RAMLAN ZAILANI | Universiti Teknologi Mara (original) (raw)

Papers by RAMLAN ZAILANI

Air infiltration in mass scale industrial applications of bio char production is inevitable. The ... more Air infiltration in mass scale industrial applications of bio char production is inevitable. The presence of oxygen during the carbonization process is detrimental to the production of biochar yield and properties. The experiment was carried out on several wood species in a fixed-bed pyrolyser under various fractions of oxygen ranging from 0% to 11% by varying nitrogen and oxygen composition in the pyrolysing gas mixtures at desired compositions. The bed temperature and holding time were also varied. Process optimization was carried out by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) by employing Central Composite Design (CCD) using Design Expert 6.0 Software. The effect of oxygen ratio and holding time on biochar yield within the range studied were statistically significant. From the analysis result, optimum condition of 15.2% biochar yield of mangrove wood was predicted at pyrolysis temperature of 403 o C, oxygen percentage of 2.3% and holding time of two hours. This prediction agreed well with the experiment finding of 15.1% biochar yield.

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014

2011 IEEE Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CET), 2011

ABSTRACT Fuel combustion in a mixture of O2/CO2-recycled is an emerging technology for cost-effec... more ABSTRACT Fuel combustion in a mixture of O2/CO2-recycled is an emerging technology for cost-effective power generation with carbon capture and sequestration that has extra benefits of NOx emission reductions and lower flue gas cleanup cost. This paper presents experimental results of pulverized coal combustion in a 20 kW furnace on combustion in air and O2/CO2 mixtures. The effectiveness of oxidant staging on reducing NOx emissions was investigated for combustion in O2/CO2 mixtures in comparison to that in air combustion. The fate of recycled NOx in combustion with various oxidants and combustion conditions was also investigated. The results show that simply replacing the N2 in the combustion air with CO2 will result in a significant decrease of combustion gas temperatures. However, with a same firing rate and combustion stoichiometry, coal combustion in 30:70-O2/CO2 produced a similar flame temperature profiles to those in air combustion, while producing a significantly lower furnace NOx emission and a higher char burnout. The staged combustion tests show that oxidant-staging is a very effective method in reducing NOx emissions for coal combustion in 30:70-O2/CO2, and can be more effective than in staged-air combustion. The recycled NOx tests results show that the reduction efficiency of the recycled NO depends on the combustion media, combustion conditions and NOx recycling injection locations, and is influenced by the coal properties but not by the recycled NOx concentrations. Compared to those in air combustion, NOx reduction efficiency in 30:70-O2:CO2 is more sensitive to coal properties, particularly the coal fuel ratio.

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013

ABSTRACT The effect of helical tape inside a conical diffuser on the temperature distribution is ... more ABSTRACT The effect of helical tape inside a conical diffuser on the temperature distribution is examined. In the present paper helical tape with different pitches (20 mm, 25 mm, and 30 mm) and different tape geometries (H=10mm, 15mm) with the same pitch (30mm) are studied in order to observe their effect on the temperature distribution. The length of diffuser, inlet diameter, outlet diameter, and the divergent angle are kept constant for all pitches of tape. The analysis is carried out using CFD software using k-ε turbulence model. The results show that small pitch gives better distribution of temperature, and increasing tape height improves the distribution in the radial-tangential direction.

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013

ABSTRACT A heat pipe is a heat-transfer device that use the principles of thermal conductivity an... more ABSTRACT A heat pipe is a heat-transfer device that use the principles of thermal conductivity and phase change to transfer heat between two ends at almost constant temperature. The thermal peformance of cylindrical heat pipes depends on design parameters such as dimensions of the heat pipe, material, wick structure and the working fluid. An experimental strategy was designed to study the effect of these parameters on the thermal performance of cylindrical heat pipes. The experimental design was conceived by employing the Taguchi method. The final aim of the experiments is to come up with design parameters that will yield optimum thermal performance. This paper presents an efficient design of experiment and the associated experimental setup and procedures to be carried out in order to optimize the design of cylindrical heat pipes.

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013

ABSTRACT Heat distribution and flow behaviors in an annular diffuser with twisted rectangular hub... more ABSTRACT Heat distribution and flow behaviors in an annular diffuser with twisted rectangular hub have been numerically simulated in the present work. The study is conducted with three different twist ratios (Y/W = 2.3, 1.5, and 1.16) for Reynolds number 2.5 × 104. The geometry of the annular diffuser with the rectangular hub and the inlet condition are kept constant. The results show that heat distribution increases as twisted ratio (Y/W) decreases.

Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 1997

CHARACTERISTICS OF PYROLYSIS OIL AND CHAR FROM OIL PALM SHELLS FN ANI Fakulti Kejunrteraan Mekani... more CHARACTERISTICS OF PYROLYSIS OIL AND CHAR FROM OIL PALM SHELLS FN ANI Fakulti Kejunrteraan Mekanikal Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Sekudai, Johor Darul Tak/. im, Malaysia R. ZAILANI Engineering Department-American Degree Program MARA Institute of ...

Renewable Energy, 1999

Biomass in the form of oil palm shell was pyrolysed in an externally heated 4 cm diameter\ 29 cm ... more Biomass in the form of oil palm shell was pyrolysed in an externally heated 4 cm diameter\ 29 cm high~uidised bed pyrolysis reactor with nitrogen as the~uidising gas and silica sand as the bed material[ The pyrolysis oil was collected in a series of condenser and ice!cooled collectors[ The char was collected separately while the gases were~ared[ The e}ects of process conditions\ like~uidised bed reactor temperature\ feed size and~uidisation gas~ow rate on the product yields were studied[ The product yields were found to be signi_cantly in~uenced by the process conditions[ The composition of oil was determined at~uidised bed temperature of 499>C at which the liquid product yield was maximum[ The oil was analysed by Fourier Transform infra!red "FTIR# spectroscopy and gas chromatography:mass spectrometry "GC:MS# techniques[ In addition\ the physical properties of the oil were determined[ The results showed that the oil was highly oxygenated containing a high fraction of phenol!based compounds[ Detailed analysis of the oil showed that there was no concentration of biologically active polycyclic aromatic species in the oil[ A brief preliminary economic analysis is presented at the end of the paper "see Appendix#[ Þ 0888

Pulverized coal combustion in air and the mixtures of O 2 /CO 2 has been experimentally investiga... more Pulverized coal combustion in air and the mixtures of O 2 /CO 2 has been experimentally investigated in a 20 kW down-fired combustor (190 mm id!3 m). Detailed comparisons of gas temperature profiles, gas composition profiles, char burnouts, conversions of coal-N to NO x and coal-S to SO 2 and CO emissions have been made between coal combustion in air and coal combustion in various O 2 /CO 2 mixtures. The effectiveness of air/oxidant staging on reducing NO x emissions has also been investigated for coal combustion in air and O 2 /CO 2 mixtures. The results show that simply replacing the N 2 in the combustion air with CO 2 will result in a significant decrease of combustion gas temperatures. However, coal combustion in 30% O 2 /70% CO 2 can produce matching gas temperature profiles to those of coal combustion in air while having a lower coal-N to NO x conversion, a better char burnout and a lower CO emission. The results also confirm that air/oxidant staging is very effective in reducing NO x emissions for coal combustion in both air and a 30% O 2 /70% CO 2 mixture. SO 2 emissions are proved to be almost independent of the combustion media investigated. q

This paper presents experimental results of a 20 kW vertical combustor equipped with a single pf-... more This paper presents experimental results of a 20 kW vertical combustor equipped with a single pf-burner on pulverised coal combustion in air and O 2 /CO 2 mixtures with NO x recycle. Experimental results on combustion performance and NO x emissions of seven international bituminous coals in air and in O 2 /CO 2 mixtures confirm the previous findings of the authors that the O 2 concentration in the O 2 /CO 2 mixture has to be 30% or higher to produce matching temperature profiles to those of coal-air combustion while coal combustion in 30% O 2 /70% CO 2 leads to better coal burnout and less NO x emissions than coal combustion in air. Experimental results with NO x recycle reveal that the reduction of the recycled NO depends on the combustion media, combustion mode (staging or non-staging) and recycling location. Generally, more NO is reduced with coal combustion in 30% O 2 /70% CO 2 than with coal combustion in air. Up to 88 and 92% reductions of the recycled NO can be achieved with coal combustion in air and in 30% O 2 /70% CO 2 respectively. More NO is reduced with oxidant staging than without oxidant staging when NO is recycled through the burner. Much more NO is reduced when NO recycled through the burner (from 65 to 92%) than when NO is recycled through the staging tertiary oxidant ports (from 33 to 54%). The concentration of the recycled NO has little influence on the reduction efficiency of the recycled NO with both combustion media-air and 30% O 2 /70% CO 2 .

The presence of oxygen from air infiltration during the carbonization process of biomass is expec... more The presence of oxygen from air infiltration during the carbonization process of biomass is expected to be detrimental to biochar yield and properties. Experimental study was carried out on oil palm shell in a fixed-bed pyrolyser under various oxygen concentrations ranging from 0% to 11 % by varying the nitrogen and oxygen fractions in the pyrolysing gas mixture. The two critical parameters: the bed temperature and holding time were also varied. Process optimization was carried out by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) by employing Central Composite Design (CCD) using Design Expert 6.0 Software. The effect of oxygen ratio and holding time on biochar yield within the temperature range studied were statistically significant. The optimum condition of 30.0 % biochar yield of palm shell was predicted at pyrolysis temperature of 420 o C, oxygen percentage of 2.3% and holding time of two hours. This prediction closely agreed with the experiment finding of 31.1% biochar yield.

MEng Thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Oil Palm cultivation in Malaysia has provided the world’s largest producer of crude palm oil with... more Oil Palm cultivation in Malaysia has provided the world’s largest producer of crude palm oil with more than 7 million tonnes in 1994. Besides producing the crude oil, it also generate the solid waste ie. palm shells, empty fruit bunches and fruit fibres. Part of these waste are used to generate the energy to run the palm oil mill. Surplus amount of hard palm shells are available and could be converted into activated carbon after the conversion to palm char and pyrolysis oil.
Preliminary studies were made on the characteristics of palm oil shells in terms of size distribution, physical and chemical properties and the thermal behaviours using TGA. Later an investigation was conducted on the char and liquid derived fuel from oil palm solid waste via fast pyrolysis. For this purpose, fluidised bed pyrolysis were conducted in an inert bed at varying temperature from 400 to 600°C. The liquid product was analysed for its properties and compared with other biomass pyrolysis oils and petroluem fuels. The influence of some process conditions on the relative proportions of the liquid and solid products together with its properties and characteristics are presented. Some data on palm shell char characteristics were also given.

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014

2011 IEEE Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CET), 2011

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013

Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 1997

Renewable Energy, 1999

MEng Thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia