Evaluation of the suitability of plantain peel ash as a secondary cementitious material/ filler in mortar (original) (raw)
Related papers
Mechanical and structural characteristics of cement mortars blended with locust bean pod ash
Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 2019
The need to reduce the environmental pollution resulting from agro-wastes and to source a material that can be used to replace cement in order to reduce the pressure on its consumption necessitated this research. This study looks at the effect of cement replacement with locust bean pod ash (LBPA) as a supplementary cementitious material on the mechanical and structural characteristics of mortars. The fresh properties (workability, initial and final setting times), compressive strength at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days and microstructural analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were evaluated. LBPA were considered at replacement levels of 0, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% of cement mass for preparation of the mortar samples. Workability of the cement mortars reduced as the content of LBPA increases while initial and final setting times increased in relation to increase in LBPA content in the matrix. An increase of about 79% in compressive strength at 7 days, 100% at 14 days, 147% at 21 days and 136% at 28 days were recorded with LBPA content of 15% LBPA being the optimum level when compared to control mix. Maximum compressive strength ranged between 38.3 and 65 MPa after 7 to 28 days curing. Microstructural analysis revealed less voids and pores, and the presence of dense CSH gels which helped to maintain the optimum compressive strength at 15% LBPA cement replacement level of the mortar. The results indicated that LBPA is a reactive pozzolanic material and can be used as a supplementary cementitious material for producing medium-strength concrete.
Cement and Concrete Composites, 2007
The benefits of limestone filler (LF) and natural pozzolana (NP) as partial replacement of Portland cement are well established. Economic and environmental advantages by reducing CO 2 emission are well known. However, both supplementary materials have certain shortfalls. LF addition to Portland cement causes an increase of hydration at early ages inducing a high early strength, but it can reduce the later strength due to the dilution effect. On the other hand, NP contributes to hydration after 28 days improving the strength at medium and later ages. Hence, ternary blended cement (OPC-LF-NP) with better performance could be produced. In this paper, mortar prisms in which Portland cement was replaced by up to 20%LF and 30%NP were tested in flexure and compressive strength at 2, 7, 28 and 90 days. Some samples were tested under sulfate and acid solutions and for chloride ions permeability. Results show that the use of ternary blended cement improves the early age and the long-term compressive and flexural strengths. Durability was also enhanced as better sulfate, acid and chloride ions penetration resistances were proved.
Advances in Cement Research
This study investigates the effect of a new type of blended pozzolan on the hydration, mechanical and durability performance of cement. A blend of limestone calcined clay pozzolan (LCCP) was produced by grinding calcined clay and limestone in a ratio of 2 : 1 with 2% gypsum. Blends with cement replacement level of 0, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 50% using LCCP were cast. The effect of LCCP on the hydration of cement was investigated using isothermal calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Mortar and concrete samples were cast to study the influence of LCCP on mechanical and transport properties. The addition of LCCP was found to have a beneficial effect on the early age hydration of cement. The induction period and initial setting time of cement paste were found to reduce on increased cement replacement level. Higher or similar compressive strength was observed for all the LCCP blends as compared to ordinary Portland cement. The pozzolanic reaction of calcined clay and formation of carboaluminates...
Experimental Research on Natural Pozzolan as Cement Replacement
2023
IntroductIon C ement is the most essential requirement in concrete mix for the constructions of structure all over the world. So, every construction in all countries needs few or much cement. However, rural area in developing countries, because of transportation difficulties and high relative cost is difficult to achieve much cement. Recent Research (Annune et al, 2020; Annune et al, 2022), In an attempt to find an alternative building material for construction industry, they considered the use of wood ash from two different hardwoods namely: Melina wood ash and Cashew wood ash as a pozzolan in cement production. The study investigated the chemical composition (silica (SiO 2), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3), ferric oxide (Fe 2 O 3), calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), sulphur trioxide (SO 3), sodium oxide (Na 2 O) and potassium Oxide (K 2 O)) of the ashes and the clinker. The production of blended cements was carried out in the factory by replacing 5-50% by weight of Ordinary Portland Cement Clinker with the ashes during the manufacturing process. The cement without wood ash serves as the control. The physical characteristic (fineness, initial and final setting times, heat of hydration and residue on 45μm sieve), and the chemical composition of the blended cements were also investigated. It was discovered that the wood ash used in this work was suitable to be used as pozzolan and suitable to be used as raw material in cement production. The compressive strength of concrete with 20% wood ash content increased appreciably at greater number of days. The optimum replacement of cement by wood ash therefore is at 20%. All wood ash samples showed almost similar properties.
A Study on Ordinary Portland Cement Blended with Rice Husk Ash and Metakaolin
Path of Science
This paper tries to investigate the effect of replacing Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with Metakaolin (MK) and Rice husk ash (RHA) on the physicomechanical properties such as consistency, setting times, soundness and mortar compressive strength of ternary cement up to 40 % cement replacement. The soundness of the blended cement pastes and compressive strength of the blended mortars were conducted using Le Chatelier apparatus and Tonic Technic compression machine while the initial and final setting times were conducted on the blended cement paste using Vicat apparatus.. Nineteen ternary cement mortars were prepared to comprise of OPC, RHA MK at different proportions and tested at 2, 7, 28 and 60 days. Results indicated that as RHA was gradually increased up to 25% at constant MK content, the volume expansion of the ternary cement paste increased gradually. On the other hand, as MK was increased from 5-25% at constant RHA, the volume expansion diminished. The water consistency of ternary cement paste experienced a variation as MK was increased up to 25 wt% at constant RHA up to 10 wt%. However, at 10 wt% constant RHA as MK was increased the water demand gradually increased. Similarly, an increase in RHA at constant MK increased the water demands of the ternary blends. An increase in RHA from 5-25 wt% at 5-25 wt% constant MK resulted in acceleration in the initial and final setting times of cement blends. These accelerations could be attributed to the pozzolanic activity leading in shorter setting time. Whereas a series of accelerations and retardations of both setting times were experienced as the MK was increased from 5-25 wt% at 5-25 wt% constant RHA. It was observed that increment in the MK or RHA up to 10 wt% at constant RHA/MK up to 10 wt% resulted in improved mortar compressive strength of the ternary blend in comparison with control. This improvement was attributed to the high silica/alumina contribution to the matrix by MK inclusion, the C/S ratio in the cement matrix and RHA pozzolanic reactivity despite its unburnt carbon. All mortar compressive strength of the cement blends and control experienced an increase as the curing days were lengthened from 2 to 60 days. The enhanced strength compared with the control especially beyond 28 days could be attributed to the slow pozzolanic reaction resulting from the formation of additional CSH and CAH from the interaction of the residual CH and the silica available in the MK and RHA. The best compressive strength at 60 days was obtained at cement replaced with 15 wt% and 20 wt% at MK 5 wt% RHA producing a mortar compressive strength of 40.5 MPa.
Effect of Plantain Peel Ash (PPA) on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete
2018
This research is aimed at investigating the effect of using plantain peel ash (PPA) obtained from plantain peel as a partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) on the mechanical properties of concrete. The PPA used in this research work was subjected to control burning of Plantain peel into ash, which was grinded and passed through 75μmm BS sieve. PPA was used in partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement in the following percentages 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%.These partial replacement was used to produce concrete. PPA was found to contain all major chemical constituent found in cement with the exception of Gypsum,CaSO4, which are SiO2 (12.249), Fe2O3 (3.988), Al2O (2.653), CaO (7.897) and loss on ignition (LOI) was not found and it also contains other minor oxides found in cement. Consistency of cement-PPA paste was found to increase with increase in PPA content. Likewise the Setting time and Soundness of cement-PPA paste also increase with increase with PPA content...
Performance of Pozzolanic Concrete Using Different Mineral Admixtures
Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2016
Concrete is probably the most extensively used construction material in the world. However, environmental concerns regarding rapid consumption of natural resources and CO2 emission during cement manufacturing process have brought pressure to reduce cement consumption by the use of cement replacement materials (CRMs). The utilization of calcined clay (metakaolin) and silica fume in concrete has received considerable attention in recent years. Brick powder has not got much popularity with respect to strength enhancement but it is effective to reduce drying shrinkage. The following study has been focused to determine the performance of locally available metakaolin, silica fume and brick powder as CRMs in concrete. This study focuses on compressive strength, drying shrinkage and sulfate attack properties of the concrete. Concrete cubes were used for compressive strength determination and mortar prisms for determination of drying-shrinkage and sulfate attack. 5%, 10% and 15% replacement ...
2013
The effect of calcination temperature of rice husk on the properties of rice husk ash (RHA) and RHA mortar was investigated. The rice husk was prepared using the water beneficiation method and calcined at temperatures of 400oC, 500oC, 600oC, 700oC and 800oC respectively. X-Ray Defractograph (XRD) and X-Ray Florescence (XRF) analysis were carried out on the RHA to determine its degree of amorphosity and the effect of calcination on its silica content respectively. The Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was replaced with 15% RHA and the mortar tested for setting time, pozzolanic activity index (PAI) and compressive strength. The result of XRD analysis revealed that RHA at 500oC had broadest peak at 2Ө value of 22.141 degrees and lowest intensity at 2Ө value of 20.8 degrees when compared to that at 400oC, 600oC, 700oC and 800oC respectively. The number of crystalline peaks of intensity greater than 160 was also lowest for RHA at 500oC indicating high amorphous silica content. The result of XRF analysis showed that RHA calcined at any temperature between 400oC and 800oC contain more than 70% SiO¬2¬ as stipulated by ASTM C 618. The pozzolanic activity index for mortar incorporating RHA calcined at 400oC, 500oC, 600oC, 700oC and 800oC were determined but only that for RHA calcined at 500oC (86.5 and 101.2 at 7 and 28 days respectively) met the specification of ASTM C 618-03 (75% min) for a class C pozzolana. The average compressive strength at 28 days curing for RHA mortar at 400oC, 500oC, 600oC, 700oC and 800oC calcination were 8.3 N/mm2, 17.1N/mm2, 9.6N/mm2, 6.9N/mm2 and 5.6 N/mm2 respectively. However, its only mortar incorporating RHA calcined at 500oC meeting the requirement of ASTM 270 for a class S mortar (12.41 N/mm2 minimum). Thus, RHA calcined at 500oC is recommended for use at 15% replacement as a cement substitute in mortar.
The effect of varying different proportion of bamboo ash and lime as partial replacement for cement in mortar were studied. Bamboo stalks were collected and burned into bamboo ash in furnace. The results of the physical and mechanical properties of the cement and aggregate used were within the requirements stipulated by relevant standards. The mix proportion 1:6 was used out of which 2%, 4% of bamboo ash and 2%, 4% of lime were used to partially replace cement in the mortar. The compressive strength of most of the mortar cubes increases with curing days and their values lie within the required strength of 2.5 N/mm 2 – 6.5 N/mm 2 as stipulated by relevant codes. The water absorption rate was observed to increase with increase in bamboo ash and lime content, while the density decreases as the percentage of bamboo ash and lime in the mortar increases by mass. The study therefore can be concluded that in the presence of significant proportion (i.e. 4% or more) of bamboo ash the strength of mortar increased hence making it adequate for the production of masonry mortar and reduces building failure.
Pozzolanic activity and filler effect of sugar cane bagasse ash in Portland cement and lime mortars
Sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) is generated as a combustion by-product from boilers of sugar and alcohol factories. Composed mainly of silica, this by-product can be used as a mineral admixture in mortar and concrete. Several studies have shown that the use of SCBA as partial Portland cement replacement can improve some properties of cementitious materials. However, it is not yet clear if these improvements are associated to physical or chemical effects. This work investigates the pozzolanic and filler effects of a residual SCBA in mortars. Initially, the influence of particle size of SCBA on the packing density, pozzolanic activity of SCBA and compressive strength of mortars was analyzed. In addition, the behavior of SCBA was compared to that of an insoluble material of the same packing density. The results indicate that SCBA may be classified as a pozzolanic material, but that its activity depends significantly on its particle size and fineness.