Ming-Jung Ho | National Taiwan University (original) (raw)

Papers by Ming-Jung Ho

Chicago, Illinois, USA Excellent healthcare communication considers patient journeys -the experie... more Chicago, Illinois, USA Excellent healthcare communication considers patient journeys -the experience of the patient, the flow of information -along with the complementarity of medical considerations and interpersonal ones (e.g., empathy, engagement and rapport); the connection between multidisciplinary research and the education, training and practice of healthcare practitioners; and the insights that can be gained by comparing healthcare communication within healthcare systems around the world.

(Authors: Elizabeth A. Rider,Suzanne Kurtz, Diana Slade, Esterbrook Longmaid III, Ming-Jung Ho,Ja... more (Authors: Elizabeth A. Rider,Suzanne Kurtz, Diana Slade, Esterbrook Longmaid III, Ming-Jung Ho,Jack Kwok-hung Pun, Suzanne Eggins,William T. Branch Jr.)

Objectives: The human dimensions of healthcare—core values and skilled communication necessary for
every healthcare interaction—are fundamental to compassionate, ethical, and safe relationship-centered
care. The objectives of this paper are to: describe the development of the International Charter for Human
Values in Healthcare which delineates core values, articulate the role of skilled communication in
enacting these values, and provide examples showing translation of the Charter’s values into action.
Methods: We describe development of the Charter using combined qualitative research methods and the
international, interprofessional collaboration of institutions and individuals worldwide.
Results: We identified five fundamental categories of human values for every healthcare interaction—
Compassion, Respect for Persons, Commitment to Integrity and Ethical Practice, Commitment to
Excellence, and Justice in Healthcare—and delineated subvalues within each category. We have
disseminated the Charter internationally and incorporated it into education/training. Diverse healthcare
partners have joined in this work.
Conclusion: We chronicle the development and dissemination of the International Charter for Human
Values in Healthcare, the role of skilled communication in demonstrating values, and provide examples of
educational and clinical programs integrating these values.
Practice implications: The Charter identifies and promotes core values clinicians and educators can
demonstrate through skilled communication and use to advance humanistic educational programs and
practice.

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 2009

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 2011

Medical professionalism has gained global attention over the past decade, but there is a paucity ... more Medical professionalism has gained global attention over the past decade, but there is a paucity of literature on the universal applicability of the dominant professionalism framework developed in the West. This study proposes an institutional approach to build a framework for medical professionalism that incorporates historical and sociocultural contexts.

Medical teacher, 2012

Background: In the age of globalization, non-Western medical educators seem too eager to conform ... more Background: In the age of globalization, non-Western medical educators seem too eager to conform to Western educational approaches and may, thereby, undermine the pursuit of local curricular needs. Aims: To develop a medical professionalism curriculum that explicitly considered local cultural needs and social expectations. Method: We used a systematic six-step approach to develop the curriculum. Results: We engaged local stakeholders ( physicians, allied health professionals, and members of the public) in a nominal group process to identify professionalism competencies. Students and faculty participated in a survey and/or focus groups to determine learner/faculty needs. Teachers drafted goals and objectives related to locally valued competencies. We designed and implemented educational strategies to develop students' competencies that meet local societal expectations, such as involving family members in decision making. We plan to use multi-source feedback and a portfolio to assess students, which reinforces a definition of integrity that encompasses not only congruence between individual values and behaviors, but also achieving harmony among all stakeholders. We plan to reinforce the formal curriculum with faculty development and attention to the hidden curriculum.

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 2012

Medical education, 2012

Medical Education 2012:46: 245–256Context Medical educators internationally are faced with the c... more Medical Education 2012:46: 245–256Context Medical educators internationally are faced with the challenge of teaching and assessing professionalism in their students. Some studies have drawn attention to contextual factors that influence students’ responses to professional dilemmas. Although culture is a significant contextual factor, no research has examined student responses to professional dilemmas across different cultures.Methods Semi-structured interviews inquiring into reactions towards, and reasoning about, five video clips depicting students facing professional dilemmas were conducted with 24 final-year medical students in Taiwan. The interviews were transcribed and analysed according to the theoretical framework used in prior Canadian studies using the same videos and interview questions.Results The framework from previous Canadian research, including the components of principles, affect and implications, was generally applicable to the decision making of Taiwanese students, with some distinctions. Taiwanese students cited a few more avowed principles. Taiwanese students emphasised an additional unavowed principle that pertained to following the advice of more senior trainees. In addition to implications for patients, team members or themselves, Taiwanese students considered the impact of their responses on multiple relationships, including those with patients’ families and alumni residents. Cultural norms were also cited by Taiwanese students.Conclusions Medical educators must acknowledge students’ reasoning in professionally challenging situations and guide students to balance considerations of principles, implications, affects and cultural norms. The prominence of Confucian relationalism in this study, exhibited by students’ considerations of the rippling effects of their behaviours on all their social relationships, calls for further cross-cultural studies on medical professionalism to move the field beyond a Western individualist focus.

Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 2004

Social workers and foster mothers alike defined "bad" foster mothers as those who fostered for mo... more Social workers and foster mothers alike defined "bad" foster mothers as those who fostered for money and did not really care about children. Wozniak makes a strong case that this term represents not a reality, but a cultural archetype that perpetuates the emotional and economic exploitation of women. She claims to have searched in vain for "bad" foster mothers. Nevertheless, some of the stories on which the book is based belie the implied claim that no foster mothers place their own interests above those of a child. We hear, for instance, of a woman who, as a foster child herself, was treated as a maid and babysitter, and of a child sexually abused in a previous foster home. One wonders whether Wozniak might not have overstated her case and about what might account for the discrepancies between the foster parents interviewed in the study and those who find their way into such accounts.

Culture Medicine and Psychiatry, 2006

This article discusses the perspectives of Chinatown’s traditional Chinese medical practitioners ... more This article discusses the perspectives of Chinatown’s traditional Chinese medical practitioners on tuberculosis among New York City’s Chinese laborers. The practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the United States is neither regulated nor well understood. Some public health providers have expressed their concern that the use of TCM could prevent Chinese tuberculosis patients from receiving proper, biomedical treatment. Contrary to the suspicion of public health providers, the traditional Chinese medical practitioners in the context of New York City’s Chinatown provide diverse methods of health care, many being familiar with the biomedical explanation for tuberculosis. All TCM informants in this study stated that biomedicine is more effective than Chinese medicine in treating tuberculosis. TCM in tuberculosis therapy is said to complement biomedicine and to restore bodily balance and the general health of patients. This study discusses the political–economic context shaping the explanation and treatment of tuberculosis among traditional Chinese medical practitioners and broadens our understanding of the various contexts in which TCM and biomedicine can be integrated. Furthermore, it is suggested that an opportunity exists for tuberculosis control programs to incorporate TCM practitioners in the effort to control the disease within New York City.

Medical Education, 2007

ability to recognise appropriate methods for action and risk assessment. Based on these findings,... more ability to recognise appropriate methods for action and risk assessment. Based on these findings, this course content was effective in significantly improving student awareness of patient safety culture and in developing skills necessary to break the cycle of medical error.

Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 2003

Medical Education, 2008

for narcotic analgesia -the usual effective treatment for this recurrent problem. The resident is... more for narcotic analgesia -the usual effective treatment for this recurrent problem. The resident is given the opportunity to respond. If the suggestion is made to contact her own doctor, the nurse replies that he is out of town and his coverage requires the patient to come into the office before prescribing. The nurse describes being extremely pressed for time. She presents herself as a sympathetic character with real pain, unable to obtain timely care.

Academic Medicine, 2010

Purpose-To determine whether the effects of a patient-centered cultural competence curriculum cou... more Purpose-To determine whether the effects of a patient-centered cultural competence curriculum could be sustained for one year.

Medical Education, 2008

viewing patients in the future I will be more aware of asking about their underlying concerns and... more viewing patients in the future I will be more aware of asking about their underlying concerns and also their beliefs ⁄ ideas about their own disease … I will try to be sensitive when wording certain questions, as many people in this DIPEx exercise expressed feelings of fear, confusion and embarrassment about their condition.'

Medical Education, 2008

resulting in a pass rate of 51%. Scores ranged from 34.8% to 70.5%. Overall, 80% of students cons... more resulting in a pass rate of 51%. Scores ranged from 34.8% to 70.5%. Overall, 80% of students considered the OSCE to be a more objective clinical assessment tool, most appreciated the time-efficiency of the process, and all respondents were in favour of adopting the OSCE as a permanent tool. Future plans in the Department of Internal Medicine include the adoption of the OSCE in Years 4 and 6. In addition, the Departments of Psychiatry and Preventive Dentistry are investigating possible uses of the OSCE model.

Chicago, Illinois, USA Excellent healthcare communication considers patient journeys -the experie... more Chicago, Illinois, USA Excellent healthcare communication considers patient journeys -the experience of the patient, the flow of information -along with the complementarity of medical considerations and interpersonal ones (e.g., empathy, engagement and rapport); the connection between multidisciplinary research and the education, training and practice of healthcare practitioners; and the insights that can be gained by comparing healthcare communication within healthcare systems around the world.

(Authors: Elizabeth A. Rider,Suzanne Kurtz, Diana Slade, Esterbrook Longmaid III, Ming-Jung Ho,Ja... more (Authors: Elizabeth A. Rider,Suzanne Kurtz, Diana Slade, Esterbrook Longmaid III, Ming-Jung Ho,Jack Kwok-hung Pun, Suzanne Eggins,William T. Branch Jr.)

Objectives: The human dimensions of healthcare—core values and skilled communication necessary for
every healthcare interaction—are fundamental to compassionate, ethical, and safe relationship-centered
care. The objectives of this paper are to: describe the development of the International Charter for Human
Values in Healthcare which delineates core values, articulate the role of skilled communication in
enacting these values, and provide examples showing translation of the Charter’s values into action.
Methods: We describe development of the Charter using combined qualitative research methods and the
international, interprofessional collaboration of institutions and individuals worldwide.
Results: We identified five fundamental categories of human values for every healthcare interaction—
Compassion, Respect for Persons, Commitment to Integrity and Ethical Practice, Commitment to
Excellence, and Justice in Healthcare—and delineated subvalues within each category. We have
disseminated the Charter internationally and incorporated it into education/training. Diverse healthcare
partners have joined in this work.
Conclusion: We chronicle the development and dissemination of the International Charter for Human
Values in Healthcare, the role of skilled communication in demonstrating values, and provide examples of
educational and clinical programs integrating these values.
Practice implications: The Charter identifies and promotes core values clinicians and educators can
demonstrate through skilled communication and use to advance humanistic educational programs and
practice.

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 2009

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 2011

Medical professionalism has gained global attention over the past decade, but there is a paucity ... more Medical professionalism has gained global attention over the past decade, but there is a paucity of literature on the universal applicability of the dominant professionalism framework developed in the West. This study proposes an institutional approach to build a framework for medical professionalism that incorporates historical and sociocultural contexts.

Medical teacher, 2012

Background: In the age of globalization, non-Western medical educators seem too eager to conform ... more Background: In the age of globalization, non-Western medical educators seem too eager to conform to Western educational approaches and may, thereby, undermine the pursuit of local curricular needs. Aims: To develop a medical professionalism curriculum that explicitly considered local cultural needs and social expectations. Method: We used a systematic six-step approach to develop the curriculum. Results: We engaged local stakeholders ( physicians, allied health professionals, and members of the public) in a nominal group process to identify professionalism competencies. Students and faculty participated in a survey and/or focus groups to determine learner/faculty needs. Teachers drafted goals and objectives related to locally valued competencies. We designed and implemented educational strategies to develop students' competencies that meet local societal expectations, such as involving family members in decision making. We plan to use multi-source feedback and a portfolio to assess students, which reinforces a definition of integrity that encompasses not only congruence between individual values and behaviors, but also achieving harmony among all stakeholders. We plan to reinforce the formal curriculum with faculty development and attention to the hidden curriculum.

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 2012

Medical education, 2012

Medical Education 2012:46: 245–256Context Medical educators internationally are faced with the c... more Medical Education 2012:46: 245–256Context Medical educators internationally are faced with the challenge of teaching and assessing professionalism in their students. Some studies have drawn attention to contextual factors that influence students’ responses to professional dilemmas. Although culture is a significant contextual factor, no research has examined student responses to professional dilemmas across different cultures.Methods Semi-structured interviews inquiring into reactions towards, and reasoning about, five video clips depicting students facing professional dilemmas were conducted with 24 final-year medical students in Taiwan. The interviews were transcribed and analysed according to the theoretical framework used in prior Canadian studies using the same videos and interview questions.Results The framework from previous Canadian research, including the components of principles, affect and implications, was generally applicable to the decision making of Taiwanese students, with some distinctions. Taiwanese students cited a few more avowed principles. Taiwanese students emphasised an additional unavowed principle that pertained to following the advice of more senior trainees. In addition to implications for patients, team members or themselves, Taiwanese students considered the impact of their responses on multiple relationships, including those with patients’ families and alumni residents. Cultural norms were also cited by Taiwanese students.Conclusions Medical educators must acknowledge students’ reasoning in professionally challenging situations and guide students to balance considerations of principles, implications, affects and cultural norms. The prominence of Confucian relationalism in this study, exhibited by students’ considerations of the rippling effects of their behaviours on all their social relationships, calls for further cross-cultural studies on medical professionalism to move the field beyond a Western individualist focus.

Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 2004

Social workers and foster mothers alike defined "bad" foster mothers as those who fostered for mo... more Social workers and foster mothers alike defined "bad" foster mothers as those who fostered for money and did not really care about children. Wozniak makes a strong case that this term represents not a reality, but a cultural archetype that perpetuates the emotional and economic exploitation of women. She claims to have searched in vain for "bad" foster mothers. Nevertheless, some of the stories on which the book is based belie the implied claim that no foster mothers place their own interests above those of a child. We hear, for instance, of a woman who, as a foster child herself, was treated as a maid and babysitter, and of a child sexually abused in a previous foster home. One wonders whether Wozniak might not have overstated her case and about what might account for the discrepancies between the foster parents interviewed in the study and those who find their way into such accounts.

Culture Medicine and Psychiatry, 2006

This article discusses the perspectives of Chinatown’s traditional Chinese medical practitioners ... more This article discusses the perspectives of Chinatown’s traditional Chinese medical practitioners on tuberculosis among New York City’s Chinese laborers. The practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the United States is neither regulated nor well understood. Some public health providers have expressed their concern that the use of TCM could prevent Chinese tuberculosis patients from receiving proper, biomedical treatment. Contrary to the suspicion of public health providers, the traditional Chinese medical practitioners in the context of New York City’s Chinatown provide diverse methods of health care, many being familiar with the biomedical explanation for tuberculosis. All TCM informants in this study stated that biomedicine is more effective than Chinese medicine in treating tuberculosis. TCM in tuberculosis therapy is said to complement biomedicine and to restore bodily balance and the general health of patients. This study discusses the political–economic context shaping the explanation and treatment of tuberculosis among traditional Chinese medical practitioners and broadens our understanding of the various contexts in which TCM and biomedicine can be integrated. Furthermore, it is suggested that an opportunity exists for tuberculosis control programs to incorporate TCM practitioners in the effort to control the disease within New York City.

Medical Education, 2007

ability to recognise appropriate methods for action and risk assessment. Based on these findings,... more ability to recognise appropriate methods for action and risk assessment. Based on these findings, this course content was effective in significantly improving student awareness of patient safety culture and in developing skills necessary to break the cycle of medical error.

Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 2003

Medical Education, 2008

for narcotic analgesia -the usual effective treatment for this recurrent problem. The resident is... more for narcotic analgesia -the usual effective treatment for this recurrent problem. The resident is given the opportunity to respond. If the suggestion is made to contact her own doctor, the nurse replies that he is out of town and his coverage requires the patient to come into the office before prescribing. The nurse describes being extremely pressed for time. She presents herself as a sympathetic character with real pain, unable to obtain timely care.

Academic Medicine, 2010

Purpose-To determine whether the effects of a patient-centered cultural competence curriculum cou... more Purpose-To determine whether the effects of a patient-centered cultural competence curriculum could be sustained for one year.

Medical Education, 2008

viewing patients in the future I will be more aware of asking about their underlying concerns and... more viewing patients in the future I will be more aware of asking about their underlying concerns and also their beliefs ⁄ ideas about their own disease … I will try to be sensitive when wording certain questions, as many people in this DIPEx exercise expressed feelings of fear, confusion and embarrassment about their condition.'

Medical Education, 2008

resulting in a pass rate of 51%. Scores ranged from 34.8% to 70.5%. Overall, 80% of students cons... more resulting in a pass rate of 51%. Scores ranged from 34.8% to 70.5%. Overall, 80% of students considered the OSCE to be a more objective clinical assessment tool, most appreciated the time-efficiency of the process, and all respondents were in favour of adopting the OSCE as a permanent tool. Future plans in the Department of Internal Medicine include the adoption of the OSCE in Years 4 and 6. In addition, the Departments of Psychiatry and Preventive Dentistry are investigating possible uses of the OSCE model.