Mohsen Sadeghi-Yarandi | Tehran University of Medical Sciences (original) (raw)

Papers by Mohsen Sadeghi-Yarandi

Work

BACKGROUND: Workplace violence is an important event that affects the safety of healthcare employ... more BACKGROUND: Workplace violence is an important event that affects the safety of healthcare employees, and diagnosing it in hospitals is an immediate occupational concern. OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to investigate general health and the prevalence of occupational violence and to predict its consequences among nurses and paramedics as the main body in medical settings. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2020 in a selected hospital in Tehran, Iran. A total of 208 healthcare workers participated in the study. To study general health, exposure to workplace violence, job burnout, and productivity, the general health questionnaire (GHQ), the workplace violence questionnaire, the Maslach burnout questionnaire, and the workforce productivity questionnaire were provided to healthcare workers, respectively. Then, a multiple linear regression model was used to predict violence and its consequences. RESULTS: The results revealed that 34.1% of the participants ha...

Work

BACKGROUND: Given the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) risk, it is essential to develop a comprehensiv... more BACKGROUND: Given the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) risk, it is essential to develop a comprehensive risk assessment method to manage the risk of the infectious diseases. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a risk assessment method for infectious diseases focusing on COVID-19. METHOD: This study was based on the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) and fuzzy analytical hierarchical process (FAHP) in three steps: (a) designing the preliminary risk assessment algorithm by reviewing the literature, (b) corroborating the designed structure based on the majority opinions of the expert panel and assigning scores to different factors according to the Delphi method, and (c) determining the weight of components and their factors based on the FAHP. RESULTS: The COVID-19 risk index (CVRI) was found to be affected by four components and 19 factors. The four components consisted of the probability of getting sick (5 factors), disease severity (4 factors), health beliefs level (3 factors), and exposure rat...

Work-a Journal of Prevention Assessment & Rehabilitation, Jan 21, 2023

Sustainability

Due to their unique nature, construction projects are considered one of the world’s most hazardou... more Due to their unique nature, construction projects are considered one of the world’s most hazardous and incident-prone industrial sectors. The present study aimed to analyze health, safety and environmental (HSE) risks relating to construction projects based on the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK) and sustainability approach. This study was conducted with the participation of 30 experts, using the semi-quantitative risk assessment technique, in nine areas of the project management’s body of knowledge, based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Risk, in this study, was estimated using a two-dimensional matrix of incident probability and severity, each of which has four sub-parameters. The HSE risks pertaining to each of the nine areas of PMBOK were identified. After that, the two dimensions of risk, including incident probability and severity, were measured. Thirty-seven risk sources associated with nine areas of the PMBOK were identified. Risk analysis revealed that 2...

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

PURPOSE This study aimed to carcinogenic and health risk assessment of respiratory exposure to ac... more PURPOSE This study aimed to carcinogenic and health risk assessment of respiratory exposure to acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene, and styrene in the petrochemical industry. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in a petrochemical plant producing acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene (ABS) copolymers. Respiratory exposure with acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene was measured using methods No. 1604, 1024, and 1501 of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, respectively. The US Environmental Protection Agency method was used to assess carcinogenic and health risks. RESULTS The average occupational exposure to acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene, and styrene was 560.82 μg. m-3 for 1,3-butadiene, 122.8 μg. m-3 for acrylonitrile and 1.92 μg. m-3 for styrene. The average lifetime cancer risk (LCR) in the present study was 2.71 ×10-3 for 1,3-butadiene, 2.1 ×10-3 for acrylonitrile, and 6.6 for styrene. Also, the mean non-cancer risk (HQ) among all participants for 1,3-butadiene, acrylonitrile, and styrene was 4.04 ± 6.93, 10.82 ± 14.76, and 0.19 ± 0.11, respectively. CONCLUSION The values of carcinogenic and health risks in the majority of the subjects were within the unacceptable risk levels due to exposure to 1,3-butadiene, acrylonitrile, and styrene vapors. Hence, corrective actions are required to protect the workers from non-cancer and cancer risks.

Work

BACKGROUND: Conducting practical studies in ergonomics requires attention to all aspects of ergon... more BACKGROUND: Conducting practical studies in ergonomics requires attention to all aspects of ergonomics with a comprehensive approach and focus on continuous improvement cycles. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop and present an ergonomics management model in the workplace. METHODS: This study was performed using a three-stage Delphi study with 30 experts and a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process. According to the literature review and experts’ opinions, the general cycle of the ergonomics management system with eight steps was developed. New methods were formed in two of these eight steps: the 3rd step (developing an ergonomic evaluation method) and the 5th step (creating a cost-benefit evaluation method). RESULTS: The eight implementation steps of the TEMA were determined as follows: 1) Performing task analysis (TTA), 2) Ergonomic hazard identification, 3) Estimating the ergonomic index, 4) Determining control measures, 5) Evaluating cost-benefit parameter, 6) Implementing contro...

Journal of Public Mental Health

Purpose Several variables can affect work stress. This study aims to model the cause-and-effect r... more Purpose Several variables can affect work stress. This study aims to model the cause-and-effect relationships among different variables that can predict work stress based on one of the most important fuzzy multicriteria decision-making methods used to investigate the cause-and-effect relationships among variables. Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted in 2020, including 17 experts in safety management, occupational health and work psychology, based on the fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method as a robust approach to identify the cause-and-effect relationships among different variables. Findings Shift work, lack of job satisfaction, mental health, mental overload, fatigue, job security, sleep disorders, environmental discomfort, work pressure, job knowledge (this could mean expertise/level of qualifications/familiarity with the job), work complexity and role conflict were found to be the most significant variables affecting work stress. Moreover,...

Journal of Health and Safety at Work, Nov 10, 2020

International journal of occupational hygiene, Sep 3, 2020

Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 2021

The spirometry is considered a preclinical tool for the evaluation of the respiratory system. The... more The spirometry is considered a preclinical tool for the evaluation of the respiratory system. The formal lung volumes measurement and health status lung system are made using spirometry. Artificial neural network (ANN) has been introduced in solving complex problems in a large number of different settings, including medical diagnosis support system as predictive power. An objective of this research was intended to investigate the development of a new decision support system (DSS) using ANN modeling approaches and algorithms to predict pulmonary function in people. The spirometry data and general characteristics, anthropometric data, and body composition parameters (N = 130) were obtained from subjects. The classification of pulmonary function was performed by the multi‐layer perceptron (MLP) model. Findings show that the MLP model is capable of classifying respiratory abnormalities in different people. The ANN model was totally 93.6%, 92.3%, 84.6%, and 91.5% successful in correctly classified in training, validation, test, and all data, respectively. Also, a DSS tool was created that allows the evaluation and classification of the results of spirometry data. It appears that ANNs are useful in classification pulmonary function.

Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering, 2020

Background and Objective: Offshore oil and gas platforms have a high potential for major and crit... more Background and Objective: Offshore oil and gas platforms have a high potential for major and critical events due to sensitive operating conditions, the existence of critical equipment, and significant volumes of hydrocarbon materials. This study aimed to investigate the effect of organizational leadership and safety climate on the occurrence of unsafe behaviors among employees of oil platforms. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 on five oil platform located in the Persian Gulf, Iran. The sample size was obtained at 291 employees. Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and standard occupational safety climate questionnaire were used to assess the organizational leadership and safety climate, respectively. Furthermore, the unsafe behaviors checklist was utilized to determine the occurrence of unsafe behaviors based on the risk factors of accidents that have occurred at the oil platforms during the past 10 years. Results: According to the results, the...

Journal of Injury and Violence Research, 2019

Background: Play is an important part of each child s life and is classified among the first chil... more Background: Play is an important part of each child s life and is classified among the first children activities. One of the important issues that have been little attention to it, is a safety of playgrounds. Without any doubt the safety of children requires a safe environment and safe equipment that will use in playgrounds. This study aiming at playground safety assessment in Qom city by Safety Report Card (SRC) method in 2017-2018 was conducted. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 98 park has been evaluated in Qom city. In order to evaluation the safety of playground, after assessing the validity and reliability of Safety Report Card method, mentioned method was used. Data were analyzed by using Independent sample t-test, correlation coefficient, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-Square statistical tests with SPSS software version 20. Finally, with regard to safety levels of playgrounds, GIS maps for the playgrounds safety in the Qom City were drawn. Results: The results of this study showed that the mean scores of the parks studied in SRC method is a low and equal to 12.18. The highest average scores were related to repair and maintenance of play equipment and the lowest mean scores were also related to the fall in danger. Results related to the frequency of each of the safety levels of SRC method indicated that 3.1% of the playgrounds were at the "F" safety level, 52% of the playgrounds were at the "D" safety level, 43.9% of the playgrounds were at the "C" safety level and 1% of the playgrounds were at the "B" safety level. Also there was a meaningful relationship between the parts of the fall in danger in the SRC method with the level of incomes in various urban areas. Conclusion: The result has shown that the majority of playgrounds in Qom city has a low safety level. Considering that playgrounds play an important role in the growth and development of children s personality and also the vitality and dynamics of their cities, corrective actions in order to making safe playgrounds and sustainable development of the city, is recommended.

Journal of Injury and Violence Research, 2019

Background: Playing is one of the first children s activities and one of the factors affecting th... more Background: Playing is one of the first children s activities and one of the factors affecting the health and physical and mental development of children. So have a safe park is one of the most basic rights of children. Without any doubt playgrounds should be healthy and safe environment for the children, that children can play freely and enjoy the game and to gain new experiences were. This study aiming at Playground Safety Assessment in Qom City by Playground Rating System (PRS) Method in 2017-2018 was conducted. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 98 Park has been evaluated in Qom city. In order to evaluation the safety of playground, after assessing the validity and reliability of Playground Rating System method, mentioned method was used. Data were analyzed by using Independent sample t-test, correlation coefficient, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-Square statistical tests with SPSS software version 20. Finally, with regard to safety levels of playground, GIS maps for the playgrounds safety in the Qom City were drawn. Results: The results of this study showed that the mean and standard deviation scores of the parks studied in PRS method is a low and equal to 39.17 and 6.13 respectively. Results related to the frequency of each of the safety levels of PRS method indicated that all playground examined in this study had a total score of less than 59 and stay on "F" risk level or unsafe. The Important factor in lowering the level of safety in the playground of Qom city is how to play the game / social ergonomics. Also there was a meaningful relationship between the part of the Maintenance and safety in the PRS method with the level of incomes in various urban areas. Conclusion: The result has shown that all of playgrounds in Qom city are unsafe or has a low safety level and the level of incomes is an important factor in the safety of playground. So considering that playgrounds play an important role in the growth and development of children s physical and mental status and also the dynamics of their cities, especially in cities such as Qom, that due to the holy shrine, is a crowded city, taking corrective actions in order to making safe playground is a top priority.

Razi Journal of Medical Sciences, Oct 10, 2020

Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science

Introduction: The respiratory system, one of the most important organs of the body, can be affect... more Introduction: The respiratory system, one of the most important organs of the body, can be affected by adverse effects, disorders and consequences in the workplace. Spirometry is one of the most important screening and testing tools in the periodic medical examination of every employee. This study was aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the respiratory function of staff of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). Material and Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study carried out on 300 employees of TUMS according on during the enrollment phase of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences employee’s cohort (TEC) study was in order to survey the parameters affecting pulmonary function. Demographic data were collected through a demographic questionnaire. Spirometry was used to evaluate respiratory function parameters and bioelectric impedance was used to analyze body composition. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software version 25. Two-sample t-test, o...

Work

BACKGROUND: Workplace violence is an important event that affects the safety of healthcare employ... more BACKGROUND: Workplace violence is an important event that affects the safety of healthcare employees, and diagnosing it in hospitals is an immediate occupational concern. OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to investigate general health and the prevalence of occupational violence and to predict its consequences among nurses and paramedics as the main body in medical settings. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2020 in a selected hospital in Tehran, Iran. A total of 208 healthcare workers participated in the study. To study general health, exposure to workplace violence, job burnout, and productivity, the general health questionnaire (GHQ), the workplace violence questionnaire, the Maslach burnout questionnaire, and the workforce productivity questionnaire were provided to healthcare workers, respectively. Then, a multiple linear regression model was used to predict violence and its consequences. RESULTS: The results revealed that 34.1% of the participants ha...

Work

BACKGROUND: Given the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) risk, it is essential to develop a comprehensiv... more BACKGROUND: Given the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) risk, it is essential to develop a comprehensive risk assessment method to manage the risk of the infectious diseases. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a risk assessment method for infectious diseases focusing on COVID-19. METHOD: This study was based on the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) and fuzzy analytical hierarchical process (FAHP) in three steps: (a) designing the preliminary risk assessment algorithm by reviewing the literature, (b) corroborating the designed structure based on the majority opinions of the expert panel and assigning scores to different factors according to the Delphi method, and (c) determining the weight of components and their factors based on the FAHP. RESULTS: The COVID-19 risk index (CVRI) was found to be affected by four components and 19 factors. The four components consisted of the probability of getting sick (5 factors), disease severity (4 factors), health beliefs level (3 factors), and exposure rat...

Work-a Journal of Prevention Assessment & Rehabilitation, Jan 21, 2023

Sustainability

Due to their unique nature, construction projects are considered one of the world’s most hazardou... more Due to their unique nature, construction projects are considered one of the world’s most hazardous and incident-prone industrial sectors. The present study aimed to analyze health, safety and environmental (HSE) risks relating to construction projects based on the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK) and sustainability approach. This study was conducted with the participation of 30 experts, using the semi-quantitative risk assessment technique, in nine areas of the project management’s body of knowledge, based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Risk, in this study, was estimated using a two-dimensional matrix of incident probability and severity, each of which has four sub-parameters. The HSE risks pertaining to each of the nine areas of PMBOK were identified. After that, the two dimensions of risk, including incident probability and severity, were measured. Thirty-seven risk sources associated with nine areas of the PMBOK were identified. Risk analysis revealed that 2...

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

PURPOSE This study aimed to carcinogenic and health risk assessment of respiratory exposure to ac... more PURPOSE This study aimed to carcinogenic and health risk assessment of respiratory exposure to acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene, and styrene in the petrochemical industry. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in a petrochemical plant producing acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene (ABS) copolymers. Respiratory exposure with acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene was measured using methods No. 1604, 1024, and 1501 of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, respectively. The US Environmental Protection Agency method was used to assess carcinogenic and health risks. RESULTS The average occupational exposure to acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene, and styrene was 560.82 μg. m-3 for 1,3-butadiene, 122.8 μg. m-3 for acrylonitrile and 1.92 μg. m-3 for styrene. The average lifetime cancer risk (LCR) in the present study was 2.71 ×10-3 for 1,3-butadiene, 2.1 ×10-3 for acrylonitrile, and 6.6 for styrene. Also, the mean non-cancer risk (HQ) among all participants for 1,3-butadiene, acrylonitrile, and styrene was 4.04 ± 6.93, 10.82 ± 14.76, and 0.19 ± 0.11, respectively. CONCLUSION The values of carcinogenic and health risks in the majority of the subjects were within the unacceptable risk levels due to exposure to 1,3-butadiene, acrylonitrile, and styrene vapors. Hence, corrective actions are required to protect the workers from non-cancer and cancer risks.

Work

BACKGROUND: Conducting practical studies in ergonomics requires attention to all aspects of ergon... more BACKGROUND: Conducting practical studies in ergonomics requires attention to all aspects of ergonomics with a comprehensive approach and focus on continuous improvement cycles. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop and present an ergonomics management model in the workplace. METHODS: This study was performed using a three-stage Delphi study with 30 experts and a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process. According to the literature review and experts’ opinions, the general cycle of the ergonomics management system with eight steps was developed. New methods were formed in two of these eight steps: the 3rd step (developing an ergonomic evaluation method) and the 5th step (creating a cost-benefit evaluation method). RESULTS: The eight implementation steps of the TEMA were determined as follows: 1) Performing task analysis (TTA), 2) Ergonomic hazard identification, 3) Estimating the ergonomic index, 4) Determining control measures, 5) Evaluating cost-benefit parameter, 6) Implementing contro...

Journal of Public Mental Health

Purpose Several variables can affect work stress. This study aims to model the cause-and-effect r... more Purpose Several variables can affect work stress. This study aims to model the cause-and-effect relationships among different variables that can predict work stress based on one of the most important fuzzy multicriteria decision-making methods used to investigate the cause-and-effect relationships among variables. Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted in 2020, including 17 experts in safety management, occupational health and work psychology, based on the fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method as a robust approach to identify the cause-and-effect relationships among different variables. Findings Shift work, lack of job satisfaction, mental health, mental overload, fatigue, job security, sleep disorders, environmental discomfort, work pressure, job knowledge (this could mean expertise/level of qualifications/familiarity with the job), work complexity and role conflict were found to be the most significant variables affecting work stress. Moreover,...

Journal of Health and Safety at Work, Nov 10, 2020

International journal of occupational hygiene, Sep 3, 2020

Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 2021

The spirometry is considered a preclinical tool for the evaluation of the respiratory system. The... more The spirometry is considered a preclinical tool for the evaluation of the respiratory system. The formal lung volumes measurement and health status lung system are made using spirometry. Artificial neural network (ANN) has been introduced in solving complex problems in a large number of different settings, including medical diagnosis support system as predictive power. An objective of this research was intended to investigate the development of a new decision support system (DSS) using ANN modeling approaches and algorithms to predict pulmonary function in people. The spirometry data and general characteristics, anthropometric data, and body composition parameters (N = 130) were obtained from subjects. The classification of pulmonary function was performed by the multi‐layer perceptron (MLP) model. Findings show that the MLP model is capable of classifying respiratory abnormalities in different people. The ANN model was totally 93.6%, 92.3%, 84.6%, and 91.5% successful in correctly classified in training, validation, test, and all data, respectively. Also, a DSS tool was created that allows the evaluation and classification of the results of spirometry data. It appears that ANNs are useful in classification pulmonary function.

Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering, 2020

Background and Objective: Offshore oil and gas platforms have a high potential for major and crit... more Background and Objective: Offshore oil and gas platforms have a high potential for major and critical events due to sensitive operating conditions, the existence of critical equipment, and significant volumes of hydrocarbon materials. This study aimed to investigate the effect of organizational leadership and safety climate on the occurrence of unsafe behaviors among employees of oil platforms. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 on five oil platform located in the Persian Gulf, Iran. The sample size was obtained at 291 employees. Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and standard occupational safety climate questionnaire were used to assess the organizational leadership and safety climate, respectively. Furthermore, the unsafe behaviors checklist was utilized to determine the occurrence of unsafe behaviors based on the risk factors of accidents that have occurred at the oil platforms during the past 10 years. Results: According to the results, the...

Journal of Injury and Violence Research, 2019

Background: Play is an important part of each child s life and is classified among the first chil... more Background: Play is an important part of each child s life and is classified among the first children activities. One of the important issues that have been little attention to it, is a safety of playgrounds. Without any doubt the safety of children requires a safe environment and safe equipment that will use in playgrounds. This study aiming at playground safety assessment in Qom city by Safety Report Card (SRC) method in 2017-2018 was conducted. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 98 park has been evaluated in Qom city. In order to evaluation the safety of playground, after assessing the validity and reliability of Safety Report Card method, mentioned method was used. Data were analyzed by using Independent sample t-test, correlation coefficient, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-Square statistical tests with SPSS software version 20. Finally, with regard to safety levels of playgrounds, GIS maps for the playgrounds safety in the Qom City were drawn. Results: The results of this study showed that the mean scores of the parks studied in SRC method is a low and equal to 12.18. The highest average scores were related to repair and maintenance of play equipment and the lowest mean scores were also related to the fall in danger. Results related to the frequency of each of the safety levels of SRC method indicated that 3.1% of the playgrounds were at the "F" safety level, 52% of the playgrounds were at the "D" safety level, 43.9% of the playgrounds were at the "C" safety level and 1% of the playgrounds were at the "B" safety level. Also there was a meaningful relationship between the parts of the fall in danger in the SRC method with the level of incomes in various urban areas. Conclusion: The result has shown that the majority of playgrounds in Qom city has a low safety level. Considering that playgrounds play an important role in the growth and development of children s personality and also the vitality and dynamics of their cities, corrective actions in order to making safe playgrounds and sustainable development of the city, is recommended.

Journal of Injury and Violence Research, 2019

Background: Playing is one of the first children s activities and one of the factors affecting th... more Background: Playing is one of the first children s activities and one of the factors affecting the health and physical and mental development of children. So have a safe park is one of the most basic rights of children. Without any doubt playgrounds should be healthy and safe environment for the children, that children can play freely and enjoy the game and to gain new experiences were. This study aiming at Playground Safety Assessment in Qom City by Playground Rating System (PRS) Method in 2017-2018 was conducted. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 98 Park has been evaluated in Qom city. In order to evaluation the safety of playground, after assessing the validity and reliability of Playground Rating System method, mentioned method was used. Data were analyzed by using Independent sample t-test, correlation coefficient, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-Square statistical tests with SPSS software version 20. Finally, with regard to safety levels of playground, GIS maps for the playgrounds safety in the Qom City were drawn. Results: The results of this study showed that the mean and standard deviation scores of the parks studied in PRS method is a low and equal to 39.17 and 6.13 respectively. Results related to the frequency of each of the safety levels of PRS method indicated that all playground examined in this study had a total score of less than 59 and stay on "F" risk level or unsafe. The Important factor in lowering the level of safety in the playground of Qom city is how to play the game / social ergonomics. Also there was a meaningful relationship between the part of the Maintenance and safety in the PRS method with the level of incomes in various urban areas. Conclusion: The result has shown that all of playgrounds in Qom city are unsafe or has a low safety level and the level of incomes is an important factor in the safety of playground. So considering that playgrounds play an important role in the growth and development of children s physical and mental status and also the dynamics of their cities, especially in cities such as Qom, that due to the holy shrine, is a crowded city, taking corrective actions in order to making safe playground is a top priority.

Razi Journal of Medical Sciences, Oct 10, 2020

Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science

Introduction: The respiratory system, one of the most important organs of the body, can be affect... more Introduction: The respiratory system, one of the most important organs of the body, can be affected by adverse effects, disorders and consequences in the workplace. Spirometry is one of the most important screening and testing tools in the periodic medical examination of every employee. This study was aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the respiratory function of staff of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). Material and Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study carried out on 300 employees of TUMS according on during the enrollment phase of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences employee’s cohort (TEC) study was in order to survey the parameters affecting pulmonary function. Demographic data were collected through a demographic questionnaire. Spirometry was used to evaluate respiratory function parameters and bioelectric impedance was used to analyze body composition. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software version 25. Two-sample t-test, o...