and situations that authoritarians fear the most.
Research on the librarian occupational stereotype is reviewed, and new data are presented from a ... more Research on the librarian occupational stereotype is reviewed, and new data are presented from a study using a free response format to measure the content of the librarian stereotype. This research is discussed in terms of practical consequences of stereotypes, models of stereotype change (Tajfel & Turner, 1985; Webber & Crocker, 1983) and the Continuum Model of Impression Formation (Fiske & Neuberg, 1990).