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Papers by Johan Arntzen

De arkeologiske undersøkelsene av Kalvik krigsfangeleir ble gjennomført med finansiering fra Stat... more De arkeologiske undersøkelsene av Kalvik krigsfangeleir ble gjennomført med finansiering fra Statens Vegvesen, Nordland fylkeskommune og Riksantikvaren med bakgrunn i utbedring av E6 i Sørfold kommune, Nordland fylke. Undersøkelsen, som ble gjennomført av AHR ved UiT, Norges arktiske universitet, foregikk høsten 2017. Feltarbeidet inkluderte arkeologisk utgraving, detaljert dokumentasjon av synlige kulturminner, systematisk metallsøk samt prøvetaking for jordkjemiske analyser. Som en del av arbeidet har også skriftlige kilder samt kart- og fotomateriale blitt gjennomgått. Resultatene detaljerer kunnskapen om Kalvik fangeleir på flere områder med særlig vekt på fangenes dagligliv i fangeleiren. Både jordkjemi og arkeologiske resultater indikerer at leiren har vært inndelt i en forlegningsdel og en produksjonsdel. Funnmaterialet viser ulike typer produksjonsaktivitet både av privat karakter og av en type som har vært initiert av tyskerne. Dokumentasjonsmaterialet avdekker også flere ukjente detaljer ved leirens intrikate oppbygging og dens logistiske løsninger.

In this article, we present a discussion of Late Bronze Age farming close to the northern cereal ... more In this article, we present a discussion of Late Bronze Age farming close to the northern cereal limit in Norway based on archaeological and palaeobotanical evidence from Sandvika, Tromsø municipality, Troms County. Here, a three-aisled longhouse was constructed on a meadow close to the marine shoreline between 1000 and 800 BC. We propose that the site represents a short-term settlement with Nordic Bronze Age characteristics and, based on the presence of bone fragments found in association with a fireplace, an economy relying on both animal husbandry and fishing/hunting. No clear evidence of cereal cultivation
was found at the site, although the climate at this time would have been suitable and indications of cereal growth are seen in the palaeobotanical records of other sites in the vicinity. However, there is evidence that the site was exposed for several hundreds of years after its abandonment, and the absence of proper indicative plant macrofossils might also be explained by taphonomic loss.

In Sandvika, located at nearly 70° latitude in northern Norway, evidence of a settlement site wit... more In Sandvika, located at nearly 70° latitude in northern Norway, evidence of a settlement site with clear connections to the Nordic Bronze Age complex was investigated in 2013. The features uncovered included a three-aisled longhouse and several cooking pits. The artefacts consisted of asbestos-tempered ceramics, soapstone vessels and a fragment of a soapstone mould for casting a socketed axe. Burnt animal bones recovered from a fireplace indicate the presence of domesticated animals in the form of sheep or goat. Also fragments of seal and fish bones were uncovered, and seen in connection with the find of a fishing sinker a strictly agrarian economy is out of the question. 14C-dating indicates a main habitation phase between c 1000–800 BC, a date also supported by the artefact material as well as the construction type of the building. The site mirrors the only other Late Bronze Age house in northern Norway as well as settlements further south. The Sandvika locality also sheds new light on the so-called drift sand sites found on the northern Norwegian coast. It is suggested that these sites have been of the same type as the one in Sandvika. Nonetheless, it is highlighted that this settlement hardly can be understood as a mirror image of what is found further south, and that it must be understood in light of its local and regional setting.

The Border of Farming Shetland and Scandinavia. Neolithic and Bronze Age Farming, 2013

Jordbruksbosetningens utvikling på Vestlandet. Kunnskapsstatus, presentasjon av nye resultater og fremtidige problemstillinger. UBAS 7 , 2013

Kaul, F. & L. Sørensen (red.): Agrarsamfundenes ekspansion i nord. Nordlige Verdener, Nationalmuseet. København. pp. 183-194., 2012

Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, Jan 28, 2012

Palaeoecological investigations of mires suggest that agriculture was established north of the Ar... more Palaeoecological investigations of mires suggest that agriculture was established north of the Arctic Circle in Norway during the late Bronze Age (1100–500 b.c.) and Pre-Roman Iron Age (500–1 b.c.). The lack of archaeobotanical and archaeological investigations has made it difficult to assess the nature of this early agricultural expansion into the Arctic in any detail. Here we present the first well documented archaeobotanical investigation from north Norway that covers this agricultural pioneer phase. Remains of charred seeds show that barley (Hordeum) was already being cultivated in the late Bronze Age, and that wheat (Triticum) was introduced in the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Large amounts of crowberry (Empetrum) seeds are also typical of the Pre-Roman Iron Age and were obviously an important food plant at the time, at least locally. Charcoal rich layers dated to the late Bronze Age suggest that the local birch forest was initially cleared away with the help of fire, possibly related to a slash-and-burn cultivation practice. Lithostratigraphic and pollen-analytical results indicate that the cultivation practice of the Pre-Roman Iron Age was a form of bush-fallow system with intensive soil re-working alternated with long periods of fallow.

TROMURA Kulturvitenskap nr. 39, Jan 1, 2010

Edited books by Johan Arntzen

by Frode Iversen, Håkan Petersson, Kristin Armstrong Oma, Arne Anderson Stamnes, Christian Løchsen Rødsrud, Barbro Dahl, Grethe Bjørkan Bukkemoen, Geir Grønnesby, Trond Meling, Christin E. Jensen, Johan Arntzen, Lars Erik Gjerpe, Even Bjørdal, Raymond Sauvage, Marte Mokkelbost, Kari Loe Hjelle, Lisbeth Prøsch-Danielsen, and Sean D Denham

The 14 articles presented in this publication represent some of the latest and most relevant rese... more The 14 articles presented in this publication represent some of the latest and most relevant research on rural settlement and farming from the Late Neolithic through the Early Medieval Period in Norway. It deals with the impact of climate change, plague and the AD 536-7 volcanic event and some of the earliest farms north of the Arctic Circle. It provides new perspectives and archaeological evidence for the Viking age farm of Norway, differences in regional settlement structures of agrarian societies, the relation between houses and graves in the Iron Age, and varying food practices as indicators of societal change.

The publication is part of the Joint Research Program (Forskning i fellesskap) conducted by the University Museums of Norway and co-funded by The Research Council of Norway.

De arkeologiske undersøkelsene av Kalvik krigsfangeleir ble gjennomført med finansiering fra Stat... more De arkeologiske undersøkelsene av Kalvik krigsfangeleir ble gjennomført med finansiering fra Statens Vegvesen, Nordland fylkeskommune og Riksantikvaren med bakgrunn i utbedring av E6 i Sørfold kommune, Nordland fylke. Undersøkelsen, som ble gjennomført av AHR ved UiT, Norges arktiske universitet, foregikk høsten 2017. Feltarbeidet inkluderte arkeologisk utgraving, detaljert dokumentasjon av synlige kulturminner, systematisk metallsøk samt prøvetaking for jordkjemiske analyser. Som en del av arbeidet har også skriftlige kilder samt kart- og fotomateriale blitt gjennomgått. Resultatene detaljerer kunnskapen om Kalvik fangeleir på flere områder med særlig vekt på fangenes dagligliv i fangeleiren. Både jordkjemi og arkeologiske resultater indikerer at leiren har vært inndelt i en forlegningsdel og en produksjonsdel. Funnmaterialet viser ulike typer produksjonsaktivitet både av privat karakter og av en type som har vært initiert av tyskerne. Dokumentasjonsmaterialet avdekker også flere ukjente detaljer ved leirens intrikate oppbygging og dens logistiske løsninger.

In this article, we present a discussion of Late Bronze Age farming close to the northern cereal ... more In this article, we present a discussion of Late Bronze Age farming close to the northern cereal limit in Norway based on archaeological and palaeobotanical evidence from Sandvika, Tromsø municipality, Troms County. Here, a three-aisled longhouse was constructed on a meadow close to the marine shoreline between 1000 and 800 BC. We propose that the site represents a short-term settlement with Nordic Bronze Age characteristics and, based on the presence of bone fragments found in association with a fireplace, an economy relying on both animal husbandry and fishing/hunting. No clear evidence of cereal cultivation
was found at the site, although the climate at this time would have been suitable and indications of cereal growth are seen in the palaeobotanical records of other sites in the vicinity. However, there is evidence that the site was exposed for several hundreds of years after its abandonment, and the absence of proper indicative plant macrofossils might also be explained by taphonomic loss.

In Sandvika, located at nearly 70° latitude in northern Norway, evidence of a settlement site wit... more In Sandvika, located at nearly 70° latitude in northern Norway, evidence of a settlement site with clear connections to the Nordic Bronze Age complex was investigated in 2013. The features uncovered included a three-aisled longhouse and several cooking pits. The artefacts consisted of asbestos-tempered ceramics, soapstone vessels and a fragment of a soapstone mould for casting a socketed axe. Burnt animal bones recovered from a fireplace indicate the presence of domesticated animals in the form of sheep or goat. Also fragments of seal and fish bones were uncovered, and seen in connection with the find of a fishing sinker a strictly agrarian economy is out of the question. 14C-dating indicates a main habitation phase between c 1000–800 BC, a date also supported by the artefact material as well as the construction type of the building. The site mirrors the only other Late Bronze Age house in northern Norway as well as settlements further south. The Sandvika locality also sheds new light on the so-called drift sand sites found on the northern Norwegian coast. It is suggested that these sites have been of the same type as the one in Sandvika. Nonetheless, it is highlighted that this settlement hardly can be understood as a mirror image of what is found further south, and that it must be understood in light of its local and regional setting.

The Border of Farming Shetland and Scandinavia. Neolithic and Bronze Age Farming, 2013

Jordbruksbosetningens utvikling på Vestlandet. Kunnskapsstatus, presentasjon av nye resultater og fremtidige problemstillinger. UBAS 7 , 2013

Kaul, F. & L. Sørensen (red.): Agrarsamfundenes ekspansion i nord. Nordlige Verdener, Nationalmuseet. København. pp. 183-194., 2012

Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, Jan 28, 2012

Palaeoecological investigations of mires suggest that agriculture was established north of the Ar... more Palaeoecological investigations of mires suggest that agriculture was established north of the Arctic Circle in Norway during the late Bronze Age (1100–500 b.c.) and Pre-Roman Iron Age (500–1 b.c.). The lack of archaeobotanical and archaeological investigations has made it difficult to assess the nature of this early agricultural expansion into the Arctic in any detail. Here we present the first well documented archaeobotanical investigation from north Norway that covers this agricultural pioneer phase. Remains of charred seeds show that barley (Hordeum) was already being cultivated in the late Bronze Age, and that wheat (Triticum) was introduced in the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Large amounts of crowberry (Empetrum) seeds are also typical of the Pre-Roman Iron Age and were obviously an important food plant at the time, at least locally. Charcoal rich layers dated to the late Bronze Age suggest that the local birch forest was initially cleared away with the help of fire, possibly related to a slash-and-burn cultivation practice. Lithostratigraphic and pollen-analytical results indicate that the cultivation practice of the Pre-Roman Iron Age was a form of bush-fallow system with intensive soil re-working alternated with long periods of fallow.

TROMURA Kulturvitenskap nr. 39, Jan 1, 2010

by Frode Iversen, Håkan Petersson, Kristin Armstrong Oma, Arne Anderson Stamnes, Christian Løchsen Rødsrud, Barbro Dahl, Grethe Bjørkan Bukkemoen, Geir Grønnesby, Trond Meling, Christin E. Jensen, Johan Arntzen, Lars Erik Gjerpe, Even Bjørdal, Raymond Sauvage, Marte Mokkelbost, Kari Loe Hjelle, Lisbeth Prøsch-Danielsen, and Sean D Denham

The 14 articles presented in this publication represent some of the latest and most relevant rese... more The 14 articles presented in this publication represent some of the latest and most relevant research on rural settlement and farming from the Late Neolithic through the Early Medieval Period in Norway. It deals with the impact of climate change, plague and the AD 536-7 volcanic event and some of the earliest farms north of the Arctic Circle. It provides new perspectives and archaeological evidence for the Viking age farm of Norway, differences in regional settlement structures of agrarian societies, the relation between houses and graves in the Iron Age, and varying food practices as indicators of societal change.

The publication is part of the Joint Research Program (Forskning i fellesskap) conducted by the University Museums of Norway and co-funded by The Research Council of Norway.