Samaila Batagarawa Muazu | Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina (original) (raw)

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Papers by Samaila Batagarawa Muazu

Research paper thumbnail of Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Calotropis Species and their Applications: A Review

Biosynthesis of metallic nanomaterials has become an important field of research. The synthesis o... more Biosynthesis of metallic nanomaterials has become an important field of research. The synthesis of metallic nanomaterials using plant extracts is a single-step, simple, rapid, and eco-friendly. The reducing agents involved include the various water-soluble secondary metabolites (Alkaloids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, carbohydrates etc.) of the plant extracts. Diverse salts of metals of the transition metal series such as Gold (Au), Silver (Ag), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) etc, have been used in the synthesis. This review focused on the use of extracts of Calotropis species (spp) in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. The methods of synthesis and various applications of the synthesized nanoparticles were also discussed. Danhalilu et al.; CJAST, 32(2): 1-10, 2019; Article no.CJAST.46052 2

Research paper thumbnail of Sustainability of Agricultural Production in Communal Areas of Zimbabwe: Case of Chionekano Communal Lands

Agricultural production in most parts of the semi arid Katsina is supplemented by other sources o... more Agricultural production in most parts of the semi arid Katsina is supplemented by other sources of water supply especially during the dry seasons. Since the construction of Jibia dam in 1991, only about 170 hectares out of 3,500 hectares have been under irrigation due to inadequate supply of diesel to power the engine for adequate water supply to the farms. This situation has worsened leaving large areas of land uncultivated while the dam stores large volume of water. In this paper therefore, the potential of renewable sources of energy in hybrid form (wind, solar thermal, small hydro, and agricultural waste fuel) is explored and harnessed to generate power that could subsequently be used to adequately supply water to the vast uncultivated agricultural lands around Jibia irrigation project in Katsina state.

Research paper thumbnail of Food Versus Fuel: The Way Forward For Africa

The recent crisis in energy particularly from fossil fuel has necessitated the development of oth... more The recent crisis in energy particularly from fossil fuel has necessitated the development of other alternatives such as bio-fuel. Unfortunately, the diversion of resources from food crops to bio-fuel has brought about high grain commodity prices. It is noted that about 14% of the world’s total population lack adequate food, and majority of them come from China, India, Africa, and Latin america. Thus the need to pay attention to the production of non cash crops or non edible crops as a source of energy is inevitable. Jatropha, for example, has attracted a fair amount of attention in recent years. A hardy bush thought to be appropriate for cultivation in Africa, Jatropha thrives in arid areas and can be grown on desert and marginal lands without taking land out of cultivation for food production and without requiring expensive inputs like fertilizers and water. This paper therefore, examines the conflict arising from the use of scarce food crops to promote bio-fuel and its attendant ...

Research paper thumbnail of Copper, Iron, Lead and Nickel accumulation by funaria hygrometrica in Industrial and residential areas of kano municipality, kano-Nigeria

Metal concentrations (Cu, Fe, Pb, and Ni) were determined in funaria hygrometrica collected from ... more Metal concentrations (Cu, Fe, Pb, and Ni) were determined in funaria hygrometrica collected from industrial and adjacent residential ares of Kano-Nigeria, using atomic absorption spectophotometer with air acetylene flame. These ares have been modified by the increase of industrial activities and extensive road network. The mean concentration of these elements in the zones ranged between 0.13-0.14µg- 1 in Ni to 2.17-105.01µgg-1 for lead; 52.51-151.67 µgg-1 for iron and 3.56-4.51µgg-1for copper. Their varying concentration maybe due to their prevailing in the industrial and residential areas of the municipality.

Research paper thumbnail of The Need For Energy Efficiency In Nigeria: Taking The Footstep Of Niger Republic

Research paper thumbnail of Estimation of Heavy Metals in Neem Tree Leaves along Katsina – Dutsinma – Funtua Highway in Katsina State of Nigeria

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2011

ABSTRACT Widespread and growing use of medicinal plants has created public health challenges in t... more ABSTRACT Widespread and growing use of medicinal plants has created public health challenges in terms of quality, safety and effectiveness. Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotomete(AAS), concentrations of Ni, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr and Pb, , were determined in samples of neem tree (Azadirachta indica) leaves obtained from Katsina, Dutsinma, Kankara and Funtua along Katsina – Dutsinma – Funtua highway in Katsina state of Nigeria. The mean level of the metals in the various locations along the highway varied between Ni (1.14mg/Kg and 1.92mg/Kg); Zn (2.48mg/Kg and 6.08mg/Kg);Mn (2.67mg/Kg and 4.72mg/Kg); Cu (1.91mg/Kg and 2.99mg/Kg); Cr (0.17mg/Kg and 0.37mg/Kg) and Pb (0.77mg/Kg and 2.25mg/Kg). Samples from Katsina indicated the highest levels of Zn, Ni and Pb while samples from Funtua indicated the highest levels of Cu and Cr. However, the levels of all metals obtained from the samples from various locations along the highway were below the WHO/FDA permissible levels of heavy metals in herbal plants

Research paper thumbnail of One-step synthesis of solid sulfonic acid catalyst and its application in the acetalization of glycerol: crystal structure of cis-5-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane trimer

Chemical Papers, 2012

A one-pot method was employed to immobilize sulfonic acid onto silica obtained from rice husk ash... more A one-pot method was employed to immobilize sulfonic acid onto silica obtained from rice husk ash using 3-(mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane to form a solid catalyst denoted as RHASO3H. BET measurements of the catalyst showed the surface area to be 340 m2 g−1 with the average pore volume of 0.24 mL g−1 and the pore diameter of 2.9 nm. Acidity test of cation exchange capacity and pyridine adsorption studies revealed the presence of Brønsted acid sites on the catalyst surface. The catalyst was used in the acetalization reaction of glycerol with benzaldehyde. Under optimized conditions, the reaction showed the maximum conversion of 78 % after 8 h with 67 % selectivity towards the five membered ring isomer. Variation in the glycerol concentration had a significant effect on the reactants conversion. A single crystal X-ray study of one of the products proved the existence of a unique trimer formed by hydrogen bonding by the six-membered cis-isomer. The catalyst was several times recycled w...

Research paper thumbnail of Tetramethylguanidine–silica nanoparticles as an efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic propylene carbonate from carbon dioxide and propylene oxide

Applied Catalysis A: General, 2013

ABSTRACT Tetramethylguanidine covalently bonded to silica was found to be an efficient and recycla... more ABSTRACT Tetramethylguanidine covalently bonded to silica was found to be an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of propylene carbonate (PC) from propylene oxide (PO) and carbon dioxide.The catalyst was prepared, first by the coupling of 3-(chloropropyl)triethoxysilane with silica from rice husk ash (RHA), to form 3-chloropropyl silica (RHACCl). This was later grafted with tetramethylguanidine molecule to form a solid base catalyst (RHAPrTMG). The surface morphology analyzed by TEM, revealed the presence of spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 19.62 nm. The 13C solid state NMR indicated the presence of 5 sets of carbon atoms in the structure. Aconversion of 92% was achieved under the optimized reaction conditions (130◦C, 5.0 MPa, 8 h), with a propylene carbonate selectivity of ca. 98%. The catalyst can be easily recovered by filtration and reused for at least four times without appreciable loss of its catalytic activity.

Research paper thumbnail of Sustainability of Agricultural Production in Communal Areas of Zimbabwe: Case of Chionekano Communal Lands

Agricultural production in most parts of the semi arid Katsina is supplemented by other sources o... more Agricultural production in most parts of the semi arid Katsina is supplemented by other sources of water supply especially during the dry seasons. Since the construction of Jibia dam in 1991, only about 170 hectares out of 3,500 hectares have been under irrigation due to inadequate supply of diesel to power the engine for adequate water supply to the farms. This situation has worsened leaving large areas of land uncultivated while the dam stores large volume of water. In this paper therefore, the potential of renewable sources of energy in hybrid form (wind, solar thermal, small hydro, and agricultural waste fuel) is explored and harnessed to generate power that could subsequently be used to adequately supply water to the vast uncultivated agricultural lands around Jibia irrigation project in Katsina state.

Research paper thumbnail of Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Calotropis Species and their Applications: A Review

Biosynthesis of metallic nanomaterials has become an important field of research. The synthesis o... more Biosynthesis of metallic nanomaterials has become an important field of research. The synthesis of metallic nanomaterials using plant extracts is a single-step, simple, rapid, and eco-friendly. The reducing agents involved include the various water-soluble secondary metabolites (Alkaloids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, carbohydrates etc.) of the plant extracts. Diverse salts of metals of the transition metal series such as Gold (Au), Silver (Ag), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) etc, have been used in the synthesis. This review focused on the use of extracts of Calotropis species (spp) in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. The methods of synthesis and various applications of the synthesized nanoparticles were also discussed. Danhalilu et al.; CJAST, 32(2): 1-10, 2019; Article no.CJAST.46052 2

Research paper thumbnail of Sustainability of Agricultural Production in Communal Areas of Zimbabwe: Case of Chionekano Communal Lands

Agricultural production in most parts of the semi arid Katsina is supplemented by other sources o... more Agricultural production in most parts of the semi arid Katsina is supplemented by other sources of water supply especially during the dry seasons. Since the construction of Jibia dam in 1991, only about 170 hectares out of 3,500 hectares have been under irrigation due to inadequate supply of diesel to power the engine for adequate water supply to the farms. This situation has worsened leaving large areas of land uncultivated while the dam stores large volume of water. In this paper therefore, the potential of renewable sources of energy in hybrid form (wind, solar thermal, small hydro, and agricultural waste fuel) is explored and harnessed to generate power that could subsequently be used to adequately supply water to the vast uncultivated agricultural lands around Jibia irrigation project in Katsina state.

Research paper thumbnail of Food Versus Fuel: The Way Forward For Africa

The recent crisis in energy particularly from fossil fuel has necessitated the development of oth... more The recent crisis in energy particularly from fossil fuel has necessitated the development of other alternatives such as bio-fuel. Unfortunately, the diversion of resources from food crops to bio-fuel has brought about high grain commodity prices. It is noted that about 14% of the world’s total population lack adequate food, and majority of them come from China, India, Africa, and Latin america. Thus the need to pay attention to the production of non cash crops or non edible crops as a source of energy is inevitable. Jatropha, for example, has attracted a fair amount of attention in recent years. A hardy bush thought to be appropriate for cultivation in Africa, Jatropha thrives in arid areas and can be grown on desert and marginal lands without taking land out of cultivation for food production and without requiring expensive inputs like fertilizers and water. This paper therefore, examines the conflict arising from the use of scarce food crops to promote bio-fuel and its attendant ...

Research paper thumbnail of Copper, Iron, Lead and Nickel accumulation by funaria hygrometrica in Industrial and residential areas of kano municipality, kano-Nigeria

Metal concentrations (Cu, Fe, Pb, and Ni) were determined in funaria hygrometrica collected from ... more Metal concentrations (Cu, Fe, Pb, and Ni) were determined in funaria hygrometrica collected from industrial and adjacent residential ares of Kano-Nigeria, using atomic absorption spectophotometer with air acetylene flame. These ares have been modified by the increase of industrial activities and extensive road network. The mean concentration of these elements in the zones ranged between 0.13-0.14µg- 1 in Ni to 2.17-105.01µgg-1 for lead; 52.51-151.67 µgg-1 for iron and 3.56-4.51µgg-1for copper. Their varying concentration maybe due to their prevailing in the industrial and residential areas of the municipality.

Research paper thumbnail of The Need For Energy Efficiency In Nigeria: Taking The Footstep Of Niger Republic

Research paper thumbnail of Estimation of Heavy Metals in Neem Tree Leaves along Katsina – Dutsinma – Funtua Highway in Katsina State of Nigeria

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2011

ABSTRACT Widespread and growing use of medicinal plants has created public health challenges in t... more ABSTRACT Widespread and growing use of medicinal plants has created public health challenges in terms of quality, safety and effectiveness. Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotomete(AAS), concentrations of Ni, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr and Pb, , were determined in samples of neem tree (Azadirachta indica) leaves obtained from Katsina, Dutsinma, Kankara and Funtua along Katsina – Dutsinma – Funtua highway in Katsina state of Nigeria. The mean level of the metals in the various locations along the highway varied between Ni (1.14mg/Kg and 1.92mg/Kg); Zn (2.48mg/Kg and 6.08mg/Kg);Mn (2.67mg/Kg and 4.72mg/Kg); Cu (1.91mg/Kg and 2.99mg/Kg); Cr (0.17mg/Kg and 0.37mg/Kg) and Pb (0.77mg/Kg and 2.25mg/Kg). Samples from Katsina indicated the highest levels of Zn, Ni and Pb while samples from Funtua indicated the highest levels of Cu and Cr. However, the levels of all metals obtained from the samples from various locations along the highway were below the WHO/FDA permissible levels of heavy metals in herbal plants

Research paper thumbnail of One-step synthesis of solid sulfonic acid catalyst and its application in the acetalization of glycerol: crystal structure of cis-5-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane trimer

Chemical Papers, 2012

A one-pot method was employed to immobilize sulfonic acid onto silica obtained from rice husk ash... more A one-pot method was employed to immobilize sulfonic acid onto silica obtained from rice husk ash using 3-(mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane to form a solid catalyst denoted as RHASO3H. BET measurements of the catalyst showed the surface area to be 340 m2 g−1 with the average pore volume of 0.24 mL g−1 and the pore diameter of 2.9 nm. Acidity test of cation exchange capacity and pyridine adsorption studies revealed the presence of Brønsted acid sites on the catalyst surface. The catalyst was used in the acetalization reaction of glycerol with benzaldehyde. Under optimized conditions, the reaction showed the maximum conversion of 78 % after 8 h with 67 % selectivity towards the five membered ring isomer. Variation in the glycerol concentration had a significant effect on the reactants conversion. A single crystal X-ray study of one of the products proved the existence of a unique trimer formed by hydrogen bonding by the six-membered cis-isomer. The catalyst was several times recycled w...

Research paper thumbnail of Tetramethylguanidine–silica nanoparticles as an efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic propylene carbonate from carbon dioxide and propylene oxide

Applied Catalysis A: General, 2013

ABSTRACT Tetramethylguanidine covalently bonded to silica was found to be an efficient and recycla... more ABSTRACT Tetramethylguanidine covalently bonded to silica was found to be an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of propylene carbonate (PC) from propylene oxide (PO) and carbon dioxide.The catalyst was prepared, first by the coupling of 3-(chloropropyl)triethoxysilane with silica from rice husk ash (RHA), to form 3-chloropropyl silica (RHACCl). This was later grafted with tetramethylguanidine molecule to form a solid base catalyst (RHAPrTMG). The surface morphology analyzed by TEM, revealed the presence of spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 19.62 nm. The 13C solid state NMR indicated the presence of 5 sets of carbon atoms in the structure. Aconversion of 92% was achieved under the optimized reaction conditions (130◦C, 5.0 MPa, 8 h), with a propylene carbonate selectivity of ca. 98%. The catalyst can be easily recovered by filtration and reused for at least four times without appreciable loss of its catalytic activity.

Research paper thumbnail of Sustainability of Agricultural Production in Communal Areas of Zimbabwe: Case of Chionekano Communal Lands

Agricultural production in most parts of the semi arid Katsina is supplemented by other sources o... more Agricultural production in most parts of the semi arid Katsina is supplemented by other sources of water supply especially during the dry seasons. Since the construction of Jibia dam in 1991, only about 170 hectares out of 3,500 hectares have been under irrigation due to inadequate supply of diesel to power the engine for adequate water supply to the farms. This situation has worsened leaving large areas of land uncultivated while the dam stores large volume of water. In this paper therefore, the potential of renewable sources of energy in hybrid form (wind, solar thermal, small hydro, and agricultural waste fuel) is explored and harnessed to generate power that could subsequently be used to adequately supply water to the vast uncultivated agricultural lands around Jibia irrigation project in Katsina state.