Malte Faber | Universität Heidelberg (original) (raw)
Papers by Malte Faber
Reducing CO2 Emissions, 1993
ABSTRACT The principal analytical technique we use in the rest of this study is input-output anal... more ABSTRACT The principal analytical technique we use in the rest of this study is input-output analysis. Many readers will already be familiar with this technique, and for these this chapter need serve only as a concise reference. However, other readers may not know of this technique (or have forgotten what they once knew!). For these readers this chapter is designed as an introduction/refresher in input-output methods.
Reducing CO2 Emissions, 1993
ABSTRACT In Chapter 1 we outlined the problem of climate change resulting from the anthropogenic ... more ABSTRACT In Chapter 1 we outlined the problem of climate change resulting from the anthropogenic greenhouse effect. In this chapter we begin our economic analysis of the causes of the emission of the principal greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO2).
Reducing CO2 Emissions, 1993
ABSTRACT Having outlined input-output methods in Chapter 7, in this chapter we apply this techniq... more ABSTRACT Having outlined input-output methods in Chapter 7, in this chapter we apply this technique to the structural analysis of CO2 emissions by economies1. In Section 8.2 we lay out the basic assumptions necessary to achieve this structural description, and derive the fundamental matrix equation attributing total CO2 emissions to final demand. Section 8.3 applies the technique of ‘decomposition by differencing’, derived in Chapter 4, to the matrix equation describing total CO2 emissions. Section 8.4 further extends the analysis, to take account of the roles of imports and exports in defining the CO2 emissions for which a country can be said to be ‘responsible’. Section 8.5 examines the sensitivity of total CO2 emissions to changes in the model parameters. In Section 8.6 the material covered is briefly reviewed.
Reducing CO2 Emissions, 1993
ABSTRACT In this chapter we seek to understand more fully the data presented in Chapter 3. We do ... more ABSTRACT In this chapter we seek to understand more fully the data presented in Chapter 3. We do this by first deriving a technique of decomposing the proportional rate of change of CO2 emission into three main factors. We then apply this technique to our data for the World, the USA and the EC.
Environmental Management of Solid Waste, 1988
ABSTRACT In contrast to the other contributions to this volume, our chapter concentrates on an ec... more ABSTRACT In contrast to the other contributions to this volume, our chapter concentrates on an economic approach to the problems of mine wastes and dredged materials. We stress the existence of trade-offs between economics and environmental protection, which may be interpreted in terms of the unifying notion of entropy. The aim of this chapter is to show: That there is a strong presumption that the market allocation of depletable resources is intertemporally suboptimal resulting in prices which are too low to allow for sufficient protection of the environment and of the needs of future generations; How the concept of entropy may serve to make way towards a reconciliation of economics (or, more exactly, between the consumption of goods) and environmental protection in the case of mine tailings and dredged material.
ABSTRACT In contrast to the other contributions to this volume, our chapter concentrates on an ec... more ABSTRACT In contrast to the other contributions to this volume, our chapter concentrates on an economic approach to the problems of mine wastes and dredged materials. We stress the existence of trade-offs between economics and environmental protection, which may be interpreted in terms of the unifying notion of entropy. The aim of this chapter is to show: That there is a strong presumption that the market allocation of depletable resources is intertemporally suboptimal resulting in prices which are too low to allow for sufficient protection of the environment and of the needs of future generations; How the concept of entropy may serve to make way towards a reconciliation of economics (or, more exactly, between the consumption of goods) and environmental protection in the case of mine tailings and dredged material.
Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 1991
This paper uses a neo-Austrian approach to examine the effect of a finite time-horizon of a decis... more This paper uses a neo-Austrian approach to examine the effect of a finite time-horizon of a decision maker on the decision of whether or not to innovate a newly invented technique of production. An activity analysis approach is taken to production, with capital goods being themselves produced. The concept of the 'superiority' of one technique to another is introduced. A welfare function is then introduced, to examine the circumstances under which a new technique will generate greater welfare than the old technique, under a finite time-horizon. It is shown that the superiority of the new technique is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the innovation of the new technique. A sufficient condition for innovation is derived in terms of the technical coefficients of production, the rate of deterioration of the capital good, the rate of time preference and the time-horizon of the decision maker.
Umdenken in der Abfallwirtschaft, 1989
Umdenken in der Abfallwirtschaft, 1989
Entropy, Environment and Resources, 1995
Ecological Economics, 2002
We develop a conceptual analysis of long-run decisions about the economy and the environment. In ... more We develop a conceptual analysis of long-run decisions about the economy and the environment. In particular, we focus on the innovation of a new technique of production. We base our study on three components. First, capital theory as means of describing production. Second, joint production as implied by the laws of thermodynamics. Third, the time structure of the produced waste by-product, characterised by the magnitude of its degradation rate. The crucial variable in our analysis is the decision maker's time horizon. We show that, unlike in the no pollution case or in the flow pollution case, extending the time horizon when there is a polluting capital bad may make it less likely that a new technique of production is introduced. We conclude that fully taking into account dynamic aspects of environmental pollution considerably increases the complexity of economic valuation and the need for environmental precaution when making an investment decision. : S 0 9 2 1 -8 0 0 9 ( 0 1 ) 0 0 2 5 7 -9
Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird ein Begriffskonzept entwickelt, das zum besseren Verständnis des Zus... more Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird ein Begriffskonzept entwickelt, das zum besseren Verständnis des Zusammenspiels der Dynamiken von Ökosystemen und Wirtschaft dient: das Konzept des Bestandes. Der Bestandsbegriff wird allgemein mengentheoretisch formuliert. Die zentrale Eigenschaft eines Bestandes liegt in seiner zeitlichen Dauerhaftigkeit. Damit eignen sich Bestände zur Abbildung von Einflüssen, die die Vergangenheit von Systemen auf deren Gegenwart ausübt, und damit zur Analyse von zeitlichen Entwicklungen. Da Beständigkeit eine Eigenschaft in der Zeit darstellt, ist das Konzept des Bestandes nicht spezifisch auf den Gegenstandsbereich einzelner wissenschaftlicher Disziplinen beschränkt und so für die interdisziplinäre Analyse geeignet. Der Begriff wird auf ökonomische und ökologische Beispiele angewandt und dabei auf stochastische Mengen verallgemeinert. Durch die Abgrenzung der Bestandsperspektive von einer Systemsicht kann die hierarchische Struktur realer ökologisch-ökonomischer Systeme analysiert werden. Die Theorie der Bestände stellt einen Baustein für die konzeptionellen Grundlagen der Ökologischen Ökonomie dar.
power stations, factories and warehouses, or for living-, commercial-, recreational-and wastedisp... more power stations, factories and warehouses, or for living-, commercial-, recreational-and wastedisposal areas. We find the natural environment's capacity for self-cleansing being increasingly taxed by waste, sewage, exhaust and waste heat deriving from production and consumption and no possibility for safe disposal of atomic waste. We find the Earth's atmosphere warming dangerously, and varieties of animal and plant life dying out on a global scale due to mining for raw material, the processes of production and consumption and the related creation of pollutants. Now as then one can reasonably assert that the aforementioned facts and tendencies can be traced back to human economic behaviour.
In diesem Aufsatz untersuchen wir die Beziehung von Verantwortung und Kuppelproduktion. Unsere Ve... more In diesem Aufsatz untersuchen wir die Beziehung von Verantwortung und Kuppelproduktion. Unsere Verantwortung reflektiert unsere Fähigkeit, frei zu handeln. Wir können nur frei handeln, insofern wir für unsere Handlungen und ihre Folgen Verantwortung übernehmen; die Grenzen unserer Verantwortung sind demnach die Grenzen unserer Freiheit (Teil I). es ergibt sich indes ein Problem der Verantwortung, weil wir nicht alle Handlungsfolgen vorhersehen können, hinsichtlich ihrer also teilweise unwissend sind. Weil dieses Unwissen zum Teil irreduzibel ist. Deshalb können wir die Folgen unseres Handelns nie ganz kontrollieren. Und das gilt nicht nur für die zwischenmenschliche Welt; das gleiche Problem entsteht in unserem Verhältnis zu Natur und Umwelt durch das Phänomen der Kuppelproduktion (Teil II). Was dies für verschiedene Formen von Verantwortung bedeutet, ist Gegenstand von Teil III. Teil IV zieht einige Schlussfolgerungen und gibt einen Ausblick.
In this paper, we discuss the relationship between responsibility and joint production. Responsib... more In this paper, we discuss the relationship between responsibility and joint production. Responsibility mirrors our ability to act freely. We can act freely only if we can assume responsibility for our actions and their consequences; the limits of our responsibility are therefore also the limits of our liberty (part I). Thus, a problem of responsibility arises from our partial ignorance
Die Diskussion um Karl Marx ist lange Zeit nur ideologisch positionell geführt worden. Wer sich n... more Die Diskussion um Karl Marx ist lange Zeit nur ideologisch positionell geführt worden. Wer sich nicht als Gegner oder Befürworter der Marxschen Lehre erklärte, hatte es schwer, in dieser Diskussion Gehör zu finden. Im letzten Viertel des vorigen Jahrhunderts hat jedoch sowohl in philosophischer als auch wirtschaftswissenschaftlicher Hinsicht eine neue Art der Auseinandersetzung mit den Werken von Karl Marx begonnen.
In den letzten drei Jahrhunderten ist die Wirtschaft in vielen Ländern - langfristig gesehen - da... more In den letzten drei Jahrhunderten ist die Wirtschaft in vielen Ländern - langfristig gesehen - dauernd gewachsen. Materieller Mangel ist in den entwickelten Ländern weitgehend verschwunden. Für die Erkenntnis der Leistungsfähigkeit der Marktwirtschaft wie der Defizite der sozialistischen Planwirtschaft haben die modernen Wirtschaftwissenschaften Entscheidendes geleistet. Die ungeahnte wirtschaftliche Leistungsfähigkeit des marktwirtschaftlichen Systems hat aber auch immer wieder ungeahnte neue Probleme
Reducing CO2 Emissions, 1993
ABSTRACT The principal analytical technique we use in the rest of this study is input-output anal... more ABSTRACT The principal analytical technique we use in the rest of this study is input-output analysis. Many readers will already be familiar with this technique, and for these this chapter need serve only as a concise reference. However, other readers may not know of this technique (or have forgotten what they once knew!). For these readers this chapter is designed as an introduction/refresher in input-output methods.
Reducing CO2 Emissions, 1993
ABSTRACT In Chapter 1 we outlined the problem of climate change resulting from the anthropogenic ... more ABSTRACT In Chapter 1 we outlined the problem of climate change resulting from the anthropogenic greenhouse effect. In this chapter we begin our economic analysis of the causes of the emission of the principal greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO2).
Reducing CO2 Emissions, 1993
ABSTRACT Having outlined input-output methods in Chapter 7, in this chapter we apply this techniq... more ABSTRACT Having outlined input-output methods in Chapter 7, in this chapter we apply this technique to the structural analysis of CO2 emissions by economies1. In Section 8.2 we lay out the basic assumptions necessary to achieve this structural description, and derive the fundamental matrix equation attributing total CO2 emissions to final demand. Section 8.3 applies the technique of ‘decomposition by differencing’, derived in Chapter 4, to the matrix equation describing total CO2 emissions. Section 8.4 further extends the analysis, to take account of the roles of imports and exports in defining the CO2 emissions for which a country can be said to be ‘responsible’. Section 8.5 examines the sensitivity of total CO2 emissions to changes in the model parameters. In Section 8.6 the material covered is briefly reviewed.
Reducing CO2 Emissions, 1993
ABSTRACT In this chapter we seek to understand more fully the data presented in Chapter 3. We do ... more ABSTRACT In this chapter we seek to understand more fully the data presented in Chapter 3. We do this by first deriving a technique of decomposing the proportional rate of change of CO2 emission into three main factors. We then apply this technique to our data for the World, the USA and the EC.
Environmental Management of Solid Waste, 1988
ABSTRACT In contrast to the other contributions to this volume, our chapter concentrates on an ec... more ABSTRACT In contrast to the other contributions to this volume, our chapter concentrates on an economic approach to the problems of mine wastes and dredged materials. We stress the existence of trade-offs between economics and environmental protection, which may be interpreted in terms of the unifying notion of entropy. The aim of this chapter is to show: That there is a strong presumption that the market allocation of depletable resources is intertemporally suboptimal resulting in prices which are too low to allow for sufficient protection of the environment and of the needs of future generations; How the concept of entropy may serve to make way towards a reconciliation of economics (or, more exactly, between the consumption of goods) and environmental protection in the case of mine tailings and dredged material.
ABSTRACT In contrast to the other contributions to this volume, our chapter concentrates on an ec... more ABSTRACT In contrast to the other contributions to this volume, our chapter concentrates on an economic approach to the problems of mine wastes and dredged materials. We stress the existence of trade-offs between economics and environmental protection, which may be interpreted in terms of the unifying notion of entropy. The aim of this chapter is to show: That there is a strong presumption that the market allocation of depletable resources is intertemporally suboptimal resulting in prices which are too low to allow for sufficient protection of the environment and of the needs of future generations; How the concept of entropy may serve to make way towards a reconciliation of economics (or, more exactly, between the consumption of goods) and environmental protection in the case of mine tailings and dredged material.
Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 1991
This paper uses a neo-Austrian approach to examine the effect of a finite time-horizon of a decis... more This paper uses a neo-Austrian approach to examine the effect of a finite time-horizon of a decision maker on the decision of whether or not to innovate a newly invented technique of production. An activity analysis approach is taken to production, with capital goods being themselves produced. The concept of the 'superiority' of one technique to another is introduced. A welfare function is then introduced, to examine the circumstances under which a new technique will generate greater welfare than the old technique, under a finite time-horizon. It is shown that the superiority of the new technique is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the innovation of the new technique. A sufficient condition for innovation is derived in terms of the technical coefficients of production, the rate of deterioration of the capital good, the rate of time preference and the time-horizon of the decision maker.
Umdenken in der Abfallwirtschaft, 1989
Umdenken in der Abfallwirtschaft, 1989
Entropy, Environment and Resources, 1995
Ecological Economics, 2002
We develop a conceptual analysis of long-run decisions about the economy and the environment. In ... more We develop a conceptual analysis of long-run decisions about the economy and the environment. In particular, we focus on the innovation of a new technique of production. We base our study on three components. First, capital theory as means of describing production. Second, joint production as implied by the laws of thermodynamics. Third, the time structure of the produced waste by-product, characterised by the magnitude of its degradation rate. The crucial variable in our analysis is the decision maker's time horizon. We show that, unlike in the no pollution case or in the flow pollution case, extending the time horizon when there is a polluting capital bad may make it less likely that a new technique of production is introduced. We conclude that fully taking into account dynamic aspects of environmental pollution considerably increases the complexity of economic valuation and the need for environmental precaution when making an investment decision. : S 0 9 2 1 -8 0 0 9 ( 0 1 ) 0 0 2 5 7 -9
Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird ein Begriffskonzept entwickelt, das zum besseren Verständnis des Zus... more Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird ein Begriffskonzept entwickelt, das zum besseren Verständnis des Zusammenspiels der Dynamiken von Ökosystemen und Wirtschaft dient: das Konzept des Bestandes. Der Bestandsbegriff wird allgemein mengentheoretisch formuliert. Die zentrale Eigenschaft eines Bestandes liegt in seiner zeitlichen Dauerhaftigkeit. Damit eignen sich Bestände zur Abbildung von Einflüssen, die die Vergangenheit von Systemen auf deren Gegenwart ausübt, und damit zur Analyse von zeitlichen Entwicklungen. Da Beständigkeit eine Eigenschaft in der Zeit darstellt, ist das Konzept des Bestandes nicht spezifisch auf den Gegenstandsbereich einzelner wissenschaftlicher Disziplinen beschränkt und so für die interdisziplinäre Analyse geeignet. Der Begriff wird auf ökonomische und ökologische Beispiele angewandt und dabei auf stochastische Mengen verallgemeinert. Durch die Abgrenzung der Bestandsperspektive von einer Systemsicht kann die hierarchische Struktur realer ökologisch-ökonomischer Systeme analysiert werden. Die Theorie der Bestände stellt einen Baustein für die konzeptionellen Grundlagen der Ökologischen Ökonomie dar.
power stations, factories and warehouses, or for living-, commercial-, recreational-and wastedisp... more power stations, factories and warehouses, or for living-, commercial-, recreational-and wastedisposal areas. We find the natural environment's capacity for self-cleansing being increasingly taxed by waste, sewage, exhaust and waste heat deriving from production and consumption and no possibility for safe disposal of atomic waste. We find the Earth's atmosphere warming dangerously, and varieties of animal and plant life dying out on a global scale due to mining for raw material, the processes of production and consumption and the related creation of pollutants. Now as then one can reasonably assert that the aforementioned facts and tendencies can be traced back to human economic behaviour.
In diesem Aufsatz untersuchen wir die Beziehung von Verantwortung und Kuppelproduktion. Unsere Ve... more In diesem Aufsatz untersuchen wir die Beziehung von Verantwortung und Kuppelproduktion. Unsere Verantwortung reflektiert unsere Fähigkeit, frei zu handeln. Wir können nur frei handeln, insofern wir für unsere Handlungen und ihre Folgen Verantwortung übernehmen; die Grenzen unserer Verantwortung sind demnach die Grenzen unserer Freiheit (Teil I). es ergibt sich indes ein Problem der Verantwortung, weil wir nicht alle Handlungsfolgen vorhersehen können, hinsichtlich ihrer also teilweise unwissend sind. Weil dieses Unwissen zum Teil irreduzibel ist. Deshalb können wir die Folgen unseres Handelns nie ganz kontrollieren. Und das gilt nicht nur für die zwischenmenschliche Welt; das gleiche Problem entsteht in unserem Verhältnis zu Natur und Umwelt durch das Phänomen der Kuppelproduktion (Teil II). Was dies für verschiedene Formen von Verantwortung bedeutet, ist Gegenstand von Teil III. Teil IV zieht einige Schlussfolgerungen und gibt einen Ausblick.
In this paper, we discuss the relationship between responsibility and joint production. Responsib... more In this paper, we discuss the relationship between responsibility and joint production. Responsibility mirrors our ability to act freely. We can act freely only if we can assume responsibility for our actions and their consequences; the limits of our responsibility are therefore also the limits of our liberty (part I). Thus, a problem of responsibility arises from our partial ignorance
Die Diskussion um Karl Marx ist lange Zeit nur ideologisch positionell geführt worden. Wer sich n... more Die Diskussion um Karl Marx ist lange Zeit nur ideologisch positionell geführt worden. Wer sich nicht als Gegner oder Befürworter der Marxschen Lehre erklärte, hatte es schwer, in dieser Diskussion Gehör zu finden. Im letzten Viertel des vorigen Jahrhunderts hat jedoch sowohl in philosophischer als auch wirtschaftswissenschaftlicher Hinsicht eine neue Art der Auseinandersetzung mit den Werken von Karl Marx begonnen.
In den letzten drei Jahrhunderten ist die Wirtschaft in vielen Ländern - langfristig gesehen - da... more In den letzten drei Jahrhunderten ist die Wirtschaft in vielen Ländern - langfristig gesehen - dauernd gewachsen. Materieller Mangel ist in den entwickelten Ländern weitgehend verschwunden. Für die Erkenntnis der Leistungsfähigkeit der Marktwirtschaft wie der Defizite der sozialistischen Planwirtschaft haben die modernen Wirtschaftwissenschaften Entscheidendes geleistet. Die ungeahnte wirtschaftliche Leistungsfähigkeit des marktwirtschaftlichen Systems hat aber auch immer wieder ungeahnte neue Probleme