Jorge Alberto Arriaga | Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (original) (raw)

Artículos by Jorge Alberto Arriaga

13th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation, 2020

As knowledge society is mainstreaming around the world, Information and Communication Technologie... more As knowledge society is mainstreaming around the world, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have been increasingly integrated in formal and informal leaning environments, especially in a complex and fast-changing reality. In this context, Learning and Knowledge Technologies (LKT) have proved to be a valuable asset for continuous learning of professional from all sectors, especially for those working on natural resources management and the governance of common goods, since science and technology related to these topic are rapidly moving forward and paradigms are changing in a fast-pace. The water sector is not the exception. Water resources management requires a specific set of skills that are not only oriented towards engineering and technical studies, but also requires the understanding of social and biological dynamics, all of them working together in a complex system. Due to the transdisciplinary approach and the constant changes in the area, water professionals are actively demanding new ways to increase their knowledge through virtual learning environments. This paper analyses the experience of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), with the collaboration of the Regional Centre for Water Security (CERSHI) under the auspices of UNESCO, in designing and implementing the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) on Water Security, available on Coursera platform. Firstly, the document presents the changes of paradigms in water management and explores how the water sector has incorporated them into its educational programs and trainings. Then, the phases of designing the MOOC are described, considering the identification, selection and analysis of formal education programs on water security, both nationals and internationals, as well as the integration of the syllabus under a frontier science approach. The development of the virtual learning environment is also discussed in this section. Finally, the capacity of this initiative to promote education for sustainability in Latin America and the Caribbean as well as community engagement and youth participation in integrated water resources management is discussed.

PROCEEDINGS IWRA Online Conference 2020, 2020

Abstract (a) Purpose or objectives and status of study or research hypothesis Analyze the Mexican... more Abstract
(a) Purpose or objectives and status of study or research hypothesis
Analyze the Mexican governance system to identify the elements that inhibit a sustainable aquifer management in Penjamo-Abasolo, Guanajuato and discuss the opportunities of Reglamento as a regulatory mechanism to enhance the adoption of a management plan.

(b) Key issue(s) or problem(s) addressed
Groundwater experiences the tragedy of the commons. Thus, it requires an analysis of the governance system to enhance its sustainable management. Worldwide, different policies have been developed based on this approach. These policies include water right systems and their reallocation, pumping bans, changes in economic incentives and subsidies, among others. Generally, the application of these mechanisms have not being sufficient to achieve a sustainable management of groundwater due to the challenges in their implementation and the existence of an inadequate governance system.
Mexico has experienced an increase of the number of overexploited aquifers over the last years.
Guanajuato state is the town with the highest number of ‘critical aquifers´ in Mexico. It has more than 20 000 deep wells, an extraction volume of 4000 hm3/year, and an extraction/recharge rate of 2.5. The Penjamo-Abasolo aquifer is the most critical aquifer in Guanajuato. It presents a deficit of 122 hm3, static groundwater levels of 150 m and sustained drop levels of 3 m/year on average.
Managing plans have experienced difficulties to be implemented as a result of the lack of information and communication systems and the insufficiency of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. A better definition of incentives, sanctions and compensations, as well as the assignation of economic and financial resources is also needed. In addition, the implementation of these actions is also limited as the rule of law is often flexible and sanctions to actors violating the legal framework are rarely putting in place.
The Mexican legal framework has a variety of administrative instruments to restrict the exploitation of groundwater and to limit new water rights based on public interest. The Reglamento outstands among the instruments due to its comprehensive approach that enhance the participation of all stakeholders.

(c) Methodology or approach used
The performance of groundwater governance in Guanajuato is evaluated under the framework of the reform of public policies for aquifer management, proposed by the Implementing Policy Change Project (IPC). The process includes: clarifying objectives, analyzing and mapping actors, identifying indicators of the principles of governance, and selecting options and strategies that reduce risks in the formulation and application of the Reglamento.

(d) Results and conclusions derived from the Project
The enhancement of groundwater governance through the Reglamento is made up of a hydrogeological evaluation update of the Penjamo Abasolo aquifer. Likewise, the elaboration of two programs is derived: the modernization and technification of irrigation to improve the efficiency of water use in the agricultural sector; and the improvement of the administrative water system through a proposal for monitoring and control of extraction.

(e) Implications of the project relevant to selected conference theme, theory and/or practice
The analysis and proposals are expected to suggest guidelines to improve the process of consensual regulation and can be replicated in aquifers in critical condition in Mexico.

H20 Gestión del Agua, 2020

Revista auxiliar de difusión del Sacmex dirigida a la población y profesionales interesados en el... more Revista auxiliar de difusión del Sacmex dirigida a la población y profesionales interesados en el sector agua.

H2O Gestión del Agua, 2020

En la actualidad el cambio climático es uno de los problemas de mayor importancia para la humanid... more En la actualidad el cambio climático es uno de los problemas de mayor importancia para la humanidad, dicho efecto se ha acelerado por influencia antropogénica, como las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, contaminación de cuerpos de agua, entre muchos otros. El trabajo presentado propone una metodología para identificar la existencia de cambio climático en la cuenca del río colorado, Estados Unidos, ya que a lo largo de los años ha presentado cambios en la precipitación, temperatura, así como también en su geomorfología. Dicha metodología se auxilia de análisis estadísticos como pruebas de homogeneidad y de tendencias con respecto a la media. ABSTRACT: Currently, climate change is one of the most important problems for humanity, this effect has been caused by anthropogenic pollution, such as emissions of greenhouse gases, pollution of bodies of water, among many others. The presented work proposes a methodology to identify the existence of a climate change in the basin of the Colorado River, United States, which over the years has presented changes in precipitation, as well as in its geomorphology. This methodology is supported by statistical analyzes such as tests of homogeneity and trends with respect to the mean.

Para alcanzar la gestión integrada y sustentable de las aguas nacionales y ejercer el derecho hum... more Para alcanzar la gestión integrada y sustentable de las aguas nacionales y ejercer el derecho humano al agua y saneamiento se requiere una reforma del sector hídrico mexicano

This paper presents the results achieved by the Water Development Support Program of the states o... more This paper presents the results achieved by the Water Development Support Program of the states of Oaxaca, Puebla and Tlaxcala (PADHPOT, in Spanish) in Ocotlan de Morelos, Oaxaca, Mexico. The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) created this program to help municipalities with a range of 10 and 100 thousand inhabitants to improve their water supply systems. Firstly, it is explained the origins and methodology used by the program. Then, the document describes the geographical and socioeconomic conditions related to the municipal water supply system. Finally, the text describes the goals achieved by PADHPOT in the community, focusing in the fact that an integrated view is needed in order not only to build hydraulic infrastructure but to promote institutional development and local capacity building.

Impluvium es una publicación de la Red del Agua UNAM; puede ser reproducida con fines no lucrativ... more Impluvium es una publicación de la Red del Agua UNAM; puede ser reproducida con fines no lucrativos, siempre y cuando no se mutile, se cite la fuente completa y su dirección electrónica. Las opiniones declaradas en la publicación son responsabilidad de sus autores.

RESUMEN: El artículo presenta la metodología utilizada por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mé... more RESUMEN: El artículo presenta la metodología utilizada por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), a través de la Red del Agua UNAM y la Alianza para la Formación e Investigac ió n en Infraestructura para el Desarrollo de México (Alianza FiiDEM), para el diseño e implementac ió n de una maestría en Gestión Integral del Agua. En un primer apartado, se reconoce a la gestión integrada de los recursos hídricos como el mejor medio para administrar las aguas nacionales y se debate en torno a los escasos logros alcanzados en su implementación. Enseguida, se describe detalladamente la metodología utilizada para la formulación de la propuesta de plan curricular en la maestría en Gestión Integral del Agua, que parte de la identificación, selección y análisis de los programas modelo en el tema a nivel nacional e internacional. Finalmente, se expone el proceso de adaptación de la propuesta curricular a las capacidades ya instaladas en la UNAM y los resultados alcanzados desde su creación en septiembre de 2015. ABSTRACT: This paper presents the methodology followed by the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), through the UNAM's Water Network and the Alianza para la Formación e Investigación en Infraestructura para el Desarrollo de México (Alianza FiiDEM), to design and create a masters degree in Integrated Water Resources Management. Firstly, the document acknowledge that the Integrated Water Resources Management is the best way to manage the Nation's water and debates about the few goals achieved during its implementation. Then, the methodology used to formulate the master's degree plan is described. The methodology goes from the identificatio n, selection and analysis of other national and international plans, to its implementation. Finally, the text shows how the program design by UNAM was adapted to its already existed capacities and the results achieved since its implementation in September 2015. PALABRAS CLAVES: gestión integral de los recursos hídricos; formación de recursos humanos; cultura del agua.

RESUMEN: El artículo expone los resultados alcanzados por el Programa de Apoyo al Desarrollo Hidr... more RESUMEN: El artículo expone los resultados alcanzados por el Programa de Apoyo al Desarrollo Hidráulico de los Estados de Puebla, Oaxaca y Tlaxcala (PADHPOT), formulado por la Univers idad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) para apoyar a las localidades de entre 10 mil y 100 mil habitantes a mejorar sus sistemas de agua potable, en el municipio de Ocotlán de Morelos, Oaxaca, México. En un primer apartado, se relata el origen del PADHPOT y se expone la metodología empleada a través de sus dos áreas de acción: Agua Potable y Saneamiento y Observatorio Hídrico. Enseguida, se realiza una breve descripción de las condiciones geográficas y socioeconómicas de la localidad que inciden en el sistema municipal de agua potable. Finalmente, se da cuenta de los avances en los trabajos realizados en la comunidad desde la implementación del Programa, enfatizando la necesidad de emplear una visión integral que conjugue la construcción de infraestructura hidráulica con el fortalecimiento institucional y el desarrollo de capacidades locales. ABSTRACT: This paper presents the results achieved by the Programa de Apoyo al Desarrollo Hidráulico de los Estados de Puebla, Oaxaca and Tlaxcala (PADHPOT) in Ocotlán de Morelos, Oaxaca, Mexico. This program was created by the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) to help municipalities with a range of 10 and 100 thousand inhabitants to improve their water supply systems. Firstly, it is explained the origins and methodology used by the program. Then, the document describes the geographical and socioeconomic conditions related to the municipal water supply system. Finally, the text describes the goals achieved by PADHPOT in the community, focusing in the fact that an integrated view is needed in order to not only build hydraulic infrastructure but to promote institutional development and local capacity-building. PALABRAS CLAVES: gestión integral de los recursos hídricos; desarrollo hidráulico municipal; planeación hidráulica.

unque comúnmente ha sido utilizado para referir un estado mental, filosófico y psicológico, el co... more unque comúnmente ha sido utilizado para referir un estado mental, filosófico y psicológico, el concepto de seguridad presenta una naturaleza fundamentalmente cambiante, pues si bien puede decirse que «en un sentido objetivo mide la ausencia de amenazas o valores adquiridos, y en un sentido subjetivo mide la ausencia de peligro de que dichos valores se ataquen»[ 1 ], es evidente que se encuentra sujeto a múltiples interpretaciones en función del actor encargado de formularlo y el marco histórico en el que lo haga. Así, es comprensible que a nivel internacional, con la firma de la Paz de Versalles en 1919, se hiciera referencia a la seguridad colectiva como la vía más efectiva para asegurar la paz, mientras que durante y después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial se extendiera de manera general el concepto de seguridad nacional. Para la década de los ochenta del siglo pasado, no obstante, el concepto ha experimentado una gradual ampliación en función de que la agenda internacional había priorizado, hasta antes del 11 de septiembre de 2001, los temas relacionados *Becario tesista del Proyecto PAPIIT IN307909 "Los modelos regionales de la seguridad energética y el desarrollo sustentable: el debate comparado" coordinado por el Dr.

13th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation, 2020

PROCEEDINGS IWRA Online Conference 2020, 2020

H20 Gestión del Agua, 2020

H2O Gestión del Agua, 2020

A mi madre y hermanos. Sin su ayuda ninguno de mis sueños se hubiese vuelto realidad.

Para solventar la crisis del agua que vive el país, entre 78 y 81 por ciento de los mexicanos tie... more Para solventar la crisis del agua que vive el país, entre 78 y 81 por ciento de los mexicanos tienen que invertir de cinco a 10 por ciento de sus ingresos para comprar el líquido embotellado para su consumo cotidiano. De hecho, 86 por ciento de la población no tiene acceso al agua las 24 horas del día y, como todo problema social, los más pobres resultan ser los más afectados, principalmente en estados como Oaxaca, Puebla y Tlaxcala.

Para los más pobres significa gastar 20% de sus ingresos debido al mal servicio potable Adquieren... more Para los más pobres significa gastar 20% de sus ingresos debido al mal servicio potable Adquieren agua embotellada 81% de mexicanos: UNAM Por la inseguridad hídrica, muchos hogares recurren a las pipas; llegan a pagar hasta $1,200

Vivo #Agua MÁS SOBRE EL TEMA (/TEMAS/AGUA) 3 Twittear 321 Culpables al azar () #Edomex (/tema/edo... more Vivo #Agua MÁS SOBRE EL TEMA (/TEMAS/AGUA) 3 Twittear 321 Culpables al azar () #Edomex (/tema/edomex) 'Mi hijo es inocente' () #PolíticaMonetaria (/temas/politicamonetaria) Alza en duda () #celuloide (/tema/celuloide) El tamaño del olvido () TE RECOMENDAMOS México gasta un chor… 696 Me gusta Enviar

Por qué México es el país que más agua embotellada consume en el mundo Juan Paullier BBC Mundo, C... more Por qué México es el país que más agua embotellada consume en el mundo Juan Paullier BBC Mundo, Ciudad de México (@juanpaullier) 28 julio 2015 Compartir México fue el año pasado el principal consumidor de agua embotellada en el mundo.

3 Primera Sesión Seguridad Hídrica en el Valle de México Consulta el webinar:

Módulo 3. Agua, Sesión I. Desafíos en la gobernanza del agua frente a la seguridad hídrica 1 MEMO... more Módulo 3. Agua, Sesión I. Desafíos en la gobernanza del agua frente a la seguridad hídrica 1 MEMORIA 2 Seminario Internacional Tópicos de Frontera en la Sustentabilidad.

ICERI Proceedings

Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management, 2015

The most important impacts of climate change will be exerted on water resources. In Mexico, due t... more The most important impacts of climate change will be exerted on water resources. In Mexico, due to environmental conditions, human factors, and water uses, different degrees of social vulnerability will take place because of the increased temperature, decreased precipitation, and higher recurrence of extreme events projected to take place in the second half of the twenty-first century. Based on these considerations, this chapter presents the case study of the Grijalva River basin, the largest dam system used for hydropower generation in Mexico. Using temperature and precipitation scenarios, the impacts of climate change on sea level rise, the production of electricity, and water quality and availability are analyzed. Finally, it presents some adaptation measures that contribute to reduce the vulnerability of societies living in the Grijalva River basin.

Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management, 2015

In this research, a comprehensive survey of water resources management and sustainability was con... more In this research, a comprehensive survey of water resources management and sustainability was conducted over the Western desert of Iraq. A modeling was performed using both remote sensing and numerical analytical tools. Field measurements of hydrological and hydrogeological variables were used to assess surface and groundwater resources. The watershed modeling system was used to identify the existing ponds in the region and to determine their topographical and geometric characteristics based on the digital elevation models. In this study, an annual water harvesting rate was determined for each basin of the studied area, and the annual rate of all the ponds was about 8000 m 3 /km 2. New prominent areas were identified in the field of water harvesting in which water can be exploited for various agricultural uses and the establishment of communities. The second part of water resources is groundwater resources where the amount of renewable and non-renewable groundwater in the region was estimated at more than 30 billion cubic meters. The maps obtained from the Geological Survey were used to identify important groundwater aquifers in the region and to prepare a table of promising areas for investment in future strategic projects. A group of preferred areas was identified as part of the medium-term investment plan for different uses and for safe extraction of groundwater around the province at an approximate annual rate of a billion cubic meter which is equal to the annual recharge rate of groundwater.