Carlo Schmidt | UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (original) (raw)
Papers by Carlo Schmidt
Revista Brasileira de Educação Especial, 2012
RESUMO: o presente artigo trata de uma análise do filme Temple Grandin o qual apresenta um panora... more RESUMO: o presente artigo trata de uma análise do filme Temple Grandin o qual apresenta um panorama do autismo a partir da experiência singular de vida da protagonista. É apresentada uma breve sinopse do filme que descreve a trajetória de uma pessoa com autismo no enfrentamento de barreiras cotidianas em uma época em que esta condição ainda era muito pouco conhecida. A análise retoma alguns recortes do filme e apóia-se em dados atuais da literatura para discutir pontos referentes ao autismo. Entre outras, discutem-se as especificidades e perspectivas futuras dos diagnósticos categóricos e dimensionais no autismo, bem como as persistentes confusões com nomenclaturas. É revista a noção historicamente construída da pessoa com autismo como extremamente inteligente, propondo desconstruir este estereótipo a partir do entendimento destas habilidades sob o escopo de teorias cognitivas que as definem como partes de um estilo cognitivo diferente. Também são abordadas brevemente as alterações sensoriais presentes no autismo, as quais impulsionam Temple a desenvolver a máquina do abraço para auxiliar pessoas como ela a lidar com dificuldades interpessoais, que muitas vezes são confundidas com inexpressão afetiva. Por fim, são retomadas as correlações outrora sugeridas entre a qualidade da parentalidade e o autismo, conforme ilustrada no filme. Não se pretende aqui esgotar o assunto em uma análise extensa e profunda, mas oferecer uma compreensão teórica sobre a obra.
Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica
Many studies have shown evidence of high levels of stress in families with autistic children. Con... more Many studies have shown evidence of high levels of stress in families with autistic children. Concerning this process, it is important to consider the coping strategies used by family members in face of the adverse circumstances. The purpose of this study is to investigate the coping strategies of mothers when dealing with their autistic children, as well as how they deal with their own emotions unleashed by the stress. Thirty mothers, between 30 and 56 years old participated in the study. Their children have met the criteria for autism and attended special education schools. The coping strategies were investigated using a semi-structured interview, which was transcribed and analyzed by content analysis. The main difficulties refer to the child's behavior. In relation to these difficulties, the strategy used by the mothers was predominantly direct action and acceptance. Concerning the strategies to deal with their own emotions, the most frequent categories were distraction, reac...
The objective of this research is to investigate the teacher´s perception of the inclusion proces... more The objective of this research is to investigate the teacher´s perception of the inclusion process of their students with Autistic Spectrum Disorder – ASD – in the early school years, in the south of Brazil. A semi-structured interview about this process was used, which covered four dimensions: Presence, Participation, Acceptance and Learning. The Presence investigates if the educational practices with this student happen jointly or independently from his/hers classmates; the Participation aims to detect if the student is engaged in joint activities with classmates and teachers, providing data about the quality of the educational experiences. The Acceptance analyses the perception and posture of the classmates, teachers and the school members towards the student with autism, and lastly, the Learning heads to the academic, emotional and social earnings. Preliminary results regarding the interview of one of the teachers showed that the teacher: a) Recognizes the relevance of the socia...
Besides psychoeducational and psychopharmacological approaches to treating the symptoms of Autism... more Besides psychoeducational and psychopharmacological approaches to treating the symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), there are some less traditional treatment modalities. Therapeutic Horseback Riding (THR) is a large method used around the world for several physical and psychological diseases. The goal of THR is to promote physical, emotional, cognitive and social growth of the riders. In the ASD riders, the evidences rely on the belief that being around, grooming, working with the horse, as well as riding the horse can promote these benefits. Rigorous scientific evidence of any form of treatment is necessary for verification and reliability of its benefits. This poster presents an overview of the major evidences of the THR in ASD. The purpose is to show to families, educators and public politicians that THR can be an important and reliable practice to be incorporated in the routine of the person with ASD. A systematic review was conducted in eight databases. Thirty four eligi...
Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria, 2012
To translate into Brazilian Portuguese the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), an extrem... more To translate into Brazilian Portuguese the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), an extremely useful diagnostic tool in autism. A case-control study was done to validate the ADI-R. After being translated, the interview was applied in a sample of 20 patients with autism and 20 patients with intellectual disability without autism, in order to obtain the initial psychometric properties. The internal consistency was high, with a of Crombach of 0.967. The validity of criterion had sensitivity and specificity of 100%, having as a gold standard the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. The interview had high discriminant validity, with higher scores in the group of patients with autism, as well as high interobserver consistency, with median kappa of 0.824. The final version of ADI-R had satisfactory psychometric characteristics, indicating good preliminary validation properties. The instrument needs to be applied in bigger samples in other areas of the country.
Resumo Estudos têm apontado evidências de estresse em famílias de portadores de autismo. Neste pr... more Resumo Estudos têm apontado evidências de estresse em famílias de portadores de autismo. Neste processo, deve-se considerar as estratégias de coping utilizadas pelos familiares frente às circunstância s adversas. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as estratégias de coping maternas frente a dificuldades dos portadores de autismo, assim como as estratégias das mães para lidar com as próprias emoções desencadeadas
Revista Educação Especial, 2013
ABSTRACT Brazilian legislation mandates that all children with disabilities have access to genera... more ABSTRACT Brazilian legislation mandates that all children with disabilities have access to general education, including those with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). While the benefits of mainstreamed education have been described in numerous studies, the topic remains controversial, particularly regarding the competence of general schools in addressing the needs of students with ASD. The purpose of this article is to describe what studies published between 2008 and 2013 have revealed about the educational inclusion of people with ASD in Brazil. The results indicate that the access of these students to regular classrooms increased after the popularization of the inclusion paradigm. In spite of this fact, investigations suggest that school personnel have scarce knowledge concerning the syndrome and the educational strategies applied in schools may entail little effect on the learning process of these students
Revista Brasileira de Educação Especial, 2012
RESUMO: o presente artigo trata de uma análise do filme Temple Grandin o qual apresenta um panora... more RESUMO: o presente artigo trata de uma análise do filme Temple Grandin o qual apresenta um panorama do autismo a partir da experiência singular de vida da protagonista. É apresentada uma breve sinopse do filme que descreve a trajetória de uma pessoa com autismo no enfrentamento de barreiras cotidianas em uma época em que esta condição ainda era muito pouco conhecida. A análise retoma alguns recortes do filme e apóia-se em dados atuais da literatura para discutir pontos referentes ao autismo. Entre outras, discutem-se as especificidades e perspectivas futuras dos diagnósticos categóricos e dimensionais no autismo, bem como as persistentes confusões com nomenclaturas. É revista a noção historicamente construída da pessoa com autismo como extremamente inteligente, propondo desconstruir este estereótipo a partir do entendimento destas habilidades sob o escopo de teorias cognitivas que as definem como partes de um estilo cognitivo diferente. Também são abordadas brevemente as alterações sensoriais presentes no autismo, as quais impulsionam Temple a desenvolver a máquina do abraço para auxiliar pessoas como ela a lidar com dificuldades interpessoais, que muitas vezes são confundidas com inexpressão afetiva. Por fim, são retomadas as correlações outrora sugeridas entre a qualidade da parentalidade e o autismo, conforme ilustrada no filme. Não se pretende aqui esgotar o assunto em uma análise extensa e profunda, mas oferecer uma compreensão teórica sobre a obra.
Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica
Many studies have shown evidence of high levels of stress in families with autistic children. Con... more Many studies have shown evidence of high levels of stress in families with autistic children. Concerning this process, it is important to consider the coping strategies used by family members in face of the adverse circumstances. The purpose of this study is to investigate the coping strategies of mothers when dealing with their autistic children, as well as how they deal with their own emotions unleashed by the stress. Thirty mothers, between 30 and 56 years old participated in the study. Their children have met the criteria for autism and attended special education schools. The coping strategies were investigated using a semi-structured interview, which was transcribed and analyzed by content analysis. The main difficulties refer to the child's behavior. In relation to these difficulties, the strategy used by the mothers was predominantly direct action and acceptance. Concerning the strategies to deal with their own emotions, the most frequent categories were distraction, reac...
The objective of this research is to investigate the teacher´s perception of the inclusion proces... more The objective of this research is to investigate the teacher´s perception of the inclusion process of their students with Autistic Spectrum Disorder – ASD – in the early school years, in the south of Brazil. A semi-structured interview about this process was used, which covered four dimensions: Presence, Participation, Acceptance and Learning. The Presence investigates if the educational practices with this student happen jointly or independently from his/hers classmates; the Participation aims to detect if the student is engaged in joint activities with classmates and teachers, providing data about the quality of the educational experiences. The Acceptance analyses the perception and posture of the classmates, teachers and the school members towards the student with autism, and lastly, the Learning heads to the academic, emotional and social earnings. Preliminary results regarding the interview of one of the teachers showed that the teacher: a) Recognizes the relevance of the socia...
Besides psychoeducational and psychopharmacological approaches to treating the symptoms of Autism... more Besides psychoeducational and psychopharmacological approaches to treating the symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), there are some less traditional treatment modalities. Therapeutic Horseback Riding (THR) is a large method used around the world for several physical and psychological diseases. The goal of THR is to promote physical, emotional, cognitive and social growth of the riders. In the ASD riders, the evidences rely on the belief that being around, grooming, working with the horse, as well as riding the horse can promote these benefits. Rigorous scientific evidence of any form of treatment is necessary for verification and reliability of its benefits. This poster presents an overview of the major evidences of the THR in ASD. The purpose is to show to families, educators and public politicians that THR can be an important and reliable practice to be incorporated in the routine of the person with ASD. A systematic review was conducted in eight databases. Thirty four eligi...
Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria, 2012
To translate into Brazilian Portuguese the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), an extrem... more To translate into Brazilian Portuguese the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), an extremely useful diagnostic tool in autism. A case-control study was done to validate the ADI-R. After being translated, the interview was applied in a sample of 20 patients with autism and 20 patients with intellectual disability without autism, in order to obtain the initial psychometric properties. The internal consistency was high, with a of Crombach of 0.967. The validity of criterion had sensitivity and specificity of 100%, having as a gold standard the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. The interview had high discriminant validity, with higher scores in the group of patients with autism, as well as high interobserver consistency, with median kappa of 0.824. The final version of ADI-R had satisfactory psychometric characteristics, indicating good preliminary validation properties. The instrument needs to be applied in bigger samples in other areas of the country.
Resumo Estudos têm apontado evidências de estresse em famílias de portadores de autismo. Neste pr... more Resumo Estudos têm apontado evidências de estresse em famílias de portadores de autismo. Neste processo, deve-se considerar as estratégias de coping utilizadas pelos familiares frente às circunstância s adversas. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as estratégias de coping maternas frente a dificuldades dos portadores de autismo, assim como as estratégias das mães para lidar com as próprias emoções desencadeadas
Revista Educação Especial, 2013
ABSTRACT Brazilian legislation mandates that all children with disabilities have access to genera... more ABSTRACT Brazilian legislation mandates that all children with disabilities have access to general education, including those with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). While the benefits of mainstreamed education have been described in numerous studies, the topic remains controversial, particularly regarding the competence of general schools in addressing the needs of students with ASD. The purpose of this article is to describe what studies published between 2008 and 2013 have revealed about the educational inclusion of people with ASD in Brazil. The results indicate that the access of these students to regular classrooms increased after the popularization of the inclusion paradigm. In spite of this fact, investigations suggest that school personnel have scarce knowledge concerning the syndrome and the educational strategies applied in schools may entail little effect on the learning process of these students