Ravi Patil | University of Agricultural sciences Dharwad (original) (raw)

Papers by Ravi Patil

Research paper thumbnail of Water and nutrient use efficiency in agriculture and the role of cereals - a review

Journal of Farm Sciences, 2016

Green revolution in India started during late 1960's increased national food production s... more Green revolution in India started during late 1960's increased national food production significantly (50 to 257 m t from 1950 to 2015) and enabled India to achieve self sufficiency. In this, the combined effect of water (irrigation) and nutrients (chemical fertilizers) to enhance the yield of improved genotypes was enormous. In coming decades too, water and nutrients continue to be very critical inputs to increase the food production further, but are becoming physically scarce and /or economically expensive due to growing multiple demands for water on one hand, and fast exhausting fossil fuels and the cost on other hand. Since nutrients and water are complementary and essential inputs, there is a need to enhance their use efficiency by increasing crop yield relative to that of evapotranspiration and nutrient losses. India has to produce more food (345 m t by 2030) for ever increasing population with declining water and nutrients availability, thus enhancing nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) are most critical and turn daunting research issues. Cereals viz., wheat, rice and maize are the major crops in India and together consume the highest amount of irrigation water and fertilizers (60-65 %) as compared to other crops, but with low efficiency (NUE 30-50% and WUE 3.7-12.6 kg ha mm-1). The increased productivity in these crops is most critical to meet the future food demand in India. This can be achieved by enhanced WUE and NUE through adoption of efficient methods of irrigation and fertilizer application.

Research paper thumbnail of Performance of Soybean Variety JS-335 Under Current Climate in Different Districts of North Interior Karnataka

Lavanya, P.1 and Patil, R. H.2*

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Private and Public Maize Hybrids for Their Potential Yield Under Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018

under potential condition. The experiment consisted of 36 maize hybrids (21 private and 15 public... more under potential condition. The experiment consisted of 36 maize hybrids (21 private and 15 public sourced) replicated twice and laid out in Randomised Complete Block Design. The phenology, leaf area index, yield traits and grain yield were recorded and statistically analysed for comparison amongst the hybrids. The study showed that private hybrids outperformed the public hybrids in both growth and yield parameters. The private hybrids had mean LAI value of 2.26, 4.27 and 2.51 at 30 DAS, 70 DAS and at harvest compared with mean LAI values of 1.85, 3.54 and 1.59, respectively, by public hybrids. The highest grain yield among the private hybrids was recorded by DKC-9141 (11492 kg ha-1) compared to the highest among public hybrid GH-15305 (9227 kg ha-1), and the difference was 19.8 per cent. The lowest yield of 6631 kg ha-1 was recorded by a public hybrid GH-1314 which was 22.1 per cent lower than the lowest yield of 8511 kg ha-1 recorded by the private hybrid NMH-145.

Research paper thumbnail of Water productivity of tomato as influenced by drip irrigation levels and substrates

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2018

The pot experiment was conducted at the Hi-tech Horticulture unit at Saidapur Farm, MARS, UAS, Dh... more The pot experiment was conducted at the Hi-tech Horticulture unit at Saidapur Farm, MARS, UAS, Dharwad during rabi 2015-16. The results indicated that, the total water requirement for tomato under polyhouse condition using drip irrigation levels at 50,75 and 100 percent pan evaporation (PE) were 20.83, 29.24 and 37.65 l plant respectively. Among drip irrigation levels 50 percent PE recorded significantly highest water productivity (74.56 kg m) and least in 100 percent PE (67.56 kg m). Within substrates treatment, mixed substrates of cocopeat + perlite + vermiculite at 50:25:25 recorded significantly higher water productivity (83.37 kg m) as compared to others.

Research paper thumbnail of Potential and Rainfed Yield Gap for Maize Hybrid NK-6240 under Current Climate of North Interior Karnataka: DSSAT Model based Assessment

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020

Maize (Zea mays L.), a member of the grass family Poaceae, is a cereal grain crop was first culti... more Maize (Zea mays L.), a member of the grass family Poaceae, is a cereal grain crop was first cultivated in ancient Central America. Currently, maize is grown globally on an area of 192.45 m ha producing 1,113 m t at a productivity of 5.7 t/ha (2019-20). The USA produces more than 32 per cent of the global maize output whereas, China, Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia and India are the other major countries. India accounts for 2.5 per cent of the world’s total production. In India during 2019-20 it was grown on an area of 9.2 m ha producing 28.90 m t with a productivity of 3.12 t/ha of which 72 per cent is grown in Kharif and 28 per cent during Rabi (Anon., 2020). Karnataka is the top producer of maize International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 12 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Research paper thumbnail of Yield gap analysis in kharif sorghum hybrid CSH-16 across 12 districts of north interior Karnataka, India : Yield gap in kharif sorghum hybrid

In North Interior Karnataka (NIK) sorghum is grown during both kharif and rabi seasons and CSH-16... more In North Interior Karnataka (NIK) sorghum is grown during both kharif and rabi seasons and CSH-16 is a nationally released hybrid for kharif season. The yield gap analysis is very essential to quantify the difference between potential yield (i.e., no moisture stress) and actual yield of a given crop cultivar under rainfed conditions so that agronomic adaptations are devised to fill the gap. This plays very important role under rainfed conditions because the yield is often limited by water stress followed by N stress. For this, calibrated and validated DSSAT-CERES was used to run simulations from 1988 to 2018 (31 years) for the kharif sorghum hybrid CSH-16 under potential and rainfed conditions on two predominant soils (black clay and red loamy) across 12 districts of NIK. The results showed that average grain yield for NIK in rainfed condition was 2734 kg/ha, with 2272 kg/ha on black clay soil and 3195 kg/ha on red loamy soil. When crop was grown under potential conditions the yield...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Maize Hybrids for their Maturity Groups and their Effect on Yield

International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience, 2018

The field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2016 on deep black soil at the Main Ag... more The field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2016 on deep black soil at the Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. The study included 36 hybrids (nine early, 24 medium, and three late maturing type) and were laid out using Randomised Complete Block Design replicated twice. The detailed plant phenology and final grain yield were recorded for all the hybrids and statistically analysed for comparison and to record potential yield. Among the three maturity groups of hybrids the maximum days taken for 50 % anthesis was recorded by hybrids DMH-1 (55 DAS), GH-15305 (59 DAS) and DKC-9141 (63 DAS), while days taken to physiological maturity was recorded by the hybrids GH-1316 (109 DAS), GK-3150 (119 DAS) and DKC-9141 (125 DAS) in early, medium, and late maturing hybrids, respectively. The mean grain yield of these maturity groups were 7550, 9342 and 11050 kg ha-1, respectively, thus indicating that late maturing hybrids give the highest yield under potential management condition followed by medium and the lowest by early maturing hybrids.

Research paper thumbnail of Simulated impacts of rise in temperature on kharif sorghum genotypes in Northern Transitional Zone of Karnataka, India

Cereal Research Communications, 2020

Thoroughly calibrated and validated DSSAT-CERES sorghum model's seasonal analysis tool was used t... more Thoroughly calibrated and validated DSSAT-CERES sorghum model's seasonal analysis tool was used to evaluate the sensitivity of four kharif sorghum cultivars across three dates of sowing to changes in temperature. Five temperature scenarios (no change in temp, + 0.5 °C, + 1 °C, + 1.5 °C and + 2 °C) were created using 32 years' observed past weather data (1985-2016). The model was run for all four cultivars across three dates of sowing under standard package of practices recommended to Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka for 32 years under rainfed conditions. Average of 32 years' model simulated outputs revealed that kharif sorghum yield is sensitive to changes in temperature. Among the genotypes tested, CSH-16 gave the highest grain yield in all temperature scenarios across dates of sowing, and was followed by CSV-17, CSV-23 and CSH-23. Among the dates of sowing, across all temperature scenarios, early sowing (15th June) gave the highest grain yield as compared to later sowings (i.e., 30th June and 15th July of 2011 and 2012). Among the cultivars tested, irrespective of dates of sowing, for every 0.5 °C increase in temperature, the average yield reduction was found to be the highest in CSV-23 (9.39%), followed by CSV-16 (7.51%), CSH-23 (7.26%) and CSV-17 (7.25%), which shows the differential response among cultivars to rise in temperature. This study indicates that as part of adaptation to future climates manipulation in sowing date as well as choice of heat tolerant cultivars would be required.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of Drip Irrigation Levels and Soilless Media on the Growth, Productivity and Economics of Greenhouse Grown Tomato

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Growth and yield response of winter wheat to soil warming and rainfall patterns

The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2010

SUMMARYIt is predicted that climate change will increase not only seasonal air and soil temperatu... more SUMMARYIt is predicted that climate change will increase not only seasonal air and soil temperatures in northern Europe but also the variability of rainfall patterns. This may influence temporal soil moisture regimes and the growth and yield of winter wheat. A lysimeter experiment was carried out in 2008/09 with three factors: rainfall amount, rainfall frequency and soil warming (two levels in each factor), on sandy loam soil in Denmark. The soil warming treatment included non-heated as the control and an increase in soil temperature by 5°C at 100 mm depth as heated. The rainfall treatment included the site mean for 1961–90 as the control and the projected monthly mean change for 2071–2100 under the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) A2 scenario for the climate change treatment. Projected monthly mean changes in rainfall compared to the reference period 1961–90 show, on average, 31% increase during winter (November–March) and 24% decrease during summer (July–September) wit...

Research paper thumbnail of National stock exchange: leveraging IT for creating an investor oriented exchange

International Journal of Services Technology and Management, 2005

The national stock exchange (NSE) of India was envisioned as an exchange for the fast changing an... more The national stock exchange (NSE) of India was envisioned as an exchange for the fast changing and evolving capital market in India. NSE today garners the maximum share turnover and it is the most computerised stock exchange in the country. NSE offers various learning experiences such as understanding of the market requirements, learning from the best stock exchanges abroad, a bias free trading platform and designing a trading system with the little changes for manipulation.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of CO2 gas as leaks from geological storage sites on agro-ecosystems

Energy, 2010

Carbon capture and storage in geological formations has potential risks in the long-term safety b... more Carbon capture and storage in geological formations has potential risks in the long-term safety because of the possibility of CO2 leakage. Effects of leaking gas, therefore, on vegetation, soil, and soil-inhabiting organisms are critical to understand. An artificial soil ...

Research paper thumbnail of Application of crop models for climate change impact studies in Agriculture: Reliability of singlevs multi- model outputs

Agrotechnology, Nov 17, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Performance of maize hybrid NK-6240 under current climate in different districts of north interior Karnataka

Journal of Farm Sciences, 2022

Maize (Zea mays) is one of the important commercial crops of north interior Karnataka (NIK) culti... more Maize (Zea mays) is one of the important commercial crops of north interior Karnataka (NIK) cultivated under both rainfed and irrigated conditions. NK-6240 is a promising private hybrid used by the farmers of NIK. Quantifying the yield potential of this hybrid across 12 districts of NIK having an area of 88,361 km 2 helps to categorise the areas which are more suitable to realize high yields and areas where the urgent measures are needed to improve the yield levels. For this, calibrated and validated DSSAT-CERES model was used to run simulations under current climate for the period from 1988 to 2018 in rainfed conditions on both black and red soils across eight dates of sowing in 12 districts of NIK. This study found that average grain yield simulated under current climate (1988-2018) in rainfed condition was the highest in Bidar (8066 kg ha-1) district followed by Dharwad (7872 kg ha-1), Bagalakote (7847 kg ha-1) and Gadag (7523 kg ha-1) while the lowest yield was simulated in Koppal (4878 kg ha-1) district followed by Ballari (5782 kg ha-1), Raichur (5954 kg ha-1) and Yadagiri (6452 kg ha-1). The difference in yield between the highest and lowest was 3188 kg ha-1 i.e., 65 per cent. Hence, this study concluded that under current climate Bidar, Dharwad and Bagalakote districts are the best districts to grow maize hybrid NK-6240 and the districts whose current rainfed yields are low needs to employ irrigation at critical stages to enhance yield.

Research paper thumbnail of Potential and Rainfed Yield Gap for Maize Hybrid NK-6240 under Current Climate of North Interior Karnataka: DSSAT Model based Assessment

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020

In north interior Karnataka (NIK) maize is the major crop grown during kharif season and NK-6240 ... more In north interior Karnataka (NIK) maize is the major crop grown during kharif season and NK-6240 is a promising private hybrid used by farmers of this region. However, more often farmers fail to harvest potential yield. The yield gap analysis is very essential to quantify the difference between potential yield and actual yield of a given crop so that adaptations are devised to fill the gap. This plays very important role especially for the
crops grown under rainfed conditions because the yield is limited more often by water stress followed by N stress in the rainfed conditions. Therefore, it is required to quantify the yield gap between potential and actual yield under rainfed conditions so that crop management strategies are developed to fill the gap. For this calibrated and validated DSSAT-CERES model was used to run seasonal analysis from 1988 to 2018 (31 years) for the maize hybrid NK-6240 under potential (no water stress) and rainfed conditions on black and red soils across 12 districts of NIK. Among the 12 districts on the black soil, the highest yield gap was simulated for Koppal district (63.5 %) and the least was for Belagavi
district (0.0 %) whereas, on red soils the highest gap was simulated for Koppal district (55.2 %) and the least was for Haveri district (6.2 %). The simulated results showed that the average grain yield across soils and districts in rainfed conditions for NIK was 6906 kg ha-1 and when the crop was grown on moisture stress free conditions the yield improved on average for whole of NIK by 19.9 per cent at 8278 kg ha-1 indicating that there is a scope to improve grain yield of maize in NIK by growing the crop under potential conditions compared to rainfed.

Research paper thumbnail of Yield Gap Analysis in Kharif Sorghum Hybrid CSH-16 across 12 Districts of North Interior Karnataka, India

Journal of AgriSearch, 2021

In North Interior Karnataka (NIK) sorghum is grown during both kharif and rabi seasons and CSH-16... more In North Interior Karnataka (NIK) sorghum is grown during both kharif and rabi seasons and CSH-16 is a nationally released hybrid for kharif season. The yield gap analysis is very essential to quantify the difference between potential yield and actual yield of a given crop cultivar under rainfed conditions so that agronomic adaptations are devised to fill the gap. This plays very important role under rainfed conditions because the yield is o en limited by water stress followed by N stress. For this, calibrated and validated DSSAT-CERES was used to run simulations from 1988 to 2018 (31 years) for the kharif sorghum hybrid CSH-16 under potential and rainfed conditions on two predominant soils (black clay and red loamy) across 12 districts of NIK. The results showed that average grain yield for NIK in rainfed condition was 2734 kg/ha, with 2272 kg/ha on black clay soil and 3195 kg/ha on red loamy soil. When crop was grown under potential conditions the yield level improved, on average, by 13.0 % to 3079 kg/ha, with 2630 kg/ha on black clay soil and 3528 kg/ha on red loamy soil, indicating that there is a scope to improve grain yield by providing irrigation at critical stages. Across 12 districts of NIK under current climate (1988-2018) on black clay soils the highest yield gap (76 %) was simulated for Koppal district and the lowest yield gap (0.8 %) simulated for Bidar district. Similarly, on red loamy soils the highest yield gap (25 %) was simulated for Vijayapura district and the lowest yield gap (0.1 %) simulated for Bidar district indicating higher yield gap on black clay soil than on red loamy soil.

Research paper thumbnail of Sorghum hybrid (CSH-16) ideotype to cope with projected climate of North Interior Karnataka

Journal of Farm Sciences, 2021

Sorghum is grown during both kharif and rabi seasons in North Interior Karnataka (NIK) of India a... more Sorghum is grown during both kharif and rabi seasons in North Interior Karnataka (NIK) of India and CSH-16 hybrid, a nationally released hybrid is grown during kharif season. Sorghum yield under projected climate of coming decades in rainfed conditions may decline due to increase in temperature and changes in rainfall patterns, thus need new cultivars that cope with future climate. Hence modelling study was carried out to quantify the effect of climate on yield and to design ideotype of CSH-16 which may aid breeders in their quest for new cultivars for projected climate. Using DSSAT-CERES model in this study already calibrated genetic coefficients of CSH-16 hybrid for current climate were modified in different combinations, and were run under projected climate (2020-2050) in rainfed conditions on two predominant soils across 12 districts of NIK. The combination of modified genetic coefficients surpassing the yield levels of current climate (1988-2018) under projected climate were identified as the ideotype. Increasing the GDD requirement from end of heading to fertilization (PANTH) and from beginning of grain filling to maturity (P5) along with increased partitioning of assimilates to head (G2), all by 5 or 10 %, simulated the best yields under projected climate exceeding the yield loss projected for the period from 2020-2050. This suggests that CSH-16 ideotype with longer duration from heading to maturity coupled with higher harvest index would perform better in coming decades.

Research paper thumbnail of DSSAT model based assessment for the suitability of kharif sorghum CSH-16 under current climate across north interior Karnataka

Journal of Farm Sciences, 2021

Sorghum is an important cereal staple food crop of millions of people in semi-arid tropics (SAT).... more Sorghum is an important cereal staple food crop of millions of people in semi-arid tropics (SAT). It is considered as the 'King of millets' and extensively grown in Africa, India, China, USA and Mexico. In India sorghum is the fifth major cereal crop grown during both kharif and rabi seasons. CSH-16 hybrid released for kharif land when grown under rainfed situation the yields are greatly influenced by onset, progress and withdrawal of South West monsoon. As SouthWest monsoon greatly varies over space and time, it is important to study the performance of kharif sorghum across different districts of North Interior Karnataka (NIK). Study was carried out using DSSAT-CERES model to run the simulations for 31 years (1988-2018) on two predominant soil types (black clay and red loamy soil) grown across nine dates of sowing (15 th May to 15 th July) at weekly interval following the standard production practices recommended by the university for rain fed crop across 12 districts of NIK. Model simulated yearly outputs were averaged for 31 years which showed that average grain yield simulated under current climate (1988-2018) in rainfed condition was the highest in Bagalkote (3476 kg/ha) followed by Dharwad (3416 kg/ha) and Gadag (3104 kg/ha) districts, where as the lowest was simulated for Koppal (1817kg ha-1) followed by Ballari (2202 kg/ha) and Raichur (2299 kg/ha) districts. Hence this study concludes that under current climate Bagalkote, Dharwad and Gadag districts are the best region to grow kharif sorghum hybrid CSH-16.

Research paper thumbnail of DSSAT model simulates soybean ideotype to cope with projected changes in future climate of north interior Karnataka, India

Journal of Food Legumes, 2021

Among oil seed crops soybean is an important crop of India grown during kharif season. Grain yiel... more Among oil seed crops soybean is an important crop of India grown during
kharif season. Grain yield of soybean under projected climate of 2020-2050 in rainfed conditions may decline due to increase in temperature and change in rainfall pattern. Hence, new type of cultivars may be required to suit to projected climate of coming decades and still continue to yield more. Crop simulation models have potential usage to evaluate genetic improvement of current cultivars and propose plant ideotypes for future projected climate.
This study was carried out to come up with an ideotype for soybean variety JS-335 and to suggest breeders in their quest to identify potential traits for projected climate. Already calibrated select set of genetic coefficients (GC) which govern the main plant functions of variety JS-335 were modified in different combinations and were run under projected climate (2020-2050) in rainfed conditions to simulate yield output. The simulated yield with a combination of changed GCs surpassing the yield levels of current climate (1988-2018) under projected climate was identified. The study showed increasing thermal requirement (GC) of crop i) between plant emergence and flower appearance (EM-FL), ii) from first seed to physiological maturity (SDPM) and iii) the maximum ratio of seed to pod at maturity by 5, 10 and 15% simulated the best yields under projected climate on black clay soils resulting in an increment of 20 to 57%, and on red loamy soils an increment of 0.3 to 22%, respectively, compared to the yield under projected climate (2020-2050) in rainfed conditions on respective soils.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of sowing windows for soybean under current climate and projected climate across North Interior Karnataka

Journal of Farm Sciences, 2021

The experimental data on soybean variety JS-335 to calibrate and validate CSM CROPGRO were collec... more The experimental data on soybean variety JS-335 to calibrate and validate CSM CROPGRO were collected from the experiment of AICRP on soybean scheme during Kharif season of 2006, 2012 and 2019 under rainfed conditions on deep black soils at Main Agricultural Research Station (MARS) of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. The simulation study revealed that under rainfed conditions on clay and sandy soils under both current (1988-2018) and projected climate (2020-2050) no particular pattern was observed and found that the best date of sowing for each district was different. Further, when the crop was simulated under the potential conditions (fully irrigated) under both current (1988-2018) and projected climate (2020-2050) on clay and sandy soils sowing late i.e., on 2 nd fortnight of June simulated higher soybean grain yields across 12 districts of north interior Karnataka.

Research paper thumbnail of Water and nutrient use efficiency in agriculture and the role of cereals - a review

Journal of Farm Sciences, 2016

Green revolution in India started during late 1960's increased national food production s... more Green revolution in India started during late 1960's increased national food production significantly (50 to 257 m t from 1950 to 2015) and enabled India to achieve self sufficiency. In this, the combined effect of water (irrigation) and nutrients (chemical fertilizers) to enhance the yield of improved genotypes was enormous. In coming decades too, water and nutrients continue to be very critical inputs to increase the food production further, but are becoming physically scarce and /or economically expensive due to growing multiple demands for water on one hand, and fast exhausting fossil fuels and the cost on other hand. Since nutrients and water are complementary and essential inputs, there is a need to enhance their use efficiency by increasing crop yield relative to that of evapotranspiration and nutrient losses. India has to produce more food (345 m t by 2030) for ever increasing population with declining water and nutrients availability, thus enhancing nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) are most critical and turn daunting research issues. Cereals viz., wheat, rice and maize are the major crops in India and together consume the highest amount of irrigation water and fertilizers (60-65 %) as compared to other crops, but with low efficiency (NUE 30-50% and WUE 3.7-12.6 kg ha mm-1). The increased productivity in these crops is most critical to meet the future food demand in India. This can be achieved by enhanced WUE and NUE through adoption of efficient methods of irrigation and fertilizer application.

Research paper thumbnail of Performance of Soybean Variety JS-335 Under Current Climate in Different Districts of North Interior Karnataka

Lavanya, P.1 and Patil, R. H.2*

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Private and Public Maize Hybrids for Their Potential Yield Under Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018

under potential condition. The experiment consisted of 36 maize hybrids (21 private and 15 public... more under potential condition. The experiment consisted of 36 maize hybrids (21 private and 15 public sourced) replicated twice and laid out in Randomised Complete Block Design. The phenology, leaf area index, yield traits and grain yield were recorded and statistically analysed for comparison amongst the hybrids. The study showed that private hybrids outperformed the public hybrids in both growth and yield parameters. The private hybrids had mean LAI value of 2.26, 4.27 and 2.51 at 30 DAS, 70 DAS and at harvest compared with mean LAI values of 1.85, 3.54 and 1.59, respectively, by public hybrids. The highest grain yield among the private hybrids was recorded by DKC-9141 (11492 kg ha-1) compared to the highest among public hybrid GH-15305 (9227 kg ha-1), and the difference was 19.8 per cent. The lowest yield of 6631 kg ha-1 was recorded by a public hybrid GH-1314 which was 22.1 per cent lower than the lowest yield of 8511 kg ha-1 recorded by the private hybrid NMH-145.

Research paper thumbnail of Water productivity of tomato as influenced by drip irrigation levels and substrates

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2018

The pot experiment was conducted at the Hi-tech Horticulture unit at Saidapur Farm, MARS, UAS, Dh... more The pot experiment was conducted at the Hi-tech Horticulture unit at Saidapur Farm, MARS, UAS, Dharwad during rabi 2015-16. The results indicated that, the total water requirement for tomato under polyhouse condition using drip irrigation levels at 50,75 and 100 percent pan evaporation (PE) were 20.83, 29.24 and 37.65 l plant respectively. Among drip irrigation levels 50 percent PE recorded significantly highest water productivity (74.56 kg m) and least in 100 percent PE (67.56 kg m). Within substrates treatment, mixed substrates of cocopeat + perlite + vermiculite at 50:25:25 recorded significantly higher water productivity (83.37 kg m) as compared to others.

Research paper thumbnail of Potential and Rainfed Yield Gap for Maize Hybrid NK-6240 under Current Climate of North Interior Karnataka: DSSAT Model based Assessment

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020

Maize (Zea mays L.), a member of the grass family Poaceae, is a cereal grain crop was first culti... more Maize (Zea mays L.), a member of the grass family Poaceae, is a cereal grain crop was first cultivated in ancient Central America. Currently, maize is grown globally on an area of 192.45 m ha producing 1,113 m t at a productivity of 5.7 t/ha (2019-20). The USA produces more than 32 per cent of the global maize output whereas, China, Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia and India are the other major countries. India accounts for 2.5 per cent of the world’s total production. In India during 2019-20 it was grown on an area of 9.2 m ha producing 28.90 m t with a productivity of 3.12 t/ha of which 72 per cent is grown in Kharif and 28 per cent during Rabi (Anon., 2020). Karnataka is the top producer of maize International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 12 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Research paper thumbnail of Yield gap analysis in kharif sorghum hybrid CSH-16 across 12 districts of north interior Karnataka, India : Yield gap in kharif sorghum hybrid

In North Interior Karnataka (NIK) sorghum is grown during both kharif and rabi seasons and CSH-16... more In North Interior Karnataka (NIK) sorghum is grown during both kharif and rabi seasons and CSH-16 is a nationally released hybrid for kharif season. The yield gap analysis is very essential to quantify the difference between potential yield (i.e., no moisture stress) and actual yield of a given crop cultivar under rainfed conditions so that agronomic adaptations are devised to fill the gap. This plays very important role under rainfed conditions because the yield is often limited by water stress followed by N stress. For this, calibrated and validated DSSAT-CERES was used to run simulations from 1988 to 2018 (31 years) for the kharif sorghum hybrid CSH-16 under potential and rainfed conditions on two predominant soils (black clay and red loamy) across 12 districts of NIK. The results showed that average grain yield for NIK in rainfed condition was 2734 kg/ha, with 2272 kg/ha on black clay soil and 3195 kg/ha on red loamy soil. When crop was grown under potential conditions the yield...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Maize Hybrids for their Maturity Groups and their Effect on Yield

International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience, 2018

The field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2016 on deep black soil at the Main Ag... more The field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2016 on deep black soil at the Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. The study included 36 hybrids (nine early, 24 medium, and three late maturing type) and were laid out using Randomised Complete Block Design replicated twice. The detailed plant phenology and final grain yield were recorded for all the hybrids and statistically analysed for comparison and to record potential yield. Among the three maturity groups of hybrids the maximum days taken for 50 % anthesis was recorded by hybrids DMH-1 (55 DAS), GH-15305 (59 DAS) and DKC-9141 (63 DAS), while days taken to physiological maturity was recorded by the hybrids GH-1316 (109 DAS), GK-3150 (119 DAS) and DKC-9141 (125 DAS) in early, medium, and late maturing hybrids, respectively. The mean grain yield of these maturity groups were 7550, 9342 and 11050 kg ha-1, respectively, thus indicating that late maturing hybrids give the highest yield under potential management condition followed by medium and the lowest by early maturing hybrids.

Research paper thumbnail of Simulated impacts of rise in temperature on kharif sorghum genotypes in Northern Transitional Zone of Karnataka, India

Cereal Research Communications, 2020

Thoroughly calibrated and validated DSSAT-CERES sorghum model's seasonal analysis tool was used t... more Thoroughly calibrated and validated DSSAT-CERES sorghum model's seasonal analysis tool was used to evaluate the sensitivity of four kharif sorghum cultivars across three dates of sowing to changes in temperature. Five temperature scenarios (no change in temp, + 0.5 °C, + 1 °C, + 1.5 °C and + 2 °C) were created using 32 years' observed past weather data (1985-2016). The model was run for all four cultivars across three dates of sowing under standard package of practices recommended to Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka for 32 years under rainfed conditions. Average of 32 years' model simulated outputs revealed that kharif sorghum yield is sensitive to changes in temperature. Among the genotypes tested, CSH-16 gave the highest grain yield in all temperature scenarios across dates of sowing, and was followed by CSV-17, CSV-23 and CSH-23. Among the dates of sowing, across all temperature scenarios, early sowing (15th June) gave the highest grain yield as compared to later sowings (i.e., 30th June and 15th July of 2011 and 2012). Among the cultivars tested, irrespective of dates of sowing, for every 0.5 °C increase in temperature, the average yield reduction was found to be the highest in CSV-23 (9.39%), followed by CSV-16 (7.51%), CSH-23 (7.26%) and CSV-17 (7.25%), which shows the differential response among cultivars to rise in temperature. This study indicates that as part of adaptation to future climates manipulation in sowing date as well as choice of heat tolerant cultivars would be required.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of Drip Irrigation Levels and Soilless Media on the Growth, Productivity and Economics of Greenhouse Grown Tomato

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Growth and yield response of winter wheat to soil warming and rainfall patterns

The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2010

SUMMARYIt is predicted that climate change will increase not only seasonal air and soil temperatu... more SUMMARYIt is predicted that climate change will increase not only seasonal air and soil temperatures in northern Europe but also the variability of rainfall patterns. This may influence temporal soil moisture regimes and the growth and yield of winter wheat. A lysimeter experiment was carried out in 2008/09 with three factors: rainfall amount, rainfall frequency and soil warming (two levels in each factor), on sandy loam soil in Denmark. The soil warming treatment included non-heated as the control and an increase in soil temperature by 5°C at 100 mm depth as heated. The rainfall treatment included the site mean for 1961–90 as the control and the projected monthly mean change for 2071–2100 under the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) A2 scenario for the climate change treatment. Projected monthly mean changes in rainfall compared to the reference period 1961–90 show, on average, 31% increase during winter (November–March) and 24% decrease during summer (July–September) wit...

Research paper thumbnail of National stock exchange: leveraging IT for creating an investor oriented exchange

International Journal of Services Technology and Management, 2005

The national stock exchange (NSE) of India was envisioned as an exchange for the fast changing an... more The national stock exchange (NSE) of India was envisioned as an exchange for the fast changing and evolving capital market in India. NSE today garners the maximum share turnover and it is the most computerised stock exchange in the country. NSE offers various learning experiences such as understanding of the market requirements, learning from the best stock exchanges abroad, a bias free trading platform and designing a trading system with the little changes for manipulation.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of CO2 gas as leaks from geological storage sites on agro-ecosystems

Energy, 2010

Carbon capture and storage in geological formations has potential risks in the long-term safety b... more Carbon capture and storage in geological formations has potential risks in the long-term safety because of the possibility of CO2 leakage. Effects of leaking gas, therefore, on vegetation, soil, and soil-inhabiting organisms are critical to understand. An artificial soil ...

Research paper thumbnail of Application of crop models for climate change impact studies in Agriculture: Reliability of singlevs multi- model outputs

Agrotechnology, Nov 17, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Performance of maize hybrid NK-6240 under current climate in different districts of north interior Karnataka

Journal of Farm Sciences, 2022

Maize (Zea mays) is one of the important commercial crops of north interior Karnataka (NIK) culti... more Maize (Zea mays) is one of the important commercial crops of north interior Karnataka (NIK) cultivated under both rainfed and irrigated conditions. NK-6240 is a promising private hybrid used by the farmers of NIK. Quantifying the yield potential of this hybrid across 12 districts of NIK having an area of 88,361 km 2 helps to categorise the areas which are more suitable to realize high yields and areas where the urgent measures are needed to improve the yield levels. For this, calibrated and validated DSSAT-CERES model was used to run simulations under current climate for the period from 1988 to 2018 in rainfed conditions on both black and red soils across eight dates of sowing in 12 districts of NIK. This study found that average grain yield simulated under current climate (1988-2018) in rainfed condition was the highest in Bidar (8066 kg ha-1) district followed by Dharwad (7872 kg ha-1), Bagalakote (7847 kg ha-1) and Gadag (7523 kg ha-1) while the lowest yield was simulated in Koppal (4878 kg ha-1) district followed by Ballari (5782 kg ha-1), Raichur (5954 kg ha-1) and Yadagiri (6452 kg ha-1). The difference in yield between the highest and lowest was 3188 kg ha-1 i.e., 65 per cent. Hence, this study concluded that under current climate Bidar, Dharwad and Bagalakote districts are the best districts to grow maize hybrid NK-6240 and the districts whose current rainfed yields are low needs to employ irrigation at critical stages to enhance yield.

Research paper thumbnail of Potential and Rainfed Yield Gap for Maize Hybrid NK-6240 under Current Climate of North Interior Karnataka: DSSAT Model based Assessment

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020

In north interior Karnataka (NIK) maize is the major crop grown during kharif season and NK-6240 ... more In north interior Karnataka (NIK) maize is the major crop grown during kharif season and NK-6240 is a promising private hybrid used by farmers of this region. However, more often farmers fail to harvest potential yield. The yield gap analysis is very essential to quantify the difference between potential yield and actual yield of a given crop so that adaptations are devised to fill the gap. This plays very important role especially for the
crops grown under rainfed conditions because the yield is limited more often by water stress followed by N stress in the rainfed conditions. Therefore, it is required to quantify the yield gap between potential and actual yield under rainfed conditions so that crop management strategies are developed to fill the gap. For this calibrated and validated DSSAT-CERES model was used to run seasonal analysis from 1988 to 2018 (31 years) for the maize hybrid NK-6240 under potential (no water stress) and rainfed conditions on black and red soils across 12 districts of NIK. Among the 12 districts on the black soil, the highest yield gap was simulated for Koppal district (63.5 %) and the least was for Belagavi
district (0.0 %) whereas, on red soils the highest gap was simulated for Koppal district (55.2 %) and the least was for Haveri district (6.2 %). The simulated results showed that the average grain yield across soils and districts in rainfed conditions for NIK was 6906 kg ha-1 and when the crop was grown on moisture stress free conditions the yield improved on average for whole of NIK by 19.9 per cent at 8278 kg ha-1 indicating that there is a scope to improve grain yield of maize in NIK by growing the crop under potential conditions compared to rainfed.

Research paper thumbnail of Yield Gap Analysis in Kharif Sorghum Hybrid CSH-16 across 12 Districts of North Interior Karnataka, India

Journal of AgriSearch, 2021

In North Interior Karnataka (NIK) sorghum is grown during both kharif and rabi seasons and CSH-16... more In North Interior Karnataka (NIK) sorghum is grown during both kharif and rabi seasons and CSH-16 is a nationally released hybrid for kharif season. The yield gap analysis is very essential to quantify the difference between potential yield and actual yield of a given crop cultivar under rainfed conditions so that agronomic adaptations are devised to fill the gap. This plays very important role under rainfed conditions because the yield is o en limited by water stress followed by N stress. For this, calibrated and validated DSSAT-CERES was used to run simulations from 1988 to 2018 (31 years) for the kharif sorghum hybrid CSH-16 under potential and rainfed conditions on two predominant soils (black clay and red loamy) across 12 districts of NIK. The results showed that average grain yield for NIK in rainfed condition was 2734 kg/ha, with 2272 kg/ha on black clay soil and 3195 kg/ha on red loamy soil. When crop was grown under potential conditions the yield level improved, on average, by 13.0 % to 3079 kg/ha, with 2630 kg/ha on black clay soil and 3528 kg/ha on red loamy soil, indicating that there is a scope to improve grain yield by providing irrigation at critical stages. Across 12 districts of NIK under current climate (1988-2018) on black clay soils the highest yield gap (76 %) was simulated for Koppal district and the lowest yield gap (0.8 %) simulated for Bidar district. Similarly, on red loamy soils the highest yield gap (25 %) was simulated for Vijayapura district and the lowest yield gap (0.1 %) simulated for Bidar district indicating higher yield gap on black clay soil than on red loamy soil.

Research paper thumbnail of Sorghum hybrid (CSH-16) ideotype to cope with projected climate of North Interior Karnataka

Journal of Farm Sciences, 2021

Sorghum is grown during both kharif and rabi seasons in North Interior Karnataka (NIK) of India a... more Sorghum is grown during both kharif and rabi seasons in North Interior Karnataka (NIK) of India and CSH-16 hybrid, a nationally released hybrid is grown during kharif season. Sorghum yield under projected climate of coming decades in rainfed conditions may decline due to increase in temperature and changes in rainfall patterns, thus need new cultivars that cope with future climate. Hence modelling study was carried out to quantify the effect of climate on yield and to design ideotype of CSH-16 which may aid breeders in their quest for new cultivars for projected climate. Using DSSAT-CERES model in this study already calibrated genetic coefficients of CSH-16 hybrid for current climate were modified in different combinations, and were run under projected climate (2020-2050) in rainfed conditions on two predominant soils across 12 districts of NIK. The combination of modified genetic coefficients surpassing the yield levels of current climate (1988-2018) under projected climate were identified as the ideotype. Increasing the GDD requirement from end of heading to fertilization (PANTH) and from beginning of grain filling to maturity (P5) along with increased partitioning of assimilates to head (G2), all by 5 or 10 %, simulated the best yields under projected climate exceeding the yield loss projected for the period from 2020-2050. This suggests that CSH-16 ideotype with longer duration from heading to maturity coupled with higher harvest index would perform better in coming decades.

Research paper thumbnail of DSSAT model based assessment for the suitability of kharif sorghum CSH-16 under current climate across north interior Karnataka

Journal of Farm Sciences, 2021

Sorghum is an important cereal staple food crop of millions of people in semi-arid tropics (SAT).... more Sorghum is an important cereal staple food crop of millions of people in semi-arid tropics (SAT). It is considered as the 'King of millets' and extensively grown in Africa, India, China, USA and Mexico. In India sorghum is the fifth major cereal crop grown during both kharif and rabi seasons. CSH-16 hybrid released for kharif land when grown under rainfed situation the yields are greatly influenced by onset, progress and withdrawal of South West monsoon. As SouthWest monsoon greatly varies over space and time, it is important to study the performance of kharif sorghum across different districts of North Interior Karnataka (NIK). Study was carried out using DSSAT-CERES model to run the simulations for 31 years (1988-2018) on two predominant soil types (black clay and red loamy soil) grown across nine dates of sowing (15 th May to 15 th July) at weekly interval following the standard production practices recommended by the university for rain fed crop across 12 districts of NIK. Model simulated yearly outputs were averaged for 31 years which showed that average grain yield simulated under current climate (1988-2018) in rainfed condition was the highest in Bagalkote (3476 kg/ha) followed by Dharwad (3416 kg/ha) and Gadag (3104 kg/ha) districts, where as the lowest was simulated for Koppal (1817kg ha-1) followed by Ballari (2202 kg/ha) and Raichur (2299 kg/ha) districts. Hence this study concludes that under current climate Bagalkote, Dharwad and Gadag districts are the best region to grow kharif sorghum hybrid CSH-16.

Research paper thumbnail of DSSAT model simulates soybean ideotype to cope with projected changes in future climate of north interior Karnataka, India

Journal of Food Legumes, 2021

Among oil seed crops soybean is an important crop of India grown during kharif season. Grain yiel... more Among oil seed crops soybean is an important crop of India grown during
kharif season. Grain yield of soybean under projected climate of 2020-2050 in rainfed conditions may decline due to increase in temperature and change in rainfall pattern. Hence, new type of cultivars may be required to suit to projected climate of coming decades and still continue to yield more. Crop simulation models have potential usage to evaluate genetic improvement of current cultivars and propose plant ideotypes for future projected climate.
This study was carried out to come up with an ideotype for soybean variety JS-335 and to suggest breeders in their quest to identify potential traits for projected climate. Already calibrated select set of genetic coefficients (GC) which govern the main plant functions of variety JS-335 were modified in different combinations and were run under projected climate (2020-2050) in rainfed conditions to simulate yield output. The simulated yield with a combination of changed GCs surpassing the yield levels of current climate (1988-2018) under projected climate was identified. The study showed increasing thermal requirement (GC) of crop i) between plant emergence and flower appearance (EM-FL), ii) from first seed to physiological maturity (SDPM) and iii) the maximum ratio of seed to pod at maturity by 5, 10 and 15% simulated the best yields under projected climate on black clay soils resulting in an increment of 20 to 57%, and on red loamy soils an increment of 0.3 to 22%, respectively, compared to the yield under projected climate (2020-2050) in rainfed conditions on respective soils.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of sowing windows for soybean under current climate and projected climate across North Interior Karnataka

Journal of Farm Sciences, 2021

The experimental data on soybean variety JS-335 to calibrate and validate CSM CROPGRO were collec... more The experimental data on soybean variety JS-335 to calibrate and validate CSM CROPGRO were collected from the experiment of AICRP on soybean scheme during Kharif season of 2006, 2012 and 2019 under rainfed conditions on deep black soils at Main Agricultural Research Station (MARS) of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. The simulation study revealed that under rainfed conditions on clay and sandy soils under both current (1988-2018) and projected climate (2020-2050) no particular pattern was observed and found that the best date of sowing for each district was different. Further, when the crop was simulated under the potential conditions (fully irrigated) under both current (1988-2018) and projected climate (2020-2050) on clay and sandy soils sowing late i.e., on 2 nd fortnight of June simulated higher soybean grain yields across 12 districts of north interior Karnataka.