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Papers by NORAZAN MOHAMED RAMLI
Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Sports Science, Exercise, Engineering and Technology 2014 (ICoSSEET 2014), 2014
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2012
Brainstorming is a series of procedures designed to maximize the productivity of groups. This stu... more Brainstorming is a series of procedures designed to maximize the productivity of groups. This study examines two main factors, production loss and ownership of the topic that influence the performance in group brainstorming. 115 groups from 6 different universities have participated in this experiment study. The data is analyzed at group-level. Results reveal that production blocking is negatively related to the group brainstorming performance whereas evaluation apprehension is positively related to the performance of group brainstorming. Ownership of the topic is related to the performance too. The results are of potential interest to industrial design context, educators, and researchers.
In statistical inference we are often concerned in procuring the standard errors of the estimates... more In statistical inference we are often concerned in procuring the standard errors of the estimates of parameters and their confidence intervals. The t and the z statistics used to construct confidence intervals require the observations to come from a normal distribution. However, in many practical situations, the normality assumptions might not be guaranteed especially when outliers are present in the data. As an alternative one may think of considering bootstrap techniques which does not rely on the normality assumption. It is now evident that the existence of outliers in the original sample can cause a serious problem to the classical bootstrap estimates although statistics practitioners, unfortunately, are not much aware of this fact. Even if the original sample contains a single outlier, there is a possibility that the bootstrap samples may contain many outliers and consequently classical bootstrap technique may produce worse results. Here we present a new weighted bootstrap with...
2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER), 2012
ABSTRACT The application of logistic regression is widely used in medical research. The detection... more ABSTRACT The application of logistic regression is widely used in medical research. The detection of outliers has become an essential part of logistic regression. It is often observed outliers have a considerable influence on the analysis results, which may lead the study to the wrong conclusions. Many procedures for the identification of outliers in logistic regression are available in the literature. In this paper, four methods for outlier detection have been investigated and compared through numerical examples.
ISRN Urology, 2013
Objective. To confirm safety and feasibility of double J stent insertion under local anesthesia a... more Objective. To confirm safety and feasibility of double J stent insertion under local anesthesia and to assess the effect of detailed explanation and observing double J stent insertion on pain experience of male patients. Material and Methods. Eighty consenting males, randomized and divided prospectively into group A, who were allowed to observe DJ stent insertion, and group B, were not observed. All DJ stent insertions were done by senior urologist in operating urology room with or without fluoroscopy guidance. At the end of the procedure the vital signs and duration of the procedure were documented and patients were asked to fill unmarked 100 mm visual analogue pain scale (VAS) as soon as the surgeon leaves operating room. Results. Mean age of entire study group was 38.8 years; the majority of the patients had DJ stent insertion for obstructed ureteric stone, with uneventful outcomes. Postprocedural systolic blood pressure and mean pain using VAS showed statistically significant difference between groups A and B. Conclusion. DJ stent insertion under local anesthesia is a safe and feasible procedure. We recommended self-watching and detailed explanation to patients who underwent DJ stent insertion to reduce the pain and anxiety associated with the procedure.
ABSTRACT Estimation of residential water consumption is not an easy task and can be considered as... more ABSTRACT Estimation of residential water consumption is not an easy task and can be considered as very challenging. Estimation conducted by water suppliers based on per capita consumption (PCC) has been found to vary significantly. Environmental, social and economic factors are identified in contributing to the high variation of domestic water consumption estimation. Hence, estimation methods based on data on per capita consumption may not be the best available methods to provide accurate estimation of residential water consumption. Therefore, it is timely for the development of new alternative methods that can provide better estimation of residential water consumption. This paper investigates the challenges in determining attributes that are essential in generation of prediction models for estimating domestic water consumption using consumer data. A case study is presented followed by discussion on the main issues and challenges in determining attributes for the estimation of water consumption.
ABSTRACT The concept of Private Financial Initiative (PFI) has been implemented by many developed... more ABSTRACT The concept of Private Financial Initiative (PFI) has been implemented by many developed countries as an innovative way for the governments to improve future public service delivery and infrastructure procurement. However, the idea is just about to germinate in Malaysia and its success is still vague. The major phase that needs to be given main attention in this agenda is value for money whereby optimum efficiency and effectiveness of each expense is attained. Therefore, at the early stage of this study, estimating unitary charges or materials price indexes in each region in Malaysia was the key objective. This particular study aims to discover the best forecasting method to estimate unitary charges price indexes in construction industry by different regions in the central region of Peninsular Malaysia (Selangor, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Negeri Sembilan, and Melaka). The unitary charges indexes data used were from year 2002 to 2011 monthly data of different states in the central region Peninsular Malaysia, comprising price indexes of aggregate, sand, steel reinforcement, ready mix concrete, bricks and partition, roof material, floor and wall finishes, ceiling, plumbing materials, sanitary fittings, paint, glass, steel and metal sections, timber and plywood. At the end of the study, it was found that Backpropagation Neural Network with linear transfer function produced the most accurate and reliable results for estimating unitary charges price indexes in every states in central region Peninsular Malaysia based on the Root Mean Squared Errors, where the values for both estimation and evaluation sets were approximately zero and highly significant at p < 0.01. Therefore, artificial neural network is sufficient to forecast construction materials price indexes in Malaysia. The estimated price indexes of construction materials will contribute significantly to the value for money of PFI as well as towards Malaysian economical growth.
2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER), 2012
ABSTRACT Malaysia is aiming towards a developed country by the year 2020. Therefore, implementati... more ABSTRACT Malaysia is aiming towards a developed country by the year 2020. Therefore, implementation of Private Financial Initiative (PFI) in Malaysia is needed as a procurement method to improve the delivery and quality of infrastructure facilities and public services in this country. The most essential aspect that needs to be fulfilled in this program is value for money (VFM) whereby maximum efficiency and effectiveness of every purchase is attained. Hence, at the preliminary stage of this study, estimating materials price index in Malaysia is the main objective. This particular paper aims to discover the best forecasting method to estimate cement price index by different regions in Malaysia since cement is the main material used in construction industry. Cement index data used were from year 2005 to 2011 monthly data of different regions in Peninsular Malaysia, and year 2003 to 2011 monthly data in both Sabah and Sarawak. It was found that Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) with linear transfer function produced the most accurate and reliable results for estimating cement price index in every region in Malaysia. The neural network models selection were based on the Root Mean Squared Errors (RMSE), where the values were approximately zero errors and highly significant at p
Abstract:-This paper presents an analysis on the contrast enhancement function combined with shar... more Abstract:-This paper presents an analysis on the contrast enhancement function combined with sharpening filter applied on digital Intra-oral dental radiographs images. Intra-oral dental radiograph is a common medium used in dentistry to examine gum related diseases. Due to the fact that radiograph images usually are noisy and low in contrast, research related to image enhancement is an active research area.
Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Sports Science, Exercise, Engineering and Technology 2014 (ICoSSEET 2014), 2014
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2012
Brainstorming is a series of procedures designed to maximize the productivity of groups. This stu... more Brainstorming is a series of procedures designed to maximize the productivity of groups. This study examines two main factors, production loss and ownership of the topic that influence the performance in group brainstorming. 115 groups from 6 different universities have participated in this experiment study. The data is analyzed at group-level. Results reveal that production blocking is negatively related to the group brainstorming performance whereas evaluation apprehension is positively related to the performance of group brainstorming. Ownership of the topic is related to the performance too. The results are of potential interest to industrial design context, educators, and researchers.
In statistical inference we are often concerned in procuring the standard errors of the estimates... more In statistical inference we are often concerned in procuring the standard errors of the estimates of parameters and their confidence intervals. The t and the z statistics used to construct confidence intervals require the observations to come from a normal distribution. However, in many practical situations, the normality assumptions might not be guaranteed especially when outliers are present in the data. As an alternative one may think of considering bootstrap techniques which does not rely on the normality assumption. It is now evident that the existence of outliers in the original sample can cause a serious problem to the classical bootstrap estimates although statistics practitioners, unfortunately, are not much aware of this fact. Even if the original sample contains a single outlier, there is a possibility that the bootstrap samples may contain many outliers and consequently classical bootstrap technique may produce worse results. Here we present a new weighted bootstrap with...
2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER), 2012
ABSTRACT The application of logistic regression is widely used in medical research. The detection... more ABSTRACT The application of logistic regression is widely used in medical research. The detection of outliers has become an essential part of logistic regression. It is often observed outliers have a considerable influence on the analysis results, which may lead the study to the wrong conclusions. Many procedures for the identification of outliers in logistic regression are available in the literature. In this paper, four methods for outlier detection have been investigated and compared through numerical examples.
ISRN Urology, 2013
Objective. To confirm safety and feasibility of double J stent insertion under local anesthesia a... more Objective. To confirm safety and feasibility of double J stent insertion under local anesthesia and to assess the effect of detailed explanation and observing double J stent insertion on pain experience of male patients. Material and Methods. Eighty consenting males, randomized and divided prospectively into group A, who were allowed to observe DJ stent insertion, and group B, were not observed. All DJ stent insertions were done by senior urologist in operating urology room with or without fluoroscopy guidance. At the end of the procedure the vital signs and duration of the procedure were documented and patients were asked to fill unmarked 100 mm visual analogue pain scale (VAS) as soon as the surgeon leaves operating room. Results. Mean age of entire study group was 38.8 years; the majority of the patients had DJ stent insertion for obstructed ureteric stone, with uneventful outcomes. Postprocedural systolic blood pressure and mean pain using VAS showed statistically significant difference between groups A and B. Conclusion. DJ stent insertion under local anesthesia is a safe and feasible procedure. We recommended self-watching and detailed explanation to patients who underwent DJ stent insertion to reduce the pain and anxiety associated with the procedure.
ABSTRACT Estimation of residential water consumption is not an easy task and can be considered as... more ABSTRACT Estimation of residential water consumption is not an easy task and can be considered as very challenging. Estimation conducted by water suppliers based on per capita consumption (PCC) has been found to vary significantly. Environmental, social and economic factors are identified in contributing to the high variation of domestic water consumption estimation. Hence, estimation methods based on data on per capita consumption may not be the best available methods to provide accurate estimation of residential water consumption. Therefore, it is timely for the development of new alternative methods that can provide better estimation of residential water consumption. This paper investigates the challenges in determining attributes that are essential in generation of prediction models for estimating domestic water consumption using consumer data. A case study is presented followed by discussion on the main issues and challenges in determining attributes for the estimation of water consumption.
ABSTRACT The concept of Private Financial Initiative (PFI) has been implemented by many developed... more ABSTRACT The concept of Private Financial Initiative (PFI) has been implemented by many developed countries as an innovative way for the governments to improve future public service delivery and infrastructure procurement. However, the idea is just about to germinate in Malaysia and its success is still vague. The major phase that needs to be given main attention in this agenda is value for money whereby optimum efficiency and effectiveness of each expense is attained. Therefore, at the early stage of this study, estimating unitary charges or materials price indexes in each region in Malaysia was the key objective. This particular study aims to discover the best forecasting method to estimate unitary charges price indexes in construction industry by different regions in the central region of Peninsular Malaysia (Selangor, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Negeri Sembilan, and Melaka). The unitary charges indexes data used were from year 2002 to 2011 monthly data of different states in the central region Peninsular Malaysia, comprising price indexes of aggregate, sand, steel reinforcement, ready mix concrete, bricks and partition, roof material, floor and wall finishes, ceiling, plumbing materials, sanitary fittings, paint, glass, steel and metal sections, timber and plywood. At the end of the study, it was found that Backpropagation Neural Network with linear transfer function produced the most accurate and reliable results for estimating unitary charges price indexes in every states in central region Peninsular Malaysia based on the Root Mean Squared Errors, where the values for both estimation and evaluation sets were approximately zero and highly significant at p < 0.01. Therefore, artificial neural network is sufficient to forecast construction materials price indexes in Malaysia. The estimated price indexes of construction materials will contribute significantly to the value for money of PFI as well as towards Malaysian economical growth.
2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER), 2012
ABSTRACT Malaysia is aiming towards a developed country by the year 2020. Therefore, implementati... more ABSTRACT Malaysia is aiming towards a developed country by the year 2020. Therefore, implementation of Private Financial Initiative (PFI) in Malaysia is needed as a procurement method to improve the delivery and quality of infrastructure facilities and public services in this country. The most essential aspect that needs to be fulfilled in this program is value for money (VFM) whereby maximum efficiency and effectiveness of every purchase is attained. Hence, at the preliminary stage of this study, estimating materials price index in Malaysia is the main objective. This particular paper aims to discover the best forecasting method to estimate cement price index by different regions in Malaysia since cement is the main material used in construction industry. Cement index data used were from year 2005 to 2011 monthly data of different regions in Peninsular Malaysia, and year 2003 to 2011 monthly data in both Sabah and Sarawak. It was found that Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) with linear transfer function produced the most accurate and reliable results for estimating cement price index in every region in Malaysia. The neural network models selection were based on the Root Mean Squared Errors (RMSE), where the values were approximately zero errors and highly significant at p
Abstract:-This paper presents an analysis on the contrast enhancement function combined with shar... more Abstract:-This paper presents an analysis on the contrast enhancement function combined with sharpening filter applied on digital Intra-oral dental radiographs images. Intra-oral dental radiograph is a common medium used in dentistry to examine gum related diseases. Due to the fact that radiograph images usually are noisy and low in contrast, research related to image enhancement is an active research area.