Csaba Forgacs | Corvinus University of Budapest (original) (raw)
Papers by Csaba Forgacs
Desalination; (Netherlands), 1982
Abstract Recent developments in the utilization of salinity power by reverse electrodialysis and ... more Abstract Recent developments in the utilization of salinity power by reverse electrodialysis and other methods are discussed in this lecture, given in 1980, and based in part on former publications of the author [1,2].
The Studies in Agricultural Economics is a scientifi c journal published by the Hungarian Academy... more The Studies in Agricultural Economics is a scientifi c journal published by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Budapest. Papers of agricultural economics interpreted in a broad sense covering all fi elds of the subject including econometric, policy, marketing, fi nancial, social, rural development and environmental aspects as well are published, subsequent to peer review and approval by the Editorial Board.
Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development", Jun 30, 2020
The paper deals with the main directions of specialization in Central and Eastern European Countr... more The paper deals with the main directions of specialization in Central and Eastern European Countries' (CEECs, EU10) agriculture after the EU's Eastward Enlargement. We analyse and compare growth and productivity advantages of specialized farm types by physical size (in hectare) in EU10 member-states to the EU10/27/15 average based on EUROSTAT data in the period of 2005-2016. We focus on exploring the main directions of specialization using such indicators as the number of specialized farms, land (Utilized Agricultural Area, UAA) and labour (Agricultural Working Unit, AWU) use on the input side, average farm size by land and labour use as well as area-, labour-, and total productivity on the output side. We conclude that the directions of specialization in farming in EU10 were based on the traditional farm production structure making the latter better able to adjust and take advantages of Common Agricultural Policy. Concerning production growth rate, the three leading specialization types of CEECs' farms were: (i) cattle rearing and fattening, (ii) cereals, oilseed and protein crops and (iii) fruits and citrus fruits. These three specialization types of farms-in the same ranking order-also increased land (UAA) and labour (AWU) use well above the average. Specialized cereals farms and cattle rearing and fattening farms were also ranked in top three by number. Both cereals and fruits specialized farms have leading position in growth rate of land and labour use and also are in top three in growth rate of land area and total farm productivity. Cereals and fruits specialized farms also more than doubled labour productivity during the first decade after the EU's Eastward enlargement but did not rank in the top three in this category.
Journal of Rural Cooperation, 2008
GAZDÃ LKODÃ S: Scientific Journal on Agricultural Economics, 2008
Az agrárgazdaság nemzetközi kutatási irányzatait abból a célból tekintettük át, hogy a jövőben az... more Az agrárgazdaság nemzetközi kutatási irányzatait abból a célból tekintettük át, hogy a jövőben azokhoz a magyarországi kutatás is felzárkózhasson. Ehhez két közelítési módot alkalmaztunk: egyrészt a jelenlegi (főként a 2000-es) évtized szakirodalma alapján próbáltuk meghatározni a hosszabb távon várható tendenciákat, másrészt a közelmúltbeli konferenciák témáinak elemzésével kíséreltük meg a tematikai arányok rövid távú változásait megbecsülni. A hosszú távú új irányzatok közül kiemelhetők egyrészt a transzdiszciplináris kutatások, amelyeket az EU is zászlajára tűzött, s ma már nemzetközi intézete, folyóirata és nemzetközi szövetsége is van. Kiemelhetők másrészt a mezőgazdasági és közgazdasági paradigmákkal kapcsolatos egyenkénti és összehasonlító vizsgálatok, amelyek a jövőben szükséges szemléletmódokat alapozzák meg. Megkülönböztetett figyelmet érdemel a multifunkciós és a globalizált mezőgazdaság paradigmája, valamint a biofizikai, illetve ökológiai közgazdaságtan irányzata. Az áttekintett tizenegy nemzetközi tanácskozás programja tükrében azt vizsgáltuk, hogy az egyes nemzetközi tanácskozások témái mennyiben tudtak az elmúlt években a kutatások főáramába beágyazódni. Ez segíthet a hazai kutatások helyes irányainak kijelölésében. Kétségkívül a rendszerváltás utáni években jelentősen visszaesett a magyar kutatók nemzetközi fórumokon való jelenléte, ami csak a legutóbbi években kezd pozitív irányba elmozdulni. Ebben döntő szerepe van az új, fiatal és részben középgenerációnak, illetve néhány hazai műhelynek. A kérdés az, hogy milyen további tennivalóink vannak abban a tekintetben, hogy a következő években a hazai kutatók eredményei nagyobb arányban igazodjanak a főáramhoz és mérettessenek meg nemzetközi szinten, bekerülve a tanácskozások plenáris, "contributed paper" és poszter szekcióiba, és mindehhez milyen lépések szükségesek a kutatási témaválasztásban és az alkalmazott módszertanban. 1 A két előadást az MTA Agrártudományok Osztályának Agrár-közgazdasági Bizottsága 2008. március 31-i ülésén megvitatta "Az új hatások megjelenése az agrárgazdasági kutatások prioritási rendszerében" címen.
GAZDÁLKODÁS: Scientific Journal on Agricultural Economics, Dec 1, 2006
Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development", Jul 30, 2021
This paper analyses the structural development of farm specialization in Central and Eastern Euro... more This paper analyses the structural development of farm specialization in Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs/EU-10 2) over the 2005-2016 period with a special focus on regional aspects of such development. We look at the number, land, labour and production of ten specialization types of farming in each of the EU-10 countries using EUROSTAT data, and compare these with the EU-15/27 averages. We conclude that the number of specialized farms in EU-10 declined to a lesser than in the EU-15 but doubled the production against 30 per cent growth in EU-15. The growth of production shows strong regional differences from 50 per cent to 200 in EU-10 and, offering more jobs in three countries in 2016 than in 2005. Cereal farms more than tripled production closing the gap to EU-15 average from two third to 50 per cent. In 2016, already over 75 per cent of the production of specialized farms in CEECs came from TOP 3 specializations (dairy, cereal and pig), well above EU-15 average (55 per cent). From 2005 until 2016 growth of area, labour and total productivity of specialized farms in EU-10 well exceeded that of EU-15. Their levels, however, were still only around 43 per cent, 25 per cent and 20 per cent of that of EU-15 in 2016. The ratio between the highest and lowest productivity levels within EU-10 is 3.8 with respect to area, 5.2 with respect to labour, and 35.4 with respect to total productivity in 2016 and shows clearly the extent of scattering in the productivity of specialized farms in EU-10 countries.
Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development", May 8, 2019
The paper deals with growth and productivity advantages of specialized farms by physical size in ... more The paper deals with growth and productivity advantages of specialized farms by physical size in EU10 (Central and East European Countries, CEECs) and makes a comparison between EU10 and EU27/15 average using EUROSTAT data in the period of 2005-2013. Focus is given to exploring the level and development of such indicators as change in number of specialized farms, land (Utilized Agricultural Area, UAA) and labor (Agricultural Work Unit, AWU) use on input side; average farm size by land and labor use. On output side area, labor and total productivity were analyzed. Paper gives a dynamic analysis of all these indicators pointing out what farm sizes give a more stable ground for increasing growth and productivity at a higher speed supporting to improve competitiveness of CEECs' agriculture. It was concluded that specialization in farming in EU10 offered a more survival path having physical size bigger than non-specialized farms and, in relative term, pushed less labor out from the sector than non-specialized farms did. Specialized farms in EU10 have increased both labor and area productivity at a higher speed than non-specialized farms in all three productivity indicators except in Poland where it was opposite and, in Estonia in total farm output. Largest specialized farms more than doubled production in 7 out of EU10.
The paper deals with developments and possible future of small farms in EU with special respect t... more The paper deals with developments and possible future of small farms in EU with special respect to EU 10 (Central East European Countries, CEECs) analyzing the structure of small farms by economic and area size on one hand and, their Standard Output (SO) as well as labor use (Agricultural Working Unit, AWU) and the farm manager aspect on the other. The main conclusions of the paper underline that importance of small farms in rural development cannot be neglected by policy makers, although, trends of development indicate certain differences in concentration in economic size, area size, standard output (SO) and engaged labor between CEECs. It was pointed out that decline of number of farms and that of small farms especially has continued between 2005 and 2010 more in EU 10 than EU 27 and more in case of farms with less than 2 ha (UAA) in EU 10. Decline was much higher in case of small farms run by managers over 65. Labor use also went back in small farms more in EU 10 than EU 27 and more in case of farms with UAA below 2 ha. Standard Output grew faster in EU 10 than EU27, however concerning SO of small farms below 5 ha a higher declined was observed in EU 10 in compare with EU 27. Brief evaluation on effectiveness of CAP in 2006-2013 programming period and future policy towards small farms for 2014-2020 was also discussed.
Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development", May 11, 2022
The paper explores which farm types by specialisation direction 2 (ten different types) and at wh... more The paper explores which farm types by specialisation direction 2 (ten different types) and at what farm sizes by physical size 3 (five categories) of specialised farms backed more production growth and productivity development in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs, EU10 4) over the period of 2005-2016. We compare EU10 average figures to EU27/15 averages and outline the changes by specialisation in total resource use of (i) labour (AWU), (ii) land (UAA) as well as in (iii) average farm size (UAA/specialised farms), (iv) total farm productivity (SO/farm), (v) labour productivity (SO/AWU) and (vi) area productivity (SO/UAA). We conclude that production and productivity growth of specialised farms in EU 10 differs by country, and by type and size of farming and, each CEEC has followed her own path of farm structure development in line with the country's tradition and economic possibilities. We give regional characteristics of development in main specialisation types broken down to 5 farm size categories. We concluded the number of cereal farms increased in 6 out of 10 countries in all farm size categories and that of cattle farms went up in 5 out of EU 10 from 2005 to 2016. Farms with these two specializations have significantly extended agriculture land use and more than tripled production, but used more labor compared to basis year. SO/Farm/UAA/AWU productivity indicators of cereal farms increased quite a bit in most farm size categories in all EU 10 countries to a less extent in cattle, poultry pig and dairy farms. Growth in area productivity was led by pig, poultry, and cereal farms at E 10 level. Growth of the three productivity indicators in EU 10 are scattered quite a bit by farm types, and by countries but generally was headed by three farm size categories as 5-19.9 ha, 20-49.9 ha and 50-99.9 ha. However, the distance between EU10 and EU15 related to the level of production, land, and labour productivity still shows wide gap which needs to further narrow in the coming years.
Studies in Agricultural Economics, 2007
In Hungary radical reforms have meant that an increasing number of cooperatives have either fragm... more In Hungary radical reforms have meant that an increasing number of cooperatives have either fragmented or gone bankrupt because of not being competitive under current market conditions. Others, however, have been able to maintain or even improve on their previous success. Individual farmers have also established new cooperatives and are trying to further cooperation. This paper discusses the importance of cooperatives' management during the transition period, a topic which the pertinent literature does not fully address. Production coops were not only economic units but also social networks. Two successful cooperatives from the same town, one old and one new, have been used and comparisons drawn regarding their management and progress, both of which were backed by social capital. The fi ndings show that, in the traditional agricultural coop , a more social-(member) oriented leadership has helped to overcome economic, social, and psychological barriers erected during transition. With the new coop , the post-reform period has prompted enhanced cooperation mainly dependent on a increased level of social capital.
The model presented in this paper describes the structure of the Hungarian forest sector. The pla... more The model presented in this paper describes the structure of the Hungarian forest sector. The planning of the sector at a national and company level as well as the mechanism of regulation concerning production, investments, and consumption are also investigated and the exports and imports linked. One of the most important objectives is to create this model in order to study the behavior of the system so as to aid the decision making both in strategic and tactical areas. Apart from forestry the model also includes the wood processing activities.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum, Mar 30, 2017
W artykule przedstawiono sposób wykorzystania badań dylatometrycznych (DMT) w określaniu składu g... more W artykule przedstawiono sposób wykorzystania badań dylatometrycznych (DMT) w określaniu składu granulometrycznego gruntów. Sposób ten opracowano na podstawie interpretacji wyników badań DMT z Kampusu SGGW, warszawskiego osiedla Stegny i II linii warszawskiego metra. Wyniki badań DMT porównano z określeniem zawartości procentowej frakcji otrzymanych z badań laboratoryjnych, które interpretowano zgodnie z normami PN-86/B-02480, PN-EN ISO 14688-1 i PN-EN ISO 14688-2. Efektem porównania jest propozycja autorskiej klasyfikacji i nomogramu, które mogą być wykorzystane do rozpoznania rodzaju gruntu na podstawie badań DMT. Słowa kluczowe: klasyfikacja gruntów, badania DMT, interpretacja wyników, nomogram klasyfikacyjny WSTĘP Rozwój technicznej działalności człowieka pociąga za sobą rozwój budownictwa. Sprawia to, że budowane obecnie obiekty inżynieryjne, coraz większe i cięższe, niejednokrotnie posadowione są na gruntach słabych, w tym na gruntach organicznych. Zmusza to projektantów do stosowania coraz bardziej skomplikowanych systemów posadowień tego typu obiektów. W celu dobrania odpowiedniego systemu należy posiadać wiedzę o podłożu, na którym lub w którym obiekt będzie posadowiony. Do tego celu służą badania podłoża gruntowego, które można podzielić na terenowe i laboratoryjne. Badania laboratoryjne mają szereg zalet, takich jak: dokładność, dobrze zdefiniowany stan naprężenia czy możliwość kontrolowania warunków odpływu (Gryczmański, 1995; Pisarczyk, 2014a, 2014b). Jednakże badania terenowe pozwalają na szybsze określenie warunków geotechnicznych, w tym rodzaju i stanu gruntów w podłożu budowli. W niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę wykorzystania wyników badań dylatometrycznych (DMT) do rozpoznania rodzaju gruntów. Aby osiągnąć ten cel, przeprowadzono analizę archiwalnych badań wykonanych przez Katedrę Geoinżynierii Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie trzech następujących obiektów: Kampusu SGGW, osiedla Stegny i II linii warszawskiego metra. W dotychczasowej praktyce badania dylatometryczne (DMT) rzadko wykorzystywano do rozpoznania rodzaju gruntów występujących w podłożu. Marchetti, przedstawiając w 1980 roku innowacyjne urządzenie badawcze, zaproponował podział gruntów zależnie od wartości wskaźnika materiałowego (I
Economics of Agriculture, 2011
The paper investigates the motivations of players within agri-food chain to participate in collec... more The paper investigates the motivations of players within agri-food chain to participate in collective agricultural marketing actions using a survey. Our main findings are follows. Estimations show that being member in a lobby group positively influences the participation in collective agricultural marketing programs. Financial support, product developing, finding partner contacts with marketing chains and new partners have strong positive effect in the satisfaction in collective agricultural actions. Finally, membership of a lobby group and the size of firms or associations have positive impact on the willingness to pay for collective marketing actions.
Small-scale producers in modern agrifood markets Policy Brief 1 december 2007 key messages G The ... more Small-scale producers in modern agrifood markets Policy Brief 1 december 2007 key messages G The Regoverning Markets programme comprises a global consortium of researchers and development practitioners from 16 organizations G Evidence from empirical research, case studies and multi-stakeholder dialogues are drawn together to guide a call for action G Agrifood market restructuring is occurring rapidly in most countries. Substantial restructuring at the retail and food industry level is not always matched by farm-level restructuring G The chain "intermediaries" need to be better understood, as bridges between small farmers and modern markets G There are territorial as well as farm-specific dimensions to market inclusion and exclusion G Food safety and traceability create specific challenges for inclusive modern market development G Private sector attention to pro-poor and inclusive business models is emerging Inclusive agrifood markets Emerging findings from a programme of research and policy development Bill Vorley and Felicity Proctor Agrifood markets and supply chain structures are changing in dynamic and unprecedented ways. Market liberalization, changes in consumer preferences and purchasing power and the modernization of food processing and retailing-including the rise of supermarkets-are primary drivers of change. It can take developing and transition economies as little as ten years to reach the levels of agrifood market restructuring that took five or more decades in Western Europe or North America. Small-scale agriculture and traditional market chains, which support the livelihoods of the majority of the poor in the world, are ill-prepared for these changes, which can bring opportunities but can also bypass domestic businesses and impose high barriers to entry for small-scale producers. Regoverning Markets Consortium Members INTERNATIONAL COORDINATOR International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), UK (Bill Vorley
Regoverning Markets is a multi-partner collaborative research programme analysing the growing con... more Regoverning Markets is a multi-partner collaborative research programme analysing the growing concentration in the processing and retail sectors of national and regional agrifood systems and its impacts on rural livelihoods and communities in middle-and low-income countries. The aim of the programme is to provide strategic advice and guidance to the public sector, agrifood chain actors, civil society organizations and development agencies on approaches that can anticipate and manage the impacts of the dynamic changes in local and regional markets. Innovative Practice series Innovative Practice is a series of country case studies from the Regoverning Markets programme providing examples of specific innovation in connecting small-scale producers with dynamic markets at local or regional level. Based on significant fieldwork activities, the studies focus on four drivers of innovation: public policy principles, private business models, collective action strategies by smallscale farmers, and intervention strategies and methods of development agencies. The studies highlight policy lessons and working methods to guide public and private actors.
Routledge eBooks, Apr 8, 2016
Desalination; (Netherlands), 1982
Abstract Recent developments in the utilization of salinity power by reverse electrodialysis and ... more Abstract Recent developments in the utilization of salinity power by reverse electrodialysis and other methods are discussed in this lecture, given in 1980, and based in part on former publications of the author [1,2].
The Studies in Agricultural Economics is a scientifi c journal published by the Hungarian Academy... more The Studies in Agricultural Economics is a scientifi c journal published by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Budapest. Papers of agricultural economics interpreted in a broad sense covering all fi elds of the subject including econometric, policy, marketing, fi nancial, social, rural development and environmental aspects as well are published, subsequent to peer review and approval by the Editorial Board.
Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development", Jun 30, 2020
The paper deals with the main directions of specialization in Central and Eastern European Countr... more The paper deals with the main directions of specialization in Central and Eastern European Countries' (CEECs, EU10) agriculture after the EU's Eastward Enlargement. We analyse and compare growth and productivity advantages of specialized farm types by physical size (in hectare) in EU10 member-states to the EU10/27/15 average based on EUROSTAT data in the period of 2005-2016. We focus on exploring the main directions of specialization using such indicators as the number of specialized farms, land (Utilized Agricultural Area, UAA) and labour (Agricultural Working Unit, AWU) use on the input side, average farm size by land and labour use as well as area-, labour-, and total productivity on the output side. We conclude that the directions of specialization in farming in EU10 were based on the traditional farm production structure making the latter better able to adjust and take advantages of Common Agricultural Policy. Concerning production growth rate, the three leading specialization types of CEECs' farms were: (i) cattle rearing and fattening, (ii) cereals, oilseed and protein crops and (iii) fruits and citrus fruits. These three specialization types of farms-in the same ranking order-also increased land (UAA) and labour (AWU) use well above the average. Specialized cereals farms and cattle rearing and fattening farms were also ranked in top three by number. Both cereals and fruits specialized farms have leading position in growth rate of land and labour use and also are in top three in growth rate of land area and total farm productivity. Cereals and fruits specialized farms also more than doubled labour productivity during the first decade after the EU's Eastward enlargement but did not rank in the top three in this category.
Journal of Rural Cooperation, 2008
GAZDÃ LKODÃ S: Scientific Journal on Agricultural Economics, 2008
Az agrárgazdaság nemzetközi kutatási irányzatait abból a célból tekintettük át, hogy a jövőben az... more Az agrárgazdaság nemzetközi kutatási irányzatait abból a célból tekintettük át, hogy a jövőben azokhoz a magyarországi kutatás is felzárkózhasson. Ehhez két közelítési módot alkalmaztunk: egyrészt a jelenlegi (főként a 2000-es) évtized szakirodalma alapján próbáltuk meghatározni a hosszabb távon várható tendenciákat, másrészt a közelmúltbeli konferenciák témáinak elemzésével kíséreltük meg a tematikai arányok rövid távú változásait megbecsülni. A hosszú távú új irányzatok közül kiemelhetők egyrészt a transzdiszciplináris kutatások, amelyeket az EU is zászlajára tűzött, s ma már nemzetközi intézete, folyóirata és nemzetközi szövetsége is van. Kiemelhetők másrészt a mezőgazdasági és közgazdasági paradigmákkal kapcsolatos egyenkénti és összehasonlító vizsgálatok, amelyek a jövőben szükséges szemléletmódokat alapozzák meg. Megkülönböztetett figyelmet érdemel a multifunkciós és a globalizált mezőgazdaság paradigmája, valamint a biofizikai, illetve ökológiai közgazdaságtan irányzata. Az áttekintett tizenegy nemzetközi tanácskozás programja tükrében azt vizsgáltuk, hogy az egyes nemzetközi tanácskozások témái mennyiben tudtak az elmúlt években a kutatások főáramába beágyazódni. Ez segíthet a hazai kutatások helyes irányainak kijelölésében. Kétségkívül a rendszerváltás utáni években jelentősen visszaesett a magyar kutatók nemzetközi fórumokon való jelenléte, ami csak a legutóbbi években kezd pozitív irányba elmozdulni. Ebben döntő szerepe van az új, fiatal és részben középgenerációnak, illetve néhány hazai műhelynek. A kérdés az, hogy milyen további tennivalóink vannak abban a tekintetben, hogy a következő években a hazai kutatók eredményei nagyobb arányban igazodjanak a főáramhoz és mérettessenek meg nemzetközi szinten, bekerülve a tanácskozások plenáris, "contributed paper" és poszter szekcióiba, és mindehhez milyen lépések szükségesek a kutatási témaválasztásban és az alkalmazott módszertanban. 1 A két előadást az MTA Agrártudományok Osztályának Agrár-közgazdasági Bizottsága 2008. március 31-i ülésén megvitatta "Az új hatások megjelenése az agrárgazdasági kutatások prioritási rendszerében" címen.
GAZDÁLKODÁS: Scientific Journal on Agricultural Economics, Dec 1, 2006
Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development", Jul 30, 2021
This paper analyses the structural development of farm specialization in Central and Eastern Euro... more This paper analyses the structural development of farm specialization in Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs/EU-10 2) over the 2005-2016 period with a special focus on regional aspects of such development. We look at the number, land, labour and production of ten specialization types of farming in each of the EU-10 countries using EUROSTAT data, and compare these with the EU-15/27 averages. We conclude that the number of specialized farms in EU-10 declined to a lesser than in the EU-15 but doubled the production against 30 per cent growth in EU-15. The growth of production shows strong regional differences from 50 per cent to 200 in EU-10 and, offering more jobs in three countries in 2016 than in 2005. Cereal farms more than tripled production closing the gap to EU-15 average from two third to 50 per cent. In 2016, already over 75 per cent of the production of specialized farms in CEECs came from TOP 3 specializations (dairy, cereal and pig), well above EU-15 average (55 per cent). From 2005 until 2016 growth of area, labour and total productivity of specialized farms in EU-10 well exceeded that of EU-15. Their levels, however, were still only around 43 per cent, 25 per cent and 20 per cent of that of EU-15 in 2016. The ratio between the highest and lowest productivity levels within EU-10 is 3.8 with respect to area, 5.2 with respect to labour, and 35.4 with respect to total productivity in 2016 and shows clearly the extent of scattering in the productivity of specialized farms in EU-10 countries.
Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development", May 8, 2019
The paper deals with growth and productivity advantages of specialized farms by physical size in ... more The paper deals with growth and productivity advantages of specialized farms by physical size in EU10 (Central and East European Countries, CEECs) and makes a comparison between EU10 and EU27/15 average using EUROSTAT data in the period of 2005-2013. Focus is given to exploring the level and development of such indicators as change in number of specialized farms, land (Utilized Agricultural Area, UAA) and labor (Agricultural Work Unit, AWU) use on input side; average farm size by land and labor use. On output side area, labor and total productivity were analyzed. Paper gives a dynamic analysis of all these indicators pointing out what farm sizes give a more stable ground for increasing growth and productivity at a higher speed supporting to improve competitiveness of CEECs' agriculture. It was concluded that specialization in farming in EU10 offered a more survival path having physical size bigger than non-specialized farms and, in relative term, pushed less labor out from the sector than non-specialized farms did. Specialized farms in EU10 have increased both labor and area productivity at a higher speed than non-specialized farms in all three productivity indicators except in Poland where it was opposite and, in Estonia in total farm output. Largest specialized farms more than doubled production in 7 out of EU10.
The paper deals with developments and possible future of small farms in EU with special respect t... more The paper deals with developments and possible future of small farms in EU with special respect to EU 10 (Central East European Countries, CEECs) analyzing the structure of small farms by economic and area size on one hand and, their Standard Output (SO) as well as labor use (Agricultural Working Unit, AWU) and the farm manager aspect on the other. The main conclusions of the paper underline that importance of small farms in rural development cannot be neglected by policy makers, although, trends of development indicate certain differences in concentration in economic size, area size, standard output (SO) and engaged labor between CEECs. It was pointed out that decline of number of farms and that of small farms especially has continued between 2005 and 2010 more in EU 10 than EU 27 and more in case of farms with less than 2 ha (UAA) in EU 10. Decline was much higher in case of small farms run by managers over 65. Labor use also went back in small farms more in EU 10 than EU 27 and more in case of farms with UAA below 2 ha. Standard Output grew faster in EU 10 than EU27, however concerning SO of small farms below 5 ha a higher declined was observed in EU 10 in compare with EU 27. Brief evaluation on effectiveness of CAP in 2006-2013 programming period and future policy towards small farms for 2014-2020 was also discussed.
Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development", May 11, 2022
The paper explores which farm types by specialisation direction 2 (ten different types) and at wh... more The paper explores which farm types by specialisation direction 2 (ten different types) and at what farm sizes by physical size 3 (five categories) of specialised farms backed more production growth and productivity development in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs, EU10 4) over the period of 2005-2016. We compare EU10 average figures to EU27/15 averages and outline the changes by specialisation in total resource use of (i) labour (AWU), (ii) land (UAA) as well as in (iii) average farm size (UAA/specialised farms), (iv) total farm productivity (SO/farm), (v) labour productivity (SO/AWU) and (vi) area productivity (SO/UAA). We conclude that production and productivity growth of specialised farms in EU 10 differs by country, and by type and size of farming and, each CEEC has followed her own path of farm structure development in line with the country's tradition and economic possibilities. We give regional characteristics of development in main specialisation types broken down to 5 farm size categories. We concluded the number of cereal farms increased in 6 out of 10 countries in all farm size categories and that of cattle farms went up in 5 out of EU 10 from 2005 to 2016. Farms with these two specializations have significantly extended agriculture land use and more than tripled production, but used more labor compared to basis year. SO/Farm/UAA/AWU productivity indicators of cereal farms increased quite a bit in most farm size categories in all EU 10 countries to a less extent in cattle, poultry pig and dairy farms. Growth in area productivity was led by pig, poultry, and cereal farms at E 10 level. Growth of the three productivity indicators in EU 10 are scattered quite a bit by farm types, and by countries but generally was headed by three farm size categories as 5-19.9 ha, 20-49.9 ha and 50-99.9 ha. However, the distance between EU10 and EU15 related to the level of production, land, and labour productivity still shows wide gap which needs to further narrow in the coming years.
Studies in Agricultural Economics, 2007
In Hungary radical reforms have meant that an increasing number of cooperatives have either fragm... more In Hungary radical reforms have meant that an increasing number of cooperatives have either fragmented or gone bankrupt because of not being competitive under current market conditions. Others, however, have been able to maintain or even improve on their previous success. Individual farmers have also established new cooperatives and are trying to further cooperation. This paper discusses the importance of cooperatives' management during the transition period, a topic which the pertinent literature does not fully address. Production coops were not only economic units but also social networks. Two successful cooperatives from the same town, one old and one new, have been used and comparisons drawn regarding their management and progress, both of which were backed by social capital. The fi ndings show that, in the traditional agricultural coop , a more social-(member) oriented leadership has helped to overcome economic, social, and psychological barriers erected during transition. With the new coop , the post-reform period has prompted enhanced cooperation mainly dependent on a increased level of social capital.
The model presented in this paper describes the structure of the Hungarian forest sector. The pla... more The model presented in this paper describes the structure of the Hungarian forest sector. The planning of the sector at a national and company level as well as the mechanism of regulation concerning production, investments, and consumption are also investigated and the exports and imports linked. One of the most important objectives is to create this model in order to study the behavior of the system so as to aid the decision making both in strategic and tactical areas. Apart from forestry the model also includes the wood processing activities.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum, Mar 30, 2017
W artykule przedstawiono sposób wykorzystania badań dylatometrycznych (DMT) w określaniu składu g... more W artykule przedstawiono sposób wykorzystania badań dylatometrycznych (DMT) w określaniu składu granulometrycznego gruntów. Sposób ten opracowano na podstawie interpretacji wyników badań DMT z Kampusu SGGW, warszawskiego osiedla Stegny i II linii warszawskiego metra. Wyniki badań DMT porównano z określeniem zawartości procentowej frakcji otrzymanych z badań laboratoryjnych, które interpretowano zgodnie z normami PN-86/B-02480, PN-EN ISO 14688-1 i PN-EN ISO 14688-2. Efektem porównania jest propozycja autorskiej klasyfikacji i nomogramu, które mogą być wykorzystane do rozpoznania rodzaju gruntu na podstawie badań DMT. Słowa kluczowe: klasyfikacja gruntów, badania DMT, interpretacja wyników, nomogram klasyfikacyjny WSTĘP Rozwój technicznej działalności człowieka pociąga za sobą rozwój budownictwa. Sprawia to, że budowane obecnie obiekty inżynieryjne, coraz większe i cięższe, niejednokrotnie posadowione są na gruntach słabych, w tym na gruntach organicznych. Zmusza to projektantów do stosowania coraz bardziej skomplikowanych systemów posadowień tego typu obiektów. W celu dobrania odpowiedniego systemu należy posiadać wiedzę o podłożu, na którym lub w którym obiekt będzie posadowiony. Do tego celu służą badania podłoża gruntowego, które można podzielić na terenowe i laboratoryjne. Badania laboratoryjne mają szereg zalet, takich jak: dokładność, dobrze zdefiniowany stan naprężenia czy możliwość kontrolowania warunków odpływu (Gryczmański, 1995; Pisarczyk, 2014a, 2014b). Jednakże badania terenowe pozwalają na szybsze określenie warunków geotechnicznych, w tym rodzaju i stanu gruntów w podłożu budowli. W niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę wykorzystania wyników badań dylatometrycznych (DMT) do rozpoznania rodzaju gruntów. Aby osiągnąć ten cel, przeprowadzono analizę archiwalnych badań wykonanych przez Katedrę Geoinżynierii Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie trzech następujących obiektów: Kampusu SGGW, osiedla Stegny i II linii warszawskiego metra. W dotychczasowej praktyce badania dylatometryczne (DMT) rzadko wykorzystywano do rozpoznania rodzaju gruntów występujących w podłożu. Marchetti, przedstawiając w 1980 roku innowacyjne urządzenie badawcze, zaproponował podział gruntów zależnie od wartości wskaźnika materiałowego (I
Economics of Agriculture, 2011
The paper investigates the motivations of players within agri-food chain to participate in collec... more The paper investigates the motivations of players within agri-food chain to participate in collective agricultural marketing actions using a survey. Our main findings are follows. Estimations show that being member in a lobby group positively influences the participation in collective agricultural marketing programs. Financial support, product developing, finding partner contacts with marketing chains and new partners have strong positive effect in the satisfaction in collective agricultural actions. Finally, membership of a lobby group and the size of firms or associations have positive impact on the willingness to pay for collective marketing actions.
Small-scale producers in modern agrifood markets Policy Brief 1 december 2007 key messages G The ... more Small-scale producers in modern agrifood markets Policy Brief 1 december 2007 key messages G The Regoverning Markets programme comprises a global consortium of researchers and development practitioners from 16 organizations G Evidence from empirical research, case studies and multi-stakeholder dialogues are drawn together to guide a call for action G Agrifood market restructuring is occurring rapidly in most countries. Substantial restructuring at the retail and food industry level is not always matched by farm-level restructuring G The chain "intermediaries" need to be better understood, as bridges between small farmers and modern markets G There are territorial as well as farm-specific dimensions to market inclusion and exclusion G Food safety and traceability create specific challenges for inclusive modern market development G Private sector attention to pro-poor and inclusive business models is emerging Inclusive agrifood markets Emerging findings from a programme of research and policy development Bill Vorley and Felicity Proctor Agrifood markets and supply chain structures are changing in dynamic and unprecedented ways. Market liberalization, changes in consumer preferences and purchasing power and the modernization of food processing and retailing-including the rise of supermarkets-are primary drivers of change. It can take developing and transition economies as little as ten years to reach the levels of agrifood market restructuring that took five or more decades in Western Europe or North America. Small-scale agriculture and traditional market chains, which support the livelihoods of the majority of the poor in the world, are ill-prepared for these changes, which can bring opportunities but can also bypass domestic businesses and impose high barriers to entry for small-scale producers. Regoverning Markets Consortium Members INTERNATIONAL COORDINATOR International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), UK (Bill Vorley
Regoverning Markets is a multi-partner collaborative research programme analysing the growing con... more Regoverning Markets is a multi-partner collaborative research programme analysing the growing concentration in the processing and retail sectors of national and regional agrifood systems and its impacts on rural livelihoods and communities in middle-and low-income countries. The aim of the programme is to provide strategic advice and guidance to the public sector, agrifood chain actors, civil society organizations and development agencies on approaches that can anticipate and manage the impacts of the dynamic changes in local and regional markets. Innovative Practice series Innovative Practice is a series of country case studies from the Regoverning Markets programme providing examples of specific innovation in connecting small-scale producers with dynamic markets at local or regional level. Based on significant fieldwork activities, the studies focus on four drivers of innovation: public policy principles, private business models, collective action strategies by smallscale farmers, and intervention strategies and methods of development agencies. The studies highlight policy lessons and working methods to guide public and private actors.
Routledge eBooks, Apr 8, 2016