Antoine Pécoud | Université Sorbonne Paris Nord / Sorbonne Paris Nord University (original) (raw)

Papers (English) by Antoine Pécoud

Ine Lietaert & Antoine Pécoud (2024) ‘Regional Migration Governance’, in Philippe DE LOMBAERDE (e... more Ine Lietaert & Antoine Pécoud (2024) ‘Regional Migration Governance’, in Philippe DE LOMBAERDE (ed.), Handbook of Regional Cooperation and Integration, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 22-37

American Behavioral Scientist, 2023

Over the past decades, and across different contexts worldwide, migration has become inseparable ... more Over the past decades, and across different contexts worldwide, migration has become inseparable from a narrative of crisis. This article analyses the connection between migration and crisis. It proposes a migration as crisis framework, designed to understand and analyze the emergence of this specific perception of migration, on the basis of an interplay between social "subjective" constructions of reality and "objective" migration dynamics. Migration as crisis rests upon a fragmented, changing, and contested assemblage of events, representations, and practices, which in turn call for specific ways of governing migration. The link between migration and crisis can be activated or not, and may or may not be correlated with empirical realities. By engaging with migration as crisis (rather than migration crisis), the article denaturalizes and historicizes the relationship between migration and crisis, and unpacks the processes through which key actors (including media, policymakers, civil society, and academics) frame migration as such.

American Behavioral Scientist, 2023

In the absence of a binding and coherent international migration regime, the global governance of... more In the absence of a binding and coherent international migration regime, the global governance of migration relies on normative narratives produced by UN agencies and other intergovernmental forums, in line with the discursive legitimacy traditionally associated with international organizations. Such narratives impact migrants, asylumseekers, and refugees because they support certain policy frameworks among member states. Yet, global migration governance remains fragmented, especially as far as the long-standing divide between the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is concerned. This article contributes to this discussion by applying corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis to the narratives produced by these two organizations. The article identifies some of the dominant worldviews in the narratives of IOM and UNHCR. Results show that IOM and UNHCR have distinct worldviews, associated with different textual patterns, and that, while IOM's textual productions seem to influence UNHCR's discourses, the opposite is less true. This would support the view that IOM is currently the leading actor in terms of framing migration, thereby exerting a strong influence on global migration governance.

Journal of Intercultural Studies, 2023

Journal of Borderlands Studies, 2023

Assisted-voluntary returns and information campaigns are common tools in immigration policy. They... more Assisted-voluntary returns and information campaigns are common tools in immigration policy. They participate of a communicative strategy, whereby migrant-receiving states do not only exercise their sovereign right to control their borders, but communicate with migrants about borders and migration. This article discusses the relationship between control and communication. On the one hand, communication is showed to be tactically used to complement and achieve control, leading to the strategic (and usually untruthful) diffusion of negative messages about migration. On the other hand, and like all communication, assisted-voluntary returns and information campaigns rely on a rational/normative basis, by putting forward sensible arguments (for example about the risks associated with unauthorized migration) that appeal to the rationality of the audience and have, to some extent, the performative effect of increasing the acceptability of immigration policy.

Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights, 2022

In the absence of a binding and coherent international migration regime, the global governance of... more In the absence of a binding and coherent international migration regime, the global governance of migration relies on normative narratives produced by UN agencies and other intergovernmental processes, in line with the discursive legitimacy traditionally associated with international organizations. Such narratives impact migrants, asylum-seekers and refugees because they support certain policy frameworks among member states. Yet, global migration governance remains fragmented, especially as far as the long-standing divide between the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is concerned. This article contributes to this discussion by applying Corpus-Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis to the narratives produced by these two organizations. The article identifies some of the dominant worldviews in the narratives of IOM and UNHCR. Results show that IOM and UNHCR have distinct worldviews, associated with different textual patterns, and that, while IOM's textual productions seem to influence UNHCR's discourses, the opposite is less true. This would support the view that IOM is currently the leading actor in terms of framing migration, thereby exerting a strong influence on global migration governance.

Third World Quarterly, 2020

The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) was adopted in 2018 under the au... more The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) was adopted in 2018 under the auspices of the United Nations. In a context in which the global governance of international migration remains weak, and in which states regularly confront migration/refugee crises, the GCM provides an internationally agreed-upon assessment of the political issues raised by international migration and identifies non-binding policy recommendations regarding how governments should address them. This article analyses the content of the GCM in light of the migration-related discussions at the international level since the 1990s. It critically examines its core arguments and argues that, because of the diverging worldviews and interests among governments and other stakeholders, the GCM is marked by major internal contradictions. This results into a depoliticized document and in a political language that hides the dilemmas raised by migration politics. This shows that there is little consensus among states regarding the nature of migration and the political responses that should be elaborated to govern the transnational mobility of people.

Globalizations, 2021

International migration is a key feature of globalization. Yet there is no international migratio... more International migration is a key feature of globalization. Yet there is no international migration regime that would support cooperation and governance at the global level. This makes for enduring and worldwide migration crises. This article identifies five distinct patterns of migration governance: (1) national/sovereign migration governance, according to which migration is an issue of state sovereignty; (2) global anti-migrant governance, which posits that cooperation and governance exist in practice, but either to control migration (global forced immobility governance) or to exploit migrant labour (global labour exploitation governance); (3) global rights-based migration governance, grounded in human rights and international norms; (4) managerial/developmental global migration governance, which aims at steering migration flows to optimize their utility; and (5) the free (non)-governance of migration, premised on ethical and utilitarian arguments in favour of free movement. The article discusses the implications of this typology for understanding current and future prospects of migration governance.

American Behavioral Scientist, 2020

Migrant deaths at the border is a long-standing consequence of border control. The lethal effects... more Migrant deaths at the border is a long-standing consequence of border control. The lethal effects of irregular migration have become articularly salient in the Euro-Mediterranean region since the beginning of the Arab Spring in 2011, as several thousand migrants have been losing their lives every year. This special issue of American Behavioral Scientist revisits the debate on border deaths in the light of this context. This article introduces this special issue and outlines the key arguments developed therein.

The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members o... more The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families (ICMW) is a comprehensive international human rights mechanism adopted by the United Nations in 1990 with the purpose of protecting the migrant workers and members of their families. However, as compared to other international human rights treaties, the ICMW has been less recognized by States. Till date there are only 54 States which have ratified the Convention, 13 signatories, and 131 No action. The aims of this chapter are therefore to provide a general assessment of the Convention and to identify the major obstacles that explain the low level of ratification. The obstacles include political will, legal barriers, economic obstacles, political obstacles, lack of awareness, public attitudes, and national sovereignty. This chapter also sheds light on the limitations of the ICMW in States which have ratified it, namely, Guatemala, Ecuador, Mexico, and Sri Lanka. Overall, the findings reveal that though these States have ratified the ICMW, they do not fully conform to its obligations as there are still legal discrepancies, lack of awareness, corruption, and poor governance. However, the ICMW remains an important and highly relevant international human rights framework to govern the transnational mobility of people.

Groningen Journal of International Law , 2017

The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members o... more The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (ICMW) was adopted in 1990 by the United Nations, but has been ratified by 51 States only, and by no major Western migration-receiving State. This article outlines two interpretations of this low ratification record. On the one hand, it can be understood as puzzling because Western liberal democracies support human rights and because the ICMW does not call for new rights that would not already exist in domestic law or in other international human rights instruments. On the other hand, it can be understood as logical because, from a cost-benefit perspective, the rights of migrants are difficult to reconcile with market logics in destination countries and because there are structural economic forces that make it difficult to reach multilateral agreements on migrant workers' rights. This article further argues that these legal and socio-economic arguments do not exhaust the issue and that the current situation of the ICMW is to a large extent the product of political factors, particularly of the lack of political support for migrants' rights at the international and national levels.

American Behavioral Scientist, 2020

Migrant deaths in border-zones have become a major social and political issue, especially in the ... more Migrant deaths in border-zones have become a major social and political issue, especially in the context of the Euro-Mediterranean refugee/migrant crisis. While media, activists, and policy makers often mention precise figures regarding the number of deaths, little is known about the production of statistical data on this topic. This article explores the politics of counting migrant deaths in Europe. This statistical activity was initiated in the 1990s by civil society organizations with the purpose of shedding light on the deadly consequences of “Fortress Europe” and of challenging states’ control-oriented political strategies. In 2013, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) started to count migrants’ deaths: while this intergovernmental organization seems to follow up on civil society initiatives, it actually works with different political objectives. Rather than criticizing states, IOM aims at conciliating the control of irregular migration with the prevention of deaths. IOM’s statistics on border deaths illustrate the humanitarianization of the border, as denunciation of migrants’ deaths and life-saving activities become integrated in border management and border control. In producing statistics on border deaths, IOM depoliticizes this data and challenges the critical framework that was central to earlier civil society initiatives. Finally, the article explores ways in which statistics on border deaths are being repoliticized to challenge European states’ immigration policies.

Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2018

This article provides a review of the literature on the International Organization for Migration ... more This article provides a review of the literature on the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and serves as an introduction to the JEMS special issue devoted to this organisation. IOM has long been a neglected research topic. Since the 1990s, however, it has experienced substantial growth; its role and visibility in the global politics of migration have increased, which has culminated in IOM's elevation to a UN-related organisation status in 2016. This has spurred growing interest in its history, structure, and activities. The main argument developed in this article is that IOM exemplifies some of the key changes currently taking place in the way international migration is apprehended and governed. This is analysed in terms of four main research issues: (1) the role of IOM in migration politics and its relationship to state sovereignty, (2) IOM's managerial and market-inspired approach to the role of migration in the global economy, (3) IOM's relationship to civil society and the implications of its activities in terms of human rights and humanitarian protection, and (4) IOM's normative influence on the production of knowledge and the way migration is intellectually and politically constructed as a research and policy issue.

Freedom of movement refers to the right of people to circulate without restrictions across the su... more Freedom of movement refers to the right of people to circulate without restrictions across the surface of the world. This may concern either internal or international mobility. In the first case, the issue is whether states allow their citizens to move freely throughout their territory. The second case derives from the Westphalian organization of the world into separate nation-states, which raises the question of the rights and duties of states toward noncitizens and, correspondingly, of the rights and entitlements of human beings who wish or happen to be outside their state. Article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) addresses both internal and international mobility and states that: (1) “Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state” and (2) “Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.”Keywords:cultural diversity;cross-cultural;Geneva Conventions;international agencies;International Law;labor;povertycultural diversity;cross-cultural;Geneva Conventions;international agencies;International Law;labor;poverty

American Behavioral Scientist, 2023

Journal of Intercultural Studies, 2023

Journal of Borderlands Studies, 2023

Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights, 2022

In the absence of a binding and coherent international migration regime, the global governance of... more In the absence of a binding and coherent international migration regime, the global governance of migration relies on normative narratives produced by UN agencies and other intergovernmental processes, in line with the discursive legitimacy traditionally associated with international organizations. Such narratives impact migrants, asylum-seekers and refugees because they support certain policy frameworks among member states. Yet, global migration governance remains fragmented, especially as far as the long-standing divide between the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is concerned. This article contributes to this discussion by applying Corpus-Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis to the narratives produced by these two organizations. The article identifies some of the dominant worldviews in the narratives of IOM and UNHCR. Results show that IOM and UNHCR have distinct worldviews, associated with different textual patterns, and that, while IOM's textual productions seem to influence UNHCR's discourses, the opposite is less true. This would support the view that IOM is currently the leading actor in terms of framing migration, thereby exerting a strong influence on global migration governance.

Third World Quarterly, 2020

Globalizations, 2021

American Behavioral Scientist, 2020

Groningen Journal of International Law , 2017

The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members o... more The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (ICMW) was adopted in 1990 by the United Nations, but has been ratified by 51 States only, and by no major Western migration-receiving State. This article outlines two interpretations of this low ratification record. On the one hand, it can be understood as puzzling because Western liberal democracies support human rights and because the ICMW does not call for new rights that would not already exist in domestic law or in other international human rights instruments. On the other hand, it can be understood as logical because, from a cost-benefit perspective, the rights of migrants are difficult to reconcile with market logics in destination countries and because there are structural economic forces that make it difficult to reach multilateral agreements on migrant workers' rights. This article further argues that these legal and socio-economic arguments do not exhaust the issue and that the current situation of the ICMW is to a large extent the product of political factors, particularly of the lack of political support for migrants' rights at the international and national levels.

American Behavioral Scientist, 2020

Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2018

Drawing together the work of leading researchers from various disciplines and backgrounds, this i... more Drawing together the work of leading researchers from various disciplines and backgrounds, this illuminating Research Handbook contributes to a revitalised understanding of migration governance. It introduces novel debates regarding how actors and institutions shape significant migration dynamics.

This erudite Research Handbook features a systematic review of the analytical framework of global migration governance. Chapters identify and explain key institutions involved in global migration, focusing on changes in patterns and actor behaviours. Key actors explored in the Research Handbook include international organisations, migrant networks, civil society groups, smuggling cartels, religious transnational organisations, security firms and trade unions. Ultimately, it aims to contribute to a renewed understanding of migration drivers and proceedings.

Students and advanced scholars of international relations and politics studying topics such as migration policy will find this thorough Research Handbook to be incredibly valuable. Experts and agents of international and non-government organisations will additionally find it to be beneficial.

Palgrave, 2020

In 2016, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) became part of the United Nations. Wi... more In 2016, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) became part of the United Nations. With 173 member states and more than 400 field offices, the IOM—the new ‘UN migration agency’—plays a key role in migration governance. The contributors in this volume provide an in-depth and comprehensive insight into the IOM, its transformation, current structure and projects, as well as its capacity, self-understanding and political agenda.

Over the last two decades, international migration has become a global issue. It is perceived as ... more Over the last two decades, international migration has become a global issue. It is perceived as an ongoing challenge for governments, as well as an issue that is deeply related to other international challenges, such as development, climate change, security and public health. In this context, international organisations have become influential in the way in which migration is thought about and governed. They play an important role, steering states’ behaviour and intervening on the ground, through the design and implementation of immigration policy.

International organisations tend to promote a positive view of migration, extolling its benefits for all parties. There often exists a contrast between this positivity and the public and political scepticism regularly expressed in Western receiving countries. According to their advocates, international organizations have the potential to improve the governance of migration, by supporting cooperation between states and promoting balanced and comprehensive political strategies. However their detractors criticise them for aligning themselves with the interests of receiving states and for their political agenda. This book brings together analytical and empirical contributions that explore the role of international organisations in migration politics worldwide.

Migration has become, since the nineties, the subject of growing international discussion and coo... more Migration has become, since the nineties, the subject of growing international discussion and cooperation. International organisations and the international community have taken a number of initiatives to better 'manage' migration and make it the object of 'global governance' mechanisms. This implies a specific intellectual and political construction of migration as a genuinely global issue that deserves international attention. By critically analyzing the reports produced by international organisations on migration, this book sheds light on the way these actors frame migration and develop their recommendations on how it should be governed. In contrast to the dominant representations in many receiving countries, international migration narratives develop a positive appreciation of migration, viewed as a normal feature of a globalizing world and as a central element in development strategies. But this optimism comes along a depolitization of migration that obscures the contribution of international actors to contemporary political debates.

The UN Convention on Migrant Workers' Rights is the most comprehensive international treaty in th... more The UN Convention on Migrant Workers' Rights is the most comprehensive international treaty in the field of migration and human rights. Adopted in 1990 and entered into force in 2003, it sets a standard in terms of access to human rights for migrants. However, it suffers from a marked indifference: only forty states have ratified it and no major immigration country has done so. This highlights how migrants remain forgotten in terms of access to rights. Even though their labour is essential in the world economy, the non-economic aspect of migrationand especially migrants' rightsremain a neglected dimension of globalisation.

Migrations Sociétés , 2024

Cet article, qui introduit le dossier thématique consacré au lien entre migrations et frontières,... more Cet article, qui introduit le dossier thématique consacré au lien entre migrations et frontières, propose une vue d'ensemble de cette relation. Pour ce faire, il insiste à la fois sur son caractère structurel (les migrations internationales impliquant par définition le franchissement de frontières, celles-ci sont au coeur même du phénomène migratoire et sont devenues le lieu par excellence de leur manifestation dans l'espace public) et sur sa nature construite (les frontières jouent un rôle structurant dans un grand nombre de domaines, mais leur fonction dans ces derniers est invisibilisée par l'hypervisibilité des migrants à la frontière). Cette introduction invite en outre à replacer cette relation dans une perspective historique afin de la contextualiser, et propose enfin un tour d'horizon des principaux articles réunis dans ce dossier.

Pécoud, Antoine (2023) ‘Multilatéralisme, droit international et migrations de travail : la conve... more Pécoud, Antoine (2023) ‘Multilatéralisme, droit international et migrations de travail : la convention des Nations Unies sur les droits des travailleurs migrants’, in Nicolas CLINCHAMPS et Jean-Jacques MENURET (dir.), Asile et immigration. Quelles solidarités ? Quelles responsabilités ?, Paris : mare & martin, pp. 41-68.

Cahiers d’histoire. Revue d’histoire critique , 2019

Bibliographie 190 Sitographie 192 Filmograhie 193 Les derniers numéros de la collection Passerell... more Bibliographie 190 Sitographie 192 Filmograhie 193 Les derniers numéros de la collection Passerelle 194 11 01 LA NOTION DE FRONTIÈRE DANS UN MONDE GLOBALISÉ 11 PRÉFACE 12 12 A. PETITE HISTOIRE DES FRONTIÈRES PARTIE I LA NOTION DE FRONTIÈRE DANS UN MONDE GLOBALISÉ 13 Les frontières, plus proches de nous que jamais ANNE-LAURE AMILHAT SZARY Géographe, spécialiste des frontières Les frontières, réalités longtemps lointaines et immatérielles dans la vie de la majorité des femmes et des hommes, se donnent aujourd'hui en spectacle : les murs envahissent nos écrans, ceux qui tentent de les franchir sont intégrés dans nos débats politiques au point de les saturer. Comment expliquer un tel retournement, et surtout, quel sens politique lui donner ? Carte scolaire allemande en 1871 : « La migration des races, 500 ap. J.C. » CC BY 2.0 PARTIE I LA NOTION DE FRONTIÈRE DANS UN MONDE GLOBALISÉ LES FRONTIERES : FILMOGRAPHIE SELECTIVE LES FRONTIERES : FILMOGRAPHIE SELECTIVE

Revue européenne des migrations internationales, 2017

Mouvements, 2018

Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour La Découverte. © La Découverte. Tous droits réservés po... more Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour La Découverte. © La Découverte. Tous droits réservés pour tous pays.

Critique internationale, 2017

L'Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM) est une organisation discrète et méconnue... more L'Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM) est une organisation discrète et méconnue, qui traite pourtant de l'un des enjeux politiques les plus débattus dans le monde aujourd'hui. En Europe, depuis la fin de la guerre froide, la lutte contre l'immigration irrégulière est devenue une priorité des États, engagés dans l'élaboration de ce qui a été qualifié de « Forteresse Europe ». C'est également dans les années 1990 que les États-Unis ont entamé la construction d'un mur à leur frontière avec le Mexique – projet qui a été au coeur de la campagne victorieuse de Donald Trump en 2016. Ailleurs dans le monde, en Afrique du Sud, en Inde ou en Australie, les craintes liées à l'immi-gration sont tout aussi vives, même si elles sont parfois moins documentées. Le rejet des immigrés est certes aussi ancien que l'immigration. Il ne fait guère de doute, cependant, qu'il est aujourd'hui au coeur d'innombrables débats sociaux et politiques : qu'il s'agisse des risques de nature sécuritaire liés au terrorisme

Le sujet dans la cité, 2012

Migrations Société, 2009

En 2007, la Suisse a fait diffuser à la télévision camerounaise et nigériane un clip destiné à pr... more En 2007, la Suisse a fait diffuser à la télévision camerounaise et nigériane un clip destiné à prévenir l'immigration irrégulière. On y voit un jeune migrant africain appeler son père depuis une cabine téléphonique ; ce dernier, paisiblement assis dans son salon, lui demande de ses nouvelles : « As-tu fait bon voyage ? As-tu trouvé un logement ? T'es-tu inscrit à l'université ? ». Le fils le rassure : « Tout va bien », dit-il. Mais entre ces scènes de dialogue s'intercalent d'autres images : des jeunes Africains mendient dans la rue, courent pour échapper à la police. Ces images, de même que celle du fils dans la cabine téléphonique, sont floues et sombres, comme filmées de nuit sans éclairage ; celles représentant le père, en revanche, sont nettes et colorées. Le père a un doute : « Tu me parais angoissé ; me caches-tu quelque chose ? ». « Mais non, répond son fils, je suis juste un peu fatigué ». Puis l'avertissement s'affiche sur l'écran : « Ne croyez pas tout ce que vous entendez », « leaving is not living » (littéralement, « partir n'est pas vivre »).

Migrations Société, 2003

Y a-t-il une économie turque à Berlin ? La question peut paraître saugrenue. Il existe en effet u... more Y a-t-il une économie turque à Berlin ? La question peut paraître saugrenue. Il existe en effet une littérature relativement abondante sur les activités entrepreneuriales des minorités en Allemagne et en particulier sur la plus importante d'entre elles, la minorité turque. On y souligne notamment que le pourcentage d'immigrés économiquement indépendants est passé de 2 % en 1970 à près de 9 % en 1998, ce qui signifie qu'il existe aujourd'hui 279 000 commerçants immigrés en Allemagne, dont environ 19 % de Turcs, 14 % d'Italiens et 12 % de Grecs 2 . À Berlin en particulier, on estime à 5 000 ou 6 000 le nombre de commerçants turcs et à 20 000 le nombre de postes de travail ainsi créés 3 .

Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Armand Colin. © Armand Colin. Tous droits réservés pour... more Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Armand Colin. © Armand Colin. Tous droits réservés pour tous pays.

L'Information géographique, 2011

Autrepart no. 67-68: 13-30, 2013

Raisons politiques 2014/2, no. 54, pp. 67-85., 2014

Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Presses de Sciences Po.

Cahier d’Etudes africaines LIV (1-2), 213-214, 2014

Une analyse du discours international sur la « fuite des cerveaux » Un consensus en trompe-l'oeil... more Une analyse du discours international sur la « fuite des cerveaux » Un consensus en trompe-l'oeil Depuis une à deux décennies, les migrations internationales font l'objet d'une attention croissante au niveau international. Les organisations internationales (OI), en particulier, se sont emparées de ce thème et ont, entre autres efforts, produit plusieurs rapports dont le but est d'esquisser ce qui pourrait (ou devrait) constituer les orientations principales des politiques migratoires. Un des présupposés de ce type d'initiative est que les migrations constituent un enjeu d'importance mondiale, mais qui n'est pas actuellement reconnu comme tel par les États et la communauté internationale ; contrairement à d'autres enjeux « globaux », les migrations seraient encore abordées de façon unilatérale par les gouvernements et ce déficit de coopération internationale nuirait au succès de leurs politiques en la matière. Il s'agit donc d'« internationaliser » les questions migratoires ; dans ce processus, l'établissement d'un discours international sur les migrations, qui définit à la fois les questions à poser et les réponses à y apporter, est une étape nécessaire.

Migración y Desarrollo , 2022

El Pacto Mundial para la Migración Segura, Ordenada y Regular (GCM, por sus siglas en inglés) se ... more El Pacto Mundial para la Migración Segura, Ordenada y Regular (GCM, por sus siglas en inglés) se adoptó en 2018 bajo los auspicios de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU). Dentro de un contexto donde la gobernanza global de la migración es débil y los Estados se enfrentan con regularidad a crisis migratorias o de refugiados, el GCM proporciona una evaluación consensuada en el plano internacional de las problemáticas políticas que surgen de la migración internacional, e identifica recomendaciones políticas no vinculantes referentes a cómo deberían abordarlas los gobiernos. En ese sentido, este artículo analiza el contenido del GCM tomando en cuenta a los debates globales relacionados a la migración existentes desde la década de 1990. Del mismo modo, se examina de manera crítica sus argumentos centrales y se argumenta que, debido a las cosmovisiones divergentes y a los intereses de gobiernos y otros actores relevantes, el GCM presenta contradicciones internas importantes. Ello deriva en un documento despolitizado y en un lenguaje político que oculta los problemas causados por las políticas migratorias. Por lo tanto, hay poco consenso entre los Estados respecto a la naturaleza de la migración y las respuestas políticas para gobernar la movilidad transnacional de personas.

Migracion y Desarrollo, 2018

La migración internacional se ha convertido, desde los 1990, en tema de creciente discusión y coo... more La migración internacional se ha convertido, desde los 1990, en tema de creciente discusión y cooperación a escala mundial. Las organizaciones internacionales y la comunidad internacional han emprendido una serie de iniciativas para «gestionar» mejor la migración y convertirla en el objetivo de los mecanismos de «gobernanza global». Esto implica una construcción intelectual y política específica de la migración como un problema genuinamente global que merece atención mundial. Al analizar críticamente los informes producidos por las organizaciones internacionales sobre migración, este artículo revela la forma en que tales actores enmarcan la migración y realizan sus recomendaciones acerca de cómo debe ser gobernada. En contraste con las representaciones dominantes en muchos países receptores, las narrativas de migración internacional presentan una apreciación positiva de la migración, vista como una característica normal de un mundo globalizado y como un elemento central en las estrategias de desarrollo. Pero este optimismo viene acompañado de una despolitización de la migración que oscurece la contribución de los actores internacionales a los debates políticos contemporáneos.

Politicas y Constitucionalismo, 2015

La Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM) es una organización poco estudiada, cuyo... more La Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM) es una organización poco estudiada, cuyo mandato concierne, sin embargo, uno de los asuntos actualmente más politizados en los países occidentales. Este artículo presenta la historia, la doctrina y las prácticas de la OIM. Mostraremos que si bien durante mucho tiempo ha sido una organización frágil, en un contexto en el que las políticas migratorias no responden a un régimen internacional sólido, la OIM ha terminado imponiéndose-a partir de los años 1990-como un actor imprescindible de la mundialización y la externalización de dichas políticas. La estrategia de la OIM consiste en despolitizar los retos de los fenómenos migratorios y en promover una gestión técnica de las migraciones, centrada en la utilidad económica que estas últimas representarían para todas las partes (países de origen, países de destino y migrantes). Dicha estrategia le permite aparecer como un intermediario neutro, aceptado tanto por los estados como por los actores de la sociedad civil y del sector privado. Sin embargo, esta despolitización se ve acompañada por un alineamiento de la OIM con los intereses de los países occidentales de inmigración, lo que posibilita intervenciones altamente políticas, especialmente en los países de origen de los migrantes.

resumen: El interés de los organismos internacionales por las relaciones existentes entre migraci... more resumen: El interés de los organismos internacionales por las relaciones existentes entre migración y desarrollo ha crecido durante los últimos 15 años. Tanto por su volumen como por sus repercusiones en las regiones de origen de los migrantes, las remesas son una ilustración particularmente clara de cómo estas últimas pueden contribuir al desarrollo. Para ciertos organismos internacionales estos envíos de dinero constituyen un elemento fundamental para la definición de las distintas rea lidades migratorias y para la elaboración de las recomendaciones dirigidas a los Esta dos. En particular, el Banco Mundial ha desempeñado un papel importante en la revalorización de las remesas y en la recolección de datos empíricos acerca del tema. En el presente artículo se analizan los discursos de los organismos internacionales sobre las remesas y se muestra que a pesar de su tono tecnocrático y apolítico, éstas desarrollan una visión del mundo que pertenece a un contexto ideológico y político y que además comporta una serie de prescripciones relativas al comportamiento que deberían adoptar tanto los Estados, como el sector privado y los propios migrantes. palabras clave: remesas, migración, desarrollo, organismos internacionales, discur so internacional sobre la migración.

Migraciones, 2008

En el presente artículo se analizan los obstáculos con los que se ha encontrado la Convención int... more En el presente artículo se analizan los obstáculos con los que se ha encontrado la Convención internacional sobre la protección de los derechos de todos los trabajadores migrantes y de sus familiares, el tratado internacional de más amplio alcance en materia de migraciones y derechos humanos y que, sin embargo, tan sólo han ratifi cado 39 Estados. A partir de un proyecto de investigación patrocinado por la UNESCO, se reúnen datos de los principales Estados de destino en África, Asia, Europa y las Américas y se trazan las líneas generales de tres causas principales de difi cultades derivadas de la infl uencia de las fuerzas del mercado, la seguridad y la soberanía en las políticas migratorias. El artículo concluye con un estudio del lugar que ocupan la Convención y los derechos de los migrantes en las iniciativas adoptadas últimamente por la comunidad internacional en la esfera de la gestión de la migración.

Migraciones Internacionales, 2005

El escenario "migración sin fronteras" (MSF) es objeto de creciente debate entre académicos y ONG... more El escenario "migración sin fronteras" (MSF) es objeto de creciente debate entre académicos y ONGs y recibe el apoyo de grupos diferentes, como los economistas neoclásicos y los movimientos sociales de izquierda. En un mundo globalizado en el que los flujos migratorios parecen eludir los intentos de reglamentación de los Estados, ese escenario provoca un replanteamiento crítico de las políticas y prácticas de migración actuales. Para aportar una perspectiva global sobre tal escenario, la UNESCO coordinó un proyecto de investigación en el que se analizaron sus aspectos teóricos y los estudios de caso regionales de investigadores de los cinco continentes. Después de trazar un panorama general de las tendencias contemporáneas de la migración y el control de fronteras, el presente artículo examina los derechos éticos/humanos y las cuestiones económicas, sociales y prácticas que plantea la libre circulación.

Migraciones , 2011

El cambio climático se ha convertido en una preocupación fundamental para la comunidad internacio... more El cambio climático se ha convertido en una preocupación fundamental para la comunidad internacional. Entre otras consecuencias, su infl uencia en la migración es objeto de una creciente atención tanto de los encargados de formular políticas como de los investigadores. Sin embargo, el conocimiento en este campo es aún limitado y fragmentario. Por ello en el siguiente estudio se presenta un panorama general del nexo entre cambio climático y migración. Sobre la base de las conclusiones empíricas disponibles, en él se estudian los aspectos clave de la cuestión, comprendido el contexto político y social en que surgió el tema; las respuestas de políticas de los Estados y los pareceres de los diferentes actores institucionales; las perspectivas críticas sobre la relación efectiva entre el medio ambiente y la migración (forzada); los conceptos y nociones más adecuados para tratar esta relación; las implicaciones en cuanto a los derechos humanos y al género; así como el derecho internacional y las orientaciones de las políticas. Surgen aquí dos debates relacionados entre sí: el primero atañe al peso de los factores ambientales y climáticos en la migración y su relación con otros factores que pueden estimular la migración o desalentarla, ya sean de naturaleza social, política o económica. El segundo se refi ere al

Mondi Migranti, 2014

Da un paio di decenni le migrazioni hanno ricevuto una crescente attenzione a livello internazion... more Da un paio di decenni le migrazioni hanno ricevuto una crescente attenzione a livello internazionale. In particolare, le Organizzazioni Internazionali (d'ora in avanti OI) hanno cercato attivamente di indicare quali potrebbero (e dovrebbero) essere le direttrici di una corretta politica migratoria. Secondo le OI, l'insuccesso delle politiche migratorie nazionali risiede nel deficit cooperativo tra i vari Stati e nella mancanza di una governance globale della migrazione. Un'efficace cooperazione tra Stati suppone, tuttavia, la stipulazione di accordi e l´armonizzazione delle loro politiche migratorie basata su un consenso e, quindi, sulla conciliazione tra i loro diversi interessi. Dati gli squilibri strutturali tra i vari Paesi, questo ambizioso obiettivo sembra arduo da raggiungere. In effetti, esso suppone il superamento delle divisioni Nord-Sud e implica la messa in marcia di uno scenario globale che sia di beneficio per tutti gli attori coinvolti: Paesi d´origine, Paesi di destinazione e migranti (il cosiddetto obiettivo del triple win o win-win-win). Con le loro pubblicazioni annuali, le OI sembrano voler contribuire alla creazione di questo consenso globale sulla migrazione che consenta, attraverso l'adempimento delle loro raccomandazioni, la realizzazione di questo scenario vantaggioso per tutti.

Mondi Migranti, 2010

Gli ultimi anni hanno visto lo sviluppo di campagne di informazione per prevenire l'immigrazione ... more Gli ultimi anni hanno visto lo sviluppo di campagne di informazione per prevenire l'immigrazione indesiderata. La strategia è quella di scoraggiare i potenziali migranti dal partire: gli abitanti delle regioni d'origine dovrebbero essere sensibilizzati sulle dure condizioni di vita dei migranti irregolari e iniziare a percepire la migrazione illegale non come un'opportunità, ma come una fonte di pericoli e vulnerabilità. Una delle giustificazioni chiave di tali campagne di informazione risiede nell'esigenza di combattere l'attraversamento illegale e organizzato delle frontiere e la tratta di esseri umani, che prospera grazie alla falsa speranza dei migranti di una vita migliore all'estero. Aumentando la consapevolezza sui rischi della migrazione e la dura realtà della vita nei paesi di arrivo, le campagne di informazione dovrebbero combattere queste illusioni e quindi minare gli affari di chi organizza l'entrata illegale dei migranti. I metodi tradizionali di controllo della migrazione e la sorveglianza delle frontiere vengono quindi completati con i tentativi di convincere i migranti a non lasciare la propria casa.

Перевод на русский язык АЛЕКСАНДРА КАЛИНИНА Редакторы русской версии: ЖАННА ЗАЙОНЧКОВСКАЯ и ЕЛЕНА... more Перевод на русский язык АЛЕКСАНДРА КАЛИНИНА Редакторы русской версии: ЖАННА ЗАЙОНЧКОВСКАЯ и ЕЛЕНА ТЮРЮКАНОВА Используемые в данной публикации обозначения и материалы не являются выражением какого бы то ни было мнения ЮНЕСКО относительно юридического статуса любой из стран, территорий, городов и местностей, или их властей, а также определения их границ и пределов. Авторы несут ответственность за отбор и изложение фактов, содержащихся в данной книге, а также за высказанные в ней мнения, которые не обязательно отражают мнения ЮНЕСКО и ни к чему не обязывают Организацию. Перевод на русский язык подготовлен при поддержке Бюро ЮНЕСКО в Москве (pbk) ISBN Berghahn Books: 978-1-84545-346-6 (hbk) 978-1-84545-360-2 (pbk) 3 От редакторов Редактирование русской версии книги «Migration without borders» было большой удачей для нас, ибо мы являемся горячими поклонниками концепции «миграции без границ», обсуждению которой посвящена данная книга. Завораживающая сила идеи миграции без границ заключается в том, что только возможность беспрепятственного перемещения по земному шару позволяет человеку в полном объеме реализовать свое фундаментальное право на свободу передвижения и выбор места жительства. В книге очерчены сложности, сопряженные с реализацией данной идеи. Ясно, что до ее практического воплощения еще очень далеко. Тем не менее, именно на этом пути возможно найти выход из тупика, в котором оказалась международная миграционная политика. Для России как страны, будущее которой непосредственно связано с масштабной иммиграцией, идея постепенного снятия барьеров, ограничивающих свободу передвижения между странами, очень актуальна. Книга «Migration without borders» в данном издании представлена в несколько усеченном виде. На русский язык были переведены отдельные главы, представляющие наибольший интерес для русскоязычного читателя. Мы искренне благодарны Александру Калинину, прекрасный перевод которого не только упростил нашу работу, но позволил лишний раз почувствовать выразительность и словарное богатство русского языка. Жанна Зайончковская, зав. лабораторией миграции Института народнохозяйственного прогнозирования РАН, канд. геогр. наук, Елена Тюрюканова, директор Центра миграционных исследований, канд. эконом. наук 5

Рассматриваются проблемы взаимосвязи между изменениями климата и миграцией населения. На основе э... more Рассматриваются проблемы взаимосвязи между изменениями климата и миграцией населения. На основе эмпирических данных исследуется влияние ключевых социально-политических и экономических факторов на процессы миграции.

IMI Working Paper No. 183/PACES Project Working Paper No. 5. Amsterdam: International Migration Institute , 2024

The concept of global migration governance is widely used but remains quite confusing and often p... more The concept of global migration governance is widely used but remains quite confusing and often poorly defined. This paper attempts to provide a mapping of this notion, in order to understand its different meanings, its usefulness and weakness, and the key questions it raises in terms of understanding and analysing migration politics. It starts by examining matters of definition, before reviewing the multiactor and multi-level nature of global migration governance. It then moves to a critical discussion around several difficulties raised by the reliance on this notion. The last section provides a tentative historical perspective, to contextualise the concept of global migration governance.