Alejandro Chacón-Villalobos | Universidad de Costa Rica (original) (raw)
Papers by Alejandro Chacón-Villalobos
Este estudio busco establecer las caracteristicas tecnico-productivas del sector caprinocultor co... more Este estudio busco establecer las caracteristicas tecnico-productivas del sector caprinocultor costarricense, abordando 313 productores en todo el pais. Se utilizo una herramienta de diagnostico que considero la sociografia de los productores, las razas existentes, el manejo nutricional, reproductivo, y sanitario, la obtencion y manejo de la leche, su transformacion en productos derivados, su comercializacion y las percepciones de los productores hacia el sector. La actividad caprina reflejo componentes multifactoriales de dificil generalizacion. La mayoria de los hatos se localizan en la provincia de Alajuela, y estan conformados mayoritariamente por animales de la raza Saanen. Los productores son principalmente hombres, de una escolaridad media y que usualmente no estan agremiados. Estos suelen recurrir a practicas zootecnicas muy basicas que emulan sin mayor acierto las de especies mayores. El nivel educativo y la contratacion de mano de obra externa, fueron los aspectos mas rela...
Agronomía Mesoamericana, 2022
Introducción. La caracterización y diversificación de los productos lácteos caprinos es muy impor... more Introducción. La caracterización y diversificación de los productos lácteos caprinos es muy importante para fortalecer a este incipiente sector productivo. Objetivo. Comparar las características fisicoquímicas y sensoriales de leches bovinas y caprinas enteras, descremadas y deslactosadas, así como de sus combinaciones. Materiales y métodos. En San José, Costa Rica, entre enero y diciembre del 2015 se evaluaron los contenidos de grasa (G), sólidos no grasos (SNG), acidez, proteína, densidad, pH, viscosidad y color de los tipos de leches citadas. Además, se efectuó un análisis sensorial descriptivo genérico y pruebas de agrado general. Resultados. La leche caprina entera presentó valores mayores de SNG, densidad y acidez, y menor pH, fue más blanca que la bovina y con una viscosidad similar. El proceso de deslactosado no afectó la viscosidad. Este factor interactuó con el tipo de leche, pero ninguno afectó los contenidos de grasa y proteína. Existió una interacción entre el tipo de leche y las modificaciones aplicadas para los parámetros de color. Los panelistas detectaron diferencias significativas para todos los atributos en los productos con excepción del aroma a ácido. Se estableció la presencia de tres conglomerados para la prueba de agrado compuestos por el 37,4 %, 28,8 % y 34,5 % de los jueces. El primero y segundo presentaron una preferencia por la leche entera y entera-deslactosada de vaca y, el tercero, por leche de cabra entera y entera-deslactosada de vaca y de cabra. El menor agrado general fue para las muestras tanto descremadas como deslactosadas bovinas y caprinas. Conclusiones. Los procesos de deslactosado y descremado modificaron la leche a nivel fisicoquímico, las leches de cabra con mayor agrado fueron las enteras y enteras-deslactosadas; el menor agrado general fue por las leches descremadas-deslactosadas en ambas especies.
Introduction. The characterization and diversification of goat dairy products is very important to strengthen this incipient productive sector. Objective. To compare the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of whole, skimmed and lactose-free cow and goat milks, as well as their combinations. Materials and methods. In San Jose, Costa Rica, between January and December of 2015, the contents of fat (F), non-fatty solids (NFS), acidity, protein, density, pH, viscosity, and color of the types of milk mentioned were evaluated. Also, a generic descriptive sensory analysis and a general liking test were carried out. Results. Whole goat milk presented higher values of NFS, density and acidity, and lower pH, being whiter than bovine milk, with a similar viscosity. The removal of lactose did not affect viscosity; this factor interacted with the type of milk, but did not affect the fat and protein contents. There was an interaction between the type of milk and the modifications made for the color parameters. The panelists detected significant differences for all the attributes in the products except for the acid aroma. The presence of three clusters was established for the liking test, composed by 37.4 %, 28.8 %, and 34.5 % of the judges. The first and second showed a preference for whole and whole lactose-free cow’s milk and the third for whole and whole-lactose-free cow’s and goat’s milk. The lowest overall liking was for both skimmed and lactose-free bovine and goat samples. Conclusions. The skimming and lactose removal process modified the milk at the physicochemical level, the goat milks with the highest liking were whole and whole lactose-free; the lowest overall liking was for those skimmed-lactose-free in both species.
Agronomía Mesoamericana, 2022
Resumen: Introducción. La leche de cabra es un producto de muy alto valor nutracéutico y alimen... more Resumen: Introducción. La leche de cabra es un producto de muy alto valor nutracéutico y alimenticio, en torno al cual no hay una cultura de consumo establecida en varios países, por lo que su empleo en el desarrollo de nuevos productos es prometedor. Objetivo. Definir el efecto de diferentes proporciones de leche caprina y bovina sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas y sensoriales de leches saborizadas. Materiales y métodos. Se formularon leches saborizadas de tres sabores diferentes con cinco niveles de inclusión de leche caprina y bovina (0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, 100 %). Para estas se evaluaron el pH, acidez total, color instrumental (parámetros L*, b* y a*) y viscosidad, así como el agrado general, por medio de un panel con 110 jueces. Resultados. Al aumentar la proporción de leche caprina se registró en muchos de los casos, una disminución de pH y un aumento en la acidez en todas las muestras, así como un aumento en la viscosidad de las leches chocolatadas. El color en cada formulación no mostró diferencias en los parámetros a* y b* y L*, al variar las proporciones de leches. El análisis sensorial generó tres conglomerados de panelistas (15,5 %, 48,1 % y 36,4 %). Conclusión. La leche saborizada de fresa con una relación de leche bovina/leche caprina al 50 %, fue la que presentó la mejor combinación de parámetros fisicoquímicos y sensoriales.
Abstract: Introduction. Goat's milk is a product of very high nutritional and nutraceutical value, around which there is no established culture of consumption in several countries, so its use in the development of new products is promising. Objective. Define the effect of different proportions of goat and bovine milk on the physicochemical and sensory properties of flavored milk. Materials and methods. Flavored milks of three different flavors were formulated with 5 inclusion levels of goat and bovine milk (0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, 100 %). For these, the pH, total acidity, instrumental color (parameters L *, b * and a *) and viscosity were evaluated, as well as the general satisfaction by means of a panel with 110 judges. Results. As the proportion of goat milk increased, a decrease in pH and an increase in acidity were recorded in a lot of samples, as well as an increase in the viscosity of the chocolate milks. The color in each formulation did not show differences in the parameters a * and b * and L * when varying the proportions of milk. The sensory analysis generated three clusters of panelists (15.5 %, 48.1 %, and 36.4 %). Conclusions. Strawberry flavored milk with a 50 % bovine milk / caprine milk ratio was the one that presented the best combination of physicochemical and sensory parameters.
Nutrición Animal Tropical, 2021
Resumen: El sector coturnicultor costarricense está en proceso de desarrollo; aún no se han docu... more Resumen:
El sector coturnicultor costarricense está en proceso de desarrollo; aún no se han documentado en la literatura aspectos productivos, económicos, de mercado o comercialización asociados al mismo. El objetivo de este trabajo es generar información sobre la comercialización y el consumo del huevo de codorniz en Costa Rica. La investigación tuvo lugar entre enero y diciembre del 2019 en la Gran Área Metropolitana costarricense. Se realizaron consultas a 14 productores con respecto al entorno comercial, a la vez que se evaluaron las pautas de consumo de huevo de codorniz en una muestra de 300 personas. La mayoría de los productores (10) se dedican a la producción exclusiva de huevo en sistemas productivos que mayoritariamente no superan las 200 aves (11), principalmente alojadas en jaulas artesanales (10), y donde el uso de registros productivos no se ha implementado (11). Se emplea esencialmente alimento para gallinas de producción (13), sin distinción de la etapa productiva del ave (11), sin un manejo reproductivo en seis de los casos o bien empleando cruces consanguíneos (5). El huevo se comercializa principalmente en empaques de 24 huevos ($2,42 por empaque) y en conservas de 200 g ($2,5). En términos de compra, la mayoría de los consumidores expresó no adquirir el huevo de codorniz (74%), siendo el consumo esporádico aún entre quienes si lo obtienen (51,4% una vez al mes). La presentación preferida de compra es el huevo fresco empacado (46,8%), que es preparado principalmente como huevo duro hervido (66,2%). La producción y consumo de huevo de codorniz en Costa Rica se encuentra poco tecnificada y diversificada, lo cual concuerda con un perfil de productores pequeños y un bajo consumo.
Abstract:
Consumption and sale of quail eggs in Costa Rica. The Costa Rican coturniculture sector is yet in development. Production, economic or marketing aspects associated with the activity have not been previously documented in the existing literature. The objective of this study is to generate information about marketing and consumption patterns of quail eggs in Costa Rica. The investigation took place between January and December 2019 in the Greater Costa Rican Metropolitan Area. Survey was applied to 14 producers evaluating the commercial environment, while the consumption patterns of quail egg were evaluated in a sample of 300 people. Most of the producers (10) are dedicated to the exclusive production of eggs mostly in farms that do not exceed 200 birds (11), mainly housed in artisanal cages (10), where the use of production records has not been implemented (11). They essentially use poultry feed (13) without distinction of the productive stage of the bird (11), without reproductive management in six of the cases, or using consanguineous crosses (5). The egg is sold mainly in packages of 24 units ($2.42 each package) and canned 200 g ($2.5). In terms of purchase, most consumers expressed that they don´t purchase quail eggs (74%), with sporadic consumption even among those who do obtain it (51.4% once a month). When purchased, the preferred presentation the fresh packaged egg (46.8%) and is prepared mainly as hardboiled egg (66.2%). The production and consumption of quail eggs in Costa Rica is low-tech and low diversified, which is consistent with a profile of small producers and low consumption patterns.
UNED Research Journal
Introducción: Entender cómo afectan la calidad del huevo las condiciones productivas, los sistema... more Introducción: Entender cómo afectan la calidad del huevo las condiciones productivas, los sistemas de alojamiento, el bienestar animal, la edad del ave y la genética es importante para la toma de decisiones futuras al producir huevo en Costa Rica. Objetivo: Describir los rendimientos productivos, la morfología y microbiología del huevo de aves con diferentes genéticas, en jaula convencional, sistema de piso y sistema con acceso a pastoreo. Métodos: Se estudió para dos rangos de edad el comportamiento productivo de las aves y la morfología del huevo proveniente de tres granjas con alojamiento en piso, jaula convencional y pastoreo, contemplando aves de dos líneas genéticas (Novogen y Hy-line Brown), del cruce Sex Link y de la raza Rhode Island Red. Se determinó el porcentaje de producción, consumo de alimento de ave por día, mortalidad acumulada y porcentaje de huevo sucio. Se registraron los pesos de huevo, de yema, del albumen y de cáscara; así como el índice morfológico, el índice...
Agronomía Mesoamericana, 2015
agronomía …, 2007
Agronomía Mesoamericana Universidad de Costa Rica pccmca@cariari.ucr.ac.cr ISSN (Versión impresa)... more Agronomía Mesoamericana Universidad de Costa Rica pccmca@cariari.ucr.ac.cr ISSN (Versión impresa): 1021-7444 COSTA RICA ... 2007 Wendy Natalia Rojas Castro / Alejandro Chacón Villalobos / María Lourdes Pineda Castro CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL YOGURT BATIDO ...
Bovine dairy and goat milk perceptions among students of the University of Costa Rica. Our object... more Bovine dairy and goat milk perceptions among students of the University of Costa Rica. Our objective was to establish meaningful differences between age, gender, exercise practice and consumption habits and its interactions among students of the University of Costa Rica. The knowledge and the perception of goat milk among these persons were studied as well. In September 2005 a study devoted to understand consumer habits related to dairy products took place among 506 students (272 women and 234 men between 17 and 26 years) using the random interview technique to profile age, gender, exercise, most consumed products, quality demanded and overall knowledge about goat milk. Coded data were evaluated using the chi square test. The population age ranged 90% between 18 and 24 years. Milk (38.1%), cheese (14.2%) and yogurt (9.9%) were the most consumed products, which are usually bought at supermarkets (59.5%). About 64.5% of the population consumes dairy products on a daily basis but 28.3%...
Nutricion Animal Tropical, 2021
ABSTRACT Every day, the national sheep sector is in search of improving the quality of meat produ... more ABSTRACT Every day, the national sheep sector is in search of improving the quality of meat produced, however, in this industry there is no standard classification system for sheep carcasses in the country. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphometric characteristics of sheep carcasses in order to generate a practical visual tool that allows the conceptualization of a standardized commercial carcass model for the Costa Rican market. The investigation took place between January and December 2019, in three sheep processing plants, located in Las Nubes de Coronado, Balsa de Atenas and Miramar de Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Ninety five carcasses of different breeds, ages and origins were sampled, measuring live weight, hot carcass, carcass performance, sex, dental age, muscular conformation, thickness of back fat in hot and cold carcasses, and fat coverage. Meat samples and photographs were taken for analysis. On average, the carcasses had a live weight of 38.3 kg, the hot carcass weighed 17.2 kg, the yield was 45 % and the subcutaneous fat thickness was 7.1 mm. When quantifying color with the CIELab scale, averages of 40.57 (L*), 13.12 (a*) and 17.32 (b*) were obtained. When associating age with the results, a low negative correlation was obtained for L* (r=-0.32) and b* (r=-0.215), and a low positive correlation for a * (r=0.04). The difference between the thickness of the fat in hot and cold carcasses in 18.9 % of the total carcasses was 0.18cm on average. Then a linear regression was performed (R2=0.79); however, the sample is small. A visual tool made up of three dimensions was proposed using the hot carcass, thickness and fat coverage, consisting of a guide to improve the final product and as a standardized model of carcasses for exportation. RESUMEN Cada día, el sector ovino nacional está en búsqueda de mejorar la calidad de carne producida; sin embargo, en esta industria del país no existe un sistema de clasificación estándar para las canales ovinas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las características morfométricas de canales ovinas para generar una herramienta visual práctica que permita conceptualizar un modelo estandarizado de canal comercial para el mercado costarricense. La investigación tuvo lugar entre enero y diciembre del 2019, en tres plantas de procesamiento de ovinos, ubicadas en Las Nubes de Coronado, Balsa de Atenas y en Miramar de Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Se muestrearon 95 canales de distintas razas, edades y procedencias; midiendo peso vivo, canal caliente, rendimiento en canal, sexo, edad dentaria, conformación muscular, grosor de grasa dorsal en canales calientes y frías, y cobertura de grasa. Se tomaron muestras de carne y fotografías para su análisis. En promedio, los animales presentaron un peso vivo de 38,3 kg al sacrificio, la canal caliente pesó 17,2 kg, el rendimiento a canal fue de 45 % y grosor de grasa subcutánea de 7,1 mm. Al cuantificar color con la escala CIELab, se obtuvieron promedios de 40,57 (L*), 13,12 (a*) y 17,32 (b*). Al asociar la edad con los resultados, se obtuvo una correlación baja y negativa para L* (r=-0.32) y b* (r=-0.215), y no se encontró asociación con a* (r=0.04). La diferencia entre el “grosor de grasa” en canales calientes y frías en el 18,9 % del total de canales fue de 0,18 cm en promedio. Luego se realizó una regresión lineal (R2=0.79); no obstante, la muestra es pequeña. Se propuso una herramienta visual conformada por tres dimensiones utilizando la canal caliente, el grosor y la cobertura de grasa, constituyéndose en una guía para mejorar el producto final y como modelo estandarizado de canales para exportación.
Nutrición Animal Tropical, 2021
Antinutritional compounds in plants can be associated with an effect on both livestock and human ... more Antinutritional compounds in plants can be associated with an effect on both livestock and human health, through the consumption of derived products. The ptachyloside contained in Pteridium caudatum (L.) Maxon ferns is an example. The objective of this research was to assess the consumption of Pteridium by dairy cattle and quantify the content of ptachyloside in milk. Two dairy farms located in Coto Brus, Puntarenas, were evaluated, from January through July 2019. The breeds utilized in both farms consisted of a multiracial pattern of Holstein, Jersey and Simbrah crosses. Biomass yields in grazing paddocks were 1.4-2.3 ton DM/ha for Brachiaria humidicola and 1.7-1.9 ton DM/ha for Brachiaria brizantha. The soils were andisols with a pH of 6.3, acidity of 0.13 cmol (+)/L and 0.15 cmol (+)/L, CICE of 12.52 cmol (+)/L and 9.48 cmol (+)/L and with a coverage percentage of fern Pteridium caudatum (L) Maxon of 15-19% and 13-15%, in farms 1 and 2 respectively. In both farms, livestock showed a greater preference for consumption of the fern in early phenological stages, which also contained higher amounts of ptachyloside (253-1138 mg/Kg/DM), expressed as pterosin B. The content of ptachyloside found in milk (0.39-0.91 mg/L) in this study, is indirect evidence of consumption from livestock. The presence of Pteridium in pastures grazed by lactating cows must be controlled to avoid its potential transference to dairy products.
Población y Salud en Mesoamérica, 2021
Objective: to analyze the validity of the factorial structure for a questionnaire adapted from th... more Objective: to analyze the validity of the factorial structure for a questionnaire adapted from the Preschooler Feeding Questionnaire (PFQ) with subscales associated with control and parental pressure when eating. Methodology: a questionnaire was prepared with 11 items expressed with “Likert” type scales and grouped into two subscales: “maternal pressure when eating” and “maternal control when eating”. This was evaluated with 50 mothers, subsequently carrying out a factor analysis to identify the underlying factorial structure, evaluating the reliability with Cronbach's α and using a principal components extraction with a Varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization. A confirmatory factor analysis was subsequently performed with 430 mothers. Descriptive statistics studied both “control” and “pressure” parental practices, while an SEM model assessed the existence of causal relationships between BMI, child gender and these practices. Results: a factorial structure of two scales was validated, “Control” and “Pressure”, each composed of three items (x2 = 187.3, df. = 116, x2 / df. = 1.62, CFI = 0.998, GFI = 0.991, AGFI = 0.983, NFI = 0.994, IFI = 0.998, and RMSEA = 0.018). No causal relationship was established between these factors with the BMI or the gender of the infants, both factors being greater than the average. Conclusion: The adaptation of the questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool of future utility in the study of parental nutritional practices.
Población y Salud en Mesoamérica, 2021
Objective: to establish and analyze patterns of consumption of meat and meat products in students... more Objective: to establish and analyze patterns of consumption of meat and meat products in students of the University of Costa Rica. Methodology: a basic study of the profile of the university consumer was carried out using a survey with 499 students (268 women and 231 men, between 16 and 29 years old), evaluating age, biological sex, consumption habits, type of meat preferred and most consumed meat product, reasons for purchase and places where they buy. Chi square evaluations, factorial ANOVAS and descriptive statistical analysis were used as statistical tests. Results: poultry is the most consumed meat (96.5%), followed by beef (91.9%). The consumption of meat is a daily habit for 23.2% of the students, while 17.6% consumes it at least 3 times a week. Good taste (84% of the cases) is the main reason for consumption above the nutritional value (51.9%). A majority do not participate in the purchase of meat (52.7%), preferring those who do the supermarkets (45%). The perceived quality is the main criterion for selecting the product, as well as the confidence in the place where they buy. About 87.0% consume sausages regularly, being more usual a frequency of 1 to 2 times a week (49.8%). Wet cured ham (89,0%) and wieners (83,0%) were the most frequently consumed, with no commercial brand predilection in 49.5% of the cases. Conclusion: around 96.4% of the students regularly consume meat and derived products, being those who decline mainly vegans. No relationship of these practices with the age and sex was established.
UNED Research Journal, 2021
ABSTRACT. "Effect of hen housing (free-range, free cage, and cage) on fatty acids, consumption, a... more ABSTRACT. "Effect of hen housing (free-range, free cage, and cage) on fatty acids, consumption, and consumer perception of the eggs. lntroduction: At a global level, consumer concern is growing for animal welfare, including hen housing in the production of eggs. Objectives: To assess the effect of hen housing conditions on sorne egg characteristics. Methods: The study was done in Costa Rica. We made a standard fatty acid profile analysis of 30 eggs, randomly selected from each housing system. We also surveyed 777 habitual egg consumers about their purchase and consumption habits, and applied a sensory test to 108 panelists. Results: The polyunsaturated fatty acids / saturated fatty acids ratios were 0.58, O.SS and 0.51 for the free-range, free cage and cage system, respectively. In the sensory panel, 40 % of the panelists were grouped for their greater general liking towards the sample, with preference for the free-range eggs. Slightly over half (55 %) of the sampled population was unaware of the egg production systems. Conclusion: The acid ratio of these Costa Rican eggs is labeled as "healthy food" and nearly half of the surveyed population is unaware of the egg production systems.
Nutrición Animal Tropical, 2019
Este estudio fue realizado entre los años 2017 y 2018. Se buscó establecer las características té... more Este estudio fue realizado entre los años 2017 y 2018. Se buscó establecer las características técnicas y productivas del sector industrializador costarricense de la leche caprina, por medio del estudio de 10 emprendimientos en todo el país. Se utilizó una herramienta de diagnóstico que consideró la sociografía de los productores, el origen y manejo de la leche, las condiciones operativas de las instalaciones, buenas prácticas de manufactura, productos lácteos manufacturados y su comercialización, así como las percepciones de los productores hacia el sector. Se documentaron aspectos como las características socioeconómicas de los productores, la experiencia en el sector, el rol de la actividad caprina dentro de su economía, la infraestructura de sus plantas de producción, los productos manufacturados y las prácticas de gestión administrativa. Se estableció que los emprendimientos industrializadores necesitan implementar acciones de mejora en diferentes áreas técnicas, administrativa...
Revista e-Agronegocios
Se efectuó una caracterización de la estructura organizacional y de los principales procesos de u... more Se efectuó una caracterización de la estructura organizacional y de los principales procesos de un centro de investigaciones público en producción animal dedicado a desarrollar proyectos de investigación agropecuaria, con el objetivo de establecer un marco de referencia que facilite la definición y eventual implementación de una oficina de proyectos adaptable a su quehacer académico.
Nutrición Animal Tropical, 2015
Agronomía Mesoamericana, 2015
Agronomía Mesoamericana, 2015
Agronomía Mesoamericana, 2005
Actualidades Investigativas en Educación, 2011
This paper review describes the innate sensorialperception of the children towards foo... more This paper review describes the innate sensorialperception of the children towards foods, as well as the processes by means of which this perception modifies and enriches through the interaction and the exposure to food during the first five years of life. It evaluates, in addition, the importance of the affective and social frame in which this formative process occurs. The spaces and contexts in which the foods are both consumed and promoted, the degree of imposed discipline, and the level of self-determination allowed to the minors, have altogether animpact that lasts throughout the entire lifespan of the human being. For this reason, a suitable management of the sensorial experiences oriented to generate positive impressions at the home and at the classroom, is of great importance for both educators and parents. Food neophobia and aversion, as well as the roll of mass media are also explained complementarily.
Este estudio busco establecer las caracteristicas tecnico-productivas del sector caprinocultor co... more Este estudio busco establecer las caracteristicas tecnico-productivas del sector caprinocultor costarricense, abordando 313 productores en todo el pais. Se utilizo una herramienta de diagnostico que considero la sociografia de los productores, las razas existentes, el manejo nutricional, reproductivo, y sanitario, la obtencion y manejo de la leche, su transformacion en productos derivados, su comercializacion y las percepciones de los productores hacia el sector. La actividad caprina reflejo componentes multifactoriales de dificil generalizacion. La mayoria de los hatos se localizan en la provincia de Alajuela, y estan conformados mayoritariamente por animales de la raza Saanen. Los productores son principalmente hombres, de una escolaridad media y que usualmente no estan agremiados. Estos suelen recurrir a practicas zootecnicas muy basicas que emulan sin mayor acierto las de especies mayores. El nivel educativo y la contratacion de mano de obra externa, fueron los aspectos mas rela...
Agronomía Mesoamericana, 2022
Introducción. La caracterización y diversificación de los productos lácteos caprinos es muy impor... more Introducción. La caracterización y diversificación de los productos lácteos caprinos es muy importante para fortalecer a este incipiente sector productivo. Objetivo. Comparar las características fisicoquímicas y sensoriales de leches bovinas y caprinas enteras, descremadas y deslactosadas, así como de sus combinaciones. Materiales y métodos. En San José, Costa Rica, entre enero y diciembre del 2015 se evaluaron los contenidos de grasa (G), sólidos no grasos (SNG), acidez, proteína, densidad, pH, viscosidad y color de los tipos de leches citadas. Además, se efectuó un análisis sensorial descriptivo genérico y pruebas de agrado general. Resultados. La leche caprina entera presentó valores mayores de SNG, densidad y acidez, y menor pH, fue más blanca que la bovina y con una viscosidad similar. El proceso de deslactosado no afectó la viscosidad. Este factor interactuó con el tipo de leche, pero ninguno afectó los contenidos de grasa y proteína. Existió una interacción entre el tipo de leche y las modificaciones aplicadas para los parámetros de color. Los panelistas detectaron diferencias significativas para todos los atributos en los productos con excepción del aroma a ácido. Se estableció la presencia de tres conglomerados para la prueba de agrado compuestos por el 37,4 %, 28,8 % y 34,5 % de los jueces. El primero y segundo presentaron una preferencia por la leche entera y entera-deslactosada de vaca y, el tercero, por leche de cabra entera y entera-deslactosada de vaca y de cabra. El menor agrado general fue para las muestras tanto descremadas como deslactosadas bovinas y caprinas. Conclusiones. Los procesos de deslactosado y descremado modificaron la leche a nivel fisicoquímico, las leches de cabra con mayor agrado fueron las enteras y enteras-deslactosadas; el menor agrado general fue por las leches descremadas-deslactosadas en ambas especies.
Introduction. The characterization and diversification of goat dairy products is very important to strengthen this incipient productive sector. Objective. To compare the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of whole, skimmed and lactose-free cow and goat milks, as well as their combinations. Materials and methods. In San Jose, Costa Rica, between January and December of 2015, the contents of fat (F), non-fatty solids (NFS), acidity, protein, density, pH, viscosity, and color of the types of milk mentioned were evaluated. Also, a generic descriptive sensory analysis and a general liking test were carried out. Results. Whole goat milk presented higher values of NFS, density and acidity, and lower pH, being whiter than bovine milk, with a similar viscosity. The removal of lactose did not affect viscosity; this factor interacted with the type of milk, but did not affect the fat and protein contents. There was an interaction between the type of milk and the modifications made for the color parameters. The panelists detected significant differences for all the attributes in the products except for the acid aroma. The presence of three clusters was established for the liking test, composed by 37.4 %, 28.8 %, and 34.5 % of the judges. The first and second showed a preference for whole and whole lactose-free cow’s milk and the third for whole and whole-lactose-free cow’s and goat’s milk. The lowest overall liking was for both skimmed and lactose-free bovine and goat samples. Conclusions. The skimming and lactose removal process modified the milk at the physicochemical level, the goat milks with the highest liking were whole and whole lactose-free; the lowest overall liking was for those skimmed-lactose-free in both species.
Agronomía Mesoamericana, 2022
Resumen: Introducción. La leche de cabra es un producto de muy alto valor nutracéutico y alimen... more Resumen: Introducción. La leche de cabra es un producto de muy alto valor nutracéutico y alimenticio, en torno al cual no hay una cultura de consumo establecida en varios países, por lo que su empleo en el desarrollo de nuevos productos es prometedor. Objetivo. Definir el efecto de diferentes proporciones de leche caprina y bovina sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas y sensoriales de leches saborizadas. Materiales y métodos. Se formularon leches saborizadas de tres sabores diferentes con cinco niveles de inclusión de leche caprina y bovina (0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, 100 %). Para estas se evaluaron el pH, acidez total, color instrumental (parámetros L*, b* y a*) y viscosidad, así como el agrado general, por medio de un panel con 110 jueces. Resultados. Al aumentar la proporción de leche caprina se registró en muchos de los casos, una disminución de pH y un aumento en la acidez en todas las muestras, así como un aumento en la viscosidad de las leches chocolatadas. El color en cada formulación no mostró diferencias en los parámetros a* y b* y L*, al variar las proporciones de leches. El análisis sensorial generó tres conglomerados de panelistas (15,5 %, 48,1 % y 36,4 %). Conclusión. La leche saborizada de fresa con una relación de leche bovina/leche caprina al 50 %, fue la que presentó la mejor combinación de parámetros fisicoquímicos y sensoriales.
Abstract: Introduction. Goat's milk is a product of very high nutritional and nutraceutical value, around which there is no established culture of consumption in several countries, so its use in the development of new products is promising. Objective. Define the effect of different proportions of goat and bovine milk on the physicochemical and sensory properties of flavored milk. Materials and methods. Flavored milks of three different flavors were formulated with 5 inclusion levels of goat and bovine milk (0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, 100 %). For these, the pH, total acidity, instrumental color (parameters L *, b * and a *) and viscosity were evaluated, as well as the general satisfaction by means of a panel with 110 judges. Results. As the proportion of goat milk increased, a decrease in pH and an increase in acidity were recorded in a lot of samples, as well as an increase in the viscosity of the chocolate milks. The color in each formulation did not show differences in the parameters a * and b * and L * when varying the proportions of milk. The sensory analysis generated three clusters of panelists (15.5 %, 48.1 %, and 36.4 %). Conclusions. Strawberry flavored milk with a 50 % bovine milk / caprine milk ratio was the one that presented the best combination of physicochemical and sensory parameters.
Nutrición Animal Tropical, 2021
Resumen: El sector coturnicultor costarricense está en proceso de desarrollo; aún no se han docu... more Resumen:
El sector coturnicultor costarricense está en proceso de desarrollo; aún no se han documentado en la literatura aspectos productivos, económicos, de mercado o comercialización asociados al mismo. El objetivo de este trabajo es generar información sobre la comercialización y el consumo del huevo de codorniz en Costa Rica. La investigación tuvo lugar entre enero y diciembre del 2019 en la Gran Área Metropolitana costarricense. Se realizaron consultas a 14 productores con respecto al entorno comercial, a la vez que se evaluaron las pautas de consumo de huevo de codorniz en una muestra de 300 personas. La mayoría de los productores (10) se dedican a la producción exclusiva de huevo en sistemas productivos que mayoritariamente no superan las 200 aves (11), principalmente alojadas en jaulas artesanales (10), y donde el uso de registros productivos no se ha implementado (11). Se emplea esencialmente alimento para gallinas de producción (13), sin distinción de la etapa productiva del ave (11), sin un manejo reproductivo en seis de los casos o bien empleando cruces consanguíneos (5). El huevo se comercializa principalmente en empaques de 24 huevos ($2,42 por empaque) y en conservas de 200 g ($2,5). En términos de compra, la mayoría de los consumidores expresó no adquirir el huevo de codorniz (74%), siendo el consumo esporádico aún entre quienes si lo obtienen (51,4% una vez al mes). La presentación preferida de compra es el huevo fresco empacado (46,8%), que es preparado principalmente como huevo duro hervido (66,2%). La producción y consumo de huevo de codorniz en Costa Rica se encuentra poco tecnificada y diversificada, lo cual concuerda con un perfil de productores pequeños y un bajo consumo.
Abstract:
Consumption and sale of quail eggs in Costa Rica. The Costa Rican coturniculture sector is yet in development. Production, economic or marketing aspects associated with the activity have not been previously documented in the existing literature. The objective of this study is to generate information about marketing and consumption patterns of quail eggs in Costa Rica. The investigation took place between January and December 2019 in the Greater Costa Rican Metropolitan Area. Survey was applied to 14 producers evaluating the commercial environment, while the consumption patterns of quail egg were evaluated in a sample of 300 people. Most of the producers (10) are dedicated to the exclusive production of eggs mostly in farms that do not exceed 200 birds (11), mainly housed in artisanal cages (10), where the use of production records has not been implemented (11). They essentially use poultry feed (13) without distinction of the productive stage of the bird (11), without reproductive management in six of the cases, or using consanguineous crosses (5). The egg is sold mainly in packages of 24 units ($2.42 each package) and canned 200 g ($2.5). In terms of purchase, most consumers expressed that they don´t purchase quail eggs (74%), with sporadic consumption even among those who do obtain it (51.4% once a month). When purchased, the preferred presentation the fresh packaged egg (46.8%) and is prepared mainly as hardboiled egg (66.2%). The production and consumption of quail eggs in Costa Rica is low-tech and low diversified, which is consistent with a profile of small producers and low consumption patterns.
UNED Research Journal
Introducción: Entender cómo afectan la calidad del huevo las condiciones productivas, los sistema... more Introducción: Entender cómo afectan la calidad del huevo las condiciones productivas, los sistemas de alojamiento, el bienestar animal, la edad del ave y la genética es importante para la toma de decisiones futuras al producir huevo en Costa Rica. Objetivo: Describir los rendimientos productivos, la morfología y microbiología del huevo de aves con diferentes genéticas, en jaula convencional, sistema de piso y sistema con acceso a pastoreo. Métodos: Se estudió para dos rangos de edad el comportamiento productivo de las aves y la morfología del huevo proveniente de tres granjas con alojamiento en piso, jaula convencional y pastoreo, contemplando aves de dos líneas genéticas (Novogen y Hy-line Brown), del cruce Sex Link y de la raza Rhode Island Red. Se determinó el porcentaje de producción, consumo de alimento de ave por día, mortalidad acumulada y porcentaje de huevo sucio. Se registraron los pesos de huevo, de yema, del albumen y de cáscara; así como el índice morfológico, el índice...
Agronomía Mesoamericana, 2015
agronomía …, 2007
Agronomía Mesoamericana Universidad de Costa Rica pccmca@cariari.ucr.ac.cr ISSN (Versión impresa)... more Agronomía Mesoamericana Universidad de Costa Rica pccmca@cariari.ucr.ac.cr ISSN (Versión impresa): 1021-7444 COSTA RICA ... 2007 Wendy Natalia Rojas Castro / Alejandro Chacón Villalobos / María Lourdes Pineda Castro CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL YOGURT BATIDO ...
Bovine dairy and goat milk perceptions among students of the University of Costa Rica. Our object... more Bovine dairy and goat milk perceptions among students of the University of Costa Rica. Our objective was to establish meaningful differences between age, gender, exercise practice and consumption habits and its interactions among students of the University of Costa Rica. The knowledge and the perception of goat milk among these persons were studied as well. In September 2005 a study devoted to understand consumer habits related to dairy products took place among 506 students (272 women and 234 men between 17 and 26 years) using the random interview technique to profile age, gender, exercise, most consumed products, quality demanded and overall knowledge about goat milk. Coded data were evaluated using the chi square test. The population age ranged 90% between 18 and 24 years. Milk (38.1%), cheese (14.2%) and yogurt (9.9%) were the most consumed products, which are usually bought at supermarkets (59.5%). About 64.5% of the population consumes dairy products on a daily basis but 28.3%...
Nutricion Animal Tropical, 2021
ABSTRACT Every day, the national sheep sector is in search of improving the quality of meat produ... more ABSTRACT Every day, the national sheep sector is in search of improving the quality of meat produced, however, in this industry there is no standard classification system for sheep carcasses in the country. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphometric characteristics of sheep carcasses in order to generate a practical visual tool that allows the conceptualization of a standardized commercial carcass model for the Costa Rican market. The investigation took place between January and December 2019, in three sheep processing plants, located in Las Nubes de Coronado, Balsa de Atenas and Miramar de Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Ninety five carcasses of different breeds, ages and origins were sampled, measuring live weight, hot carcass, carcass performance, sex, dental age, muscular conformation, thickness of back fat in hot and cold carcasses, and fat coverage. Meat samples and photographs were taken for analysis. On average, the carcasses had a live weight of 38.3 kg, the hot carcass weighed 17.2 kg, the yield was 45 % and the subcutaneous fat thickness was 7.1 mm. When quantifying color with the CIELab scale, averages of 40.57 (L*), 13.12 (a*) and 17.32 (b*) were obtained. When associating age with the results, a low negative correlation was obtained for L* (r=-0.32) and b* (r=-0.215), and a low positive correlation for a * (r=0.04). The difference between the thickness of the fat in hot and cold carcasses in 18.9 % of the total carcasses was 0.18cm on average. Then a linear regression was performed (R2=0.79); however, the sample is small. A visual tool made up of three dimensions was proposed using the hot carcass, thickness and fat coverage, consisting of a guide to improve the final product and as a standardized model of carcasses for exportation. RESUMEN Cada día, el sector ovino nacional está en búsqueda de mejorar la calidad de carne producida; sin embargo, en esta industria del país no existe un sistema de clasificación estándar para las canales ovinas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las características morfométricas de canales ovinas para generar una herramienta visual práctica que permita conceptualizar un modelo estandarizado de canal comercial para el mercado costarricense. La investigación tuvo lugar entre enero y diciembre del 2019, en tres plantas de procesamiento de ovinos, ubicadas en Las Nubes de Coronado, Balsa de Atenas y en Miramar de Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Se muestrearon 95 canales de distintas razas, edades y procedencias; midiendo peso vivo, canal caliente, rendimiento en canal, sexo, edad dentaria, conformación muscular, grosor de grasa dorsal en canales calientes y frías, y cobertura de grasa. Se tomaron muestras de carne y fotografías para su análisis. En promedio, los animales presentaron un peso vivo de 38,3 kg al sacrificio, la canal caliente pesó 17,2 kg, el rendimiento a canal fue de 45 % y grosor de grasa subcutánea de 7,1 mm. Al cuantificar color con la escala CIELab, se obtuvieron promedios de 40,57 (L*), 13,12 (a*) y 17,32 (b*). Al asociar la edad con los resultados, se obtuvo una correlación baja y negativa para L* (r=-0.32) y b* (r=-0.215), y no se encontró asociación con a* (r=0.04). La diferencia entre el “grosor de grasa” en canales calientes y frías en el 18,9 % del total de canales fue de 0,18 cm en promedio. Luego se realizó una regresión lineal (R2=0.79); no obstante, la muestra es pequeña. Se propuso una herramienta visual conformada por tres dimensiones utilizando la canal caliente, el grosor y la cobertura de grasa, constituyéndose en una guía para mejorar el producto final y como modelo estandarizado de canales para exportación.
Nutrición Animal Tropical, 2021
Antinutritional compounds in plants can be associated with an effect on both livestock and human ... more Antinutritional compounds in plants can be associated with an effect on both livestock and human health, through the consumption of derived products. The ptachyloside contained in Pteridium caudatum (L.) Maxon ferns is an example. The objective of this research was to assess the consumption of Pteridium by dairy cattle and quantify the content of ptachyloside in milk. Two dairy farms located in Coto Brus, Puntarenas, were evaluated, from January through July 2019. The breeds utilized in both farms consisted of a multiracial pattern of Holstein, Jersey and Simbrah crosses. Biomass yields in grazing paddocks were 1.4-2.3 ton DM/ha for Brachiaria humidicola and 1.7-1.9 ton DM/ha for Brachiaria brizantha. The soils were andisols with a pH of 6.3, acidity of 0.13 cmol (+)/L and 0.15 cmol (+)/L, CICE of 12.52 cmol (+)/L and 9.48 cmol (+)/L and with a coverage percentage of fern Pteridium caudatum (L) Maxon of 15-19% and 13-15%, in farms 1 and 2 respectively. In both farms, livestock showed a greater preference for consumption of the fern in early phenological stages, which also contained higher amounts of ptachyloside (253-1138 mg/Kg/DM), expressed as pterosin B. The content of ptachyloside found in milk (0.39-0.91 mg/L) in this study, is indirect evidence of consumption from livestock. The presence of Pteridium in pastures grazed by lactating cows must be controlled to avoid its potential transference to dairy products.
Población y Salud en Mesoamérica, 2021
Objective: to analyze the validity of the factorial structure for a questionnaire adapted from th... more Objective: to analyze the validity of the factorial structure for a questionnaire adapted from the Preschooler Feeding Questionnaire (PFQ) with subscales associated with control and parental pressure when eating. Methodology: a questionnaire was prepared with 11 items expressed with “Likert” type scales and grouped into two subscales: “maternal pressure when eating” and “maternal control when eating”. This was evaluated with 50 mothers, subsequently carrying out a factor analysis to identify the underlying factorial structure, evaluating the reliability with Cronbach's α and using a principal components extraction with a Varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization. A confirmatory factor analysis was subsequently performed with 430 mothers. Descriptive statistics studied both “control” and “pressure” parental practices, while an SEM model assessed the existence of causal relationships between BMI, child gender and these practices. Results: a factorial structure of two scales was validated, “Control” and “Pressure”, each composed of three items (x2 = 187.3, df. = 116, x2 / df. = 1.62, CFI = 0.998, GFI = 0.991, AGFI = 0.983, NFI = 0.994, IFI = 0.998, and RMSEA = 0.018). No causal relationship was established between these factors with the BMI or the gender of the infants, both factors being greater than the average. Conclusion: The adaptation of the questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool of future utility in the study of parental nutritional practices.
Población y Salud en Mesoamérica, 2021
Objective: to establish and analyze patterns of consumption of meat and meat products in students... more Objective: to establish and analyze patterns of consumption of meat and meat products in students of the University of Costa Rica. Methodology: a basic study of the profile of the university consumer was carried out using a survey with 499 students (268 women and 231 men, between 16 and 29 years old), evaluating age, biological sex, consumption habits, type of meat preferred and most consumed meat product, reasons for purchase and places where they buy. Chi square evaluations, factorial ANOVAS and descriptive statistical analysis were used as statistical tests. Results: poultry is the most consumed meat (96.5%), followed by beef (91.9%). The consumption of meat is a daily habit for 23.2% of the students, while 17.6% consumes it at least 3 times a week. Good taste (84% of the cases) is the main reason for consumption above the nutritional value (51.9%). A majority do not participate in the purchase of meat (52.7%), preferring those who do the supermarkets (45%). The perceived quality is the main criterion for selecting the product, as well as the confidence in the place where they buy. About 87.0% consume sausages regularly, being more usual a frequency of 1 to 2 times a week (49.8%). Wet cured ham (89,0%) and wieners (83,0%) were the most frequently consumed, with no commercial brand predilection in 49.5% of the cases. Conclusion: around 96.4% of the students regularly consume meat and derived products, being those who decline mainly vegans. No relationship of these practices with the age and sex was established.
UNED Research Journal, 2021
ABSTRACT. "Effect of hen housing (free-range, free cage, and cage) on fatty acids, consumption, a... more ABSTRACT. "Effect of hen housing (free-range, free cage, and cage) on fatty acids, consumption, and consumer perception of the eggs. lntroduction: At a global level, consumer concern is growing for animal welfare, including hen housing in the production of eggs. Objectives: To assess the effect of hen housing conditions on sorne egg characteristics. Methods: The study was done in Costa Rica. We made a standard fatty acid profile analysis of 30 eggs, randomly selected from each housing system. We also surveyed 777 habitual egg consumers about their purchase and consumption habits, and applied a sensory test to 108 panelists. Results: The polyunsaturated fatty acids / saturated fatty acids ratios were 0.58, O.SS and 0.51 for the free-range, free cage and cage system, respectively. In the sensory panel, 40 % of the panelists were grouped for their greater general liking towards the sample, with preference for the free-range eggs. Slightly over half (55 %) of the sampled population was unaware of the egg production systems. Conclusion: The acid ratio of these Costa Rican eggs is labeled as "healthy food" and nearly half of the surveyed population is unaware of the egg production systems.
Nutrición Animal Tropical, 2019
Este estudio fue realizado entre los años 2017 y 2018. Se buscó establecer las características té... more Este estudio fue realizado entre los años 2017 y 2018. Se buscó establecer las características técnicas y productivas del sector industrializador costarricense de la leche caprina, por medio del estudio de 10 emprendimientos en todo el país. Se utilizó una herramienta de diagnóstico que consideró la sociografía de los productores, el origen y manejo de la leche, las condiciones operativas de las instalaciones, buenas prácticas de manufactura, productos lácteos manufacturados y su comercialización, así como las percepciones de los productores hacia el sector. Se documentaron aspectos como las características socioeconómicas de los productores, la experiencia en el sector, el rol de la actividad caprina dentro de su economía, la infraestructura de sus plantas de producción, los productos manufacturados y las prácticas de gestión administrativa. Se estableció que los emprendimientos industrializadores necesitan implementar acciones de mejora en diferentes áreas técnicas, administrativa...
Revista e-Agronegocios
Se efectuó una caracterización de la estructura organizacional y de los principales procesos de u... more Se efectuó una caracterización de la estructura organizacional y de los principales procesos de un centro de investigaciones público en producción animal dedicado a desarrollar proyectos de investigación agropecuaria, con el objetivo de establecer un marco de referencia que facilite la definición y eventual implementación de una oficina de proyectos adaptable a su quehacer académico.
Nutrición Animal Tropical, 2015
Agronomía Mesoamericana, 2015
Agronomía Mesoamericana, 2015
Agronomía Mesoamericana, 2005
Actualidades Investigativas en Educación, 2011
This paper review describes the innate sensorialperception of the children towards foo... more This paper review describes the innate sensorialperception of the children towards foods, as well as the processes by means of which this perception modifies and enriches through the interaction and the exposure to food during the first five years of life. It evaluates, in addition, the importance of the affective and social frame in which this formative process occurs. The spaces and contexts in which the foods are both consumed and promoted, the degree of imposed discipline, and the level of self-determination allowed to the minors, have altogether animpact that lasts throughout the entire lifespan of the human being. For this reason, a suitable management of the sensorial experiences oriented to generate positive impressions at the home and at the classroom, is of great importance for both educators and parents. Food neophobia and aversion, as well as the roll of mass media are also explained complementarily.