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Papers by Industrial Management Journal

Industrial Management Journal (IMJ) , 2024

Objective The current research was conducted to design and model digital transformation based on ... more Objective The current research was conducted to design and model digital transformation based on the fourth-generation industrial revolution in Iran Khodro Company. In this regard, the main question focuses on identifying the factors that impact the design and modeling of digital transformation, rooted in the fourth-generation industrial revolution, and exploring the pattern of causal relationships among these factors in Iran Khodro.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ) , 2024

Objective This study focuses on designing a digital transformation model for the offshore oil and... more Objective This study focuses on designing a digital transformation model for the offshore oil and gas industry in Iran to be utilized in the strategic planning and policy-making process in the industry. While applying digital achievements and novelties in the oil and gas industry is not new, employing digital transformation in this sector is relatively new. Digital transformation, when implemented in the Iranian offshore oil and gas industry, helps the sector become a world leader, therefore benefiting from all the benefits that come along with digital achievements.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ) , 2024

Objective Due to the importance of innovation ecosystems in the global economic circle, the absor... more Objective Due to the importance of innovation ecosystems in the global economic circle, the absorptive capacity concept is important in Iran, too. Sharif University of Technology is important in establishing innovation clusters, because of its scientific status, access to knowledge resources, and being close to various industries and factories. It also provides a platform for the flow of knowledge between academic and business fields.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ) , 2024

Objective Given the escalating complexity of various scientific fields and the competitive nature... more Objective Given the escalating complexity of various scientific fields and the competitive nature of markets, the focus on innovation has become crucial for the survival of businesses in the industry. Industries characterized by rapid new product development often undergo shorter cycles of innovation. Mining and mineral enterprises, recognized as long-wave innovators, must not only assimilate new knowledge and technologies but also effectively incorporate them within their organizational processes. The primary aim of this research is to propose a framework aimed at enhancing the technological capabilities of enterprises with long-wave innovation through the integration of novel technological insights.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ) , 2024

In the innovation system, actors are involved in a complex situation of formal and informal netwo... more In the innovation system, actors are involved in a complex situation of formal and informal networks, both within and among subgroups. The unsteady interactions between the actors make the role of intermediaries important. Intermediary organizations in the innovation system try to assume functions based on the deficiencies in the interactions. The functions of intermediary institutions have been examined from various aspects in various articles and studies. The diversity stems from communication gaps and inherent shortcomings among the interacting parties within the innovation system. Although studies provide a list of these functions, how to guide these intermediate actors of the innovation system and determine their appropriate functions in a reflection of the characteristics of the industry is still questioned by innovation policymakers. Especially, the nature of innovation and the technological regime of the industries have substantial differences. The current research aimed to provide a comprehensive definition of the current knowledge and the classification of intermediary institutions in industries by Poit (1984) based on the definitional functions of Howells (2006) and also to create an interpretation of the existing research gaps.
Methods
In this study, using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, all related qualitative and quantitative studies, including articles published in journals and conferences until 2022, were examined, and finally 77 articles were found and analyzed in the field of innovative intermediary institutions. To determine the scope of the study, despite determining and identifying the search keywords and the appropriate database, the quality of the journals that include the articles was evaluated. Since the scope of this study includes the relationship between the functions of mediating institutions and innovation; the two concepts of "intermediary institutions" and "innovation" were defined as the main keywords, and a wide range of synonym keywords were used to collect studies and do a comprehensive search. In the subsequent phase, criteria were established to ensure the validity and quality of the articles and to mitigate the inclusion of irrelevant studies. These criteria included: (1) studies pertaining to mediating and innovative institutions (organizations), (2) articles published exclusively in English, (3) articles featuring at least one of the selected keywords in the title, abstract, or keywords, and (4) articles published in esteemed journals indexed as Q1 and Q2.
Results
The results of the analysis showed four main themes: (1) the functions of intermediary organizations in convergence with the macro trends of changes and new technological developments; (2) their functions at various levels of innovation systems, (3) mediating organizations as actors for managing knowledge-based industries, and (4) their functions in different industries are presented.
Conclusion
This study highlights the importance of understanding the nature of innovation and the technological regime of industries to define the appropriate functions of these organizations.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ) , 2024

Objective The success rate of a type of technology is manifested in its adoption and continued us... more Objective The success rate of a type of technology is manifested in its adoption and continued use. In this sense, the condition development, user behavior, and the factors affecting it should be identified. However, this issue has been almost neglected and most of the studies only examined the factors influencing the adoption and use of technology at a particular time. Over the last two decades, scientific research has notably focused on the adoption of theories of emerging technologies within information and industrial systems. Innovation intermediaries are organizations or bodies that act as representatives or agents in every aspect of the innovation process between two parties and are recognized as important actors that can facilitate the innovation process. The combination of these two with the embargoes governing Iran's industrial environment, imposed with different intentions, has led this research to investigate the effect of innovation Intermediaries on the adoption of emerging technologies in the automotive industry with the moderating role of embargo restrictions.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective Waste collection poses a significant challenge for contemporary societies. Given the in... more Objective Waste collection poses a significant challenge for contemporary societies. Given the inevitability of ongoing human waste production, the organization of municipal waste collection holds paramount importance. Against the backdrop of escalating environmental pollutants over recent decades and crises induced by global warming, governments have increasingly prioritized addressing sustainability issues. The objective of this study was to formulate an urban waste collection network with a municipal sustainability perspective. To achieve this goal, we proposed a multi-objective mathematical model that incorporates economic, social, and environmental considerations pertaining to the routing of urban waste collection vehicles. Methods This study introduces an integer multi-objective mathematical model centred on stability components to address the routing problem of urban waste collection vehicles, to design an optimal network for urban waste collection. The model was addressed using real data from waste collection in Iran's Saveh city. GAMS software was employed for solving the model in small dimensions, while MATLAB software was utilized for solving the model in larger dimensions. The proposed model incorporates a robust approach to handle

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective In the realm of green supply chain management, the pivotal responsibilities of companie... more Objective In the realm of green supply chain management, the pivotal responsibilities of companies involve supplier selection and order allocation. These tasks were treated as independent challenges in prior studies. This issue holds significant importance within the context of green supply chain management, demanding the simultaneous consideration of both quantitative and qualitative criteria. These criteria, at times conflicting, necessitate an indepth analysis of trade-offs. There is a pressing need for a comprehensive framework capable of concurrently addressing both aspects. In addition to accommodating green criteria, such a framework should enable the determination of order quantities allocated to suppliers.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective The demand-driven material requirements planning approach (DDMRP) considers inventory b... more Objective The demand-driven material requirements planning approach (DDMRP) considers inventory buffers at certain points in the bill of materials to respond more quickly to customer demands and demand fluctuations. In this approach, the presence of a buffer at each point of the bill of material does not necessarily improve the material flow and may lead to an increase in inventory costs. Moreover, this approach includes parameters that are experimentally set by the manager, and inappropriate values for these parameters can result in deficient performance. Therefore, this paper aims to simultaneously determine optimal values for the parameters of this approach at both the strategic level (strategic inventory positioning) and the operational level (planning phase) to minimize inventory cost and achieve a 100% service level within customer tolerance time.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective According to the studies conducted on New Technology-Based Firms (NTBFs), the biggest p... more Objective According to the studies conducted on New Technology-Based Firms (NTBFs), the biggest problem of these companies is their access to financial resources. Studies show that among the indirect intervention policies, credit guarantee schemes have been considered by governments for facilitating the financing of these enterprises due to the need for less budget and a higher leverage effect. The purpose of this article is to present the appropriate credit guarantee model for new technology-based Firms.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Implementing the "Vendor-Managed Inventory" strategy and sharing inventory information among reta... more Implementing the "Vendor-Managed Inventory" strategy and sharing inventory information among retailers and manufacturers play crucial roles in reducing holding costs, shortage costs, transportation costs, and excess inventory costs. This leads to enhanced coordination in the decision-making processes of supply chain members. Therefore, this research delves into the investigation of the supply chain coordination mechanism by combining the vendor-managed inventory strategy and revenue-sharing contracts. Additionally, in the developed model, the demand function incorporates a multiplicative factor of elements influencing the profit function, such as retail price, retailer, and manufacturer advertising investments.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective Designing a multi-level supply chain network with efficient product flow management is ... more Objective
Designing a multi-level supply chain network with efficient product flow management is an important issue in supply chain management. Determining the price of products, which can be affected by different factors such as environmental uncertainty, will have a significant impact on the strategic decision of designing the supply chain network. In recent research on dynamic pricing, the majority focused on two-level supply chains, exploring the impact of advertising on the supply chain. In this study, the levels of the supply chain are upgraded to three levels, and the advertising and inventory variables as well as the pricing issue in the supply chain are investigated. Hence, the overarching objective is to scrutinize the coordination of a supply chain involving three variables: advertising, warehouse inventory, and a comparison between static and dynamic pricing. Given the accelerated expansion of e-commerce, dynamic pricing emerges as a potent strategy for profit augmentation within the supply chain, an aspect that has received comparatively less attention. The supply chain in this research includes three levels: producer, supplier, and retailer. In addition, many sources, including Chen et al, 2018, have indicated that dynamic pricing is being used in many innovative businesses, that 60% of market development managers around the world are familiar with dynamic pricing methods, and that 35% of CEOs and business managers plan to base all their pricing models on dynamic pricing methods in the next three years. This research initially aims to provide a stable model for dynamic pricing and compare it with static pricing in multi-level supply chains using a game theory approach. Secondly, it examines the theoretical foundations, thirdly, the research methodology is presented, and fourthly, the discussion and conclusions are discussed.

Methods
The present research falls under the category of applied research. It considers discount-oriented models to examine the planning horizon, the use of dynamic pricing in some actors at one level of the chain from the concept of dynamic pricing, and the use of static pricing by others at the same level and considering the demand in a non-deterministic (stable) manner. Finally, the use of Stackelberg’s game is presented to examine the core of the game and the Nash equilibrium point. The robust optimization model is presented by Malloy et al. Initially, the model introduces symbols: x as the vector of design variables, and y as the vector of control variables. Parameters A, B, and C are coefficient parameters, while b and e are parameter vectors. Values for A and B are predetermined, and B, C, and e involve uncertainty. A particular understanding of the parameter is called scenario uncertainty, which is assigned the symbol s, and its probability is specified by ps. K retailers operate in the supply chain, and each retailer supplies the desired product from only one manufacturer. In general, the outcome for each retailer is the disparity between their income and expenses. In such a situation, the retailer faces ordering, holding, and marketing costs for each product. The profit margin of each retailer is the difference between the price paid to the manufacturer for the bulk purchase and the selling price to the customer. It is worth noting that considering that the final product of each manufacturer is sent to only one retailer, the number of manufacturers and retailers is equal. For data analysis, a genetic algorithm, particle accumulation optimization, and MATLAB software were employed. Initially, the model underwent analysis in static mode, followed by dynamic mode analysis using Games software. Ultimately, the outcomes of the two pricing methods were compared.

Results
This article introduces the development of a stochastic demand function utilizing genetic algorithms and particle optimization. It presents two distinct single-period models designed for a competitive environment. In the first model, retailers have only an intermediary role and do not decide on pricing or optimal order quantity. In the mentioned model, it is assumed that retailers transfer the demand exactly and to the same extent as it is from the customers to the suppliers. Based on the amount of their production, suppliers face shortages and excess supply. The purpose of this model is to determine the optimal and desirable amount of production as well as the price for each supplier. In addition, routing costs are approximated. The results indicate that the presented approximation is very accurate and evaluates the equilibrium point in much less time than the original model. In the second model, retailers are assumed to incur shortage or maintenance costs according to the number of orders they send. Here, the suppliers determine the final price, and the goal of the retailers is to determine the optimal amount of the order. In this model, it is assumed that suppliers’ production is customized, and inventory costs are considered only for retailers. A noteworthy aspect of this model is the emphasis on dynamic pricing—an inherently crucial and intricate element within the domain of supply chain dynamics theory

Conclusion
The results underscore the substantial efficacy of the proposed combination in addressing the multi-level supply chain network design model with both dynamic and static pricing. The sensitivity analysis of the manufacturer’s profit showed that the changes indicating an increase in the market base of a manufacturer will lead to an increase in profit for both manufacturers. The graph of the change in the producer’s profit compared to the change in the costs showed that a decrease in the production cost leads to an increase in the profit for the producer, while the profit of the next producer decreases in these conditions. Like the producer’s profit, the distributor’s profit also increases with the market base. Expanding the market base not only leads to an increase in the distributor's profit through collaboration with producers but also occurs through two distinct mechanisms. Firstly, there's a profit increase due to raising retailer prices. Although wholesale prices increase with the expanded market base and heightened demand, the distributor, to maintain balance, can elevate retail prices at a higher ratio. Consequently, the value of the pi-wi term increases. Secondly, there's a profit increase resulting from boosting sales volume. The distributor's profit is positively influenced by the increase in sales volume, thereby reinforcing the overall financial outcome.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective Short product life cycles, unpredictable demand patterns, and ever-decreasing time-toma... more Objective Short product life cycles, unpredictable demand patterns, and ever-decreasing time-tomarket have put manufacturing companies under pressure. To face all complex production scenarios, these companies tend to the implementation of Cellular Manufacturing Systems (CMS) to reduce production costs, increase flexibility, and respond quickly to market demands. The cellular manufacturing system facilitates the control and management of the production system by dividing a large system into several small subsystems. The design of a cellular manufacturing system includes cell formation, group layout, group scheduling, and resource allocation. The first issue in designing a cellular system is the grouping of machines to produce a family of parts in production cells referred to as cell formation. The creation of efficient cells aims to achieve maximum performance of intracellular machines (intra-cellular processes) and minimize the transfer of parts from one cell to another (inter-cellular processes). The second problem is the problem of group layout, which includes the placement of cells in the workshop relative to each other (intercellular layout) and the layout of machines within the cells (intracellular layout). The optimal grouping of machines in cells, the efficient placement of cells relative to each other, as well as the machines inside cells affect the cost of intracellular movements and intercellular movements of parts. Considering that in a static cellular manufacturing system, the demand is considered constant in all periods, however, due to the advancement of technology, the environment of an industry is faced with turbulence in the types of products and demand. To overcome these problems, a dynamic cellular manufacturing system was introduced, which forms optimal cells in each period according to the demand conditions and changes in product composition. This study addresses the simultaneous challenges of a dynamic cellular manufacturing system (DCMS) with unreliable machines and production planning and intercellular layout problems. The proposed model seeks to minimize the costs of Inter and intracellula movement, reconfiguration, machine breakdown, part production, keeping parts in the warehouse, and back-ordering parts in production cycles. Methods At first, a mixed integer nonlinear programming mathematical model for the considered problem was presented, Next, linearized and validated with a case study in GAMS software with a GUROBI solver. In the following, the impact of moving machines between periods and the sensitivity analysis of the MTBF parameter were discussed. Results Flexibility in routing, optimal location of cells, and optimal grouping of machines reduced production costs, and also by moving two machines m1 and m3, production costs improved by 353,870 Tomans. Conclusion The reconfiguration of machine cells in the new period improves the cost of production and also the model is flexible in routing part production. In this study, MTBF sensitivity analysis showed that the number of failures affects the system's performance.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective Supply chain management is a modern organizational management mode that organizes and p... more Objective Supply chain management is a modern organizational management mode that organizes and plans information, capital flow, and business partnerships in the supply chain and requires complete business and market information (Quinn et al., 2012). However, the cost of acquiring supply chain companies and product information by traditional methods is very high. Information technology provides the power for companies to implement supply chain management and share the supply chain easily, and all companies in the supply chain can create value through information management (Shawaki et al., 2023). The utilization of intelligent approaches to predict prices and demand quantities enhances supplier delivery performance. It also refines demand forecasting accuracy, improves factory planning precision, forecasts demand for new products, and minimizes supplier risks, transportation costs, inventory, operational expenses, and time (Tirklai et al., 2021). In supply chain management, accurate forecasting of demand reflects the price. It is a critical issue that can reduce inventory costs and achieve the desired service level (Zouqaq et al., 2020). Intelligent supply chain pricing approaches can help supply chain companies to adapt the quality of their product offerings in supply chain management according to the knowledge gained (Kotsiopoulos et al., 2021). Identifying and modeling steel market fluctuations is very important in the steel industry and supply chain management. Considering the vertical chain in this industry and the interaction between the players of this industry, game theory has been used to model the optimal price. Neural network models were employed to replicate the game, as interaction and repeated

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

In recent years, there has been a growing global concern regarding the escalating production of w... more In recent years, there has been a growing global concern regarding the escalating production of waste. As countries continue to industrialize, the challenge of managing and disposing of waste properly has become a daily issue. Consequently, the fate of industrial goods and products has become a topic of significant interest to consumers. Waste management operations and network design in the automotive industry differ in certain aspects from those in other industries. This difference basically comes from the complex structure of the supply chain in the automotive industry. A large number of sectors are involved in the supply chain, which makes it difficult to control and manage the reverse network. In addition, the high customization in cars means that the parts or components are not the same, and for this reason, it is difficult to predict the recycling of parts or materials. Also, the world is currently confronted not only with the challenges of environmental preservation and sustainability but also with rapid technological advancements in digitization and automation. This study aims to develop an industrial waste reverse supply chain network mathematical model (Iranian automotive industry) using the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET).

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective Food security holds such strategic significance that ensuring it plays a pivotal role i... more Objective Food security holds such strategic significance that ensuring it plays a pivotal role in a nation's economic and political self-reliance. The growing reliance on foreign governments for essential food supply considerably undermines a country's political and economic leverage on the global stage. Regrettably, Iran finds itself grappling with over 90 percent dependency on the oilseeds sector, consequently amplifying the nation's susceptibility. Thus, the current study addresses this critical concern, vital for a nation's sustenance. Accordingly, this study comprises the development and cultivation plan of oilseeds in the Islamic Republic of Iran intending to portray a deep-rooted power system that has been formed in the food security system that hinders the optimal implementation strategies. Consequently, the paper aims to provide a model of key stakeholders in the field of food security by employing the Problem Structuring Method (PSM), in search of better analysis of policies and supporting strategies.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective Railway cargo transportation has gained popularity as a preferred mode of conveyance, o... more Objective Railway cargo transportation has gained popularity as a preferred mode of conveyance, owing to its benefits over alternative methods. These advantages include reduced pollution in comparison to road transport, shorter transit times compared to maritime shipping, and cost-effectiveness in contrast to air transport. As a result, transport companies are more willing to use rail freight transport, especially for international transportation. One of the challenges facing the Islamic Republic of Iran Railways is to rank these companies, which are influential in various decisions such as granting discounts and facilities, handing over foreign wagons, prioritizing requests, and handling complaints. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a dynamic multi-criteria decisionmaking model to rank Iran's international rail transport companies.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective Organizational structures are purposefully crafted around the strategic objectives of c... more Objective Organizational structures are purposefully crafted around the strategic objectives of companies, incorporating well-defined processes that serve as the foundation for employee activities and communication. The processes and activities of organizations and companies are implemented through organizational roles and positions that are assigned to employees based on the structure and goals. However, the crucial question lies in how effectively official structures can address people's communication needs and facilitate the implementation of activities. Within numerous organizations, an informal structure emerges in parallel to the official hierarchy, leading to the execution of various activities based on the relationships established within this informal framework. Because of various reasons, employees in some organizations are forced to carry out organizational processes through informal communication and in temporary work teams. The presence of an informal structure in numerous organizations is an unavoidable phenomenon. However, the primary concern lies in effectively monitoring and appropriately managing this structure and the relationships that arise from it. This study mainly seeks to measure the degree of similarity and difference between the formal and informal structures of the organization. Methods In the present study, the official structures were extracted based on the organizational chart. The informal structures were based on data logs and information from different sources and bases. Reports of events taking place via the work interactions of people in the process of supplier selection in a project-oriented company were collected in one of the complex construction projects. The gathered data was used as an informal network using the social network analysis method. The degree of similarity and difference between the formal and informal structure of the company was measured through social network criteria and the Rand index. Results Based on the information obtained, the informal working groups or communities resulting from the real interactions of people were identified and analyzed. Also, these communities were compared with departments and formal units based on the hierarchical structure of the organization. In addition, by using the Rand index, the similarity of these two structures was estimated to stand at 0.76%. This method can be a basis for comparing the official structure and the real structure of companies. The ideal degree of similarity or difference between the two structures varies depending on the nature, culture, and mission of each company. Conclusion Using this method and identifying and analyzing the causes of the differences between these two groups of communication structures can help organizations improve their structures, make them more agile, and compensate for some structural deficiencies. By using this way of analyzing and comparing the results in these two groups, it is possible to examine the organizational structure, strengthen effective working groups and teams, support effective communication, and even prevent weak communication.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective: The swift expansion of intricate projects in the global construction industry has prom... more Objective: The swift expansion of intricate projects in the global construction industry has prompted numerous investigations in the last twenty years, highlighting the significance of comprehending project intricacy for the triumph of construction project management. Identifying, assessing, and ranking procedures in response to risk is a crucial yet currently difficult aspect of project management to handle intricate projects at every phase of their existence effectively. Project managers have consistently focused on complexity and its linked hazards since it is a significant factor in project cost and time delays. This study explores the correlation between project complexity and modeling its outcomes' risks. Methods: The study employed a deductive, positivistic methodology. The literature review examined the history and definition of complex projects. The risk factors were identified based on the underlying causes of the project's complexity. To achieve the best possible outcome in financial terms, a comprehensive model was proposed that considered the type of project contract with different risk response activities. The model was then tested by analyzing the risks associated with a sample project, and cost-response index graphs were generated for each risk individually and aggregated. Results: This research aimed to examine the current state and developments in project complexity research and to provide valuable insights for scholars and practitioners. The study's findings indicated that risks do not impact all projects equally. It was found that the actual effects of a risk event depend not only on the event itself but also on the management actions taken to address the contingency and their timing. These factors can influence the severity of the problems caused by the event and its ripple effects throughout the project organization. Conclusion: According to the results of this field study, risks do not uniformly affect all projects. The actual impact of a risk event is contingent not only on the nature of the event itself but also on the managerial response to the contingency and its timing. These factors can influence the severity of problems caused by the event and the cascading effects within the project organization. While no single set of guidelines can guarantee project success, it is essential to recognize that the process is not random. A better understanding of the organizational dynamics that affect project performance and the factors contributing to risks in complex projects is a crucial precondition for creating a cross-functional solid team capable of managing risks before they negatively impact project outcomes. Therefore, this study can represent the first attempt to investigate the relationship between project complexity, risk consequences, and financial goals in complex construction projects. Among the various criteria contributing to complexity, the project's content, organization, and external environment were identified as the most significant risk generators in complex construction projects.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective: Despite the presence of legislation aimed at promoting the development of oil-rich and... more Objective: Despite the presence of legislation aimed at promoting the development of oil-rich and less-developed regions in Iran, the Western Ilam province continues to face significant deprivation in various areas, despite its abundant oil and gas resources. The primary focus of this study revolves around the intricate management of poverty through the implementation of a comprehensive intervention plan. The objective of this study is to identify policies for reducing deprivation through sustainable development in the oil and gas regions of Ilam province.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ) , 2024

Objective The current research was conducted to design and model digital transformation based on ... more Objective The current research was conducted to design and model digital transformation based on the fourth-generation industrial revolution in Iran Khodro Company. In this regard, the main question focuses on identifying the factors that impact the design and modeling of digital transformation, rooted in the fourth-generation industrial revolution, and exploring the pattern of causal relationships among these factors in Iran Khodro.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ) , 2024

Objective This study focuses on designing a digital transformation model for the offshore oil and... more Objective This study focuses on designing a digital transformation model for the offshore oil and gas industry in Iran to be utilized in the strategic planning and policy-making process in the industry. While applying digital achievements and novelties in the oil and gas industry is not new, employing digital transformation in this sector is relatively new. Digital transformation, when implemented in the Iranian offshore oil and gas industry, helps the sector become a world leader, therefore benefiting from all the benefits that come along with digital achievements.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ) , 2024

Objective Due to the importance of innovation ecosystems in the global economic circle, the absor... more Objective Due to the importance of innovation ecosystems in the global economic circle, the absorptive capacity concept is important in Iran, too. Sharif University of Technology is important in establishing innovation clusters, because of its scientific status, access to knowledge resources, and being close to various industries and factories. It also provides a platform for the flow of knowledge between academic and business fields.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ) , 2024

Objective Given the escalating complexity of various scientific fields and the competitive nature... more Objective Given the escalating complexity of various scientific fields and the competitive nature of markets, the focus on innovation has become crucial for the survival of businesses in the industry. Industries characterized by rapid new product development often undergo shorter cycles of innovation. Mining and mineral enterprises, recognized as long-wave innovators, must not only assimilate new knowledge and technologies but also effectively incorporate them within their organizational processes. The primary aim of this research is to propose a framework aimed at enhancing the technological capabilities of enterprises with long-wave innovation through the integration of novel technological insights.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ) , 2024

In the innovation system, actors are involved in a complex situation of formal and informal netwo... more In the innovation system, actors are involved in a complex situation of formal and informal networks, both within and among subgroups. The unsteady interactions between the actors make the role of intermediaries important. Intermediary organizations in the innovation system try to assume functions based on the deficiencies in the interactions. The functions of intermediary institutions have been examined from various aspects in various articles and studies. The diversity stems from communication gaps and inherent shortcomings among the interacting parties within the innovation system. Although studies provide a list of these functions, how to guide these intermediate actors of the innovation system and determine their appropriate functions in a reflection of the characteristics of the industry is still questioned by innovation policymakers. Especially, the nature of innovation and the technological regime of the industries have substantial differences. The current research aimed to provide a comprehensive definition of the current knowledge and the classification of intermediary institutions in industries by Poit (1984) based on the definitional functions of Howells (2006) and also to create an interpretation of the existing research gaps.
Methods
In this study, using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, all related qualitative and quantitative studies, including articles published in journals and conferences until 2022, were examined, and finally 77 articles were found and analyzed in the field of innovative intermediary institutions. To determine the scope of the study, despite determining and identifying the search keywords and the appropriate database, the quality of the journals that include the articles was evaluated. Since the scope of this study includes the relationship between the functions of mediating institutions and innovation; the two concepts of "intermediary institutions" and "innovation" were defined as the main keywords, and a wide range of synonym keywords were used to collect studies and do a comprehensive search. In the subsequent phase, criteria were established to ensure the validity and quality of the articles and to mitigate the inclusion of irrelevant studies. These criteria included: (1) studies pertaining to mediating and innovative institutions (organizations), (2) articles published exclusively in English, (3) articles featuring at least one of the selected keywords in the title, abstract, or keywords, and (4) articles published in esteemed journals indexed as Q1 and Q2.
Results
The results of the analysis showed four main themes: (1) the functions of intermediary organizations in convergence with the macro trends of changes and new technological developments; (2) their functions at various levels of innovation systems, (3) mediating organizations as actors for managing knowledge-based industries, and (4) their functions in different industries are presented.
Conclusion
This study highlights the importance of understanding the nature of innovation and the technological regime of industries to define the appropriate functions of these organizations.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ) , 2024

Objective The success rate of a type of technology is manifested in its adoption and continued us... more Objective The success rate of a type of technology is manifested in its adoption and continued use. In this sense, the condition development, user behavior, and the factors affecting it should be identified. However, this issue has been almost neglected and most of the studies only examined the factors influencing the adoption and use of technology at a particular time. Over the last two decades, scientific research has notably focused on the adoption of theories of emerging technologies within information and industrial systems. Innovation intermediaries are organizations or bodies that act as representatives or agents in every aspect of the innovation process between two parties and are recognized as important actors that can facilitate the innovation process. The combination of these two with the embargoes governing Iran's industrial environment, imposed with different intentions, has led this research to investigate the effect of innovation Intermediaries on the adoption of emerging technologies in the automotive industry with the moderating role of embargo restrictions.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective Waste collection poses a significant challenge for contemporary societies. Given the in... more Objective Waste collection poses a significant challenge for contemporary societies. Given the inevitability of ongoing human waste production, the organization of municipal waste collection holds paramount importance. Against the backdrop of escalating environmental pollutants over recent decades and crises induced by global warming, governments have increasingly prioritized addressing sustainability issues. The objective of this study was to formulate an urban waste collection network with a municipal sustainability perspective. To achieve this goal, we proposed a multi-objective mathematical model that incorporates economic, social, and environmental considerations pertaining to the routing of urban waste collection vehicles. Methods This study introduces an integer multi-objective mathematical model centred on stability components to address the routing problem of urban waste collection vehicles, to design an optimal network for urban waste collection. The model was addressed using real data from waste collection in Iran's Saveh city. GAMS software was employed for solving the model in small dimensions, while MATLAB software was utilized for solving the model in larger dimensions. The proposed model incorporates a robust approach to handle

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective In the realm of green supply chain management, the pivotal responsibilities of companie... more Objective In the realm of green supply chain management, the pivotal responsibilities of companies involve supplier selection and order allocation. These tasks were treated as independent challenges in prior studies. This issue holds significant importance within the context of green supply chain management, demanding the simultaneous consideration of both quantitative and qualitative criteria. These criteria, at times conflicting, necessitate an indepth analysis of trade-offs. There is a pressing need for a comprehensive framework capable of concurrently addressing both aspects. In addition to accommodating green criteria, such a framework should enable the determination of order quantities allocated to suppliers.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective The demand-driven material requirements planning approach (DDMRP) considers inventory b... more Objective The demand-driven material requirements planning approach (DDMRP) considers inventory buffers at certain points in the bill of materials to respond more quickly to customer demands and demand fluctuations. In this approach, the presence of a buffer at each point of the bill of material does not necessarily improve the material flow and may lead to an increase in inventory costs. Moreover, this approach includes parameters that are experimentally set by the manager, and inappropriate values for these parameters can result in deficient performance. Therefore, this paper aims to simultaneously determine optimal values for the parameters of this approach at both the strategic level (strategic inventory positioning) and the operational level (planning phase) to minimize inventory cost and achieve a 100% service level within customer tolerance time.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective According to the studies conducted on New Technology-Based Firms (NTBFs), the biggest p... more Objective According to the studies conducted on New Technology-Based Firms (NTBFs), the biggest problem of these companies is their access to financial resources. Studies show that among the indirect intervention policies, credit guarantee schemes have been considered by governments for facilitating the financing of these enterprises due to the need for less budget and a higher leverage effect. The purpose of this article is to present the appropriate credit guarantee model for new technology-based Firms.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Implementing the "Vendor-Managed Inventory" strategy and sharing inventory information among reta... more Implementing the "Vendor-Managed Inventory" strategy and sharing inventory information among retailers and manufacturers play crucial roles in reducing holding costs, shortage costs, transportation costs, and excess inventory costs. This leads to enhanced coordination in the decision-making processes of supply chain members. Therefore, this research delves into the investigation of the supply chain coordination mechanism by combining the vendor-managed inventory strategy and revenue-sharing contracts. Additionally, in the developed model, the demand function incorporates a multiplicative factor of elements influencing the profit function, such as retail price, retailer, and manufacturer advertising investments.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective Designing a multi-level supply chain network with efficient product flow management is ... more Objective
Designing a multi-level supply chain network with efficient product flow management is an important issue in supply chain management. Determining the price of products, which can be affected by different factors such as environmental uncertainty, will have a significant impact on the strategic decision of designing the supply chain network. In recent research on dynamic pricing, the majority focused on two-level supply chains, exploring the impact of advertising on the supply chain. In this study, the levels of the supply chain are upgraded to three levels, and the advertising and inventory variables as well as the pricing issue in the supply chain are investigated. Hence, the overarching objective is to scrutinize the coordination of a supply chain involving three variables: advertising, warehouse inventory, and a comparison between static and dynamic pricing. Given the accelerated expansion of e-commerce, dynamic pricing emerges as a potent strategy for profit augmentation within the supply chain, an aspect that has received comparatively less attention. The supply chain in this research includes three levels: producer, supplier, and retailer. In addition, many sources, including Chen et al, 2018, have indicated that dynamic pricing is being used in many innovative businesses, that 60% of market development managers around the world are familiar with dynamic pricing methods, and that 35% of CEOs and business managers plan to base all their pricing models on dynamic pricing methods in the next three years. This research initially aims to provide a stable model for dynamic pricing and compare it with static pricing in multi-level supply chains using a game theory approach. Secondly, it examines the theoretical foundations, thirdly, the research methodology is presented, and fourthly, the discussion and conclusions are discussed.

Methods
The present research falls under the category of applied research. It considers discount-oriented models to examine the planning horizon, the use of dynamic pricing in some actors at one level of the chain from the concept of dynamic pricing, and the use of static pricing by others at the same level and considering the demand in a non-deterministic (stable) manner. Finally, the use of Stackelberg’s game is presented to examine the core of the game and the Nash equilibrium point. The robust optimization model is presented by Malloy et al. Initially, the model introduces symbols: x as the vector of design variables, and y as the vector of control variables. Parameters A, B, and C are coefficient parameters, while b and e are parameter vectors. Values for A and B are predetermined, and B, C, and e involve uncertainty. A particular understanding of the parameter is called scenario uncertainty, which is assigned the symbol s, and its probability is specified by ps. K retailers operate in the supply chain, and each retailer supplies the desired product from only one manufacturer. In general, the outcome for each retailer is the disparity between their income and expenses. In such a situation, the retailer faces ordering, holding, and marketing costs for each product. The profit margin of each retailer is the difference between the price paid to the manufacturer for the bulk purchase and the selling price to the customer. It is worth noting that considering that the final product of each manufacturer is sent to only one retailer, the number of manufacturers and retailers is equal. For data analysis, a genetic algorithm, particle accumulation optimization, and MATLAB software were employed. Initially, the model underwent analysis in static mode, followed by dynamic mode analysis using Games software. Ultimately, the outcomes of the two pricing methods were compared.

Results
This article introduces the development of a stochastic demand function utilizing genetic algorithms and particle optimization. It presents two distinct single-period models designed for a competitive environment. In the first model, retailers have only an intermediary role and do not decide on pricing or optimal order quantity. In the mentioned model, it is assumed that retailers transfer the demand exactly and to the same extent as it is from the customers to the suppliers. Based on the amount of their production, suppliers face shortages and excess supply. The purpose of this model is to determine the optimal and desirable amount of production as well as the price for each supplier. In addition, routing costs are approximated. The results indicate that the presented approximation is very accurate and evaluates the equilibrium point in much less time than the original model. In the second model, retailers are assumed to incur shortage or maintenance costs according to the number of orders they send. Here, the suppliers determine the final price, and the goal of the retailers is to determine the optimal amount of the order. In this model, it is assumed that suppliers’ production is customized, and inventory costs are considered only for retailers. A noteworthy aspect of this model is the emphasis on dynamic pricing—an inherently crucial and intricate element within the domain of supply chain dynamics theory

Conclusion
The results underscore the substantial efficacy of the proposed combination in addressing the multi-level supply chain network design model with both dynamic and static pricing. The sensitivity analysis of the manufacturer’s profit showed that the changes indicating an increase in the market base of a manufacturer will lead to an increase in profit for both manufacturers. The graph of the change in the producer’s profit compared to the change in the costs showed that a decrease in the production cost leads to an increase in the profit for the producer, while the profit of the next producer decreases in these conditions. Like the producer’s profit, the distributor’s profit also increases with the market base. Expanding the market base not only leads to an increase in the distributor's profit through collaboration with producers but also occurs through two distinct mechanisms. Firstly, there's a profit increase due to raising retailer prices. Although wholesale prices increase with the expanded market base and heightened demand, the distributor, to maintain balance, can elevate retail prices at a higher ratio. Consequently, the value of the pi-wi term increases. Secondly, there's a profit increase resulting from boosting sales volume. The distributor's profit is positively influenced by the increase in sales volume, thereby reinforcing the overall financial outcome.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective Short product life cycles, unpredictable demand patterns, and ever-decreasing time-toma... more Objective Short product life cycles, unpredictable demand patterns, and ever-decreasing time-tomarket have put manufacturing companies under pressure. To face all complex production scenarios, these companies tend to the implementation of Cellular Manufacturing Systems (CMS) to reduce production costs, increase flexibility, and respond quickly to market demands. The cellular manufacturing system facilitates the control and management of the production system by dividing a large system into several small subsystems. The design of a cellular manufacturing system includes cell formation, group layout, group scheduling, and resource allocation. The first issue in designing a cellular system is the grouping of machines to produce a family of parts in production cells referred to as cell formation. The creation of efficient cells aims to achieve maximum performance of intracellular machines (intra-cellular processes) and minimize the transfer of parts from one cell to another (inter-cellular processes). The second problem is the problem of group layout, which includes the placement of cells in the workshop relative to each other (intercellular layout) and the layout of machines within the cells (intracellular layout). The optimal grouping of machines in cells, the efficient placement of cells relative to each other, as well as the machines inside cells affect the cost of intracellular movements and intercellular movements of parts. Considering that in a static cellular manufacturing system, the demand is considered constant in all periods, however, due to the advancement of technology, the environment of an industry is faced with turbulence in the types of products and demand. To overcome these problems, a dynamic cellular manufacturing system was introduced, which forms optimal cells in each period according to the demand conditions and changes in product composition. This study addresses the simultaneous challenges of a dynamic cellular manufacturing system (DCMS) with unreliable machines and production planning and intercellular layout problems. The proposed model seeks to minimize the costs of Inter and intracellula movement, reconfiguration, machine breakdown, part production, keeping parts in the warehouse, and back-ordering parts in production cycles. Methods At first, a mixed integer nonlinear programming mathematical model for the considered problem was presented, Next, linearized and validated with a case study in GAMS software with a GUROBI solver. In the following, the impact of moving machines between periods and the sensitivity analysis of the MTBF parameter were discussed. Results Flexibility in routing, optimal location of cells, and optimal grouping of machines reduced production costs, and also by moving two machines m1 and m3, production costs improved by 353,870 Tomans. Conclusion The reconfiguration of machine cells in the new period improves the cost of production and also the model is flexible in routing part production. In this study, MTBF sensitivity analysis showed that the number of failures affects the system's performance.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective Supply chain management is a modern organizational management mode that organizes and p... more Objective Supply chain management is a modern organizational management mode that organizes and plans information, capital flow, and business partnerships in the supply chain and requires complete business and market information (Quinn et al., 2012). However, the cost of acquiring supply chain companies and product information by traditional methods is very high. Information technology provides the power for companies to implement supply chain management and share the supply chain easily, and all companies in the supply chain can create value through information management (Shawaki et al., 2023). The utilization of intelligent approaches to predict prices and demand quantities enhances supplier delivery performance. It also refines demand forecasting accuracy, improves factory planning precision, forecasts demand for new products, and minimizes supplier risks, transportation costs, inventory, operational expenses, and time (Tirklai et al., 2021). In supply chain management, accurate forecasting of demand reflects the price. It is a critical issue that can reduce inventory costs and achieve the desired service level (Zouqaq et al., 2020). Intelligent supply chain pricing approaches can help supply chain companies to adapt the quality of their product offerings in supply chain management according to the knowledge gained (Kotsiopoulos et al., 2021). Identifying and modeling steel market fluctuations is very important in the steel industry and supply chain management. Considering the vertical chain in this industry and the interaction between the players of this industry, game theory has been used to model the optimal price. Neural network models were employed to replicate the game, as interaction and repeated

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

In recent years, there has been a growing global concern regarding the escalating production of w... more In recent years, there has been a growing global concern regarding the escalating production of waste. As countries continue to industrialize, the challenge of managing and disposing of waste properly has become a daily issue. Consequently, the fate of industrial goods and products has become a topic of significant interest to consumers. Waste management operations and network design in the automotive industry differ in certain aspects from those in other industries. This difference basically comes from the complex structure of the supply chain in the automotive industry. A large number of sectors are involved in the supply chain, which makes it difficult to control and manage the reverse network. In addition, the high customization in cars means that the parts or components are not the same, and for this reason, it is difficult to predict the recycling of parts or materials. Also, the world is currently confronted not only with the challenges of environmental preservation and sustainability but also with rapid technological advancements in digitization and automation. This study aims to develop an industrial waste reverse supply chain network mathematical model (Iranian automotive industry) using the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET).

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective Food security holds such strategic significance that ensuring it plays a pivotal role i... more Objective Food security holds such strategic significance that ensuring it plays a pivotal role in a nation's economic and political self-reliance. The growing reliance on foreign governments for essential food supply considerably undermines a country's political and economic leverage on the global stage. Regrettably, Iran finds itself grappling with over 90 percent dependency on the oilseeds sector, consequently amplifying the nation's susceptibility. Thus, the current study addresses this critical concern, vital for a nation's sustenance. Accordingly, this study comprises the development and cultivation plan of oilseeds in the Islamic Republic of Iran intending to portray a deep-rooted power system that has been formed in the food security system that hinders the optimal implementation strategies. Consequently, the paper aims to provide a model of key stakeholders in the field of food security by employing the Problem Structuring Method (PSM), in search of better analysis of policies and supporting strategies.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective Railway cargo transportation has gained popularity as a preferred mode of conveyance, o... more Objective Railway cargo transportation has gained popularity as a preferred mode of conveyance, owing to its benefits over alternative methods. These advantages include reduced pollution in comparison to road transport, shorter transit times compared to maritime shipping, and cost-effectiveness in contrast to air transport. As a result, transport companies are more willing to use rail freight transport, especially for international transportation. One of the challenges facing the Islamic Republic of Iran Railways is to rank these companies, which are influential in various decisions such as granting discounts and facilities, handing over foreign wagons, prioritizing requests, and handling complaints. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a dynamic multi-criteria decisionmaking model to rank Iran's international rail transport companies.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective Organizational structures are purposefully crafted around the strategic objectives of c... more Objective Organizational structures are purposefully crafted around the strategic objectives of companies, incorporating well-defined processes that serve as the foundation for employee activities and communication. The processes and activities of organizations and companies are implemented through organizational roles and positions that are assigned to employees based on the structure and goals. However, the crucial question lies in how effectively official structures can address people's communication needs and facilitate the implementation of activities. Within numerous organizations, an informal structure emerges in parallel to the official hierarchy, leading to the execution of various activities based on the relationships established within this informal framework. Because of various reasons, employees in some organizations are forced to carry out organizational processes through informal communication and in temporary work teams. The presence of an informal structure in numerous organizations is an unavoidable phenomenon. However, the primary concern lies in effectively monitoring and appropriately managing this structure and the relationships that arise from it. This study mainly seeks to measure the degree of similarity and difference between the formal and informal structures of the organization. Methods In the present study, the official structures were extracted based on the organizational chart. The informal structures were based on data logs and information from different sources and bases. Reports of events taking place via the work interactions of people in the process of supplier selection in a project-oriented company were collected in one of the complex construction projects. The gathered data was used as an informal network using the social network analysis method. The degree of similarity and difference between the formal and informal structure of the company was measured through social network criteria and the Rand index. Results Based on the information obtained, the informal working groups or communities resulting from the real interactions of people were identified and analyzed. Also, these communities were compared with departments and formal units based on the hierarchical structure of the organization. In addition, by using the Rand index, the similarity of these two structures was estimated to stand at 0.76%. This method can be a basis for comparing the official structure and the real structure of companies. The ideal degree of similarity or difference between the two structures varies depending on the nature, culture, and mission of each company. Conclusion Using this method and identifying and analyzing the causes of the differences between these two groups of communication structures can help organizations improve their structures, make them more agile, and compensate for some structural deficiencies. By using this way of analyzing and comparing the results in these two groups, it is possible to examine the organizational structure, strengthen effective working groups and teams, support effective communication, and even prevent weak communication.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective: The swift expansion of intricate projects in the global construction industry has prom... more Objective: The swift expansion of intricate projects in the global construction industry has prompted numerous investigations in the last twenty years, highlighting the significance of comprehending project intricacy for the triumph of construction project management. Identifying, assessing, and ranking procedures in response to risk is a crucial yet currently difficult aspect of project management to handle intricate projects at every phase of their existence effectively. Project managers have consistently focused on complexity and its linked hazards since it is a significant factor in project cost and time delays. This study explores the correlation between project complexity and modeling its outcomes' risks. Methods: The study employed a deductive, positivistic methodology. The literature review examined the history and definition of complex projects. The risk factors were identified based on the underlying causes of the project's complexity. To achieve the best possible outcome in financial terms, a comprehensive model was proposed that considered the type of project contract with different risk response activities. The model was then tested by analyzing the risks associated with a sample project, and cost-response index graphs were generated for each risk individually and aggregated. Results: This research aimed to examine the current state and developments in project complexity research and to provide valuable insights for scholars and practitioners. The study's findings indicated that risks do not impact all projects equally. It was found that the actual effects of a risk event depend not only on the event itself but also on the management actions taken to address the contingency and their timing. These factors can influence the severity of the problems caused by the event and its ripple effects throughout the project organization. Conclusion: According to the results of this field study, risks do not uniformly affect all projects. The actual impact of a risk event is contingent not only on the nature of the event itself but also on the managerial response to the contingency and its timing. These factors can influence the severity of problems caused by the event and the cascading effects within the project organization. While no single set of guidelines can guarantee project success, it is essential to recognize that the process is not random. A better understanding of the organizational dynamics that affect project performance and the factors contributing to risks in complex projects is a crucial precondition for creating a cross-functional solid team capable of managing risks before they negatively impact project outcomes. Therefore, this study can represent the first attempt to investigate the relationship between project complexity, risk consequences, and financial goals in complex construction projects. Among the various criteria contributing to complexity, the project's content, organization, and external environment were identified as the most significant risk generators in complex construction projects.

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Industrial Management Journal (IMJ), 2023

Objective: Despite the presence of legislation aimed at promoting the development of oil-rich and... more Objective: Despite the presence of legislation aimed at promoting the development of oil-rich and less-developed regions in Iran, the Western Ilam province continues to face significant deprivation in various areas, despite its abundant oil and gas resources. The primary focus of this study revolves around the intricate management of poverty through the implementation of a comprehensive intervention plan. The objective of this study is to identify policies for reducing deprivation through sustainable development in the oil and gas regions of Ilam province.

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