Vijaya Reddy | St. Theresa International College (original) (raw)

Papers by Vijaya Reddy

umen tympanic due to metallic or non metallic (mostly polythene material) are among the most comm... more umen tympanic due to metallic or non metallic (mostly polythene material) are among the most common cause of gastro intestinal disorders in ruminants (Radostatis etal, 1994). Plastics can be termed as wide range of chemical materials either synthetic or semi synthetic solidmaterials like polyethylene,polyvinyle chloride,polysterine largely used in plastics manufacturing industry which pose a threat to livestock and environment. Plastic garbage continuous to increase in two days modern world ,more concentrated in cities and towns .Rapid industrialization and Mechanization of Agriculture have further increased the incidence of foreign bodies threatening the life of poor depraved dumb animals at the cost of intelligent human beings. This paper reviews the factor attributed to its incidence, etiology, clinical findings/observation, complications, diagnosis, bio-chemical profile, rumen profile and measures to counteract the plastic menace to livestock.

international journal of veterinary science, 2014

Department of Veterinary Medicine, CVSc, Proddatur, YSR District, India Department of Veterinary ... more Department of Veterinary Medicine, CVSc, Proddatur, YSR District, India Department of Veterinary Medicine, CVSc, Tirupati, India Department of Livestock Production and Management, CVSc, Proddatur, YSR District, India SRF, Department of Livestock Production and Management, CVSc, Tirupati, India TVCC (Veterinary Medicine), CVSc, Proddatur, YSR District, India College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India

International Journal of Research in Ayurveda & Pharmacy, 2015

The presence of pesticide residues in feed and its animal products is in the focus at the present... more The presence of pesticide residues in feed and its animal products is in the focus at the present scenario in the view of WTO. The residues not only affect the public health but also cause economic losses to the livestock industry. Not only these affect the health of livestock and human beings but also affect the quality of animal products. Pesticide residues accumulate in the animals either by direct contact with pesticide or by indirect contact with environment. Pesticides are used in crops for pest control and they leave the residues in the feed and fodder consumed by animals. The source of contamination of feed and fodder may be by direct spraying or by drift from other crops, contamination of soil and water used for fodder production.

Global Veterinaria

The present study aimed to assess the possible interference of sodium arsenite in F1 generation m... more The present study aimed to assess the possible interference of sodium arsenite in F1 generation male mice with special reference to steroidogenic marker enzymes. Mice were divided in to two groups. The mice in first were served as control and received normal tap water. Sodium arsenite administered orally to mice in the second group during pregnancy and lactation at a dose level of 0.4 ppm and analyzed for spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in next generation adult male mice. The activity levels of selected steroidogenic marker enzymes (3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) decreased significantly in mice exposed to sodium arsenite. The circulatory levels of testosterone decreased in experimental mice with significantly increase in follicle stimulating hormone. The decreased levels of testosterone with elevated follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels in mice exposed to arsenic during early stages of development are indicative of intact pituitary-testicular axis. The results indicate that exposure to arsenic during early stages of development suppresses the male reproduction in adults. Thus, we conclude that the potential of reproduction is programmed, to some extent, in the early stages of development and hence any toxic insult during embryonic development and lactation suppresses male reproductive potential in adulthood.

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY, 2013

Punganur Cattle is the world's smallest Bos indicus cattle originated in Punganur town in Chittoo... more Punganur Cattle is the world's smallest Bos indicus cattle originated in Punganur town in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. This breed is known for its short stature, high milk production efficiency and efficient reproductive characters. In Ancient Ayurvedic scriptures such as Charaka samhita, Shushruta samhita and Brahad-Wagbhatt mention various medicinal properties of cow urine. It is used as an insecticide and in disorders like intestinal gas, acidity and cough. Although Indian Ayurvedic literature cites many medicinal properties of cow urine, there is no scientific evidence to support this. Hence, the present study was aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of cow urine was undertaken. The effect of a distillate of cow urine was studied in vivo in rats given streptozotocin. Diabetes was induced by administration of streptozotocin (50 mg / kg body wt., i.p). The antidiabetic effect of three different doses and a standard drug, Glibenclamide (0.25 mg/kg, p.o), was studied in diabetic rats. Fasting blood glucose levels, serum lipid profiles, liver glycogen levels and initial and final changes in body weight were assessed. The cow urine distillate produced a significant (P < 0.05) reduction of the elevated blood glucose, serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides levels when compared with the diabetic control. The diabetic animals treated with cow urine distillate also showed a significant increase in HDL levels and a gain in body weight when compared with the diabetic control. Earlier studies have revealed the presence of antioxidants and free radical scavengers in cow urine which might be responsible for antidiabetic effects. The present communication records the first ever report on protective role of cow urine on diabetic in a bizarre situation of tropical climate of Andhra Pradesh (AP), India.

Heavy metal toxicity is a serious worldwide problem, which adversely affects the growth, health, ... more Heavy metal toxicity is a serious worldwide problem, which adversely affects the growth, health, reproductive performance, and life span of all living organisms. Metals play an important role in human biology, and trace amounts of some metals such as manganese, for example are essential to life. At higher concentrations, however, the same metals are toxic. In addition, some metals, lead, for example do not occur naturally in the body, and its presence, usually as a result of occupational or pollution-related exposure and are detrimental to health. In the present investigation is aimed to study the metal mixture induced toxicity on protein expression in rats. The exposed liver of treated rats showed a significant decrease in protein expression compared to control rats. An increase in the band intensity was observed when the animals were supplemented with Ca 2+ +Fe 3+ +Zn 2+ and Vit-E.

_____________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Studies w... more _____________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Studies were conducted to examine the effect of the rats of 90 days old were exposed to The young rats (3 months) were exposed to lead acetate 20mg/kg body weight, Cd 2+ 20mg/kg body weight and As 3+ 20 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally daily for a period of 2 weeks. Animals were supplemented with Vit-E 20mg/kg body weight and Ca+Zn+Fe (2mg/kg body weight each) After the period of exposure, the animals were sacrificed and the tissues were collected rats in terms of the data showed that the exposure to heavy metals like Cd 2+ As 3+ and Pb 2+ led to a significant increase in mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity compared to the treated. The increased activity of succinate dehydrogenase activity was observed in animals treated with chemical supplement like Ca 2+ +Zn 2+ +Fe 3+ and Vitamin-E. A significant increase in mitochondrial Isocitrate dehydrogenase activity compared to the treated. The increased activity of Isocitrate dehydrogenase activity was observed in animals treated with chemical supplement like Ca 2+ +Zn 2+ +Fe 3+. A significant decrease in Cytosolic Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase activity compared to the treated. The increased activity of Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase activity was observed in animals treated with chemical supplement like Ca 2+ +Zn 2+ +Fe 3+ and Vitamin-E. A significant decrease in mitochondrial Glutamate dehydrogenase activity compared to the treated. The increased activity of Glutamate dehydrogenase activity was observed in animals treated with chemical supplement like Ca 2+ +Zn 2+ +Fe 3+ and Vitamin-E.

__________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Studies were conduct... more __________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Studies were conducted to examine the effect of the rats of 90 days old were exposed to As, Ca, Zn and Vit-E intraperitoneally daily for a period of 2 weeks. Control rats received only deionized distilled water injections intraperitoneally daily up to 2 weeks. After the period of exposure, the animals were sacrificed and the tissues were collected rats in terms of lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and data was showed that the exposure to As 3+ lead to a significant decrease in mitochondrial GPx activity compared to the control. The increase in the activity of GPx was observed in animals treated with Ca 2+ +Zn 2+ and Vit-E. However, among Vit-E and Ca+Zn supplementation, Vit-E showed more inhibitory activity against As than Ca 2+ +Zn 2+. A significant increase in mitochondrial Lipid peroxidation activity compared to the control. The decreased activity of Lipid peroxidation was observed in animals treated with Ca 2+ +Zn 2+ and Vit-E and significant decrease in mitochondrial Catalase activity compared to the control. The increased activity of Catalase was observed in animals treated with Ca+Zn and Vit-E.

_____________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: In Indian... more _____________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: In Indian ecosystem, Land snails form an important component in the forest ecosystem. In terms of number of species, the phylum Mollusca, to which land snails belong, is the largest phylum after Arthropoda. Mollusca provide unique ecosystem services including recycling of nutrients and they provide a prey base for small mammals, birds, snakes and other reptiles. However, land snails have the largest number of documented extinctions, compared to any other taxa. Till date approximately 1,129 species of land snails are recorded from Indian Territory, but only basic information is known about the molluscan taxonomy and little is known of their population biology, ecology and their conservation status. In this paper, we briefly review status, histological studies of various tissues of Bellamaya Bengalensis threats and conservation strategies of land snails of India.

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of sodium selenite on the antioxidative ac... more The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of sodium selenite on the antioxidative activities of neutrophils and the hematological parameters in mice. Forty eight mice were randomly allocated into two groups. Group 1 served as the control and 2 orally received at sodium selenite at 1 mg Se/kg for 10 consecutive days. To assess the degrees of oxidative stress and of lipid peroxidation of the cellular membranes, the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined in serum samples those were collected at different supplementation intervals, i.e. 0, 10, 20, and 30 th day of experimentation. In addition, hematological parameters in the serum samples were measured by routine procedures. It was found that TBARS level in group 2 were significantly higher on days 20 and 30 compared to the basal level on day 0. It was also found that on day 30, the activity of TBARS in the treated group were significantly higher than those of the controls (P < 0.05). These findings may explain the seemingly paradoxical effects of supplemental selenium on the indicators of oxidative stress, as the levels of TBARS were generally expected to decrease in the presence of selenium. There

A 57-yr-old female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) named Rani housed at SV Zoological Park, suff... more A 57-yr-old female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) named Rani housed at SV Zoological Park, suffering with anorexia, restlessness, and urinary tract infection was passing yellowish tinged cloudy urine. Urine analysis showed haematuria, leukocyturia, granular casts, and none of calcium oxalate crystals were found. Urine culture revealed the growth of Streptococcus, Proteus and E.coli. After conducting ABST the organisms were found sensitive to gentamycin and resistant to rest of the antibiotics. A presumptive diagnosis was made based on urinalysis, and urine culture.

Twelve different chilli varieties at three different stages (green, red ripe, red dry) were colle... more Twelve different chilli varieties at three different stages (green, red ripe, red dry) were collected. The chillies were subjected for the estimation and extraction of capsaicin and colour. The estimation of capsaicin was done in the laboratory to determine the pungency for each chilli variety collected. The pungency level was given in Scoville units. The chilli sample which has the highest pungency was subjected for the extraction of capsaicin. From the pericarp of the chilli the colour was extracted and the colour intensity was found according to the ASTA (American Spice Trade Association) and CU (Colour Units). The large scale industrial extraction procedure for the extraction of capsaicin and colour was collected.

The present study was aimed to assess the effects of sodium selenite on the neutrophil and the he... more The present study was aimed to assess the effects of sodium selenite on the neutrophil and the hematological parameters in mice. Thirty mice were randomly allocated into two groups fifteen animals in each group. Group 1 served as the control and 2 orally received sodium selenite orally at 1.5 mg Se/kg for 10 consecutive days. To assess the degrees of oxidative stress and of lipid peroxidation of the cellular membranes, the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined in serum samples that were collected on the 30 th day of experimentation. In addition, hematological parameters in the serum samples were measured by routine procedures. It was found that TBARS level in group 2 were significantly higher when compared to the basal level control group. These findings may explain the seemingly paradoxical effects of supplemental selenium on the indicators of oxidative stress, as the levels of TBARS were generally expected to decrease in the presence of selenium. Significant differences between the PCV in group 2 and RBC count in the group 2 was not significantly differed with control group. The white blood cell count (WBC) in group 2 showed a significant increase in experimental animal's comparison with the control group. However, there were significant increases of the neutrophil counts and significant decreases of the lymphocyte counts in experimental animals while comparing with controls.

Selenium (Se) is present in the earth's crust, often in association with sulfurcontaining mineral... more Selenium (Se) is present in the earth's crust, often in association with sulfurcontaining minerals. It is normally found in concentrations of 50-90 μg/kg, but higher concentrations can be associated with some volcanic, sedimentary and carbonate Rocks. Selenium has long been recognized as essential trace element and is important in many biochemical and physiological processes. On the other hand, selenium showed a toxic effect depending on its concentration. Inorganic and organic selenium compounds have been showed to have chemo preventive and anticancer effects against mammary gland, colon, lung, pancreas, and skin tumors. Selenium has adverse reproductive and developmental effects (decreased rates of conception, increased rates of fetal resorption, the present study was planned to investigate the histopathological effects of selenium in the form of sodium selenite on the testicular tissues of Swiss albino mice. Selenium was orally administered at a dose level of 3.5 ppm daily for 6 weeks. Testes of animals treated with selenium showed reduction in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules as well as the germinal epithelial height. Moreover, the treatment induced many histopathological alterations including degeneration of the spermatogenic cells, destruction of intertubular connective tissue and hemorrhage revealed marked reduction in the

Selenium (Se) is present in the earth's crust, often in association with sulfurcontaining mineral... more Selenium (Se) is present in the earth's crust, often in association with sulfurcontaining minerals. It is normally found in concentrations of 50-90 μg/kg, but higher concentrations can be associated with some volcanic, sedimentary and carbonate Rocks. Selenium has long been recognized as essential trace element and is important in many biochemical and physiological processes. On the other hand, selenium showed a toxic effect depending on its concentration. Inorganic and organic selenium compounds have been showed to have chemo preventive and anticancer effects against mammary gland, colon, lung, pancreas, and skin tumors. Selenium has adverse reproductive and developmental effects (decreased rates of conception, increased rates of fetal resorption, the present study was planned to investigate the histopathological effects of selenium in the form of sodium selenite on the testicular tissues of Swiss albino mice. Selenium was orally administered at a dose level of 3.5 ppm daily for 6 weeks. Testes of animals treated with selenium showed reduction in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules as well as the germinal epithelial height. Moreover, the treatment induced many histopathological alterations including degeneration of the spermatogenic cells, destruction of intertubular connective tissue and hemorrhage revealed marked reduction in the

Cytotoxic chemotherapy for malignant disease has markedly improved the chances of long-term remis... more Cytotoxic chemotherapy for malignant disease has markedly improved the chances of long-term remission or cure in young patients. Infertility is a common late effect of childhood cancer treatment. Testicular toxicity can clinically be first detected after the onset of pubertal maturation of the patients when the testis does not grow, spermatogenesis does not initiate and serum levels of gonadotrophins rise. Imatinib had demonstrated high levels of efficacy in gastrointestinal tumors and chronic myeloid leukemia patients at young ages that have not yet started a family. Most improved prognosis for childhood cancer has resulted in a growing number of childhood cancer survivors with late effects. Germ cells are important targets of variety chemicals. Germ cell mutagens irrespective of their chemical nature and properties, affect

The present paper records an extensive edema in Jersey x Sahiwal cows maintained by the farmers u... more The present paper records an extensive edema in Jersey x Sahiwal cows maintained by the farmers under field conditions. The average SCC of left fore, left hind, right fore and right hind quarters were 75476.54, 95705.26, 126151.77 and 46526.28 cells/ ml of milk respectively. The milk samples collected from swollen quarters of the cows showed negative reaction to all the four quarters for california mastitis test as well as for fungal growth. The edema due to obstruction of the venous flow resulted from pressure of the fetus in the pelvic cavity of the cows recovered immediately at calving. But the extensive edema persisted for five days and resulted in reduction of milk yield. The edema is reduced after the treatment of cow for a period of five days in Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cows.

umen tympanic due to metallic or non metallic (mostly polythene material) are among the most comm... more umen tympanic due to metallic or non metallic (mostly polythene material) are among the most common cause of gastro intestinal disorders in ruminants (Radostatis etal, 1994). Plastics can be termed as wide range of chemical materials either synthetic or semi synthetic solidmaterials like polyethylene,polyvinyle chloride,polysterine largely used in plastics manufacturing industry which pose a threat to livestock and environment. Plastic garbage continuous to increase in two days modern world ,more concentrated in cities and towns .Rapid industrialization and Mechanization of Agriculture have further increased the incidence of foreign bodies threatening the life of poor depraved dumb animals at the cost of intelligent human beings. This paper reviews the factor attributed to its incidence, etiology, clinical findings/observation, complications, diagnosis, bio-chemical profile, rumen profile and measures to counteract the plastic menace to livestock.

international journal of veterinary science, 2014

Department of Veterinary Medicine, CVSc, Proddatur, YSR District, India Department of Veterinary ... more Department of Veterinary Medicine, CVSc, Proddatur, YSR District, India Department of Veterinary Medicine, CVSc, Tirupati, India Department of Livestock Production and Management, CVSc, Proddatur, YSR District, India SRF, Department of Livestock Production and Management, CVSc, Tirupati, India TVCC (Veterinary Medicine), CVSc, Proddatur, YSR District, India College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India

International Journal of Research in Ayurveda & Pharmacy, 2015

The presence of pesticide residues in feed and its animal products is in the focus at the present... more The presence of pesticide residues in feed and its animal products is in the focus at the present scenario in the view of WTO. The residues not only affect the public health but also cause economic losses to the livestock industry. Not only these affect the health of livestock and human beings but also affect the quality of animal products. Pesticide residues accumulate in the animals either by direct contact with pesticide or by indirect contact with environment. Pesticides are used in crops for pest control and they leave the residues in the feed and fodder consumed by animals. The source of contamination of feed and fodder may be by direct spraying or by drift from other crops, contamination of soil and water used for fodder production.

Global Veterinaria

The present study aimed to assess the possible interference of sodium arsenite in F1 generation m... more The present study aimed to assess the possible interference of sodium arsenite in F1 generation male mice with special reference to steroidogenic marker enzymes. Mice were divided in to two groups. The mice in first were served as control and received normal tap water. Sodium arsenite administered orally to mice in the second group during pregnancy and lactation at a dose level of 0.4 ppm and analyzed for spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in next generation adult male mice. The activity levels of selected steroidogenic marker enzymes (3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) decreased significantly in mice exposed to sodium arsenite. The circulatory levels of testosterone decreased in experimental mice with significantly increase in follicle stimulating hormone. The decreased levels of testosterone with elevated follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels in mice exposed to arsenic during early stages of development are indicative of intact pituitary-testicular axis. The results indicate that exposure to arsenic during early stages of development suppresses the male reproduction in adults. Thus, we conclude that the potential of reproduction is programmed, to some extent, in the early stages of development and hence any toxic insult during embryonic development and lactation suppresses male reproductive potential in adulthood.

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY, 2013

Punganur Cattle is the world's smallest Bos indicus cattle originated in Punganur town in Chittoo... more Punganur Cattle is the world's smallest Bos indicus cattle originated in Punganur town in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. This breed is known for its short stature, high milk production efficiency and efficient reproductive characters. In Ancient Ayurvedic scriptures such as Charaka samhita, Shushruta samhita and Brahad-Wagbhatt mention various medicinal properties of cow urine. It is used as an insecticide and in disorders like intestinal gas, acidity and cough. Although Indian Ayurvedic literature cites many medicinal properties of cow urine, there is no scientific evidence to support this. Hence, the present study was aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of cow urine was undertaken. The effect of a distillate of cow urine was studied in vivo in rats given streptozotocin. Diabetes was induced by administration of streptozotocin (50 mg / kg body wt., i.p). The antidiabetic effect of three different doses and a standard drug, Glibenclamide (0.25 mg/kg, p.o), was studied in diabetic rats. Fasting blood glucose levels, serum lipid profiles, liver glycogen levels and initial and final changes in body weight were assessed. The cow urine distillate produced a significant (P < 0.05) reduction of the elevated blood glucose, serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides levels when compared with the diabetic control. The diabetic animals treated with cow urine distillate also showed a significant increase in HDL levels and a gain in body weight when compared with the diabetic control. Earlier studies have revealed the presence of antioxidants and free radical scavengers in cow urine which might be responsible for antidiabetic effects. The present communication records the first ever report on protective role of cow urine on diabetic in a bizarre situation of tropical climate of Andhra Pradesh (AP), India.

Heavy metal toxicity is a serious worldwide problem, which adversely affects the growth, health, ... more Heavy metal toxicity is a serious worldwide problem, which adversely affects the growth, health, reproductive performance, and life span of all living organisms. Metals play an important role in human biology, and trace amounts of some metals such as manganese, for example are essential to life. At higher concentrations, however, the same metals are toxic. In addition, some metals, lead, for example do not occur naturally in the body, and its presence, usually as a result of occupational or pollution-related exposure and are detrimental to health. In the present investigation is aimed to study the metal mixture induced toxicity on protein expression in rats. The exposed liver of treated rats showed a significant decrease in protein expression compared to control rats. An increase in the band intensity was observed when the animals were supplemented with Ca 2+ +Fe 3+ +Zn 2+ and Vit-E.

_____________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Studies w... more _____________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Studies were conducted to examine the effect of the rats of 90 days old were exposed to The young rats (3 months) were exposed to lead acetate 20mg/kg body weight, Cd 2+ 20mg/kg body weight and As 3+ 20 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally daily for a period of 2 weeks. Animals were supplemented with Vit-E 20mg/kg body weight and Ca+Zn+Fe (2mg/kg body weight each) After the period of exposure, the animals were sacrificed and the tissues were collected rats in terms of the data showed that the exposure to heavy metals like Cd 2+ As 3+ and Pb 2+ led to a significant increase in mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity compared to the treated. The increased activity of succinate dehydrogenase activity was observed in animals treated with chemical supplement like Ca 2+ +Zn 2+ +Fe 3+ and Vitamin-E. A significant increase in mitochondrial Isocitrate dehydrogenase activity compared to the treated. The increased activity of Isocitrate dehydrogenase activity was observed in animals treated with chemical supplement like Ca 2+ +Zn 2+ +Fe 3+. A significant decrease in Cytosolic Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase activity compared to the treated. The increased activity of Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase activity was observed in animals treated with chemical supplement like Ca 2+ +Zn 2+ +Fe 3+ and Vitamin-E. A significant decrease in mitochondrial Glutamate dehydrogenase activity compared to the treated. The increased activity of Glutamate dehydrogenase activity was observed in animals treated with chemical supplement like Ca 2+ +Zn 2+ +Fe 3+ and Vitamin-E.

__________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Studies were conduct... more __________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Studies were conducted to examine the effect of the rats of 90 days old were exposed to As, Ca, Zn and Vit-E intraperitoneally daily for a period of 2 weeks. Control rats received only deionized distilled water injections intraperitoneally daily up to 2 weeks. After the period of exposure, the animals were sacrificed and the tissues were collected rats in terms of lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and data was showed that the exposure to As 3+ lead to a significant decrease in mitochondrial GPx activity compared to the control. The increase in the activity of GPx was observed in animals treated with Ca 2+ +Zn 2+ and Vit-E. However, among Vit-E and Ca+Zn supplementation, Vit-E showed more inhibitory activity against As than Ca 2+ +Zn 2+. A significant increase in mitochondrial Lipid peroxidation activity compared to the control. The decreased activity of Lipid peroxidation was observed in animals treated with Ca 2+ +Zn 2+ and Vit-E and significant decrease in mitochondrial Catalase activity compared to the control. The increased activity of Catalase was observed in animals treated with Ca+Zn and Vit-E.

_____________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: In Indian... more _____________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: In Indian ecosystem, Land snails form an important component in the forest ecosystem. In terms of number of species, the phylum Mollusca, to which land snails belong, is the largest phylum after Arthropoda. Mollusca provide unique ecosystem services including recycling of nutrients and they provide a prey base for small mammals, birds, snakes and other reptiles. However, land snails have the largest number of documented extinctions, compared to any other taxa. Till date approximately 1,129 species of land snails are recorded from Indian Territory, but only basic information is known about the molluscan taxonomy and little is known of their population biology, ecology and their conservation status. In this paper, we briefly review status, histological studies of various tissues of Bellamaya Bengalensis threats and conservation strategies of land snails of India.

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of sodium selenite on the antioxidative ac... more The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of sodium selenite on the antioxidative activities of neutrophils and the hematological parameters in mice. Forty eight mice were randomly allocated into two groups. Group 1 served as the control and 2 orally received at sodium selenite at 1 mg Se/kg for 10 consecutive days. To assess the degrees of oxidative stress and of lipid peroxidation of the cellular membranes, the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined in serum samples those were collected at different supplementation intervals, i.e. 0, 10, 20, and 30 th day of experimentation. In addition, hematological parameters in the serum samples were measured by routine procedures. It was found that TBARS level in group 2 were significantly higher on days 20 and 30 compared to the basal level on day 0. It was also found that on day 30, the activity of TBARS in the treated group were significantly higher than those of the controls (P < 0.05). These findings may explain the seemingly paradoxical effects of supplemental selenium on the indicators of oxidative stress, as the levels of TBARS were generally expected to decrease in the presence of selenium. There

A 57-yr-old female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) named Rani housed at SV Zoological Park, suff... more A 57-yr-old female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) named Rani housed at SV Zoological Park, suffering with anorexia, restlessness, and urinary tract infection was passing yellowish tinged cloudy urine. Urine analysis showed haematuria, leukocyturia, granular casts, and none of calcium oxalate crystals were found. Urine culture revealed the growth of Streptococcus, Proteus and E.coli. After conducting ABST the organisms were found sensitive to gentamycin and resistant to rest of the antibiotics. A presumptive diagnosis was made based on urinalysis, and urine culture.

Twelve different chilli varieties at three different stages (green, red ripe, red dry) were colle... more Twelve different chilli varieties at three different stages (green, red ripe, red dry) were collected. The chillies were subjected for the estimation and extraction of capsaicin and colour. The estimation of capsaicin was done in the laboratory to determine the pungency for each chilli variety collected. The pungency level was given in Scoville units. The chilli sample which has the highest pungency was subjected for the extraction of capsaicin. From the pericarp of the chilli the colour was extracted and the colour intensity was found according to the ASTA (American Spice Trade Association) and CU (Colour Units). The large scale industrial extraction procedure for the extraction of capsaicin and colour was collected.

The present study was aimed to assess the effects of sodium selenite on the neutrophil and the he... more The present study was aimed to assess the effects of sodium selenite on the neutrophil and the hematological parameters in mice. Thirty mice were randomly allocated into two groups fifteen animals in each group. Group 1 served as the control and 2 orally received sodium selenite orally at 1.5 mg Se/kg for 10 consecutive days. To assess the degrees of oxidative stress and of lipid peroxidation of the cellular membranes, the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined in serum samples that were collected on the 30 th day of experimentation. In addition, hematological parameters in the serum samples were measured by routine procedures. It was found that TBARS level in group 2 were significantly higher when compared to the basal level control group. These findings may explain the seemingly paradoxical effects of supplemental selenium on the indicators of oxidative stress, as the levels of TBARS were generally expected to decrease in the presence of selenium. Significant differences between the PCV in group 2 and RBC count in the group 2 was not significantly differed with control group. The white blood cell count (WBC) in group 2 showed a significant increase in experimental animal's comparison with the control group. However, there were significant increases of the neutrophil counts and significant decreases of the lymphocyte counts in experimental animals while comparing with controls.

Selenium (Se) is present in the earth's crust, often in association with sulfurcontaining mineral... more Selenium (Se) is present in the earth's crust, often in association with sulfurcontaining minerals. It is normally found in concentrations of 50-90 μg/kg, but higher concentrations can be associated with some volcanic, sedimentary and carbonate Rocks. Selenium has long been recognized as essential trace element and is important in many biochemical and physiological processes. On the other hand, selenium showed a toxic effect depending on its concentration. Inorganic and organic selenium compounds have been showed to have chemo preventive and anticancer effects against mammary gland, colon, lung, pancreas, and skin tumors. Selenium has adverse reproductive and developmental effects (decreased rates of conception, increased rates of fetal resorption, the present study was planned to investigate the histopathological effects of selenium in the form of sodium selenite on the testicular tissues of Swiss albino mice. Selenium was orally administered at a dose level of 3.5 ppm daily for 6 weeks. Testes of animals treated with selenium showed reduction in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules as well as the germinal epithelial height. Moreover, the treatment induced many histopathological alterations including degeneration of the spermatogenic cells, destruction of intertubular connective tissue and hemorrhage revealed marked reduction in the

Selenium (Se) is present in the earth's crust, often in association with sulfurcontaining mineral... more Selenium (Se) is present in the earth's crust, often in association with sulfurcontaining minerals. It is normally found in concentrations of 50-90 μg/kg, but higher concentrations can be associated with some volcanic, sedimentary and carbonate Rocks. Selenium has long been recognized as essential trace element and is important in many biochemical and physiological processes. On the other hand, selenium showed a toxic effect depending on its concentration. Inorganic and organic selenium compounds have been showed to have chemo preventive and anticancer effects against mammary gland, colon, lung, pancreas, and skin tumors. Selenium has adverse reproductive and developmental effects (decreased rates of conception, increased rates of fetal resorption, the present study was planned to investigate the histopathological effects of selenium in the form of sodium selenite on the testicular tissues of Swiss albino mice. Selenium was orally administered at a dose level of 3.5 ppm daily for 6 weeks. Testes of animals treated with selenium showed reduction in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules as well as the germinal epithelial height. Moreover, the treatment induced many histopathological alterations including degeneration of the spermatogenic cells, destruction of intertubular connective tissue and hemorrhage revealed marked reduction in the

Cytotoxic chemotherapy for malignant disease has markedly improved the chances of long-term remis... more Cytotoxic chemotherapy for malignant disease has markedly improved the chances of long-term remission or cure in young patients. Infertility is a common late effect of childhood cancer treatment. Testicular toxicity can clinically be first detected after the onset of pubertal maturation of the patients when the testis does not grow, spermatogenesis does not initiate and serum levels of gonadotrophins rise. Imatinib had demonstrated high levels of efficacy in gastrointestinal tumors and chronic myeloid leukemia patients at young ages that have not yet started a family. Most improved prognosis for childhood cancer has resulted in a growing number of childhood cancer survivors with late effects. Germ cells are important targets of variety chemicals. Germ cell mutagens irrespective of their chemical nature and properties, affect

The present paper records an extensive edema in Jersey x Sahiwal cows maintained by the farmers u... more The present paper records an extensive edema in Jersey x Sahiwal cows maintained by the farmers under field conditions. The average SCC of left fore, left hind, right fore and right hind quarters were 75476.54, 95705.26, 126151.77 and 46526.28 cells/ ml of milk respectively. The milk samples collected from swollen quarters of the cows showed negative reaction to all the four quarters for california mastitis test as well as for fungal growth. The edema due to obstruction of the venous flow resulted from pressure of the fetus in the pelvic cavity of the cows recovered immediately at calving. But the extensive edema persisted for five days and resulted in reduction of milk yield. The edema is reduced after the treatment of cow for a period of five days in Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cows.