Izaskun Álvarez-Aguado | Universidad de las Américas (original) (raw)
Vol. 1 Núm. 79 (2020) by Izaskun Álvarez-Aguado
Revista Colombiana de Educación , 2020
Resumen La autodeterminación se ha convertido en un constructo clave para garantizar el princip... more Resumen
La autodeterminación se ha convertido en un constructo clave para garantizar el principio de inclusión educativa. El desarrollo de estas habilidades, entre otros beneficios, permite a los estudiantes con discapacidad fomentar su participación en el currículum ordinario e incrementar sus competencias para el desarrollo de una vida independiente. En este artículo de investigación se presenta un estudio que, mediante la aplicación de la Escala arc-inico, evalúa las autopercepciones de 264 estudiantes chilenos con discapacidad intelectual sobre su autodeterminación. Los principales resultados evidencian bajos niveles de autodeterminación y escaso manejo de habilidades relacionadas con el autoconocimiento, el locus de control interno o la autodefensa. Además, la severidad de la discapacidad o el tipo de establecimiento educativo se identifican como factores incidentes en el logro de esta importante meta. El análisis de los resultados a la luz de la literatura, revela la importancia de reorientar los apoyos dirigidos a estos estudiantes y plantear programas formativos que permitan trabajar estas habilidades. De esta manera, es posible ir concretando en la práctica los principios que, según la legislación, contribuyen a generar ambientes inclusivos en las aulas.
Abstract
Self-determination has become a key construct to guarantee the principle of educational inclusion. The development of these skills, among other benefits, allows students with disabilities to encourage their participation in the ordinary curriculum and increase their skills for the development of an independent life. This study, through the application of the arc-inico Scale, evaluates the self-perceptions of 264 Chilean students with intellectual disabilities about their self-determination. The main results show low levels of self-determination and poor management of skills related to self-knowledge, the locus of internal control or self-defense. In addition, the severity of the disability or the type of educational establishment, are identified as incident factors in achieving this important goal. The analysis of the results, in the light of the literature, highlights the importance of reorienting the supports directed to these students and to propose formative programs that allow to work on these skills. In this way, it is possible to concretize in practice the principles that, according to the legislation, contribute to generating inclusive environments in the classrooms.
Resumo
A autodeterminação tornou-se uma construção fundamental para garantir o princípio da inclusão educacional. O desenvolvimento dessas habilidades, entre outros benefícios, permite que os alunos com deficiência promovam sua participação no currículo comum e aumentem suas habilidades para o desenvolvimento de uma vida independente. Este artigo de pesquisa apresenta um estudo que, aplican-do a Escala ARC-INICO, avalia a autopercepção de 264 estudantes chilenos com deficiência intelectual em relação à autodeterminação. Os principais resultados mostram baixos níveis de autodeterminação e pouco gerenciamento de habilidades relacionadas ao autoconhecimento, lócus interno de controle ou autodefesa. Além disso, a gravidade da deficiência ou o tipo de estabelecimento educacional são identificados como fatores incidentes para alcançar esse importante objetivo. A análise dos resultados à luz da literatura revela a importância de reorientar os apoios direcionados a esses alunos e propor programas de treinamento que permitam o aprimoramento dessas habilidades. Dessa forma, é possível concretizar na prática os princípios que, de acordo com a legislação, contribuem para gerar ambientes inclusivos nas salas de aula.
Books by Izaskun Álvarez-Aguado
Expertos por Experiencia - El proceso de investigación inclusiva: un desafío para los nuevos tiempos, 2021
Este libro relata la experiencia de un equipo de investigación compuesto por académicos y persona... more Este libro relata la experiencia de un equipo de investigación compuesto por académicos y personas con discapacidad intelectual que, durante los últimos tres años, han trabajado desde un enfoque de investigación inclusiva. Este paradigma asume que las personas con discapacidad intelectual deben ser protagonistas de las investigaciones que les competen. Por eso, a lo largo de este libro se describe el proceso de investigación inclusiva desarrollado por el equipo, abordando sus diferentes etapas, actividades y roles.
Papers by Izaskun Álvarez-Aguado
British Journal of Learning Disabilities
ALED, Dec 29, 2021
Posicionamiento discursivo de adultos con discapacidad intelectual frente a los desafíos de una v... more Posicionamiento discursivo de adultos con discapacidad intelectual frente a los desafíos de una vida independiente 1 Discursive positioning of adults with intellectual disability facing the challenges of an independent life MARCELA JARPA
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 1993
Prevention or reduction of suicide remains a serious challenge for the medical community. Psychot... more Prevention or reduction of suicide remains a serious challenge for the medical community. Psychotherapeutic and psychosocial interventions have not been shown to reduce the incidence of suicide attempts and analytic psychotherapy has been shown to increase suicidal behavior. The efficacy of pharmacotherapy in reducing suicide attempts in patients with a history of repeated suicidal behavior has been shown with low doses of the neuroleptic agent flupenthixol compared with placebo. Supporting findings have been reported with trifluoperazine. There is evidence to suggest that some antidepressants may not be neutral in their effect on suicidal behavior. Maprotiline, for example, was associated with an increase in suicide attempts compared with placebo in a large long-term treatment study despite its significant efficacy in preventing relapse of depression. Differential lethality indices taken from large community studies support the notion that noradrenergic drugs such as maprotiline, desipramine, and nortriptyline are associated with a higher than expected incidence of death from overdose, and the suicide-provoking potential may relate to some noradrenergic property. The studies of serotonergic antidepressants do not suggest that they are suicide-provoking agents; rather they appear to be neutral or protective. Prospective prophylactic studies are needed to test the ability of potential treatments for the reduction of suicidal behavior.
Self-determination has become the key construct to ensure the development of skills that allow pe... more Self-determination has become the key construct to ensure the development of skills that allow people with disabilities to gain control over their lives. This study, from an inclusive research paradigm, seeks to assess the self-perceptions about self-determination of 122 adults with intellectual disabilities in Chile. The data of this research have been collected through an ad hoc questionnaire in online software format and a semi-structured interview. The main results show how the participants have low levels of self-determination. The development of competencies related to self-defense or self-instruction are greatly diminished unlike other skills such as decision making or problem solving. From these evidences it is discussed how the challenges that these people face during their adulthood (relocation of the place of residence, aging, etc.) demand new strategies that guide the work on self-determination. In addition, the development of inclusive research involving the real partic...
Investigación comprometida para la transformación social: actas del XIX Congreso Internacional de Investigación Educativa, Vol. 5, 2019 (Experiencias innovadoras y desarrollo socio-educativo), ISBN 978-84-09-12411-4, págs. 86-92, 2019
Proceedings of the 16th Participatory Design Conference 2020 - Participation(s) Otherwise - Volume 1, 2020
People with intellectual disabilities are relevant actors in the design processes that aim to pro... more People with intellectual disabilities are relevant actors in the design processes that aim to promote their independent living. We argue that it is necessary to extend and adapt existing codesign methods in order to incorporate this community into user-centred design processes fully. This paper presents a series of methods and adaptations carried out over three years, in the context of inclusive research. Throughout the codesign process, we have identified four different phases: preparation, fieldwork, ideation and validation. Within this framework, we present adaptations and supports, which may facilitate the participation of people with intellectual disability in research and design processes. Among the central adaptations and supports, we distinguish those of content, structure and operation. This initial but comprehensive effort aims to distil transferable knowledge for facilitating the participation of people with intellectual disabilities as valuable design team members.
British Journal of Learning Disabilities
• This study looks at the levels of self-determination of people with intellectual disabilities a... more • This study looks at the levels of self-determination of people with intellectual disabilities aged 45 years or more. • Self-determination involves skills to help make things they want happen in their own lives. • In people with intellectual disabilities over 45, self-advocacy and self-awareness skills could be strengthened. • Age, place of residence and support received by people with intellectual disabilities over 45, are some of the things that influence their self-determination.
Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 2020
La realidad socio-economica actual ha puesto de manifiesto la enorme dificultad de que el Estado ... more La realidad socio-economica actual ha puesto de manifiesto la enorme dificultad de que el Estado siga asumiendo, de la forma en que lo ha hecho hasta ahora, el cuidado de las personas mayores y con discapacidad. La implicacion de importantes recursos humanos y economicos, pero tambien el envejecimiento de la poblacion, asi como una mayor sensibilidad, exigen encontrar nuevas soluciones desde diversos ambitos profesionales y cientificos. No puede postergarse la reflexion sobre los fundamentos de esta tarea primordial del ser humano, con el fin de afrontarla de una forma adecuada y a la vez posible. La formacion, la prevencion pero tambien el apoyo a la familia parecen claves en las politicas sociales de los proximos anos. En esta obra, investigadores de distintas disciplinas, a requerimiento del Instituto Cultura y Sociedad de la Universidad de Navarra, presentan sus reflexiones sobre estas y otras cuestiones relacionadas con la proteccion del dependiente.
Self-determination has become the key construct to ensure the development of skills that allow pe... more Self-determination has become the key construct to ensure the development of skills that allow people with disabilities to gain control over their lives. This study, from an inclusive research paradigm, seeks to assess the self-perceptions about self-determination of 122 adults with intellectual disabilities in Chile. The data of this research have been collected through an ad hoc questionnaire in online software format and a semi-structured interview. The main results show how the participants have low levels of self-determination. The development of competencies related to self-defense or self-instruction are greatly diminished unlike other skills such as decision making or problem solving. From these evidences it is discussed how the challenges that these people face during their adulthood (relocation of the place of residence, aging, etc.) demand new strategies that guide the work on self-determination. In addition, the development of inclusive research involving the real partic...
Revista Colombiana de Educación, 2019
La autodeterminación se ha convertido en un constructo clave para garantizarel principio de inclu... more La autodeterminación se ha convertido en un constructo clave para garantizarel principio de inclusión educativa. El desarrollo de estas habilidades, entre otrosbeneficios, permite a los estudiantes con discapacidad fomentar su participaciónen el currículum ordinario e incrementar sus competencias para el desarrollo deuna vida independiente. En este artículo de investigación se presenta un estudioque, mediante la aplicación de la Escala arc-inico, evalúa las autopercepciones de264 estudiantes chilenos con discapacidad intelectual sobre su autodeterminación. Los principales resultados evidencian bajos niveles de autodeterminación y escaso manejo de habilidades relacionadas con el autoconocimiento, el locus de control interno o la autodefensa. Además, la severidad de la discapacidad o el tipo de establecimiento educativo se identifican como factores incidentes en el logro de esta importante meta. El análisis de los resultados a la luz de la literatura, revela la importancia de reorient...
Revista Colombiana de Educación , 2020
Resumen La autodeterminación se ha convertido en un constructo clave para garantizar el princip... more Resumen
La autodeterminación se ha convertido en un constructo clave para garantizar el principio de inclusión educativa. El desarrollo de estas habilidades, entre otros beneficios, permite a los estudiantes con discapacidad fomentar su participación en el currículum ordinario e incrementar sus competencias para el desarrollo de una vida independiente. En este artículo de investigación se presenta un estudio que, mediante la aplicación de la Escala arc-inico, evalúa las autopercepciones de 264 estudiantes chilenos con discapacidad intelectual sobre su autodeterminación. Los principales resultados evidencian bajos niveles de autodeterminación y escaso manejo de habilidades relacionadas con el autoconocimiento, el locus de control interno o la autodefensa. Además, la severidad de la discapacidad o el tipo de establecimiento educativo se identifican como factores incidentes en el logro de esta importante meta. El análisis de los resultados a la luz de la literatura, revela la importancia de reorientar los apoyos dirigidos a estos estudiantes y plantear programas formativos que permitan trabajar estas habilidades. De esta manera, es posible ir concretando en la práctica los principios que, según la legislación, contribuyen a generar ambientes inclusivos en las aulas.
Abstract
Self-determination has become a key construct to guarantee the principle of educational inclusion. The development of these skills, among other benefits, allows students with disabilities to encourage their participation in the ordinary curriculum and increase their skills for the development of an independent life. This study, through the application of the arc-inico Scale, evaluates the self-perceptions of 264 Chilean students with intellectual disabilities about their self-determination. The main results show low levels of self-determination and poor management of skills related to self-knowledge, the locus of internal control or self-defense. In addition, the severity of the disability or the type of educational establishment, are identified as incident factors in achieving this important goal. The analysis of the results, in the light of the literature, highlights the importance of reorienting the supports directed to these students and to propose formative programs that allow to work on these skills. In this way, it is possible to concretize in practice the principles that, according to the legislation, contribute to generating inclusive environments in the classrooms.
Resumo
A autodeterminação tornou-se uma construção fundamental para garantir o princípio da inclusão educacional. O desenvolvimento dessas habilidades, entre outros benefícios, permite que os alunos com deficiência promovam sua participação no currículo comum e aumentem suas habilidades para o desenvolvimento de uma vida independente. Este artigo de pesquisa apresenta um estudo que, aplican-do a Escala ARC-INICO, avalia a autopercepção de 264 estudantes chilenos com deficiência intelectual em relação à autodeterminação. Os principais resultados mostram baixos níveis de autodeterminação e pouco gerenciamento de habilidades relacionadas ao autoconhecimento, lócus interno de controle ou autodefesa. Além disso, a gravidade da deficiência ou o tipo de estabelecimento educacional são identificados como fatores incidentes para alcançar esse importante objetivo. A análise dos resultados à luz da literatura revela a importância de reorientar os apoios direcionados a esses alunos e propor programas de treinamento que permitam o aprimoramento dessas habilidades. Dessa forma, é possível concretizar na prática os princípios que, de acordo com a legislação, contribuem para gerar ambientes inclusivos nas salas de aula.
Expertos por Experiencia - El proceso de investigación inclusiva: un desafío para los nuevos tiempos, 2021
Este libro relata la experiencia de un equipo de investigación compuesto por académicos y persona... more Este libro relata la experiencia de un equipo de investigación compuesto por académicos y personas con discapacidad intelectual que, durante los últimos tres años, han trabajado desde un enfoque de investigación inclusiva. Este paradigma asume que las personas con discapacidad intelectual deben ser protagonistas de las investigaciones que les competen. Por eso, a lo largo de este libro se describe el proceso de investigación inclusiva desarrollado por el equipo, abordando sus diferentes etapas, actividades y roles.
British Journal of Learning Disabilities
ALED, Dec 29, 2021
Posicionamiento discursivo de adultos con discapacidad intelectual frente a los desafíos de una v... more Posicionamiento discursivo de adultos con discapacidad intelectual frente a los desafíos de una vida independiente 1 Discursive positioning of adults with intellectual disability facing the challenges of an independent life MARCELA JARPA
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 1993
Prevention or reduction of suicide remains a serious challenge for the medical community. Psychot... more Prevention or reduction of suicide remains a serious challenge for the medical community. Psychotherapeutic and psychosocial interventions have not been shown to reduce the incidence of suicide attempts and analytic psychotherapy has been shown to increase suicidal behavior. The efficacy of pharmacotherapy in reducing suicide attempts in patients with a history of repeated suicidal behavior has been shown with low doses of the neuroleptic agent flupenthixol compared with placebo. Supporting findings have been reported with trifluoperazine. There is evidence to suggest that some antidepressants may not be neutral in their effect on suicidal behavior. Maprotiline, for example, was associated with an increase in suicide attempts compared with placebo in a large long-term treatment study despite its significant efficacy in preventing relapse of depression. Differential lethality indices taken from large community studies support the notion that noradrenergic drugs such as maprotiline, desipramine, and nortriptyline are associated with a higher than expected incidence of death from overdose, and the suicide-provoking potential may relate to some noradrenergic property. The studies of serotonergic antidepressants do not suggest that they are suicide-provoking agents; rather they appear to be neutral or protective. Prospective prophylactic studies are needed to test the ability of potential treatments for the reduction of suicidal behavior.
Self-determination has become the key construct to ensure the development of skills that allow pe... more Self-determination has become the key construct to ensure the development of skills that allow people with disabilities to gain control over their lives. This study, from an inclusive research paradigm, seeks to assess the self-perceptions about self-determination of 122 adults with intellectual disabilities in Chile. The data of this research have been collected through an ad hoc questionnaire in online software format and a semi-structured interview. The main results show how the participants have low levels of self-determination. The development of competencies related to self-defense or self-instruction are greatly diminished unlike other skills such as decision making or problem solving. From these evidences it is discussed how the challenges that these people face during their adulthood (relocation of the place of residence, aging, etc.) demand new strategies that guide the work on self-determination. In addition, the development of inclusive research involving the real partic...
Investigación comprometida para la transformación social: actas del XIX Congreso Internacional de Investigación Educativa, Vol. 5, 2019 (Experiencias innovadoras y desarrollo socio-educativo), ISBN 978-84-09-12411-4, págs. 86-92, 2019
Proceedings of the 16th Participatory Design Conference 2020 - Participation(s) Otherwise - Volume 1, 2020
People with intellectual disabilities are relevant actors in the design processes that aim to pro... more People with intellectual disabilities are relevant actors in the design processes that aim to promote their independent living. We argue that it is necessary to extend and adapt existing codesign methods in order to incorporate this community into user-centred design processes fully. This paper presents a series of methods and adaptations carried out over three years, in the context of inclusive research. Throughout the codesign process, we have identified four different phases: preparation, fieldwork, ideation and validation. Within this framework, we present adaptations and supports, which may facilitate the participation of people with intellectual disability in research and design processes. Among the central adaptations and supports, we distinguish those of content, structure and operation. This initial but comprehensive effort aims to distil transferable knowledge for facilitating the participation of people with intellectual disabilities as valuable design team members.
British Journal of Learning Disabilities
• This study looks at the levels of self-determination of people with intellectual disabilities a... more • This study looks at the levels of self-determination of people with intellectual disabilities aged 45 years or more. • Self-determination involves skills to help make things they want happen in their own lives. • In people with intellectual disabilities over 45, self-advocacy and self-awareness skills could be strengthened. • Age, place of residence and support received by people with intellectual disabilities over 45, are some of the things that influence their self-determination.
Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 2020
La realidad socio-economica actual ha puesto de manifiesto la enorme dificultad de que el Estado ... more La realidad socio-economica actual ha puesto de manifiesto la enorme dificultad de que el Estado siga asumiendo, de la forma en que lo ha hecho hasta ahora, el cuidado de las personas mayores y con discapacidad. La implicacion de importantes recursos humanos y economicos, pero tambien el envejecimiento de la poblacion, asi como una mayor sensibilidad, exigen encontrar nuevas soluciones desde diversos ambitos profesionales y cientificos. No puede postergarse la reflexion sobre los fundamentos de esta tarea primordial del ser humano, con el fin de afrontarla de una forma adecuada y a la vez posible. La formacion, la prevencion pero tambien el apoyo a la familia parecen claves en las politicas sociales de los proximos anos. En esta obra, investigadores de distintas disciplinas, a requerimiento del Instituto Cultura y Sociedad de la Universidad de Navarra, presentan sus reflexiones sobre estas y otras cuestiones relacionadas con la proteccion del dependiente.
Self-determination has become the key construct to ensure the development of skills that allow pe... more Self-determination has become the key construct to ensure the development of skills that allow people with disabilities to gain control over their lives. This study, from an inclusive research paradigm, seeks to assess the self-perceptions about self-determination of 122 adults with intellectual disabilities in Chile. The data of this research have been collected through an ad hoc questionnaire in online software format and a semi-structured interview. The main results show how the participants have low levels of self-determination. The development of competencies related to self-defense or self-instruction are greatly diminished unlike other skills such as decision making or problem solving. From these evidences it is discussed how the challenges that these people face during their adulthood (relocation of the place of residence, aging, etc.) demand new strategies that guide the work on self-determination. In addition, the development of inclusive research involving the real partic...
Revista Colombiana de Educación, 2019
La autodeterminación se ha convertido en un constructo clave para garantizarel principio de inclu... more La autodeterminación se ha convertido en un constructo clave para garantizarel principio de inclusión educativa. El desarrollo de estas habilidades, entre otrosbeneficios, permite a los estudiantes con discapacidad fomentar su participaciónen el currículum ordinario e incrementar sus competencias para el desarrollo deuna vida independiente. En este artículo de investigación se presenta un estudioque, mediante la aplicación de la Escala arc-inico, evalúa las autopercepciones de264 estudiantes chilenos con discapacidad intelectual sobre su autodeterminación. Los principales resultados evidencian bajos niveles de autodeterminación y escaso manejo de habilidades relacionadas con el autoconocimiento, el locus de control interno o la autodefensa. Además, la severidad de la discapacidad o el tipo de establecimiento educativo se identifican como factores incidentes en el logro de esta importante meta. El análisis de los resultados a la luz de la literatura, revela la importancia de reorient...
Interdisciplinaria. Revista de Psicología y Ciencias Afines
La autodeterminación es un constructo clave para garantizar el desarrollo de habilidades que perm... more La autodeterminación es un constructo clave para garantizar el desarrollo de habilidades que permitan a las personas con discapacidad intelectual adquirir el control sobre sus vidas. Este estudio busca conocer los niveles de autodeterminación de 516 adultos con discapacidad intelectual en proceso de envejecimiento y algunas variables que inciden en su desarrollo. Desde un enfoque cuantitativo, los datos se han recopilado con una escala ad hoc elaborada desde el modelo funcional de autodeterminación. Las evidencias se han analizado mediante estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales. Los niveles de autodeterminación de la mayoría de los participantes se sitúan en un rango bajo. Los principales resultados muestran cómo el desarrollo de competencias relacionadas con la autodefensa o el autoconocimiento está muy descendido a diferencia de otras habilidades como la realización de elecciones o la resolución de problemas. Además, la severidad de la discapacidad, la edad, el lugar de residen...
PDC '20: Proceedings of the 16th Participatory Design Conference 2020, 2020
People with intellectual disabilities are relevant actors in the design processes that aim to pro... more People with intellectual disabilities are relevant actors in the design processes that aim to promote their independent living. We argue that it is necessary to extend and adapt existing codesign methods in order to incorporate this community into user-centred design processes fully. This paper presents a series of methods and adaptations carried out over three years, in the context of inclusive research. Throughout the codesign process, we have identified four different phases: preparation, fieldwork, ideation and validation. Within this framework, we present adaptations and supports, which may facilitate the participation of people with intellectual disability in research and design processes. Among the central adaptations and supports, we distinguish those of content, structure and operation. This initial but comprehensive effort aims to distil transferable knowledge for facilitating the participation of people with intellectual disabilities as valuable design team members.