KUMATOR TAKU | FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE MAKURDI (original) (raw)
Papers by KUMATOR TAKU
Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2024
Sustainable concreting is prerequisite for infrastructural development in developing countries so... more Sustainable concreting is prerequisite for infrastructural development in developing countries so as to meet up with the sustainable development goal of adequate mass housing and other critical infrastructure. Thus, research is ever ongoing aimed at developing cheaper and more durable concrete via the incorporation of bio-based byproducts in concrete to improve its properties, as well as optimizing the quantities of these secondary materials for maximum and optimal concrete production. One such revolutionary concrete that is yet to find full application in the developing world is self-compacting concrete, because of the cost and attendant environmental effects. There is thus a need to arrive at optimal materials quantities that can maximize concrete properties without recourse to many trial and error experimentations that are both time and resources consuming. The application of modelling tools in concrete technology aids in the optimization of concrete constituents for optimal selfcompacting concrete performance. This research uses optimization techniques to optimize the bacteria dosage as well as model the Compressive and Tensile strength properties of a calcined clay and Limestone powder blended ternary self-compacting concrete using sporosarcina pasteurii as Microbial induced calcite precipitation agent and calcium lactate as nutrient source. The Bacteria was incorporated into the concrete at a bacterial content of 1.5x10 8 cfu/ml, 1.2x10 cfu/ml and 2.4x10 9 cfu/ml corresponding to the McFarland turbidity scale of 0.5, 4 and 8 while the nutrient (calcium lactate) content was 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% by weight of cement for each bacterial content. The Compressive strength and tensile strengths at 28 days were determined and the results used for both the model development, strength optimization and model validation, with the strengths as the dependent variable (y) and the bacterial content corresponding to a McFarland scale of and calcium lactate content as the independent variables, X1 and X2 respectively. The results show an improvement in the compressive strength from 32N/mm 2 to 45.2N/mm 2 at the optimal bacterial and nutrient content of 1.2x10 cfu/ml and 0.5% respectively, and tensile strength from 4.01N/mm 2 to 5.0N/mm 2. Also, the non-linear regression models proved adequate for optimizing the bacterial content for optimal self-compacting concrete performance.
FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, Dec 19, 2023
Chemical and agricultural process industries generate substantial amounts of industrial by-produc... more Chemical and agricultural process industries generate substantial amounts of industrial by-products annually, leading to environmental pollution and escalating waste disposal expenses for the industry. As environmental awareness grows and landfill space becomes scarce, there is a rising interest in researching waste materials utilization. Exploring alternative methods, instead of disposal aims to minimize pollutions impact on the environment. The application of pozzolanic materials in construction works is on the rise, and this trend is anticipated to persist in the coming years, driven by the depletion of natural materials essential for manufacturing construction materials such as cement. This study investigates the utilization of agro-waste ash as a supplementary cementitious material SCM, specifically palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) as a substitute material for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in concrete. Specimens containing 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) as replacement for cement in the concrete were prepared at a water/binder ratio of 0.65. The results showed that the samples incorporating binary blends of cement with 5-15% PKSA illustrated better strength properties at ages above 28 days of hydration than that of control sample without PKSA. The compressive strength obtained were 26.76MPa, 26.81MPa and 27.16MPa at 60 days, and 29.80MPa, 30.0MPa and 31.41MPa at 90 days for 5-15% replacement levels respectively. The tensile strength values obtained were 4.5MPa, 4.5MPa and 4.7MPa at 60 days and 5.2MPa, 5.2MPa and 5.4MPa at 90 days for 5-15% replacement levels. The flexural strength of the concrete obtained were 3.89MPa, 3.87MPa and 3.95MPa at 60 days hydration and 4.1MPa, 4.1MPa and 4.3MPa at 90 days hydration for 5-15% replacement levels. From the figures obtained for all the strength values the optimum replacement level of ordinary Portland cement with PKSA is 15% for achieving maximum effect on strength properties.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 3, 2022
Self-Compacting Concrete is a revolutionary concrete that has taken Europe, America, and Asia by ... more Self-Compacting Concrete is a revolutionary concrete that has taken Europe, America, and Asia by storm following its development by Prof. Okamura's research team in the late 20th century. Since then, it has been revolutionized into various improved forms either by tinkering with the constituents and mixing design towards perfecting it or by use of locally available secondary cementitious materials and fillers that are ecofriendly and economical, thereby reducing the carbon footprint as well as enhancing its properties. This research looks into the possibility of using Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation on the engineering properties of calcined clay and Limestone powder blended ternary Self-Compacting Concrete, with emphasis on the evaluation of the fresh state properties as well as strength and durability. Calcined clay was used as Supplementary Cementitious Material at 15% replacement of cement and Limestone powder as filler, with Sporosarcina Pasteurii as MICP bacteria at different bacterial cell densities of 1.5x108cfu/ml, 1.2x109cfu/ml, and 2.4x109cfu/ml, (McFarland turbidity scale of 0.5, 4.0 and 8.0 respectively) and calcium lactate (nutrient) concentration of 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% by weight of cement incorporated into the ternary blend. The strength is evaluated using compressive strength (at 7, 28, and 56 days of curing) and split tensile strength (at 7 and 28 days), while the durability characteristics are evaluated using water absorption (7, 28, and 56 days) and sorptivity (7, 28 and 56 days) and the microstructure investigated using Standard electronic microscopy. The result indicates an overall improvement in the properties of the Self-compacting concrete.
Revista Romana de Inginerie Civila/Romanian Journal of Civil Engineering
World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences
The possibility of using Plantain Peel Ash (PPA) as a cementitious or filler material in partial ... more The possibility of using Plantain Peel Ash (PPA) as a cementitious or filler material in partial replacement of cement for mortar and concrete was investigated in this research work. Plantain peels were collected in Idah in Kogi state and carbonated in the open air to reduce the carbon content after which it was calcined in a muffled furnace at 600oC for 3 hours. Samples were taken for oxide composition using XRF analysis. Ordinary Portland cement was partially replaced with PPA at 0, 5, 15, 20 and 25% replacement levels and the OPC-PPA mix used as binder material to produce mortar cubes at 0.5% Water to binder ratio and binder – aggregates ratio of 1:6, which were cured for 7, 14 and 28 days respectively and tested for compressive strength. Durability of the PPA blended mortar was evaluated using water absorption, Sorptivity and apparent porosity tests. The result shows that while specific gravity decreased with increasing percentage replacement from 3.1 to 1.2 for 0 to 25% PPA re...
World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences, 2023
The possibility of using Plantain Peel Ash (PPA) as a cementitious or filler material in partial ... more The possibility of using Plantain Peel Ash (PPA) as a cementitious or filler material in partial replacement of cement for mortar and concrete was investigated in this research work. Plantain peels were collected in Idah in Kogi state and carbonated in the open air to reduce the carbon content after which it was calcined in a muffled furnace at 600 o C for 3 hours. Samples were taken for oxide composition using XRF analysis. Ordinary Portland cement was partially replaced with PPA at 0, 5, 15, 20 and 25% replacement levels and the OPC-PPA mix used as binder material to produce mortar cubes at 0.5% Water to binder ratio and binder-aggregates ratio of 1:6, which were cured for 7, 14 and 28 days respectively and tested for compressive strength. Durability of the PPA blended mortar was evaluated using water absorption, Sorptivity and apparent porosity tests. The result shows that while specific gravity decreased with increasing percentage replacement from 3.1 to 1.2 for 0 to 25% PPA replacement respectively, standard consistency and setting times increased with increasing percentage replacement. The oxide composition of PPA gives a combined SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 of 22.44%, which is less than the 50% required for pozzolanas. The compressive strength at 7, 14 and 28 days curing all increased with curing age but decreased as the percentage of ash increases, with only the mortar with 0% ash meeting the strength requirement for a class M mortar; and while the sorptivity increases with curing age and percentage replacement, water absorption and apparent porosity decreases with age but increases with percentage replacement. However, PPA blended mortars showed higher performance in acidic curing environment as compared to normal OPC mortars. It can be concluded on the basis of this research that while PPA does not meet the requirement of ASTM C618 for pozzolanas, it can be used as a filler material in concrete and mortar at up to 10% replacement of OPC to increase concrete durability when in acidic environment.
International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science, 2015
Man has utilized various natural resources through technological methods to create environmentall... more Man has utilized various natural resources through technological methods to create environmentally safe, effective roofing materials. The materials include straw, mud, wood, tile, metal, aluminium, etc. A good roofing material should adequately withstand the loads it is subjected to within its life span. This depends on the quality of the material such as tensile strength, density and material composition. Roof materials are often destroyed by wind and heavy rainfall in Nigeria. Nigeria imports most of her Aluminium roofing sheets from China. This research compares some Strength properties of aluminum roof sheets produced in Nigeria with that from China. Both samples were subjected to some laboratory tests. The mean specific gravity of the local and foreign roof sheets was found to be 2.64 and 2.61 respectively. The local sheet was found to be 14 per cent more elastic. The mean ultimate tensile strength for the local and foreign Aluminium Roof Sheets is 52 and 43 N/mm2 respectively....
Abstract- The cost of cement used in concrete works is on the increase and unaffordable, yet the ... more Abstract- The cost of cement used in concrete works is on the increase and unaffordable, yet the need for housing and other constructions requiring this material keeps growing with increasing population, thus the need to find alternative binding materials that can be used solely or in partial replacement of cement. Agricultural waste material, in this case, coconut shells, which is an environmental pollutant, are collected and burnt in the open air (uncontrolled combustion) for three hours to produce coconut shell ash (CSA), which in turn was used as pozzolana in partial replacement of cement in
Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2018
This research work applies Scheffe’s second degree simplex theory to formulate a regression model... more This research work applies Scheffe’s second degree simplex theory to formulate a regression model for the optimization of the compressive strength of sandcrete blocks using cassava peel ash (CPA) blended Portland cement (OPC) as binder material for different mix ratios as multivariate functions with the proportions of the sandcrete block ingredients serving as variables. The experimental values of the compressive strength were obtained by performing destructive strength tests on the blocks after curing for 28 days, with a binder-aggregate ratio of 1:8 and water binder ratio ranging from 0.45 to 0.60, the OPC being replaced with CPA at 0 – 30% for the respective water-binder ratios. The optimization model from the Scheffe’s mixture method for a (4, 2) factor space was found to be y= f(x) = 1.95x1 (2x1-1) + 1.84x2 (2x2-1) +1.81x3 (2x3-1) +1.79x4 (2x4-1) + 6.08x1x2 + 5.72 x1x3 + 1.89 x1x4 + 7.28 x2x3 + 1.80 x2x4 + 7.16 x3x4. The model was tested using the student t- test at 95% accurac...
Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2018
Soybeans husk was collected from a dump site, dried de-carbonated, separated into six samples and... more Soybeans husk was collected from a dump site, dried de-carbonated, separated into six samples and calcined at a temperature of 600 0 C, for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours respectively. Samples were taken for X-ray Florescence (XRF) analysis, Standard Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging, setting time, standard water of consistency determination and specific gravity test. The result of XRF analysis revealed that the SHA contain less than 70 % SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 stipulated by ASTM C618 for pozzolanas, but has very high CaO content. The SiO2 +Al2O3+Fe2O3 and CaO content though varies slightly with the calcination time of soybean husk. The specific gravity of SHA varies with calcination time of SH and ranges between 2.3 and 2.7 and is less than that of OPC irrespective of the calcination time. Setting times of OPC/SHA pastes at 10 % replacement of OPC with SHA increases with calcination time and is greater than that for OPC paste. The SEM analysis shows that the crystal structure of the SHA changes with calcination temperature. The compressive strength of mortar using OPC/SHA as a binder was determined after 7, 14 and 28 days curing and was found to be less than that for OPC mortars at all ages. However, the percentage reduction in strength decreased with curing age, with SHA calcined at 4 hours having the greater strength (i.e. 87.4 % of OPC strength at 28 days). The percentage gain in strength was more pronounced from 7 to 14 days. In all, SH calcined at 600 0 C for 4 hours optimizes the pozzolanic potential of SHA.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, 2014
Dorota Molek-Winiarska: Methods of assessing the efficacy of interventions in the organization in... more Dorota Molek-Winiarska: Methods of assessing the efficacy of interventions in the organization in the field of occupational health psychology ...
In this study, the effect of the calcination temperature of rice husk on the pozzolanic propertie... more In this study, the effect of the calcination temperature of rice husk on the pozzolanic properties of the resulting rice husk ash (RHA) especially its silica content was investigated. Rice husk was collected from a rice milling plant and washed to remove sand and other impurities, beneficiated using the water beneficiation method and calcined at temperatures of 400, 500, 600, 700and 800°C, respectively for three hours. Samples were taken for XRF analysis, setting time determination and specific gravity test. The result of XRF analysis revealed that RHA calcined at temperatures between 400°C and 800°C contains more than 70% silica as stipulated by ASTM C618 for pozzolanas. The silica content though varies slightly with different calcination temperature of the rice husk ash. Also, calcination removed impurities present in the rice husk. Besides that, the specific gravity of RHA decreases with increasing calcination temperature from 2.00 at 400°C to 1.05 at 800°C. Setting times of RHA ...
This paper investigates the effect of acidic curing environment on the strength and durability of... more This paper investigates the effect of acidic curing environment on the strength and durability of concrete cured in water containing various percentages of Nitric acid. 60 number grade M20 concrete cubes of sizes 150mm x 150mm x 150mm, 18 number 150mm x 150 mm x 450mm concrete beams and 18 number 150mm x 300mm concrete cylinders are casted for compressive, flexural and tensile strength tests respectively, using a water cement ratio of 0.69 and mix ratio of 1:3:4, and cured in water containing 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% of nitric acid by volume of water for 7, 14, 28 and 60 days. The result shows that the compressive strength of the cubes at all percentage concentration of the acid decreases with curing age. Also, the percentage decrease in strength increases with both percentage of acid and curing age. Thus the rate of deterioration is highest at 60 days curing in 20% acid concentration (47.8%). Tensile and Flexural strength tests at 28 days curing revealed that the strength decreased w...
Current research in concrete Science and Technology is modelled towards the multiscale characteri... more Current research in concrete Science and Technology is modelled towards the multiscale characterization of concrete produced from binary blended cement paste with a view of optimizing concrete performance using minimal cement content by blending the cement with a secondary cementitious material. The use of multiscale characterization has revealed interesting properties of concrete that can form the basis for the re-engineering of concrete to maximize its benefits and use. This current paper studied the properties of Neem seed Husk Ash (NSHA) at the macro, micro and nano scales by investigating the physico-chemical, micro-structural and nanomechanical properties using compressive strength test, XRF and SEM analysis as well as a nonaindentation technique, which was used to characterize the hardness, modulus of elasticity, C-S-H content and porosity of the cement paste. It has been concluded from the study that the effect of the addition of 10% NSHA to cement paste on the properties of concrete cured for 28 days at the macro, micro and nano scales correlate well. It is recommended that multiscale characterization of cementitious materials provides the best insight into pozzolanic concrete behaviour and should be adopted for designing of pozzolanic concrete for optimal performance.
Soybeans husk was collected from a dump site, dried de-carbonated, separated into six samples and... more Soybeans husk was collected from a dump site, dried de-carbonated, separated into six samples and calcined at a temperature of 600 0 C, for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours respectively. Samples were taken for X-ray Florescence (XRF) analysis, Standard Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging, setting time, standard water of consistency determination and specific gravity test. The result of XRF analysis revealed that the SHA contain less than 70 % SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 stipulated by ASTM C618 for pozzolanas, but has very high CaO content. The SiO2 +Al2O3+Fe2O3 and CaO content though varies slightly with the calcination time of soybean husk. The specific gravity of SHA varies with calcination time of SH and ranges between 2.3 and 2.7 and is less than that of OPC irrespective of the calcination time. Setting times of OPC/SHA pastes at 10 % replacement of OPC with SHA increases with calcination time and is greater than that for OPC paste. The SEM analysis shows that the crystal structure of the SHA changes with calcination temperature. The compressive strength of mortar using OPC/SHA as a binder was determined after 7, 14 and 28 days curing and was found to be less than that for OPC mortars at all ages. However, the percentage reduction in strength decreased with curing age, with SHA calcined at 4 hours having the greater strength (i.e. 87.4 % of OPC strength at 28 days). The percentage gain in strength was more pronounced from 7 to 14 days. In all, SH calcined at 600 0 C for 4 hours optimizes the pozzolanic potential of SHA.
Ash (CSA) on the nanomechanical properties of the main phases of the hydrated cement paste. Portl... more Ash (CSA) on the nanomechanical properties of the main phases of the hydrated cement paste. Portland cement was partially replaced with 15% CSA at a water-binder ratio of 0.5 and cubes casted and cured for 28 days after which they were polished to reduce surface roughness to the barest minimum. The result of nanoindentation shows that addition of 15% CSA to cement paste transforms portlandite to C-S-H by the pozzolanic reaction. More so, there is reduced porosity and a reduction in the volume of CH by the addition of the CSA. Even though the addition of 15% CSA does not drastically change the average values of the hardness and elastic modulus of the two phases of the C-S-H, it greatly modifies their relative proportions, leading to the production of more HD C-S-H. Overall, incorporating 15%CSA to cement mortar improves the Nanomechanical properties of the four main phases of the hydrated cement paste
International journal of Engineering a d Computer Science, 2015
Man has utilized various natural resources through technological methods to create environmentall... more Man has utilized various natural resources through technological methods to create environmentally safe, effective roofing materials. The materials include straw, mud, wood, tile, metal, aluminium, etc. A good roofing material should adequately withstand the loads it is subjected to within its life span. This depends on the quality of the material such as tensile strength, density and material composition. Roof materials are often destroyed by wind and heavy rainfall in Nigeria. Nigeria imports most of her Aluminium roofing sheets from China. This research compares some Strength properties of aluminum roof sheets produced in Nigeria with that from China. Both samples were subjected to some laboratory tests. The mean specific gravity of the local and foreign roof sheets was found to be 2.64 and 2.61 respectively. The local sheet was found to be 14 per cent more elastic. The mean ultimate tensile strength for the local and foreign Aluminium Roof Sheets is 52 and 43 N/mm 2 respectively. The average Young Modulus for the local and foreign materials is 190 and 225 N/mm 2 respectively.
Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2024
Sustainable concreting is prerequisite for infrastructural development in developing countries so... more Sustainable concreting is prerequisite for infrastructural development in developing countries so as to meet up with the sustainable development goal of adequate mass housing and other critical infrastructure. Thus, research is ever ongoing aimed at developing cheaper and more durable concrete via the incorporation of bio-based byproducts in concrete to improve its properties, as well as optimizing the quantities of these secondary materials for maximum and optimal concrete production. One such revolutionary concrete that is yet to find full application in the developing world is self-compacting concrete, because of the cost and attendant environmental effects. There is thus a need to arrive at optimal materials quantities that can maximize concrete properties without recourse to many trial and error experimentations that are both time and resources consuming. The application of modelling tools in concrete technology aids in the optimization of concrete constituents for optimal selfcompacting concrete performance. This research uses optimization techniques to optimize the bacteria dosage as well as model the Compressive and Tensile strength properties of a calcined clay and Limestone powder blended ternary self-compacting concrete using sporosarcina pasteurii as Microbial induced calcite precipitation agent and calcium lactate as nutrient source. The Bacteria was incorporated into the concrete at a bacterial content of 1.5x10 8 cfu/ml, 1.2x10 cfu/ml and 2.4x10 9 cfu/ml corresponding to the McFarland turbidity scale of 0.5, 4 and 8 while the nutrient (calcium lactate) content was 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% by weight of cement for each bacterial content. The Compressive strength and tensile strengths at 28 days were determined and the results used for both the model development, strength optimization and model validation, with the strengths as the dependent variable (y) and the bacterial content corresponding to a McFarland scale of and calcium lactate content as the independent variables, X1 and X2 respectively. The results show an improvement in the compressive strength from 32N/mm 2 to 45.2N/mm 2 at the optimal bacterial and nutrient content of 1.2x10 cfu/ml and 0.5% respectively, and tensile strength from 4.01N/mm 2 to 5.0N/mm 2. Also, the non-linear regression models proved adequate for optimizing the bacterial content for optimal self-compacting concrete performance.
FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, Dec 19, 2023
Chemical and agricultural process industries generate substantial amounts of industrial by-produc... more Chemical and agricultural process industries generate substantial amounts of industrial by-products annually, leading to environmental pollution and escalating waste disposal expenses for the industry. As environmental awareness grows and landfill space becomes scarce, there is a rising interest in researching waste materials utilization. Exploring alternative methods, instead of disposal aims to minimize pollutions impact on the environment. The application of pozzolanic materials in construction works is on the rise, and this trend is anticipated to persist in the coming years, driven by the depletion of natural materials essential for manufacturing construction materials such as cement. This study investigates the utilization of agro-waste ash as a supplementary cementitious material SCM, specifically palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) as a substitute material for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in concrete. Specimens containing 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) as replacement for cement in the concrete were prepared at a water/binder ratio of 0.65. The results showed that the samples incorporating binary blends of cement with 5-15% PKSA illustrated better strength properties at ages above 28 days of hydration than that of control sample without PKSA. The compressive strength obtained were 26.76MPa, 26.81MPa and 27.16MPa at 60 days, and 29.80MPa, 30.0MPa and 31.41MPa at 90 days for 5-15% replacement levels respectively. The tensile strength values obtained were 4.5MPa, 4.5MPa and 4.7MPa at 60 days and 5.2MPa, 5.2MPa and 5.4MPa at 90 days for 5-15% replacement levels. The flexural strength of the concrete obtained were 3.89MPa, 3.87MPa and 3.95MPa at 60 days hydration and 4.1MPa, 4.1MPa and 4.3MPa at 90 days hydration for 5-15% replacement levels. From the figures obtained for all the strength values the optimum replacement level of ordinary Portland cement with PKSA is 15% for achieving maximum effect on strength properties.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 3, 2022
Self-Compacting Concrete is a revolutionary concrete that has taken Europe, America, and Asia by ... more Self-Compacting Concrete is a revolutionary concrete that has taken Europe, America, and Asia by storm following its development by Prof. Okamura's research team in the late 20th century. Since then, it has been revolutionized into various improved forms either by tinkering with the constituents and mixing design towards perfecting it or by use of locally available secondary cementitious materials and fillers that are ecofriendly and economical, thereby reducing the carbon footprint as well as enhancing its properties. This research looks into the possibility of using Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation on the engineering properties of calcined clay and Limestone powder blended ternary Self-Compacting Concrete, with emphasis on the evaluation of the fresh state properties as well as strength and durability. Calcined clay was used as Supplementary Cementitious Material at 15% replacement of cement and Limestone powder as filler, with Sporosarcina Pasteurii as MICP bacteria at different bacterial cell densities of 1.5x108cfu/ml, 1.2x109cfu/ml, and 2.4x109cfu/ml, (McFarland turbidity scale of 0.5, 4.0 and 8.0 respectively) and calcium lactate (nutrient) concentration of 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% by weight of cement incorporated into the ternary blend. The strength is evaluated using compressive strength (at 7, 28, and 56 days of curing) and split tensile strength (at 7 and 28 days), while the durability characteristics are evaluated using water absorption (7, 28, and 56 days) and sorptivity (7, 28 and 56 days) and the microstructure investigated using Standard electronic microscopy. The result indicates an overall improvement in the properties of the Self-compacting concrete.
Revista Romana de Inginerie Civila/Romanian Journal of Civil Engineering
World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences
The possibility of using Plantain Peel Ash (PPA) as a cementitious or filler material in partial ... more The possibility of using Plantain Peel Ash (PPA) as a cementitious or filler material in partial replacement of cement for mortar and concrete was investigated in this research work. Plantain peels were collected in Idah in Kogi state and carbonated in the open air to reduce the carbon content after which it was calcined in a muffled furnace at 600oC for 3 hours. Samples were taken for oxide composition using XRF analysis. Ordinary Portland cement was partially replaced with PPA at 0, 5, 15, 20 and 25% replacement levels and the OPC-PPA mix used as binder material to produce mortar cubes at 0.5% Water to binder ratio and binder – aggregates ratio of 1:6, which were cured for 7, 14 and 28 days respectively and tested for compressive strength. Durability of the PPA blended mortar was evaluated using water absorption, Sorptivity and apparent porosity tests. The result shows that while specific gravity decreased with increasing percentage replacement from 3.1 to 1.2 for 0 to 25% PPA re...
World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences, 2023
The possibility of using Plantain Peel Ash (PPA) as a cementitious or filler material in partial ... more The possibility of using Plantain Peel Ash (PPA) as a cementitious or filler material in partial replacement of cement for mortar and concrete was investigated in this research work. Plantain peels were collected in Idah in Kogi state and carbonated in the open air to reduce the carbon content after which it was calcined in a muffled furnace at 600 o C for 3 hours. Samples were taken for oxide composition using XRF analysis. Ordinary Portland cement was partially replaced with PPA at 0, 5, 15, 20 and 25% replacement levels and the OPC-PPA mix used as binder material to produce mortar cubes at 0.5% Water to binder ratio and binder-aggregates ratio of 1:6, which were cured for 7, 14 and 28 days respectively and tested for compressive strength. Durability of the PPA blended mortar was evaluated using water absorption, Sorptivity and apparent porosity tests. The result shows that while specific gravity decreased with increasing percentage replacement from 3.1 to 1.2 for 0 to 25% PPA replacement respectively, standard consistency and setting times increased with increasing percentage replacement. The oxide composition of PPA gives a combined SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 of 22.44%, which is less than the 50% required for pozzolanas. The compressive strength at 7, 14 and 28 days curing all increased with curing age but decreased as the percentage of ash increases, with only the mortar with 0% ash meeting the strength requirement for a class M mortar; and while the sorptivity increases with curing age and percentage replacement, water absorption and apparent porosity decreases with age but increases with percentage replacement. However, PPA blended mortars showed higher performance in acidic curing environment as compared to normal OPC mortars. It can be concluded on the basis of this research that while PPA does not meet the requirement of ASTM C618 for pozzolanas, it can be used as a filler material in concrete and mortar at up to 10% replacement of OPC to increase concrete durability when in acidic environment.
International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science, 2015
Man has utilized various natural resources through technological methods to create environmentall... more Man has utilized various natural resources through technological methods to create environmentally safe, effective roofing materials. The materials include straw, mud, wood, tile, metal, aluminium, etc. A good roofing material should adequately withstand the loads it is subjected to within its life span. This depends on the quality of the material such as tensile strength, density and material composition. Roof materials are often destroyed by wind and heavy rainfall in Nigeria. Nigeria imports most of her Aluminium roofing sheets from China. This research compares some Strength properties of aluminum roof sheets produced in Nigeria with that from China. Both samples were subjected to some laboratory tests. The mean specific gravity of the local and foreign roof sheets was found to be 2.64 and 2.61 respectively. The local sheet was found to be 14 per cent more elastic. The mean ultimate tensile strength for the local and foreign Aluminium Roof Sheets is 52 and 43 N/mm2 respectively....
Abstract- The cost of cement used in concrete works is on the increase and unaffordable, yet the ... more Abstract- The cost of cement used in concrete works is on the increase and unaffordable, yet the need for housing and other constructions requiring this material keeps growing with increasing population, thus the need to find alternative binding materials that can be used solely or in partial replacement of cement. Agricultural waste material, in this case, coconut shells, which is an environmental pollutant, are collected and burnt in the open air (uncontrolled combustion) for three hours to produce coconut shell ash (CSA), which in turn was used as pozzolana in partial replacement of cement in
Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2018
This research work applies Scheffe’s second degree simplex theory to formulate a regression model... more This research work applies Scheffe’s second degree simplex theory to formulate a regression model for the optimization of the compressive strength of sandcrete blocks using cassava peel ash (CPA) blended Portland cement (OPC) as binder material for different mix ratios as multivariate functions with the proportions of the sandcrete block ingredients serving as variables. The experimental values of the compressive strength were obtained by performing destructive strength tests on the blocks after curing for 28 days, with a binder-aggregate ratio of 1:8 and water binder ratio ranging from 0.45 to 0.60, the OPC being replaced with CPA at 0 – 30% for the respective water-binder ratios. The optimization model from the Scheffe’s mixture method for a (4, 2) factor space was found to be y= f(x) = 1.95x1 (2x1-1) + 1.84x2 (2x2-1) +1.81x3 (2x3-1) +1.79x4 (2x4-1) + 6.08x1x2 + 5.72 x1x3 + 1.89 x1x4 + 7.28 x2x3 + 1.80 x2x4 + 7.16 x3x4. The model was tested using the student t- test at 95% accurac...
Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2018
Soybeans husk was collected from a dump site, dried de-carbonated, separated into six samples and... more Soybeans husk was collected from a dump site, dried de-carbonated, separated into six samples and calcined at a temperature of 600 0 C, for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours respectively. Samples were taken for X-ray Florescence (XRF) analysis, Standard Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging, setting time, standard water of consistency determination and specific gravity test. The result of XRF analysis revealed that the SHA contain less than 70 % SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 stipulated by ASTM C618 for pozzolanas, but has very high CaO content. The SiO2 +Al2O3+Fe2O3 and CaO content though varies slightly with the calcination time of soybean husk. The specific gravity of SHA varies with calcination time of SH and ranges between 2.3 and 2.7 and is less than that of OPC irrespective of the calcination time. Setting times of OPC/SHA pastes at 10 % replacement of OPC with SHA increases with calcination time and is greater than that for OPC paste. The SEM analysis shows that the crystal structure of the SHA changes with calcination temperature. The compressive strength of mortar using OPC/SHA as a binder was determined after 7, 14 and 28 days curing and was found to be less than that for OPC mortars at all ages. However, the percentage reduction in strength decreased with curing age, with SHA calcined at 4 hours having the greater strength (i.e. 87.4 % of OPC strength at 28 days). The percentage gain in strength was more pronounced from 7 to 14 days. In all, SH calcined at 600 0 C for 4 hours optimizes the pozzolanic potential of SHA.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, 2014
Dorota Molek-Winiarska: Methods of assessing the efficacy of interventions in the organization in... more Dorota Molek-Winiarska: Methods of assessing the efficacy of interventions in the organization in the field of occupational health psychology ...
In this study, the effect of the calcination temperature of rice husk on the pozzolanic propertie... more In this study, the effect of the calcination temperature of rice husk on the pozzolanic properties of the resulting rice husk ash (RHA) especially its silica content was investigated. Rice husk was collected from a rice milling plant and washed to remove sand and other impurities, beneficiated using the water beneficiation method and calcined at temperatures of 400, 500, 600, 700and 800°C, respectively for three hours. Samples were taken for XRF analysis, setting time determination and specific gravity test. The result of XRF analysis revealed that RHA calcined at temperatures between 400°C and 800°C contains more than 70% silica as stipulated by ASTM C618 for pozzolanas. The silica content though varies slightly with different calcination temperature of the rice husk ash. Also, calcination removed impurities present in the rice husk. Besides that, the specific gravity of RHA decreases with increasing calcination temperature from 2.00 at 400°C to 1.05 at 800°C. Setting times of RHA ...
This paper investigates the effect of acidic curing environment on the strength and durability of... more This paper investigates the effect of acidic curing environment on the strength and durability of concrete cured in water containing various percentages of Nitric acid. 60 number grade M20 concrete cubes of sizes 150mm x 150mm x 150mm, 18 number 150mm x 150 mm x 450mm concrete beams and 18 number 150mm x 300mm concrete cylinders are casted for compressive, flexural and tensile strength tests respectively, using a water cement ratio of 0.69 and mix ratio of 1:3:4, and cured in water containing 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% of nitric acid by volume of water for 7, 14, 28 and 60 days. The result shows that the compressive strength of the cubes at all percentage concentration of the acid decreases with curing age. Also, the percentage decrease in strength increases with both percentage of acid and curing age. Thus the rate of deterioration is highest at 60 days curing in 20% acid concentration (47.8%). Tensile and Flexural strength tests at 28 days curing revealed that the strength decreased w...
Current research in concrete Science and Technology is modelled towards the multiscale characteri... more Current research in concrete Science and Technology is modelled towards the multiscale characterization of concrete produced from binary blended cement paste with a view of optimizing concrete performance using minimal cement content by blending the cement with a secondary cementitious material. The use of multiscale characterization has revealed interesting properties of concrete that can form the basis for the re-engineering of concrete to maximize its benefits and use. This current paper studied the properties of Neem seed Husk Ash (NSHA) at the macro, micro and nano scales by investigating the physico-chemical, micro-structural and nanomechanical properties using compressive strength test, XRF and SEM analysis as well as a nonaindentation technique, which was used to characterize the hardness, modulus of elasticity, C-S-H content and porosity of the cement paste. It has been concluded from the study that the effect of the addition of 10% NSHA to cement paste on the properties of concrete cured for 28 days at the macro, micro and nano scales correlate well. It is recommended that multiscale characterization of cementitious materials provides the best insight into pozzolanic concrete behaviour and should be adopted for designing of pozzolanic concrete for optimal performance.
Soybeans husk was collected from a dump site, dried de-carbonated, separated into six samples and... more Soybeans husk was collected from a dump site, dried de-carbonated, separated into six samples and calcined at a temperature of 600 0 C, for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours respectively. Samples were taken for X-ray Florescence (XRF) analysis, Standard Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging, setting time, standard water of consistency determination and specific gravity test. The result of XRF analysis revealed that the SHA contain less than 70 % SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 stipulated by ASTM C618 for pozzolanas, but has very high CaO content. The SiO2 +Al2O3+Fe2O3 and CaO content though varies slightly with the calcination time of soybean husk. The specific gravity of SHA varies with calcination time of SH and ranges between 2.3 and 2.7 and is less than that of OPC irrespective of the calcination time. Setting times of OPC/SHA pastes at 10 % replacement of OPC with SHA increases with calcination time and is greater than that for OPC paste. The SEM analysis shows that the crystal structure of the SHA changes with calcination temperature. The compressive strength of mortar using OPC/SHA as a binder was determined after 7, 14 and 28 days curing and was found to be less than that for OPC mortars at all ages. However, the percentage reduction in strength decreased with curing age, with SHA calcined at 4 hours having the greater strength (i.e. 87.4 % of OPC strength at 28 days). The percentage gain in strength was more pronounced from 7 to 14 days. In all, SH calcined at 600 0 C for 4 hours optimizes the pozzolanic potential of SHA.
Ash (CSA) on the nanomechanical properties of the main phases of the hydrated cement paste. Portl... more Ash (CSA) on the nanomechanical properties of the main phases of the hydrated cement paste. Portland cement was partially replaced with 15% CSA at a water-binder ratio of 0.5 and cubes casted and cured for 28 days after which they were polished to reduce surface roughness to the barest minimum. The result of nanoindentation shows that addition of 15% CSA to cement paste transforms portlandite to C-S-H by the pozzolanic reaction. More so, there is reduced porosity and a reduction in the volume of CH by the addition of the CSA. Even though the addition of 15% CSA does not drastically change the average values of the hardness and elastic modulus of the two phases of the C-S-H, it greatly modifies their relative proportions, leading to the production of more HD C-S-H. Overall, incorporating 15%CSA to cement mortar improves the Nanomechanical properties of the four main phases of the hydrated cement paste
International journal of Engineering a d Computer Science, 2015
Man has utilized various natural resources through technological methods to create environmentall... more Man has utilized various natural resources through technological methods to create environmentally safe, effective roofing materials. The materials include straw, mud, wood, tile, metal, aluminium, etc. A good roofing material should adequately withstand the loads it is subjected to within its life span. This depends on the quality of the material such as tensile strength, density and material composition. Roof materials are often destroyed by wind and heavy rainfall in Nigeria. Nigeria imports most of her Aluminium roofing sheets from China. This research compares some Strength properties of aluminum roof sheets produced in Nigeria with that from China. Both samples were subjected to some laboratory tests. The mean specific gravity of the local and foreign roof sheets was found to be 2.64 and 2.61 respectively. The local sheet was found to be 14 per cent more elastic. The mean ultimate tensile strength for the local and foreign Aluminium Roof Sheets is 52 and 43 N/mm 2 respectively. The average Young Modulus for the local and foreign materials is 190 and 225 N/mm 2 respectively.
The effect of calcination temperature of rice husk on the properties of rice husk ash (RHA) and R... more The effect of calcination temperature of rice husk on the properties of rice husk ash (RHA) and RHA mortar was investigated. The rice husk was prepared using the water beneficiation method and calcined at temperatures of 400oC, 500oC, 600oC, 700oC and 800oC respectively. X-Ray Defractograph (XRD) and X-Ray Florescence (XRF) analysis were carried out on the RHA to determine its degree of amorphosity and the effect of calcination on its silica content respectively. The Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was replaced with 15% RHA and the mortar tested for setting time, pozzolanic activity index (PAI) and compressive strength. The result of XRD analysis revealed that RHA at 500oC had broadest peak at 2Ө value of 22.141 degrees and lowest intensity at 2Ө value of 20.8 degrees when compared to that at 400oC, 600oC, 700oC and 800oC respectively. The number of crystalline peaks of intensity greater than 160 was also lowest for RHA at 500oC indicating high amorphous silica content. The result of XRF analysis showed that RHA calcined at any temperature between 400oC and 800oC contain more than 70% SiO¬2¬ as stipulated by ASTM C 618. The pozzolanic activity index for mortar incorporating RHA calcined at 400oC, 500oC, 600oC, 700oC and 800oC were determined but only that for RHA calcined at 500oC (86.5 and 101.2 at 7 and 28 days respectively) met the specification of ASTM C 618-03 (75% min) for a class C pozzolana. The average compressive strength at 28 days curing for RHA mortar at 400oC, 500oC, 600oC, 700oC and 800oC calcination were 8.3 N/mm2, 17.1N/mm2, 9.6N/mm2, 6.9N/mm2 and 5.6 N/mm2 respectively. However, its only mortar incorporating RHA calcined at 500oC meeting the requirement of ASTM 270 for a class S mortar (12.41 N/mm2 minimum). Thus, RHA calcined at 500oC is recommended for use at 15% replacement as a cement substitute in mortar.