Fatemeh Mohammadi | Shiraz University Of Medical Sciences (original) (raw)
Papers by Fatemeh Mohammadi
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2009
Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is a highly prevalent sexually transmitted disease. Testing rat... more Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is a highly prevalent sexually transmitted disease. Testing rates among young Norwegian women are high. Young women diagnosed with C. trachomatis are often worried about future complications. Methods: Our cohort consisted of 24,947 women born 1970-1984 who were tested for C. trachomatis infection during 1990-2005. We linked C. trachomatis laboratory data to data on hospitalizations for pelvic inflammatory disease during 1990-2005. Cox regression analysis with time-dependent covariates adjusted for age at first test was used to assess the association between C. trachomatis history and pelvic inflammatory disease. Results: Follow-up until the end of 2005 included 201,387 woman-years. The incidence rate of hospitalization for pelvic inflammatory disease was higher among women with prior C. trachomatis infection than among women with negative tests only (48 events during 32,057 person-years and 143 events during 169,192 person-years, corresponding to 0.15 and 0.08 per 100 person-years, respectively). The corresponding hazard ratio adjusted for age at first test was 1.69 (95% CI, 1.21-2.36). Conclusion: Our data show a link between a diagnosis of C. trachomatis infection and subsequent pelvic inflammatory disease. However, pelvic inflammatory disease was a rare event irrespective of C. trachomatis status. These, together with other recent findings, can be used to reassure women worried about their future reproductive health following a diagnosis of C. trachomatis.
Sleep Medicine, 2011
Introduction and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder which induc... more Introduction and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder which induces nocturnal hypoxemia, hypercapnia and sleep fragmentation. It subsequently results in excessive daytime sleepiness, mood problems, poor neurocognitive performance as well as serious organ system dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms as the most prevalent psychological disturbances present in different severity of OSA. Materials and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 649 recently diagnosed sleep-disordered patients over 18 years of age, referred to Noor Sleep Lab from August 2008 to November 2010. The participants filled the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms. We collected other characteristics of subjects such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) was determined by an overnight polysomnography. Results: Mean age of the participants was 47.19 years (SD = 11.66). More than 40% of patients had normal levels of depression and anxiety. AHI showed no significant correlation with BDI or BAI (p>0.05). Obesity was not correlated with depression or anxiety (p>0.05). Nonetheless, ESS was weakly correlated with depression and anxiety scores (p=0.01, r2=0.11). BMI and ESS means were significantly higher in patients with severe OSA (p<0.05). In comparison with men, the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms were significantly higher in women (p=0.000). Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study of patients with sleep problems, a majority of patients had normal to mild levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms and OSA was not associated with severity of these symptoms.
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2012
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder which can result in mood problems. The a... more Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder which can result in mood problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms as the most prevalent psychological disturbances present in different severity of OSA. We performed a cross-sectional study of 685 recently diagnosed sleep-disordered patients, over the age of 18, referred to Noor Sleep Lab from August 2008 to November 2010. The participants filled the Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) to assess the depression and anxiety symptoms. We collected other characteristics of subjects such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Apnea hypopnea index (AHI) was determined by an overnight polysomnography. Mean age of the participants was 47.63 years (SD 11.73). More than half of patient had some degrees of depression and anxiety. AHI showed no significant correlation with BDI (p = 0.105, r =-0.070) or BAI (p = 0.712, r =-0.016). Obesity was not either correlated with depression or anxiety (p = 0.18, r = 0.05). Nonetheless, ESS was weakly correlated with depression (p = 0.001, r = 0.148) and anxiety scores (p = 0.006, r = 0.120). BMI and ESS means were significantly higher in patients with severe OSA (p = 0.000). In comparison with men, the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms was significantly higher in women (p = 0.000). In this cross-sectional study of patients with sleep problems, OSA was not associated with severity of depression and anxiety symptoms.
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2012
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2020
Previous studies of fetal death with maternal influenza have been inconsistent. We explored the e... more Previous studies of fetal death with maternal influenza have been inconsistent. We explored the effect of maternal influenza-like illness (ILI) in pregnancy on the risk of fetal death, distinguishing between diagnoses during regular influenza seasons and the 2009/2010 pandemic and between trimesters of ILI. We used birth records from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway to identify fetal deaths after the first trimester in singleton pregnancies (2006–2013). The Norwegian Directorate of Health provided dates of clinical influenza diagnoses by primary-health-care providers, whereas dates of laboratory-confirmed influenza A (H1N1) diagnoses were provided by the Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases. We obtained dates and types of influenza vaccinations from the Norwegian Immunisation Registry. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of fetal death, with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs), comparing women with and w...
Mathematica scandinavica, 2010
Abstract. Studying vertex decomposable, shellable or (sequen-tially) Cohen-Macaulay graphs has at... more Abstract. Studying vertex decomposable, shellable or (sequen-tially) Cohen-Macaulay graphs has attracted significant attention of researchers working in the borderline of combinatorial commu-tative algebra and algebraic combinatorics. Recently Woodroofe showed that all ...
Iranian journal of public health, 2013
Despite reports on association between overweight/obesity among women and household food insecuri... more Despite reports on association between overweight/obesity among women and household food insecurity (FI) in developed countries, such association is not evident in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the association between household FI and weight status in adult females in Tehran, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 418 households were selected through systematic cluster sampling from 6 districts of Tehran. Height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Socio-economic status of the household was assessed by a questionnaire. Three consecutive 24-hour diet recalls were completed. FI was measured using adapted Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Logistic regression was used to test the effects of SES and food security on weight status, simultaneously. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) potential causal relationships between FI and weight status was explored. Only 1.0% of women were underweight, while 40.3% were overweight and 33% were...
Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2013
Nutrition Research, 2002
This study was conducted to assess the association of educational level and marital status with d... more This study was conducted to assess the association of educational level and marital status with dietary intake, obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors. 733 subjects, 408 women and 325 men, aged between 20-60 years, were randomly selected from the participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Data on educational level, and marital status were obtained by a questionnaire. Following measurement of weight, height, waist and hip according to standard protocol, body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Dietary intake was assessed by completing two 24-hour dietary recalls during face to face interviews. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides levels, and HDL cholesterol were measured after 12-14 hours fasting. Subjects were divided into four groups based on educational levels: illiterate or low literacy, intermediary school, high school and university graduates. Adjusted for age, increases in triglycerides levels in men with high educational levels were observed. In women with different educational levels, none of the studied variables differed. In married men total energy intake (3001 Ϯ 625 vs. 2905 Ϯ 543 Kcal/d, P Ͻ 0.05) and iron intake (29.0Ϯ8.1 vs. 28.1Ϯ 10 mg/d, P Ͻ 0.05) were significantly higher than in single men. BMI and WHR in single women were lower than in married ones (P Ͻ 0.05) and HDL-cholesterol was higher in single men (P Ͻ 0.05) and women (P Ͻ 0.01). We concluded that educational level and marital status has an association with BMI, WHR, serum lipid levels and dietary intake, in men and women.
Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2003
In order to investigate gender differences in health indices, dietary intakes and obesity in urba... more In order to investigate gender differences in health indices, dietary intakes and obesity in urban Iranian adults, we considered a sub-sample of the adult population of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. The randomly selected sub-sample consisted of 483 subjects aged 25-50 years (229 men and 254 women) and 153 aged more than 50 years (81 men and 72 women). Their anthropometrical variables were recorded, and their body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio were calculated. Dietary intake was assessed by means of two-day dietary recall and the completion of dietary habit questionnaires during face-to-face interviews. Underreporting was defined as a ratio of energy intake (EI)/basal metabolic rate (BMR) < 1.27. The mean BMI of the women in both age groups was significantly higher than that of the men (p < 0.05). Central obesity was more frequent in the women and among older subjects. The women had higher plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but lower levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Underreporting of EI was more frequent in the women than the men: 34.0% vs 15.4% in the younger group, and 40.3% vs 17.3% in the older group (p < 0.01). There were major gender differences in the mean daily intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, fibre, cholesterol, iron, calcium and phosphorus. A higher proportion of women met the cholesterol intake guidelines. Data from the dietary habit questionnaires showed that more men than women usually sprinkle salt on their food. The results of this study partially support the hypothesis of gender differences in dietary intakes, and the prevalence of obesity and some health-related indices, and suggest the need for gender-specific, targeted nutrition messages and behavioural interventions in developing prevention strategies for cardiovascular risk factors.
Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra, 2009
Communicated by J. Walker MSC: 05C40 05C45 16P10 16P40
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 2001
To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity in an adolescent population in Tehran and to de... more To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity in an adolescent population in Tehran and to determine possible association with energy and nutrient intake and distribution of energy over the day. A cross-sectional study on 177 boys and 244 girls between 10-19 years old was performed. Overweight and obesity were defined by using recommended body mass index (BMI) cut-off values for adolescents. Total energy intake, percent of energy derived from protein, carbohydrate and fat and percent of energy supplied by each meal and snack were assessed by means of two 24-hour dietary recalls. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 10.7 and 5.1 in boys and 18.4 and 2.8 in girls, respectively. The composition of diet was not different between overweight/obese and normal weight subjects. BMI was related with breakfast energy percentage in girls (r = -0.18, p < 0.01), with total energy intake in boys (r = 0.23, p < 0.01), and with lunch energy percentage in both sexes. In boys (r = 0.16, p < 0.05) and in girls (r = 0.22, p < 0.01). High prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents was seen. In boys some relationship between total energy intake, distribution of energy over the day and BMI was seen. In girls BMI was only related with distribution of energy over the day.
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 2003
This study was conducted to determine the energy intake of adult residents of district 13 of Tehr... more This study was conducted to determine the energy intake of adult residents of district 13 of Tehran and compare the results with their energy requirements. In this cross-sectional study, 403 subjects were selected by random sampling, including 145 men and 151 women aged 25-50 years and 57 men and 50 women over 50 years old in the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Height, body weight, waist and hip circumferences were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Mean energy requirements for each sex-age group were estimated by multiplying specific coefficients (allocated to each group) by body weight and resting energy expenditure (REE), and the results of both methods were compared with mean energy values recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. recommended dietary allowance (RDA). Dietary assessment was performed by 48-hour diet recall. A ratio of energy intake to basal metabolic rate lower than 1.27 was considered as under-reporting. Physical activity was evaluated by standard questionnaire of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC). Women were significantly more overweight and obese than men (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) and older women were more obese than younger ones (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Only one-third of the study population had adequate physical activity. Women had significantly lower physical activity than men (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01). Energy requirements for both age and sex groups were lower than recommended daily allowances for energy: men 25-50; 2576 vs. 2900; men &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 50: 2155 vs. 2300; women 20-50: 2045 vs. 2200 and women &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 50: 1817 vs. 1900 kilocalories (kcal). Reported energy intake of men was higher and that of women was lower than the RDA. Forty percent of women and 14% of men under-reported their energy intake. The energy requirement of the average Tehranian is lower than daily allowances; conditions of obesity and overweight are more prevalent in women. There is high frequency of under-reporting of energy intake in women. Lifestyle modifications to improve dietary habits and to increase physical activity are recommended to decrease overweight and obesity in urban population of Tehran.
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 2010
Objectives: Elevated liver enzymes including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotr... more Objectives: Elevated liver enzymes including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) may be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease. We investigated the association of cardiometabolic risk factors and liver enzymes in a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: The national study was conducted in the framework of the third survey of Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and PreventIon of Adult Non-communicable disease study. Subjects were 3948 students (1942 girls, 67.55% urban, mean age 14.7 AE 2.4 years) who were recruited by multistage random cluster sampling from 27 provincial counties in Iran. Physical examination and laboratory tests were conducted under standard protocols. Results: Participants with elevated serum ALT had higher levels of almost all cardiometabolic risk factors than other participants; this difference was not significant for fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure in both sexes, as well as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in girls. Participants with generalized and abdominal obesity, MetS, elevated blood pressure, triglycerides, and total cholesterol had increased risk for elevated ALT; this risk remained significant after adjusting for sex and age. Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was found as a predictor for both elevated ALT (odds ratio ¼ 2.182, 95% confidence interval: 1.533-3.105) and AST (odds ratio ¼ 2.022, 95% confidence interval 1.438-2.844) even after adjusting for all potential confounders. General (B ¼ 0.158, SE ¼ 0.030) and abdominal obesity (B ¼ 0.058, SE ¼ 0.029), MetS (B ¼ 0.231, SE ¼ 0.048), and triglycerides (B ¼ 0.094, SE ¼ 0.030) were associated with ALT:AST ratio after adjusting for all potential confounders (P < 0.001). Conclusions: We documented strong relations of elevated ALT, AST levels, and ALT:AST ratio with most cardiometabolic risk factors. This relation was independent of anthropometric indexes. Liver enzymes can be considered as a cardiometabolic risk factor from childhood, and as an additional component of the MetS.
Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal, 2011
We consider Stanley-Reisner rings k[x 1 , . . . , xn]/I(H) where I(H) is the edge ideal associate... more We consider Stanley-Reisner rings k[x 1 , . . . , xn]/I(H) where I(H) is the edge ideal associated to some particular classes of hypergraphs. For instance, we consider hypergraphs that are natural generalizations of graphs that are lines and cycles, and for these we compute the Betti numbers. We also generalize upon some known results about chordal graphs and study a weak form of shellability.
Objective: To assess the validity of a locally adapted Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HF... more Objective: To assess the validity of a locally adapted Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) in the measurement of household food insecurity (FI) in the city of Tehran. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Urban households were selected through a systematic cluster sampling method from six different districts of Tehran. The socio-economic status of households was evaluated using a questionnaire by means of interviews. An adapted HFIAS was used to measure FI. Content validity was assessed by an expert panel, and the questionnaire was then tested among ten households for clarity. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing the measure with a number of determinants and consequences of FI. Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's a and exploratory factor analysis. For repeatability, the questionnaire was administered twice to twenty-five households at an interval of 20 d and Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated. Subjects: A total of 416 households. Results: In all, 11?8 %, 14?4 % and 17?5 % of the households were severely, moderately and mildly food insecure, respectively. Cronbach's a was 0?855. A significant correlation was observed between the two administrations of the questionnaire (r 5 0?895, P , 0?001). Factor analysis of HFIAS items revealed two factors: the first five items as factor 1 (mild-to-moderate FI) and the last four as factor 2 (severe FI). Heads of food-secure households had higher education and higher job position compared with heads of food-insecure households (P , 0?001). Income and expenditure were lower in food-insecure households compared with food-secure households. Conclusions: Adapted HFIAS showed acceptable levels of internal consistency, criterion validity and reliability in assessing household FI among Tehranians.
International Journal of Nursing Practice, 2014
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of home-based low-intensity stretching and breathi... more This study aims to determine the effectiveness of home-based low-intensity stretching and breathing exercises on the reduction of 1 and 2 month post-partum depression (primary outcome) and fatigue (secondary outcome) scores. In this randomized controlled trial, 127 women at 26-32 weeks&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; gestation with Edinburgh score less than 15, who attended 14 selected health centres in Tabriz, Iran, were randomly allocated into one of the following three groups: no intervention group, group receiving training for exercise during pregnancy, and group receiving training for exercise during pregnancy and post-partum period until 2 months after delivery. Depression and fatigue scores were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Fatigue Identification Form, respectively, at baseline, 1 month and 2 months after delivery. The data were analysed with SPSS-ver. 13.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) using chi-square, Fisher&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Mean rank of the difference scores of depression and fatigue were not significantly different among the groups, both at 1 and 2 months post-partum (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.05). Therefore, this study did not provide evidence to show that training women to do the home-based exercises during pregnancy or during pregnancy and post-partum period have a preventive effect on post-partum depression and fatigue. However, more studies are needed for making precise judgment.
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2009
Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is a highly prevalent sexually transmitted disease. Testing rat... more Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is a highly prevalent sexually transmitted disease. Testing rates among young Norwegian women are high. Young women diagnosed with C. trachomatis are often worried about future complications. Methods: Our cohort consisted of 24,947 women born 1970-1984 who were tested for C. trachomatis infection during 1990-2005. We linked C. trachomatis laboratory data to data on hospitalizations for pelvic inflammatory disease during 1990-2005. Cox regression analysis with time-dependent covariates adjusted for age at first test was used to assess the association between C. trachomatis history and pelvic inflammatory disease. Results: Follow-up until the end of 2005 included 201,387 woman-years. The incidence rate of hospitalization for pelvic inflammatory disease was higher among women with prior C. trachomatis infection than among women with negative tests only (48 events during 32,057 person-years and 143 events during 169,192 person-years, corresponding to 0.15 and 0.08 per 100 person-years, respectively). The corresponding hazard ratio adjusted for age at first test was 1.69 (95% CI, 1.21-2.36). Conclusion: Our data show a link between a diagnosis of C. trachomatis infection and subsequent pelvic inflammatory disease. However, pelvic inflammatory disease was a rare event irrespective of C. trachomatis status. These, together with other recent findings, can be used to reassure women worried about their future reproductive health following a diagnosis of C. trachomatis.
Sleep Medicine, 2011
Introduction and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder which induc... more Introduction and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder which induces nocturnal hypoxemia, hypercapnia and sleep fragmentation. It subsequently results in excessive daytime sleepiness, mood problems, poor neurocognitive performance as well as serious organ system dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms as the most prevalent psychological disturbances present in different severity of OSA. Materials and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 649 recently diagnosed sleep-disordered patients over 18 years of age, referred to Noor Sleep Lab from August 2008 to November 2010. The participants filled the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms. We collected other characteristics of subjects such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) was determined by an overnight polysomnography. Results: Mean age of the participants was 47.19 years (SD = 11.66). More than 40% of patients had normal levels of depression and anxiety. AHI showed no significant correlation with BDI or BAI (p>0.05). Obesity was not correlated with depression or anxiety (p>0.05). Nonetheless, ESS was weakly correlated with depression and anxiety scores (p=0.01, r2=0.11). BMI and ESS means were significantly higher in patients with severe OSA (p<0.05). In comparison with men, the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms were significantly higher in women (p=0.000). Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study of patients with sleep problems, a majority of patients had normal to mild levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms and OSA was not associated with severity of these symptoms.
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2012
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder which can result in mood problems. The a... more Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder which can result in mood problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms as the most prevalent psychological disturbances present in different severity of OSA. We performed a cross-sectional study of 685 recently diagnosed sleep-disordered patients, over the age of 18, referred to Noor Sleep Lab from August 2008 to November 2010. The participants filled the Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) to assess the depression and anxiety symptoms. We collected other characteristics of subjects such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Apnea hypopnea index (AHI) was determined by an overnight polysomnography. Mean age of the participants was 47.63 years (SD 11.73). More than half of patient had some degrees of depression and anxiety. AHI showed no significant correlation with BDI (p = 0.105, r =-0.070) or BAI (p = 0.712, r =-0.016). Obesity was not either correlated with depression or anxiety (p = 0.18, r = 0.05). Nonetheless, ESS was weakly correlated with depression (p = 0.001, r = 0.148) and anxiety scores (p = 0.006, r = 0.120). BMI and ESS means were significantly higher in patients with severe OSA (p = 0.000). In comparison with men, the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms was significantly higher in women (p = 0.000). In this cross-sectional study of patients with sleep problems, OSA was not associated with severity of depression and anxiety symptoms.
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2012
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2020
Previous studies of fetal death with maternal influenza have been inconsistent. We explored the e... more Previous studies of fetal death with maternal influenza have been inconsistent. We explored the effect of maternal influenza-like illness (ILI) in pregnancy on the risk of fetal death, distinguishing between diagnoses during regular influenza seasons and the 2009/2010 pandemic and between trimesters of ILI. We used birth records from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway to identify fetal deaths after the first trimester in singleton pregnancies (2006–2013). The Norwegian Directorate of Health provided dates of clinical influenza diagnoses by primary-health-care providers, whereas dates of laboratory-confirmed influenza A (H1N1) diagnoses were provided by the Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases. We obtained dates and types of influenza vaccinations from the Norwegian Immunisation Registry. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of fetal death, with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs), comparing women with and w...
Mathematica scandinavica, 2010
Abstract. Studying vertex decomposable, shellable or (sequen-tially) Cohen-Macaulay graphs has at... more Abstract. Studying vertex decomposable, shellable or (sequen-tially) Cohen-Macaulay graphs has attracted significant attention of researchers working in the borderline of combinatorial commu-tative algebra and algebraic combinatorics. Recently Woodroofe showed that all ...
Iranian journal of public health, 2013
Despite reports on association between overweight/obesity among women and household food insecuri... more Despite reports on association between overweight/obesity among women and household food insecurity (FI) in developed countries, such association is not evident in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the association between household FI and weight status in adult females in Tehran, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 418 households were selected through systematic cluster sampling from 6 districts of Tehran. Height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Socio-economic status of the household was assessed by a questionnaire. Three consecutive 24-hour diet recalls were completed. FI was measured using adapted Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Logistic regression was used to test the effects of SES and food security on weight status, simultaneously. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) potential causal relationships between FI and weight status was explored. Only 1.0% of women were underweight, while 40.3% were overweight and 33% were...
Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2013
Nutrition Research, 2002
This study was conducted to assess the association of educational level and marital status with d... more This study was conducted to assess the association of educational level and marital status with dietary intake, obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors. 733 subjects, 408 women and 325 men, aged between 20-60 years, were randomly selected from the participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Data on educational level, and marital status were obtained by a questionnaire. Following measurement of weight, height, waist and hip according to standard protocol, body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Dietary intake was assessed by completing two 24-hour dietary recalls during face to face interviews. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides levels, and HDL cholesterol were measured after 12-14 hours fasting. Subjects were divided into four groups based on educational levels: illiterate or low literacy, intermediary school, high school and university graduates. Adjusted for age, increases in triglycerides levels in men with high educational levels were observed. In women with different educational levels, none of the studied variables differed. In married men total energy intake (3001 Ϯ 625 vs. 2905 Ϯ 543 Kcal/d, P Ͻ 0.05) and iron intake (29.0Ϯ8.1 vs. 28.1Ϯ 10 mg/d, P Ͻ 0.05) were significantly higher than in single men. BMI and WHR in single women were lower than in married ones (P Ͻ 0.05) and HDL-cholesterol was higher in single men (P Ͻ 0.05) and women (P Ͻ 0.01). We concluded that educational level and marital status has an association with BMI, WHR, serum lipid levels and dietary intake, in men and women.
Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2003
In order to investigate gender differences in health indices, dietary intakes and obesity in urba... more In order to investigate gender differences in health indices, dietary intakes and obesity in urban Iranian adults, we considered a sub-sample of the adult population of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. The randomly selected sub-sample consisted of 483 subjects aged 25-50 years (229 men and 254 women) and 153 aged more than 50 years (81 men and 72 women). Their anthropometrical variables were recorded, and their body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio were calculated. Dietary intake was assessed by means of two-day dietary recall and the completion of dietary habit questionnaires during face-to-face interviews. Underreporting was defined as a ratio of energy intake (EI)/basal metabolic rate (BMR) < 1.27. The mean BMI of the women in both age groups was significantly higher than that of the men (p < 0.05). Central obesity was more frequent in the women and among older subjects. The women had higher plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but lower levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Underreporting of EI was more frequent in the women than the men: 34.0% vs 15.4% in the younger group, and 40.3% vs 17.3% in the older group (p < 0.01). There were major gender differences in the mean daily intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, fibre, cholesterol, iron, calcium and phosphorus. A higher proportion of women met the cholesterol intake guidelines. Data from the dietary habit questionnaires showed that more men than women usually sprinkle salt on their food. The results of this study partially support the hypothesis of gender differences in dietary intakes, and the prevalence of obesity and some health-related indices, and suggest the need for gender-specific, targeted nutrition messages and behavioural interventions in developing prevention strategies for cardiovascular risk factors.
Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra, 2009
Communicated by J. Walker MSC: 05C40 05C45 16P10 16P40
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 2001
To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity in an adolescent population in Tehran and to de... more To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity in an adolescent population in Tehran and to determine possible association with energy and nutrient intake and distribution of energy over the day. A cross-sectional study on 177 boys and 244 girls between 10-19 years old was performed. Overweight and obesity were defined by using recommended body mass index (BMI) cut-off values for adolescents. Total energy intake, percent of energy derived from protein, carbohydrate and fat and percent of energy supplied by each meal and snack were assessed by means of two 24-hour dietary recalls. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 10.7 and 5.1 in boys and 18.4 and 2.8 in girls, respectively. The composition of diet was not different between overweight/obese and normal weight subjects. BMI was related with breakfast energy percentage in girls (r = -0.18, p < 0.01), with total energy intake in boys (r = 0.23, p < 0.01), and with lunch energy percentage in both sexes. In boys (r = 0.16, p < 0.05) and in girls (r = 0.22, p < 0.01). High prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents was seen. In boys some relationship between total energy intake, distribution of energy over the day and BMI was seen. In girls BMI was only related with distribution of energy over the day.
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 2003
This study was conducted to determine the energy intake of adult residents of district 13 of Tehr... more This study was conducted to determine the energy intake of adult residents of district 13 of Tehran and compare the results with their energy requirements. In this cross-sectional study, 403 subjects were selected by random sampling, including 145 men and 151 women aged 25-50 years and 57 men and 50 women over 50 years old in the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Height, body weight, waist and hip circumferences were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Mean energy requirements for each sex-age group were estimated by multiplying specific coefficients (allocated to each group) by body weight and resting energy expenditure (REE), and the results of both methods were compared with mean energy values recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. recommended dietary allowance (RDA). Dietary assessment was performed by 48-hour diet recall. A ratio of energy intake to basal metabolic rate lower than 1.27 was considered as under-reporting. Physical activity was evaluated by standard questionnaire of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC). Women were significantly more overweight and obese than men (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) and older women were more obese than younger ones (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Only one-third of the study population had adequate physical activity. Women had significantly lower physical activity than men (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01). Energy requirements for both age and sex groups were lower than recommended daily allowances for energy: men 25-50; 2576 vs. 2900; men &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 50: 2155 vs. 2300; women 20-50: 2045 vs. 2200 and women &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 50: 1817 vs. 1900 kilocalories (kcal). Reported energy intake of men was higher and that of women was lower than the RDA. Forty percent of women and 14% of men under-reported their energy intake. The energy requirement of the average Tehranian is lower than daily allowances; conditions of obesity and overweight are more prevalent in women. There is high frequency of under-reporting of energy intake in women. Lifestyle modifications to improve dietary habits and to increase physical activity are recommended to decrease overweight and obesity in urban population of Tehran.
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 2010
Objectives: Elevated liver enzymes including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotr... more Objectives: Elevated liver enzymes including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) may be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease. We investigated the association of cardiometabolic risk factors and liver enzymes in a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: The national study was conducted in the framework of the third survey of Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and PreventIon of Adult Non-communicable disease study. Subjects were 3948 students (1942 girls, 67.55% urban, mean age 14.7 AE 2.4 years) who were recruited by multistage random cluster sampling from 27 provincial counties in Iran. Physical examination and laboratory tests were conducted under standard protocols. Results: Participants with elevated serum ALT had higher levels of almost all cardiometabolic risk factors than other participants; this difference was not significant for fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure in both sexes, as well as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in girls. Participants with generalized and abdominal obesity, MetS, elevated blood pressure, triglycerides, and total cholesterol had increased risk for elevated ALT; this risk remained significant after adjusting for sex and age. Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was found as a predictor for both elevated ALT (odds ratio ¼ 2.182, 95% confidence interval: 1.533-3.105) and AST (odds ratio ¼ 2.022, 95% confidence interval 1.438-2.844) even after adjusting for all potential confounders. General (B ¼ 0.158, SE ¼ 0.030) and abdominal obesity (B ¼ 0.058, SE ¼ 0.029), MetS (B ¼ 0.231, SE ¼ 0.048), and triglycerides (B ¼ 0.094, SE ¼ 0.030) were associated with ALT:AST ratio after adjusting for all potential confounders (P < 0.001). Conclusions: We documented strong relations of elevated ALT, AST levels, and ALT:AST ratio with most cardiometabolic risk factors. This relation was independent of anthropometric indexes. Liver enzymes can be considered as a cardiometabolic risk factor from childhood, and as an additional component of the MetS.
Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal, 2011
We consider Stanley-Reisner rings k[x 1 , . . . , xn]/I(H) where I(H) is the edge ideal associate... more We consider Stanley-Reisner rings k[x 1 , . . . , xn]/I(H) where I(H) is the edge ideal associated to some particular classes of hypergraphs. For instance, we consider hypergraphs that are natural generalizations of graphs that are lines and cycles, and for these we compute the Betti numbers. We also generalize upon some known results about chordal graphs and study a weak form of shellability.
Objective: To assess the validity of a locally adapted Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HF... more Objective: To assess the validity of a locally adapted Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) in the measurement of household food insecurity (FI) in the city of Tehran. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Urban households were selected through a systematic cluster sampling method from six different districts of Tehran. The socio-economic status of households was evaluated using a questionnaire by means of interviews. An adapted HFIAS was used to measure FI. Content validity was assessed by an expert panel, and the questionnaire was then tested among ten households for clarity. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing the measure with a number of determinants and consequences of FI. Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's a and exploratory factor analysis. For repeatability, the questionnaire was administered twice to twenty-five households at an interval of 20 d and Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated. Subjects: A total of 416 households. Results: In all, 11?8 %, 14?4 % and 17?5 % of the households were severely, moderately and mildly food insecure, respectively. Cronbach's a was 0?855. A significant correlation was observed between the two administrations of the questionnaire (r 5 0?895, P , 0?001). Factor analysis of HFIAS items revealed two factors: the first five items as factor 1 (mild-to-moderate FI) and the last four as factor 2 (severe FI). Heads of food-secure households had higher education and higher job position compared with heads of food-insecure households (P , 0?001). Income and expenditure were lower in food-insecure households compared with food-secure households. Conclusions: Adapted HFIAS showed acceptable levels of internal consistency, criterion validity and reliability in assessing household FI among Tehranians.
International Journal of Nursing Practice, 2014
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of home-based low-intensity stretching and breathi... more This study aims to determine the effectiveness of home-based low-intensity stretching and breathing exercises on the reduction of 1 and 2 month post-partum depression (primary outcome) and fatigue (secondary outcome) scores. In this randomized controlled trial, 127 women at 26-32 weeks&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; gestation with Edinburgh score less than 15, who attended 14 selected health centres in Tabriz, Iran, were randomly allocated into one of the following three groups: no intervention group, group receiving training for exercise during pregnancy, and group receiving training for exercise during pregnancy and post-partum period until 2 months after delivery. Depression and fatigue scores were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Fatigue Identification Form, respectively, at baseline, 1 month and 2 months after delivery. The data were analysed with SPSS-ver. 13.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) using chi-square, Fisher&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Mean rank of the difference scores of depression and fatigue were not significantly different among the groups, both at 1 and 2 months post-partum (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.05). Therefore, this study did not provide evidence to show that training women to do the home-based exercises during pregnancy or during pregnancy and post-partum period have a preventive effect on post-partum depression and fatigue. However, more studies are needed for making precise judgment.