Yawat Djogang Anselme Michel | Université Des Montagnes-Cameroun (original) (raw)

Papers by Yawat Djogang Anselme Michel

World Journal of Advance Healthcare Research, 2018

The present investigation was undertaken to address the trend of bacterial resistance to antibact... more The present investigation was undertaken to address the trend of bacterial resistance to antibacterial agents in poultry and related consequences. Precisely, it was initiated to gather necessary information on bacterial communities in farms, the types of antimicrobial agents used and the susceptibility/resistance profile of bacteria to common antibiotics. Chicken excreta collected from four farms in Bafoussam and Bandjoun (two neighborhoods in the West Region of Cameroon) underwent microbiological analysis and susceptibility testing according to standard protocols by the CAS-SFM (2017). The overall picture from data analysis indicated that most common bacteria isolates belonged to three major groups: Enterobacteriaeae, Bacillus and Staphylococcus, members of which are potent etiologies of zoonotic infections and powerful engines for resistance traits selection and dissemination. Resistance to antibiotics like Oxacillin, Tetracycline, Co-trimoxazole and Ceftriaxone were common and invariably high, regardless of the bacteria group targeted. In further details, resistance rates were higher than 60% for 34% and 25% of the antibiotics used in Gram-negative rods from Bafoussam 1 and Bafoussam 2, respectively. In Bandjoun 1, resistance rates higher than 60% were obtained in 34%, 32% and 46% of the antibiotics used for Gram-negative rods, Gram-positive rods and Gram-positive cocci, respectively. The respective rates were 48%, 41% and 60% in Bandjoun 2. Overall, antimicrobial agents frequently used were more affected by resistance while the farmers recognized the threat resistance might pose in their activity. Though yet to be addressed, both the isolation and resistance rates could help anticipate that the economic burden of farm-related infections might by very high. Biological alternatives to antimicrobials for growth promotion and fighting against pathogens in farms was, therefore, thought to be primordial, feasible, then strongly advocated.

World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021

This work was initiated to collect useful information on bacterial communities on farms, the type... more This work was initiated to collect useful information on bacterial communities on farms, the types of antimicrobial agents used and the susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from broiler farms in the Wouri Division in order to document for useful purposes the trend of bacterial resistance to antibacterial agents in poultry farms. Droopings, drinking water, animal feed and farmers' fingerprints were collected from nine farms in three Subdivision of Douala city (Wouri Division, Cameroon). These specimens underwent microbiological identification and susceptibility tests according to standard protocols (REMIC 2018) and "Comité de l'Antibiogramme de la Société Française de Microbiologie, EUCAST for veterinary medicine 2018''. The results show that the antibiotics commonly used in broiler chicken farms in the Wouri Division are Oxytetracycline, Enrofloxacin, Tetracolivit, Tylosin and Colistin. The most common bacterial isolates belonged to two families: Enterobacteriaceae, and

World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2020

Faced with the disturbing phenomenon of bacterial resistance, the search for new efficient and av... more Faced with the disturbing phenomenon of bacterial resistance, the search for new efficient and available natural antibacterial agents becomes primordial. In the present study we assessed the antibacterial potential of four extracts (hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and ethanol) from Acmella caulirhiza (a plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family) in restoring the activity of three common antibiotics on multidrug-resistant and extended spectrum betalactamase-positive bacteria. Extracts were primarily subjected to chemical screening according to standard protocols. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests were conducted with a modified rapid piodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT) colorimetric assay. Subsequently, association tests were performed between these extracts and two beta

World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020

The present study aimed at investigating through the non-stringent bacterial populations and the ... more The present study aimed at investigating through the non-stringent bacterial populations and the susceptibility profile of isolates in the surgical department of the "Université des Montagnes" Teaching Hospital. Specimen collection was conducted by wet swabbing and passive sedimentation of bacteria for surfaces and airborne bacteria, respectively. In each case, appropriate culture media were used for the optimal growth of targeted organisms. Subsequent to incubation that was conducted according to standard protocols, enumeration, identification and susceptibility tests followed. In this process, bacterial loads were classified as low (10 CFU/cm²), intermediate (10-30 CFU/cm 2) or high (>30 CFU/cm²) according to the count value per surface unit. A total of 281 isolates were recovered from 144

World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2020

The increasing rates of therapeutic failure imposed by resistance to antibacterial agents has bec... more The increasing rates of therapeutic failure imposed by resistance to antibacterial agents has become a global health challenge endowed with community specificities. One of the most common traits in bacteria is related to the expression of extended spectrum betalactamases (ESBL), a large group of determinants that inhibit ranges of β-lactam's antibiotics and represent serious threats to public health. The present study aimed at investigating the influence of hospitalization in the overall bacterial susceptibility and more specifically, the interplay between hospital stay and ESBL rates within the surgery departments of three health facilities in West Cameroon. When all administrative and ethical requirements were met, rectal swabs (or stools) were collected for bacterial screening and Susceptibility testing. Prior to specimen collection, a record was made on drug administration during hospital stay for each respondent. All laboratory procedures were conducted according to

World Journal of Advance Healthcare Research, 2018

The present study was conducted to address a few parameters that are recognized to contribute to ... more The present study was conducted to address a few parameters that are recognized to contribute to hospital hygiene improvement in the framework of policies enforced to prevent hospital acquired infections (HAIs) at the Université des Montagnes' Teaching Hospital. These included amongst others hand hygiene, waste and reusable material management and cleaning. The necessary pieces of information were collected with questionnaires, interviews and observations. To assess the quality of the patient' environment, products from swabbing performed on surrounding commodities were submitted to microbial investigations. Culture, isolation, identification of bacteria as well as susceptibility tests for 15 common antibiotics were conducted according to standard guidelines (REMIC, 2014; CA-SFM, EUCAST, 2014). Significant findings revealed that 44-48% of healthcare workers always wash their hands between two procedures; 77% were aware of the danger that might accompany blood exposure accident and 65% knew where they could have information for better practices. Moreover, 33% did not change gloves between two activities on the same patient though glove availability was 100%; 20-42% recapped soiled needles; 70% work indiscriminately in all hospital wards. Most bacterial isolates were Bacillus spp., 50%. They were least frequently isolated from specimens collected in the maternity, consistent with the policy enforced to prevent contamination at that level. Resistance rates were high and multiple-drug resistance frequent but could not serve to rule out reliable conclusion because the number of isolates tested was reduced. Overall, many amongst the workers knew what they normally had to do. Why implementation did not follow remained to be addressed, though material resource availability could be pointed out. Relocating institution's priorities would be essential for safer healthcare in the hospital. This requires contribution of all stakeholders, in line with the current One Health concept's paradigm.

World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2020

The present survey focussed on detection, identification and enumeration of microbial populations... more The present survey focussed on detection, identification and enumeration of microbial populations implicated in the fermentation of the raphia sap. The substrate collected in the Ndé Division (West-Cameroon) was incubated for seven days post-collection, tested for their pH and plated on convenient isolation media every day according to standard protocols recommended by BioMerieux ® and REMIC. Incubation was thereafter, conducted at 20°C, 30°C and 37°C for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. For accurate identifications, API galleries used included API 20 NE for non-Enterobacteriaceae; API 20 E for Enterobacteriaceae; API 50 CHL for Lactobacillus and API 20 C AUX for yeast. Overall findings indicated that the specimens contained mixed microbial populations that underwent selections with increasing acidity. Common nonfermentative contaminants were eliminated while Lactobacillus spp., and to a lesser extent, Saccharomyces cerevisae underwent optimal growth. Optimal ferment growth was recorded on specimens after four days of fermentation. Suitable conditions for this growth were 30°C

World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, 2018

n line with the high multidrug-resistance rates observed in bacteria and the importance of resist... more n line with the high multidrug-resistance rates observed in bacteria and the importance of resistance mechanisms in the management of infectious diseases, the present investigation was conducted to detect with an efflux pump inhibitor (reserpine) efflux pump-expressing bacterial isolates from clinical specimens at the Laboratory of Microbiology of the Université des Montagnes Teaching Hospital. Standard disk diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration techniques were used as recommended by CASFM, 2016. Susceptibility tests were performed on a total of 51 multidrug-resistant isolates with and without reserpine at the sub-inhibitory concentration. Out of these, 30 eventually selected as potential efflux pump-positive isolates further underwent the micro-dilution at varying concentrations of antibiotic/reserpine combinations. The minimal inhibitory concentration test values recorded with antibiotic/reserpine combination revealed improved effectiveness for Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Gentamicin, Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin. 1024 μg/mL for reserpine was sub-inhibitory, but when it was used at 32μg / mL with Ofloxacin the MIC value recorded dropped by about 1/8 compared to the value recorded when Ofloxacin was used alone on some isolates; and about 1/2 to 1/4 with other antibiotics. Overall, 47% of isolates were positive for efflux pump expression, overwhelmed by Enterobacteriaceae (62.7%) and Micrococaceae (17.6%) and, namely Enterobacter (78%), Escherichia (57%), Staphylococcus (56 %), and Klebsiella (25%). Since organisms from these genera are most frequent etiologies of IDs further work is necessary to detect efflux pump- positive isolates in the routine process.

World Journal of Advance Healthcare Research, 2020

Paediatric radiology should be regarded as a specific domain in health management and not as adap... more Paediatric radiology should be regarded as a specific domain in health management and not as adaptations of practices and materials from adults’. In that, paediatric environment and protocols should be adapted accordingly to enable optimal output in the sector with minimal irradiation. The general objective of the present study was to assess the paediatric peculiarities of the radiology department at the Gynaecological Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital in Yaoundé. A descriptive cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted from October 8th through to November 8th, 2018. Data related to the paediatric peculiarities of the service recorded with questionnaires and observation sheet, then analysed with the EPI Info. Data analysis highlighted a non-conformity of the environmental specificities and the absence of the material. These gaps had high impacts on the daily practice, notably the stress in children characterized by cries and agitation in the examination room, causes for long duration of the examinations and additional irradiation. Developing a room dedicated to paediatric radiography, associating a children playground to the service and acquiring restraint equipment would significantly contribute to improved quality results and safer practices in paediatric radiography at the Yaoundé’s Gynaecological Obstetrics and Paediatric Hospital.

World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, 2018

he present survey aimed at identifying the most frequent clinical specimens submitted for analyse... more he present survey aimed at identifying the most frequent clinical specimens submitted for analyses and the related susceptibility/resistance profile of Gram-negative rods isolated over a twelve-month period (January 1st through December 31st 2016) at the Université des Montagnes Teaching Hospital, Bangangté, West-Cameroon. All specimen collection, identifications and susceptibility tests were conducted in the Laboratory of Microbiology according to standard protocols recommended by REMIC, 2015 and Eucast-SFM, 2015. Most frequent specimens recorded (87%) were urines, women genital secretions and pus from which close to 88 % of the isolates, overwhelmed by members of the Enterobacteriaceae family were recovered. The most frequent etiologies (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., and Klebsiella spp.) typically predominated in the urine (50% of isolates), followed by the vaginal secretion and pus (19% and 18%, respectively). Overall, the resistance rates to common or related antibacterial agents were higher in Enterobacteriaceae (Ampicillin, 94%; Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole, 64%; Nalidixic acid, 61% and Ciprofloxacin, 43%) while susceptibility ranged from 3% with Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid to 72% with Imipenem. This trend was also similar in non-fermenting Gram-negative rods, consistent with previous reports. The successive findings could serve as useful clues for effective action towards antibiotic susceptibility/resistance stewardship. To be effective the intervention policy should simultaneously target policy makers, prescribers, and drug users with trained and committed human resources.

International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 2018

The aim of the present study was to assess the microbiological quality of grilled meat sold in Ba... more The aim of the present study was to assess the microbiological quality of grilled meat sold in Bangangté, West-Cameroon. Also referred to as "soya", grilled meat is a spicy popular and ready-toeat boneless beef product that is stacked and cooked by roasting with a glowing fire. As it has high nutritive values; bacteria could easily grow on it, leading to its spoilage that may be a health threat to consumers. To address the microbiological quality of the meat, a total of 96 samples were collected from 12 soya sellers. A questionnaire and observation sheets were also used to record activityrelated pieces of information. These samples underwent microbial screening according to standard protocols and specific bacteria isolates were further screened for their bio-enzymatic characteristics. Overall, 96 specimens were collected. Out of this number, 87.5% were not complaint, then unsuitable for consumption. More details indicated that 13.5% contained TAMF with loads found between 60 and 3.3×10 6 CFU/g; and that 53% were contaminated by fecal coliforms (highest value, 3.3×10 5 CFU/g). Close to 34.4% were contaminated by Staphylococci up to 3.3×10 5 CFU/g out of which 10.4% and 15.6% were positive for DNAse and coagulase, respectively. Furthermore, 86.5% of the samples were contaminated by Enterococci right to 330 CFU/g. The present work highlighted that grilled meat sold in Bangangté was contaminated with potential harmful microorganisms in connection with low hygiene. Minimal resources for investigation and local policies should be put in place in a global strategy to encourage report of cases of discomfort and address minimal quality of food used by the populations of Bangangté.

MANAGEMENT OF FEVER BY TRADITIONAL AND MODERN MEDICINE IN THE NDÉ DIVISION: COMPARATIVE AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY, 2022

Fever is one of the reasons for consultation in Cameroon. Malaria and typhoid fever are the first... more Fever is one of the reasons for consultation in Cameroon. Malaria and typhoid fever are the first incriminated, constitute public health problems in Cameroon. In Bangangté's Health District, these two diseases ar This study aims to describe the management of fever by traditional medicine and modern medicine in order to explore the possibilities of collaboration. The met study with a sample of 65 patients and 50 health care providers. The data collections tools used was the questionnaires and the interview's protocol, their practices and their opinions of the care of othe also investigated the in vitro efficacy of traditional therapeutics on conducted in hospitals and traditional healers in the department of Ndé during the period from 02 to 30 th June 2018.The patients malaria in the hospital and a mixture of several plants, parts of plants and eggs usually used by traditional healers. The treatment follow medicine relies more than we think on modern medicine for clinical diagnosis of diseases but, especially for Para clinics. There are informals exchange of patients between these two systems of medicine. The follow up of the patients in the two systems shows that, in traditional medicine, for these diseases, fever drops as from the second day of treatment whereas with the modern medicine, it is necessary to wait three to four days to observe an improvement. At the 15 Protocols. It appears that the treatment of typhoid with a juice of yolk and that of malaria by a tea made from tuna speciase effective. An extract based on the potion used to treat typhoid has a bactericidal activity, were better for Salmonella typhi clinical trials deserves to be undertaken on galenic preparations ensuring a better stability of these preparations. Based on this conclusion, we recommendates to health sector de that, traditional medicine which is often closer to the population, can be integrated into the medicine's modern circuit for more effective care of patients as in West Africa (Senegal) for example.

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2022

The objective of this work is to carry out an ethnopharmacological survey of the medicinal flora ... more The objective of this work is to carry out an ethnopharmacological survey of the medicinal flora of the Bamboutos department in the West Cameroon region. More precisely, plants were collected in 16 groups of the Bamboutos department. These collected plants were identified at the National Herbarium of Cameroon. The survey methodologies used were: field evolution, comparative study and interview of traditional practitioners, herbalists and other elderly people using a questionnaire. The interview was conducted with 26 traditional healers. At the end of this survey, 167 plants in 58 families were identified.

The present survey addressed the trend of bacterial resistance to antibacterial agents in poultry... more The present survey addressed the trend of bacterial resistance to antibacterial agents in poultry and community connects. It was initiated to gather farm waste, animal food and water; as well as the types of antimicrobial agents used with susceptibility/resistance from four farms i underwent microbiological analyses according to standard protocols. The overall picture indicated that all items submitted to laboratory screening were contaminated. Most common ba belonged to the groups are known to be engines for resistance traits selection and dissemination and might become dreadful aetiologies of zoonotic infections fluoroquinolones were used in the farms, contrasting with Tetracycline and Nitrofurans that were less common (14%, each). Tolerance was large groups of quinolones Erythromycin and Co highlighted subtle difference amongst bacterial populations and resistance (P <0.001), that resistance might pose to their activity. Both the isolation and resistance rates could help antic...

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World Journal of Advance Healthcare Research, 2018

The present investigation was undertaken to address the trend of bacterial resistance to antibact... more The present investigation was undertaken to address the trend of bacterial resistance to antibacterial agents in poultry and related consequences. Precisely, it was initiated to gather necessary information on bacterial communities in farms, the types of antimicrobial agents used and the susceptibility/resistance profile of bacteria to common antibiotics. Chicken excreta collected from four farms in Bafoussam and Bandjoun (two neighborhoods in the West Region of Cameroon) underwent microbiological analysis and susceptibility testing according to standard protocols by the CAS-SFM (2017). The overall picture from data analysis indicated that most common bacteria isolates belonged to three major groups: Enterobacteriaeae, Bacillus and Staphylococcus, members of which are potent etiologies of zoonotic infections and powerful engines for resistance traits selection and dissemination. Resistance to antibiotics like Oxacillin, Tetracycline, Co-trimoxazole and Ceftriaxone were common and invariably high, regardless of the bacteria group targeted. In further details, resistance rates were higher than 60% for 34% and 25% of the antibiotics used in Gram-negative rods from Bafoussam 1 and Bafoussam 2, respectively. In Bandjoun 1, resistance rates higher than 60% were obtained in 34%, 32% and 46% of the antibiotics used for Gram-negative rods, Gram-positive rods and Gram-positive cocci, respectively. The respective rates were 48%, 41% and 60% in Bandjoun 2. Overall, antimicrobial agents frequently used were more affected by resistance while the farmers recognized the threat resistance might pose in their activity. Though yet to be addressed, both the isolation and resistance rates could help anticipate that the economic burden of farm-related infections might by very high. Biological alternatives to antimicrobials for growth promotion and fighting against pathogens in farms was, therefore, thought to be primordial, feasible, then strongly advocated.

World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021

This work was initiated to collect useful information on bacterial communities on farms, the type... more This work was initiated to collect useful information on bacterial communities on farms, the types of antimicrobial agents used and the susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from broiler farms in the Wouri Division in order to document for useful purposes the trend of bacterial resistance to antibacterial agents in poultry farms. Droopings, drinking water, animal feed and farmers' fingerprints were collected from nine farms in three Subdivision of Douala city (Wouri Division, Cameroon). These specimens underwent microbiological identification and susceptibility tests according to standard protocols (REMIC 2018) and "Comité de l'Antibiogramme de la Société Française de Microbiologie, EUCAST for veterinary medicine 2018''. The results show that the antibiotics commonly used in broiler chicken farms in the Wouri Division are Oxytetracycline, Enrofloxacin, Tetracolivit, Tylosin and Colistin. The most common bacterial isolates belonged to two families: Enterobacteriaceae, and

World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2020

Faced with the disturbing phenomenon of bacterial resistance, the search for new efficient and av... more Faced with the disturbing phenomenon of bacterial resistance, the search for new efficient and available natural antibacterial agents becomes primordial. In the present study we assessed the antibacterial potential of four extracts (hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and ethanol) from Acmella caulirhiza (a plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family) in restoring the activity of three common antibiotics on multidrug-resistant and extended spectrum betalactamase-positive bacteria. Extracts were primarily subjected to chemical screening according to standard protocols. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests were conducted with a modified rapid piodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT) colorimetric assay. Subsequently, association tests were performed between these extracts and two beta

World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020

The present study aimed at investigating through the non-stringent bacterial populations and the ... more The present study aimed at investigating through the non-stringent bacterial populations and the susceptibility profile of isolates in the surgical department of the "Université des Montagnes" Teaching Hospital. Specimen collection was conducted by wet swabbing and passive sedimentation of bacteria for surfaces and airborne bacteria, respectively. In each case, appropriate culture media were used for the optimal growth of targeted organisms. Subsequent to incubation that was conducted according to standard protocols, enumeration, identification and susceptibility tests followed. In this process, bacterial loads were classified as low (10 CFU/cm²), intermediate (10-30 CFU/cm 2) or high (>30 CFU/cm²) according to the count value per surface unit. A total of 281 isolates were recovered from 144

World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2020

The increasing rates of therapeutic failure imposed by resistance to antibacterial agents has bec... more The increasing rates of therapeutic failure imposed by resistance to antibacterial agents has become a global health challenge endowed with community specificities. One of the most common traits in bacteria is related to the expression of extended spectrum betalactamases (ESBL), a large group of determinants that inhibit ranges of β-lactam's antibiotics and represent serious threats to public health. The present study aimed at investigating the influence of hospitalization in the overall bacterial susceptibility and more specifically, the interplay between hospital stay and ESBL rates within the surgery departments of three health facilities in West Cameroon. When all administrative and ethical requirements were met, rectal swabs (or stools) were collected for bacterial screening and Susceptibility testing. Prior to specimen collection, a record was made on drug administration during hospital stay for each respondent. All laboratory procedures were conducted according to

World Journal of Advance Healthcare Research, 2018

The present study was conducted to address a few parameters that are recognized to contribute to ... more The present study was conducted to address a few parameters that are recognized to contribute to hospital hygiene improvement in the framework of policies enforced to prevent hospital acquired infections (HAIs) at the Université des Montagnes' Teaching Hospital. These included amongst others hand hygiene, waste and reusable material management and cleaning. The necessary pieces of information were collected with questionnaires, interviews and observations. To assess the quality of the patient' environment, products from swabbing performed on surrounding commodities were submitted to microbial investigations. Culture, isolation, identification of bacteria as well as susceptibility tests for 15 common antibiotics were conducted according to standard guidelines (REMIC, 2014; CA-SFM, EUCAST, 2014). Significant findings revealed that 44-48% of healthcare workers always wash their hands between two procedures; 77% were aware of the danger that might accompany blood exposure accident and 65% knew where they could have information for better practices. Moreover, 33% did not change gloves between two activities on the same patient though glove availability was 100%; 20-42% recapped soiled needles; 70% work indiscriminately in all hospital wards. Most bacterial isolates were Bacillus spp., 50%. They were least frequently isolated from specimens collected in the maternity, consistent with the policy enforced to prevent contamination at that level. Resistance rates were high and multiple-drug resistance frequent but could not serve to rule out reliable conclusion because the number of isolates tested was reduced. Overall, many amongst the workers knew what they normally had to do. Why implementation did not follow remained to be addressed, though material resource availability could be pointed out. Relocating institution's priorities would be essential for safer healthcare in the hospital. This requires contribution of all stakeholders, in line with the current One Health concept's paradigm.

World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2020

The present survey focussed on detection, identification and enumeration of microbial populations... more The present survey focussed on detection, identification and enumeration of microbial populations implicated in the fermentation of the raphia sap. The substrate collected in the Ndé Division (West-Cameroon) was incubated for seven days post-collection, tested for their pH and plated on convenient isolation media every day according to standard protocols recommended by BioMerieux ® and REMIC. Incubation was thereafter, conducted at 20°C, 30°C and 37°C for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. For accurate identifications, API galleries used included API 20 NE for non-Enterobacteriaceae; API 20 E for Enterobacteriaceae; API 50 CHL for Lactobacillus and API 20 C AUX for yeast. Overall findings indicated that the specimens contained mixed microbial populations that underwent selections with increasing acidity. Common nonfermentative contaminants were eliminated while Lactobacillus spp., and to a lesser extent, Saccharomyces cerevisae underwent optimal growth. Optimal ferment growth was recorded on specimens after four days of fermentation. Suitable conditions for this growth were 30°C

World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, 2018

n line with the high multidrug-resistance rates observed in bacteria and the importance of resist... more n line with the high multidrug-resistance rates observed in bacteria and the importance of resistance mechanisms in the management of infectious diseases, the present investigation was conducted to detect with an efflux pump inhibitor (reserpine) efflux pump-expressing bacterial isolates from clinical specimens at the Laboratory of Microbiology of the Université des Montagnes Teaching Hospital. Standard disk diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration techniques were used as recommended by CASFM, 2016. Susceptibility tests were performed on a total of 51 multidrug-resistant isolates with and without reserpine at the sub-inhibitory concentration. Out of these, 30 eventually selected as potential efflux pump-positive isolates further underwent the micro-dilution at varying concentrations of antibiotic/reserpine combinations. The minimal inhibitory concentration test values recorded with antibiotic/reserpine combination revealed improved effectiveness for Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Gentamicin, Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin. 1024 μg/mL for reserpine was sub-inhibitory, but when it was used at 32μg / mL with Ofloxacin the MIC value recorded dropped by about 1/8 compared to the value recorded when Ofloxacin was used alone on some isolates; and about 1/2 to 1/4 with other antibiotics. Overall, 47% of isolates were positive for efflux pump expression, overwhelmed by Enterobacteriaceae (62.7%) and Micrococaceae (17.6%) and, namely Enterobacter (78%), Escherichia (57%), Staphylococcus (56 %), and Klebsiella (25%). Since organisms from these genera are most frequent etiologies of IDs further work is necessary to detect efflux pump- positive isolates in the routine process.

World Journal of Advance Healthcare Research, 2020

Paediatric radiology should be regarded as a specific domain in health management and not as adap... more Paediatric radiology should be regarded as a specific domain in health management and not as adaptations of practices and materials from adults’. In that, paediatric environment and protocols should be adapted accordingly to enable optimal output in the sector with minimal irradiation. The general objective of the present study was to assess the paediatric peculiarities of the radiology department at the Gynaecological Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital in Yaoundé. A descriptive cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted from October 8th through to November 8th, 2018. Data related to the paediatric peculiarities of the service recorded with questionnaires and observation sheet, then analysed with the EPI Info. Data analysis highlighted a non-conformity of the environmental specificities and the absence of the material. These gaps had high impacts on the daily practice, notably the stress in children characterized by cries and agitation in the examination room, causes for long duration of the examinations and additional irradiation. Developing a room dedicated to paediatric radiography, associating a children playground to the service and acquiring restraint equipment would significantly contribute to improved quality results and safer practices in paediatric radiography at the Yaoundé’s Gynaecological Obstetrics and Paediatric Hospital.

World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, 2018

he present survey aimed at identifying the most frequent clinical specimens submitted for analyse... more he present survey aimed at identifying the most frequent clinical specimens submitted for analyses and the related susceptibility/resistance profile of Gram-negative rods isolated over a twelve-month period (January 1st through December 31st 2016) at the Université des Montagnes Teaching Hospital, Bangangté, West-Cameroon. All specimen collection, identifications and susceptibility tests were conducted in the Laboratory of Microbiology according to standard protocols recommended by REMIC, 2015 and Eucast-SFM, 2015. Most frequent specimens recorded (87%) were urines, women genital secretions and pus from which close to 88 % of the isolates, overwhelmed by members of the Enterobacteriaceae family were recovered. The most frequent etiologies (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., and Klebsiella spp.) typically predominated in the urine (50% of isolates), followed by the vaginal secretion and pus (19% and 18%, respectively). Overall, the resistance rates to common or related antibacterial agents were higher in Enterobacteriaceae (Ampicillin, 94%; Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole, 64%; Nalidixic acid, 61% and Ciprofloxacin, 43%) while susceptibility ranged from 3% with Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid to 72% with Imipenem. This trend was also similar in non-fermenting Gram-negative rods, consistent with previous reports. The successive findings could serve as useful clues for effective action towards antibiotic susceptibility/resistance stewardship. To be effective the intervention policy should simultaneously target policy makers, prescribers, and drug users with trained and committed human resources.

International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 2018

The aim of the present study was to assess the microbiological quality of grilled meat sold in Ba... more The aim of the present study was to assess the microbiological quality of grilled meat sold in Bangangté, West-Cameroon. Also referred to as "soya", grilled meat is a spicy popular and ready-toeat boneless beef product that is stacked and cooked by roasting with a glowing fire. As it has high nutritive values; bacteria could easily grow on it, leading to its spoilage that may be a health threat to consumers. To address the microbiological quality of the meat, a total of 96 samples were collected from 12 soya sellers. A questionnaire and observation sheets were also used to record activityrelated pieces of information. These samples underwent microbial screening according to standard protocols and specific bacteria isolates were further screened for their bio-enzymatic characteristics. Overall, 96 specimens were collected. Out of this number, 87.5% were not complaint, then unsuitable for consumption. More details indicated that 13.5% contained TAMF with loads found between 60 and 3.3×10 6 CFU/g; and that 53% were contaminated by fecal coliforms (highest value, 3.3×10 5 CFU/g). Close to 34.4% were contaminated by Staphylococci up to 3.3×10 5 CFU/g out of which 10.4% and 15.6% were positive for DNAse and coagulase, respectively. Furthermore, 86.5% of the samples were contaminated by Enterococci right to 330 CFU/g. The present work highlighted that grilled meat sold in Bangangté was contaminated with potential harmful microorganisms in connection with low hygiene. Minimal resources for investigation and local policies should be put in place in a global strategy to encourage report of cases of discomfort and address minimal quality of food used by the populations of Bangangté.

MANAGEMENT OF FEVER BY TRADITIONAL AND MODERN MEDICINE IN THE NDÉ DIVISION: COMPARATIVE AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY, 2022

Fever is one of the reasons for consultation in Cameroon. Malaria and typhoid fever are the first... more Fever is one of the reasons for consultation in Cameroon. Malaria and typhoid fever are the first incriminated, constitute public health problems in Cameroon. In Bangangté's Health District, these two diseases ar This study aims to describe the management of fever by traditional medicine and modern medicine in order to explore the possibilities of collaboration. The met study with a sample of 65 patients and 50 health care providers. The data collections tools used was the questionnaires and the interview's protocol, their practices and their opinions of the care of othe also investigated the in vitro efficacy of traditional therapeutics on conducted in hospitals and traditional healers in the department of Ndé during the period from 02 to 30 th June 2018.The patients malaria in the hospital and a mixture of several plants, parts of plants and eggs usually used by traditional healers. The treatment follow medicine relies more than we think on modern medicine for clinical diagnosis of diseases but, especially for Para clinics. There are informals exchange of patients between these two systems of medicine. The follow up of the patients in the two systems shows that, in traditional medicine, for these diseases, fever drops as from the second day of treatment whereas with the modern medicine, it is necessary to wait three to four days to observe an improvement. At the 15 Protocols. It appears that the treatment of typhoid with a juice of yolk and that of malaria by a tea made from tuna speciase effective. An extract based on the potion used to treat typhoid has a bactericidal activity, were better for Salmonella typhi clinical trials deserves to be undertaken on galenic preparations ensuring a better stability of these preparations. Based on this conclusion, we recommendates to health sector de that, traditional medicine which is often closer to the population, can be integrated into the medicine's modern circuit for more effective care of patients as in West Africa (Senegal) for example.

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2022

The objective of this work is to carry out an ethnopharmacological survey of the medicinal flora ... more The objective of this work is to carry out an ethnopharmacological survey of the medicinal flora of the Bamboutos department in the West Cameroon region. More precisely, plants were collected in 16 groups of the Bamboutos department. These collected plants were identified at the National Herbarium of Cameroon. The survey methodologies used were: field evolution, comparative study and interview of traditional practitioners, herbalists and other elderly people using a questionnaire. The interview was conducted with 26 traditional healers. At the end of this survey, 167 plants in 58 families were identified.

The present survey addressed the trend of bacterial resistance to antibacterial agents in poultry... more The present survey addressed the trend of bacterial resistance to antibacterial agents in poultry and community connects. It was initiated to gather farm waste, animal food and water; as well as the types of antimicrobial agents used with susceptibility/resistance from four farms i underwent microbiological analyses according to standard protocols. The overall picture indicated that all items submitted to laboratory screening were contaminated. Most common ba belonged to the groups are known to be engines for resistance traits selection and dissemination and might become dreadful aetiologies of zoonotic infections fluoroquinolones were used in the farms, contrasting with Tetracycline and Nitrofurans that were less common (14%, each). Tolerance was large groups of quinolones Erythromycin and Co highlighted subtle difference amongst bacterial populations and resistance (P <0.001), that resistance might pose to their activity. Both the isolation and resistance rates could help antic...

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