Gonzalo Taborda-Ocampo | Universidad de Caldas (original) (raw)

Papers by Gonzalo Taborda-Ocampo

Bragantia, 2020

Tomato is considered a fruit with a high food demand across the world due to its high antioxidant... more Tomato is considered a fruit with a high food demand across the world due to its high antioxidant capacity. Lycopene content in tomato has been widely studied, particularly in cherry-type tomatoes which are considered a high source of lycopene for humans. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in terms of concentration and variation of diverse physicochemical parameters of quality (acidity, vitamin C, pH, °Brix, color coordinates L*, a* and b*) and, antioxidants like β-carotene and lycopene in 11 accessions of cherry-type tomatoes, considering the advantages of antioxidants for human health. Multicriteria analysis and other tests showed substantial differences among the accessions. IAC401 was associated with the best physicochemical characteristics of a promissory cherry-type tomato for cultivation due to its association with functional food, followed by IAC426R and IAC1624. This study allowed an innovative association of physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant contents of cherry-type tomatoes through multicriteria analyses which enable the analysis, elimination, and proposal of promising accessions for their use in future crops which will promote the best intrinsic features of tomato to be used in the studied region. In this case accessions with the highest scores offer not only optimum amounts of antioxidants and highest levels of organic acids and sugars.

African Journal of Biotechnology, 2017

The genus Gluconacetobacter comprises different species with agricultural and industrial importan... more The genus Gluconacetobacter comprises different species with agricultural and industrial importance. This study aims at determining the presence of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and Gluconacetobacter sacchari in sugarcane and tomato crops considering their potential biotechnological applications. Bacteria were isolated from roots, stems and leaf tissues and identified using phenotypic and biochemical evaluations, and molecular and phylogenetic analyses. Isolates were characterized by the production of indolic compounds, nitrogenase activity and phosphate solubilization. For this, G. diazotrophicus ATCC 49037 was used as the reference strain. The results showed that all isolates of native G. diazotrophicus exhibited equal or better phosphate solubilization index (SI) for CaCO 3 and AlPO 4 than reference strain. For G. sacchari, GIBI031 isolate displayed better SI for both phosphate sources and GIBI014 isolate had better SI only for AlPO 4. G. diazotrophicus GIBI029 had a greater production of indolic compounds than ATCC 49037 strain in the presence of tryptophan. All isolates except G sacchari GIBI031, showed better nitrogenase activity than the control. These results constitute the first report confirming the presence of G. diazotrophicus and G. sacchari associated with sugarcane in Colombia. In addition, this is the first report on the presence of G. sacchari in tomato under natural conditions. Finally, one G. sacchari isolate presented nitrogenase activity despite the fact that this is a differential characteristic between G. diazotrophicus and G. sacchari. These findings have ecological significance and will advance research towards the evaluation of plant-soil interactions involving these bacteria in crops other than sugarcane. The isolates found are potential candidates for the development of novel biotechnological processes for production of new alternative biofertilizers considering the significant plant-growth promotion properties determined in this work.

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, Feb 1, 2021

The challenges faced on pesticide extraction from biological samples are finding a method that al... more The challenges faced on pesticide extraction from biological samples are finding a method that allows a multi-residue extraction, pre-concentration, clean-up, and isolation of analytes in just one step. In this sense, the hollow fiber - liquid phase microextraction method (HF- LPME) in the "solvent bar" mode was used to optimize and validate a method for pesticide multi-residue analysis in blood plasma at trace levels, through gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Hollow fiber solvent bar microextraction HF-SBME was carried out with octanol immobilized into the pores of hydrophobic polypropylene fiber and disposed within a matrix of blood plasma, spiked with a mixture of pesticides (monocrotophos, lindane, aldrin, methyl parathion, endosulfan, dieldrin, DDD, DDT, and endrin). The optimization parameters evaluated were: extraction temperature and time, stirring speed, and salt concentration. A principal component analysis was performed to visualize the analytes' behaviour based on their explained variance, and then, a Box-Behnken analysis was generated to identify the optimum parameters. According to the PCA, all pesticides showed similar responses to the extraction method and the response of dieldrin exhibit the lowest variance. Moreover, the stationary points selected from the Box-Behnken analysis were 25.5 °C for the extraction temperature, 870 rpm for stirring speed, 16 min for extraction time, and 8.3 % w/v of salt concentration. Moreover, the validation results proved that HF-SBME is an alternative technique for pesticide multi-residue extraction in blood plasma. The analytes were able to concentrate, reaching 46 fold enrichment. The solvent type, sample and solvent volume were narrowed down without changing the method's precision or accuracy. The relative standard deviation was under 10 %, and the recovery was between 55 % and 105 % for the different analytes excepting lindane, which had lower recovery (27 %). The detection limits were 0.02 until 0.13 µg mL-1 for most of the pesticides used. Finally, HF-SBME is a good alternative for pesticide multi-residue extraction in complex matrices like plasma.

Revista Científica del Centro de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Científico de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Aug 31, 2016

Estudio de la degradación de fenol sobre catalizador de arcilla pilarizada Degradation study of p... more Estudio de la degradación de fenol sobre catalizador de arcilla pilarizada Degradation study of phenol on pillared clay catalyst Estudo da degradação de fenol sobre catalisador de argila suportada

Revista Colombiana de Química, Sep 1, 2014

Revista Colombiana de Química, Sep 1, 2014

Abstract Human intestinal mucus essentially consists of a network of Mucin2 glycoproteins embedde... more Abstract Human intestinal mucus essentially consists of a network of Mucin2 glycoproteins embedded in many lower molecular weight proteins. This paper contributes to the proteomic study of human intestinal mucus by comparing two sample collection methods (transanal irrigation and brush cytology during proctosigmoidoscopy) and analysis techniques (electrophoresis and digestion in solution). The entire sample collection and treatment process is explained, including protein extraction, digestion and desalination and peptide characterisation using a nanoAcquity UPLC chromatograph coupled to an HDMS spectrometer equipped with a nanoESI source. Collecting mucus via transanal irrigation provided a larger sample volume and protein concentration from a single patient. The proctosigmoidoscopy sample could be analysed via digestion in solution after depleting albumin. The analysis indicates that a simple mucus lysis method can evaluate the electrophoresis and digestion in solution techniques. Studying human intestinal mucus complexes is important because they perform two essential survival functions for humans as the first biochemical and physical defences for the gastrointestinal tract and a habitat for intestinal microbiota, which are primarily hosted in the colon and exceeds the human genetic information and cell number 100- and 10-fold (1).

Scientia Horticulturae, 2021

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most commercialized and studied fruit due to its nutritio... more Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most commercialized and studied fruit due to its nutritional contribution to human diet. Compared to other taxa of agricultural interest, tomato has a relatively high genetic variation, withholding a significant amount of diversity in its wild accessions. One of the most valued cultivars is known as "cherry type". Cherry excels in flavor and aroma traits as compared to commercial cultivars. We compared 10 wild cherry tomato accessions based on their sensorial and chemical characteristics to determine ideal mating partners that will increase crop benefits. Accessions were rated as important based on high levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) both carotenoid-derived and phenylpropanoids, high rating in a sensory profile, high concentrations of lycopene, β-carotene and ideal physicochemical parameters (i.e., total acidity, vitamin C, pH, soluble solids, and color). Significant differences between accessions were evident. Non-red tomato fruits are not ideal partners because they do not have superior physicochemical parameters. Furthermore, low sensory profile scores and absence of VOCs are associated with flavor of non-red tomatoes. In conclusion, LA1480, IAC1624 and IAC401 accessions are the most promising for future breeding. We propose promising material of wild cherry tomato fruits based on commercial interest, taste, aroma, VOCs, and nutritional requirements to have the fruit regarded as a functional food.

Revista De La Universidad De Caldas, 2003

Biomedicine, Apr 2, 2021

Polyphenols are attributed to multiple biological activities that provide nutritional and therape... more Polyphenols are attributed to multiple biological activities that provide nutritional and therapeutical benefits. The present paper is a descriptive review focused on polyphenolic chemical structural aspects contributing to explain biological and biochemical functions offered by these phytochemicals. Element conformation differences, ring modifications, the presence of specific functional groups, and the tridimensional chemical arrangement are fundamental to explain specific effects presented by polyphenols. The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of polyphenols suggest that basic chemical reactions and element reorganization are important in understanding their function, well-known polyphenols such as quercetin, curcumin, and catechin have been evaluated in multiple studies. Moreover, anti-bacterial and anti-viral activities have been proven to be dependent on hydroxylation, methoxylation, and alkylation of several polyphenol ring components. Polyphenols extracted from tea, like catechins, proved to inhibit efficiently hepatitis C, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses. They have also acted as promising prophylactic and therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2. Epicatechin extracted from the hawthorn tree showed antiviral activity on several bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The inclusion of these natural components in daily diets is of primary nutritional benefit and importance in the prevention of several diseases.

Universidad EAN eBooks, Aug 11, 2021

Coffee Science

The coffee fermentation process has been established as a determining stage regarding its quality... more The coffee fermentation process has been established as a determining stage regarding its quality and aroma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences that exist between five fermentation processes and within each process (at different fermentation times) based on their volatile and sensory profile. The processes evaluated were dry or natural (NA), semi-dry or honey (HO), and three variations of the wet process, called: conventional aerobic (CA), aerobic with previous fermentation in cherry (AFC) and anaerobic with previous fermentation in cherry (ANFC). The NA process obtained the highest score (86.63) in the sensory profile and statistically different from the other processes, followed by the process HO (84.79), ANFC (84.24), CA (84.21) and AFC (83.63). The volatile profile was determined by headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fifty-one volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were tentatively identified. The main chemical families that allowed differentiating between groups of processes were ketones and pyrroles, and the VOCs that mainly contribute to differentiate between process or groups of processes are: ethanone, 1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-furanmethanol, 4-vinylguayacol, 2-methylfuran, 2-butanone, 2,3-dimethylpyrazine, acetylpyrazine, 1-(2-furanylmethyl)-1H-pyrrole and 2,2'-bifuran. Within each fermentation process (between treatments) no differences were found from the final score of the sensory analysis, but differences were found from volatile profile.

Revista de Investigacion Agraria y Ambiental, 2013

Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2017

Lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) is an exotic fruit cultivated in Colombia. During ripening and sene... more Lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) is an exotic fruit cultivated in Colombia. During ripening and senescence, this climactic fruit undergoes biochemical processes that produce the volatiles responsible for its aroma. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the volatile content during the ripening and senescence of lulo. Analysis of the volatile composition of lulo harvested in each of its five ripening stages and during its senescence time when stored at 18 ± 2°C was performed using HS-SPME with GC-MS. Throughout ripening, the most notable change was the transformation of alcohols such as (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and 1-penten-3-ol to afford esters such as (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and ketones such as 1-penten-3-one. Some acids reacted with alcohols to produce acetate and hexanoate esters, concentrations which increased more than sixfold between stage one and five. Moreover, all the major compounds were C 6 straight chain compounds related to the lipoxygenase pathway. During senescence, majority of compounds were methyl esters, which increased in concentration consistently until day eight. Remarkably, the content of methyl butanoate increased from 0.9% of the total amount of volatiles on day two up to 76.4% on day eight. Some of these volatiles are probably contributors to the ''off flavor'' during senescence.

Chromatographia, 2016

sugar and amino acid metabolism that are linked with the function of cytochrome P450 in reductive... more sugar and amino acid metabolism that are linked with the function of cytochrome P450 in reductive dechlorination and oxidative stress. Keywords Organochlorine • Pesticides • Metabolite profiling • Biomarkers • Metabolomics Recent metabolomic studies in animal models exposed to OCPs showed that the main pathways affected were those related to amino acid and sugar metabolism. It was also found that increased glutamine and glutamate Abstract Gas chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry (GC/MS-TOF) was used to profile endogenous metabolites in HepG2 cell cultures to assess the metabolic changes induced by exposure to different organochlorine pesticides, their mixtures and controls (endosulfan, lindane, DDT and aldrin). Cells were cultured in DMEM with Glutamax at 37 °C with 5 % CO 2 for 72 h and then exposed to each pesticide, pesticide mixture or DMSO (as a control) for 24 h, and finally, endogenous metabolites were extracted and analyzed using GC/ MS-TOF. The experiment was repeated six times under the same cell passage and culture conditions. PCA, PLS-DA and ROC were performed to analyze the GC/MS-TOF data and identify potential biomarkers. Thirty-five explanatory metabolites were found in both PCA and PLS-DA models, where Q 2 was 0.86 and R 2 was 0.98. Univariate and multivariate ROC showed potential biomarkers for each treatment, suggesting a general toxic mechanism for organochlorine pesticides that is specific for each type of compound. These results confirmed the effect of OCPs in Published in the topical collection 5th Latin American Pesticide Residue Workshop with guest editor Steven J. Lehotay.

Revista De La Universidad De Caldas, 2004

La electroquimica se define clasicamente como la ciencia que trata los cambios quimicos producido... more La electroquimica se define clasicamente como la ciencia que trata los cambios quimicos producidos por la corriente electrica, y de la produccion de electricidad mediante la energia de reacciones quimicas. La electrocoagulacion es una tecnica electroquimica que se perfila como una alternativa de solucion ambiental en las industrias. El presete trabajo consisio en diseñar, construir y poner en funcionamiento un reactor de electrocoagulacion que permita tratar un agua residual de origen industrial en continuo sin necesidad de almacenar estos dsechos y tratarlos conforme se van generando; en ese proceso se remueve materia orgánica y metales pesados. Para la evaluación y optimización del proceso electroquimico en dinàmico se ha trabajado con un sisema modelo de agua residual, del ual se conoce su composiciòn y nos permite valorar la eficiencia de la remociòn en estàtico con un agua residual proveniente de la quebrada Manizales. Se observó que a bajos voltajes los porcentajes de remoción de metales y materia orgánica han aumentado, esta ultima se determina con el analisis de la demanda quimia de oxigeno (DQO) antes y despues del tratamiento, demostrandose que la electrocoagulacion ha sido eficiente tanto en estàtico como en dinámico, aunque en dinámico los porcentajes de remocion han sido menores, los volumenes tratados por unidad de tiempo han sido mayores.

Revista De La Universidad De Caldas, 2004

Bragantia, 2020

Tomato is considered a fruit with a high food demand across the world due to its high antioxidant... more Tomato is considered a fruit with a high food demand across the world due to its high antioxidant capacity. Lycopene content in tomato has been widely studied, particularly in cherry-type tomatoes which are considered a high source of lycopene for humans. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in terms of concentration and variation of diverse physicochemical parameters of quality (acidity, vitamin C, pH, °Brix, color coordinates L*, a* and b*) and, antioxidants like β-carotene and lycopene in 11 accessions of cherry-type tomatoes, considering the advantages of antioxidants for human health. Multicriteria analysis and other tests showed substantial differences among the accessions. IAC401 was associated with the best physicochemical characteristics of a promissory cherry-type tomato for cultivation due to its association with functional food, followed by IAC426R and IAC1624. This study allowed an innovative association of physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant contents of cherry-type tomatoes through multicriteria analyses which enable the analysis, elimination, and proposal of promising accessions for their use in future crops which will promote the best intrinsic features of tomato to be used in the studied region. In this case accessions with the highest scores offer not only optimum amounts of antioxidants and highest levels of organic acids and sugars.

African Journal of Biotechnology, 2017

The genus Gluconacetobacter comprises different species with agricultural and industrial importan... more The genus Gluconacetobacter comprises different species with agricultural and industrial importance. This study aims at determining the presence of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and Gluconacetobacter sacchari in sugarcane and tomato crops considering their potential biotechnological applications. Bacteria were isolated from roots, stems and leaf tissues and identified using phenotypic and biochemical evaluations, and molecular and phylogenetic analyses. Isolates were characterized by the production of indolic compounds, nitrogenase activity and phosphate solubilization. For this, G. diazotrophicus ATCC 49037 was used as the reference strain. The results showed that all isolates of native G. diazotrophicus exhibited equal or better phosphate solubilization index (SI) for CaCO 3 and AlPO 4 than reference strain. For G. sacchari, GIBI031 isolate displayed better SI for both phosphate sources and GIBI014 isolate had better SI only for AlPO 4. G. diazotrophicus GIBI029 had a greater production of indolic compounds than ATCC 49037 strain in the presence of tryptophan. All isolates except G sacchari GIBI031, showed better nitrogenase activity than the control. These results constitute the first report confirming the presence of G. diazotrophicus and G. sacchari associated with sugarcane in Colombia. In addition, this is the first report on the presence of G. sacchari in tomato under natural conditions. Finally, one G. sacchari isolate presented nitrogenase activity despite the fact that this is a differential characteristic between G. diazotrophicus and G. sacchari. These findings have ecological significance and will advance research towards the evaluation of plant-soil interactions involving these bacteria in crops other than sugarcane. The isolates found are potential candidates for the development of novel biotechnological processes for production of new alternative biofertilizers considering the significant plant-growth promotion properties determined in this work.

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, Feb 1, 2021

The challenges faced on pesticide extraction from biological samples are finding a method that al... more The challenges faced on pesticide extraction from biological samples are finding a method that allows a multi-residue extraction, pre-concentration, clean-up, and isolation of analytes in just one step. In this sense, the hollow fiber - liquid phase microextraction method (HF- LPME) in the "solvent bar" mode was used to optimize and validate a method for pesticide multi-residue analysis in blood plasma at trace levels, through gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Hollow fiber solvent bar microextraction HF-SBME was carried out with octanol immobilized into the pores of hydrophobic polypropylene fiber and disposed within a matrix of blood plasma, spiked with a mixture of pesticides (monocrotophos, lindane, aldrin, methyl parathion, endosulfan, dieldrin, DDD, DDT, and endrin). The optimization parameters evaluated were: extraction temperature and time, stirring speed, and salt concentration. A principal component analysis was performed to visualize the analytes' behaviour based on their explained variance, and then, a Box-Behnken analysis was generated to identify the optimum parameters. According to the PCA, all pesticides showed similar responses to the extraction method and the response of dieldrin exhibit the lowest variance. Moreover, the stationary points selected from the Box-Behnken analysis were 25.5 °C for the extraction temperature, 870 rpm for stirring speed, 16 min for extraction time, and 8.3 % w/v of salt concentration. Moreover, the validation results proved that HF-SBME is an alternative technique for pesticide multi-residue extraction in blood plasma. The analytes were able to concentrate, reaching 46 fold enrichment. The solvent type, sample and solvent volume were narrowed down without changing the method's precision or accuracy. The relative standard deviation was under 10 %, and the recovery was between 55 % and 105 % for the different analytes excepting lindane, which had lower recovery (27 %). The detection limits were 0.02 until 0.13 µg mL-1 for most of the pesticides used. Finally, HF-SBME is a good alternative for pesticide multi-residue extraction in complex matrices like plasma.

Revista Científica del Centro de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Científico de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Aug 31, 2016

Estudio de la degradación de fenol sobre catalizador de arcilla pilarizada Degradation study of p... more Estudio de la degradación de fenol sobre catalizador de arcilla pilarizada Degradation study of phenol on pillared clay catalyst Estudo da degradação de fenol sobre catalisador de argila suportada

Revista Colombiana de Química, Sep 1, 2014

Revista Colombiana de Química, Sep 1, 2014

Abstract Human intestinal mucus essentially consists of a network of Mucin2 glycoproteins embedde... more Abstract Human intestinal mucus essentially consists of a network of Mucin2 glycoproteins embedded in many lower molecular weight proteins. This paper contributes to the proteomic study of human intestinal mucus by comparing two sample collection methods (transanal irrigation and brush cytology during proctosigmoidoscopy) and analysis techniques (electrophoresis and digestion in solution). The entire sample collection and treatment process is explained, including protein extraction, digestion and desalination and peptide characterisation using a nanoAcquity UPLC chromatograph coupled to an HDMS spectrometer equipped with a nanoESI source. Collecting mucus via transanal irrigation provided a larger sample volume and protein concentration from a single patient. The proctosigmoidoscopy sample could be analysed via digestion in solution after depleting albumin. The analysis indicates that a simple mucus lysis method can evaluate the electrophoresis and digestion in solution techniques. Studying human intestinal mucus complexes is important because they perform two essential survival functions for humans as the first biochemical and physical defences for the gastrointestinal tract and a habitat for intestinal microbiota, which are primarily hosted in the colon and exceeds the human genetic information and cell number 100- and 10-fold (1).

Scientia Horticulturae, 2021

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most commercialized and studied fruit due to its nutritio... more Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most commercialized and studied fruit due to its nutritional contribution to human diet. Compared to other taxa of agricultural interest, tomato has a relatively high genetic variation, withholding a significant amount of diversity in its wild accessions. One of the most valued cultivars is known as "cherry type". Cherry excels in flavor and aroma traits as compared to commercial cultivars. We compared 10 wild cherry tomato accessions based on their sensorial and chemical characteristics to determine ideal mating partners that will increase crop benefits. Accessions were rated as important based on high levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) both carotenoid-derived and phenylpropanoids, high rating in a sensory profile, high concentrations of lycopene, β-carotene and ideal physicochemical parameters (i.e., total acidity, vitamin C, pH, soluble solids, and color). Significant differences between accessions were evident. Non-red tomato fruits are not ideal partners because they do not have superior physicochemical parameters. Furthermore, low sensory profile scores and absence of VOCs are associated with flavor of non-red tomatoes. In conclusion, LA1480, IAC1624 and IAC401 accessions are the most promising for future breeding. We propose promising material of wild cherry tomato fruits based on commercial interest, taste, aroma, VOCs, and nutritional requirements to have the fruit regarded as a functional food.

Revista De La Universidad De Caldas, 2003

Biomedicine, Apr 2, 2021

Polyphenols are attributed to multiple biological activities that provide nutritional and therape... more Polyphenols are attributed to multiple biological activities that provide nutritional and therapeutical benefits. The present paper is a descriptive review focused on polyphenolic chemical structural aspects contributing to explain biological and biochemical functions offered by these phytochemicals. Element conformation differences, ring modifications, the presence of specific functional groups, and the tridimensional chemical arrangement are fundamental to explain specific effects presented by polyphenols. The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of polyphenols suggest that basic chemical reactions and element reorganization are important in understanding their function, well-known polyphenols such as quercetin, curcumin, and catechin have been evaluated in multiple studies. Moreover, anti-bacterial and anti-viral activities have been proven to be dependent on hydroxylation, methoxylation, and alkylation of several polyphenol ring components. Polyphenols extracted from tea, like catechins, proved to inhibit efficiently hepatitis C, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses. They have also acted as promising prophylactic and therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2. Epicatechin extracted from the hawthorn tree showed antiviral activity on several bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The inclusion of these natural components in daily diets is of primary nutritional benefit and importance in the prevention of several diseases.

Universidad EAN eBooks, Aug 11, 2021

Coffee Science

The coffee fermentation process has been established as a determining stage regarding its quality... more The coffee fermentation process has been established as a determining stage regarding its quality and aroma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences that exist between five fermentation processes and within each process (at different fermentation times) based on their volatile and sensory profile. The processes evaluated were dry or natural (NA), semi-dry or honey (HO), and three variations of the wet process, called: conventional aerobic (CA), aerobic with previous fermentation in cherry (AFC) and anaerobic with previous fermentation in cherry (ANFC). The NA process obtained the highest score (86.63) in the sensory profile and statistically different from the other processes, followed by the process HO (84.79), ANFC (84.24), CA (84.21) and AFC (83.63). The volatile profile was determined by headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fifty-one volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were tentatively identified. The main chemical families that allowed differentiating between groups of processes were ketones and pyrroles, and the VOCs that mainly contribute to differentiate between process or groups of processes are: ethanone, 1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-furanmethanol, 4-vinylguayacol, 2-methylfuran, 2-butanone, 2,3-dimethylpyrazine, acetylpyrazine, 1-(2-furanylmethyl)-1H-pyrrole and 2,2'-bifuran. Within each fermentation process (between treatments) no differences were found from the final score of the sensory analysis, but differences were found from volatile profile.

Revista de Investigacion Agraria y Ambiental, 2013

Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2017

Lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) is an exotic fruit cultivated in Colombia. During ripening and sene... more Lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) is an exotic fruit cultivated in Colombia. During ripening and senescence, this climactic fruit undergoes biochemical processes that produce the volatiles responsible for its aroma. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the volatile content during the ripening and senescence of lulo. Analysis of the volatile composition of lulo harvested in each of its five ripening stages and during its senescence time when stored at 18 ± 2°C was performed using HS-SPME with GC-MS. Throughout ripening, the most notable change was the transformation of alcohols such as (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and 1-penten-3-ol to afford esters such as (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and ketones such as 1-penten-3-one. Some acids reacted with alcohols to produce acetate and hexanoate esters, concentrations which increased more than sixfold between stage one and five. Moreover, all the major compounds were C 6 straight chain compounds related to the lipoxygenase pathway. During senescence, majority of compounds were methyl esters, which increased in concentration consistently until day eight. Remarkably, the content of methyl butanoate increased from 0.9% of the total amount of volatiles on day two up to 76.4% on day eight. Some of these volatiles are probably contributors to the ''off flavor'' during senescence.

Chromatographia, 2016

sugar and amino acid metabolism that are linked with the function of cytochrome P450 in reductive... more sugar and amino acid metabolism that are linked with the function of cytochrome P450 in reductive dechlorination and oxidative stress. Keywords Organochlorine • Pesticides • Metabolite profiling • Biomarkers • Metabolomics Recent metabolomic studies in animal models exposed to OCPs showed that the main pathways affected were those related to amino acid and sugar metabolism. It was also found that increased glutamine and glutamate Abstract Gas chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry (GC/MS-TOF) was used to profile endogenous metabolites in HepG2 cell cultures to assess the metabolic changes induced by exposure to different organochlorine pesticides, their mixtures and controls (endosulfan, lindane, DDT and aldrin). Cells were cultured in DMEM with Glutamax at 37 °C with 5 % CO 2 for 72 h and then exposed to each pesticide, pesticide mixture or DMSO (as a control) for 24 h, and finally, endogenous metabolites were extracted and analyzed using GC/ MS-TOF. The experiment was repeated six times under the same cell passage and culture conditions. PCA, PLS-DA and ROC were performed to analyze the GC/MS-TOF data and identify potential biomarkers. Thirty-five explanatory metabolites were found in both PCA and PLS-DA models, where Q 2 was 0.86 and R 2 was 0.98. Univariate and multivariate ROC showed potential biomarkers for each treatment, suggesting a general toxic mechanism for organochlorine pesticides that is specific for each type of compound. These results confirmed the effect of OCPs in Published in the topical collection 5th Latin American Pesticide Residue Workshop with guest editor Steven J. Lehotay.

Revista De La Universidad De Caldas, 2004

La electroquimica se define clasicamente como la ciencia que trata los cambios quimicos producido... more La electroquimica se define clasicamente como la ciencia que trata los cambios quimicos producidos por la corriente electrica, y de la produccion de electricidad mediante la energia de reacciones quimicas. La electrocoagulacion es una tecnica electroquimica que se perfila como una alternativa de solucion ambiental en las industrias. El presete trabajo consisio en diseñar, construir y poner en funcionamiento un reactor de electrocoagulacion que permita tratar un agua residual de origen industrial en continuo sin necesidad de almacenar estos dsechos y tratarlos conforme se van generando; en ese proceso se remueve materia orgánica y metales pesados. Para la evaluación y optimización del proceso electroquimico en dinàmico se ha trabajado con un sisema modelo de agua residual, del ual se conoce su composiciòn y nos permite valorar la eficiencia de la remociòn en estàtico con un agua residual proveniente de la quebrada Manizales. Se observó que a bajos voltajes los porcentajes de remoción de metales y materia orgánica han aumentado, esta ultima se determina con el analisis de la demanda quimia de oxigeno (DQO) antes y despues del tratamiento, demostrandose que la electrocoagulacion ha sido eficiente tanto en estàtico como en dinámico, aunque en dinámico los porcentajes de remocion han sido menores, los volumenes tratados por unidad de tiempo han sido mayores.

Revista De La Universidad De Caldas, 2004