Pio Lombardi | Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg (original) (raw)
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Papers by Pio Lombardi
Some Renewable Energy Sources (RES), such as wind and solar, produce power intermittently accordi... more Some Renewable Energy Sources (RES), such as wind and solar, produce power intermittently according to the weather conditions rather than to the power demanded. Energy Storage Systems (ESS) may be used to mitigate the intermittent generation from RES and to increase the quality of power supply.
Virtual power plants (VPP) are clusters of decentralized power plants, energy storage systems (ES... more Virtual power plants (VPP) are clusters of decentralized power plants, energy storage systems (ESS) and active loads that are mainly connected to the low and medium voltage level. VPP are optimally coordinated by an intelligent energy management system (EMS). The dispersion of such clusters increases the penetration of RES in the electric grid.
Due to the high volatility of the oil price, cars producers have been motivated to find new solut... more Due to the high volatility of the oil price, cars producers have been motivated to find new solutions for reducing or eliminating the use of fossil fuel. In the last few years, hybrid vehicles (combustion engine combined with an electric motor) and full electric vehicles (EVs) have been designed and commercialized with relatively good success. Both technologies use batteries to drive an electric motor. Nowadays there are two main options for charging the batteries: Through the direct connection of the vehicles to the grid, so called V2G Through a battery switch station (BSS), where the empty batteries are replaced with charged batteries. Both the V2Gs and the battery switch stations can operate either as an energy source, when the batteries are fully charged or as an electrical load, when the batteries need to be charged.
This work aims to design the optimal energy storage capacity for Virtual Power Plant (VPP) archit... more This work aims to design the optimal energy storage capacity for Virtual Power Plant (VPP) architecture with a high degree of penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). In order to achieve this target a multi-criteria analysis was performed. Economical issues as well as the reliability of the VPP are the main criteria taken into consideration. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluating the robustness of the obtained results.
Φ Abstract --Renewable energy sources will play an increasingly central role in the power network... more Φ Abstract --Renewable energy sources will play an increasingly central role in the power network of the future. The will to reduce the dependence on fossil sources as well as growing environmental awareness, both individually and governmentally, is forcing governments throughout the world to invest an enormous amount of capital in renewable energy sources. The European Union, through its Energy and Climate Policy, has fixed an ambitious target: to provide, 20% of electricity from renewable sources by 2020. The additional volatility introduced by renewable energy source to the grid can be compensated by energy storage systems as well as by demand control measurements and by the reinforcement of the power grid. These solutions can improve the system reliability of the electric grid and the efficiency of the energy supply and give more flexibility to the system. This study analyzes the possibilities to use electric vehicles connected to the grid as energy storage system within a Virtual Power Plant structure. Through the formulation of an optimization problem the optimal number of electric vehicles has been evaluated.
In modern Power Electric Systems (PES) consisting of diverse sources of energy supply, uncertaint... more In modern Power Electric Systems (PES) consisting of diverse sources of energy supply, uncertainty regarding the availability of some renewable sources-based generation plants is one of the major issues affecting the task of sizing the capacity of conventional generation plants. Energy storage devices are able to mitigate the intermittence of the availability of renewable resources and, consequently, successfully reduce the aforementioned uncertainty. Along these lines, electric drive vehicles equipped with sophisticated storage, control and communication systems are being developed and improved in order to allow their connection to the distribution networks at the final consumers' level. This paper discusses the possibilities of taking advantage of plug-in electric vehicles while they are parked provided that their energy storage system installed on board is able to consume from or rapidly supply energy into the electric grid.
Some Renewable Energy Sources (RES), such as wind and solar, produce power intermittently accordi... more Some Renewable Energy Sources (RES), such as wind and solar, produce power intermittently according to the weather conditions rather than to the power demanded. Energy Storage Systems (ESS) may be used to mitigate the intermittent generation from RES and to increase the quality of power supply.
Virtual power plants (VPP) are clusters of decentralized power plants, energy storage systems (ES... more Virtual power plants (VPP) are clusters of decentralized power plants, energy storage systems (ESS) and active loads that are mainly connected to the low and medium voltage level. VPP are optimally coordinated by an intelligent energy management system (EMS). The dispersion of such clusters increases the penetration of RES in the electric grid.
Due to the high volatility of the oil price, cars producers have been motivated to find new solut... more Due to the high volatility of the oil price, cars producers have been motivated to find new solutions for reducing or eliminating the use of fossil fuel. In the last few years, hybrid vehicles (combustion engine combined with an electric motor) and full electric vehicles (EVs) have been designed and commercialized with relatively good success. Both technologies use batteries to drive an electric motor. Nowadays there are two main options for charging the batteries: Through the direct connection of the vehicles to the grid, so called V2G Through a battery switch station (BSS), where the empty batteries are replaced with charged batteries. Both the V2Gs and the battery switch stations can operate either as an energy source, when the batteries are fully charged or as an electrical load, when the batteries need to be charged.
This work aims to design the optimal energy storage capacity for Virtual Power Plant (VPP) archit... more This work aims to design the optimal energy storage capacity for Virtual Power Plant (VPP) architecture with a high degree of penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). In order to achieve this target a multi-criteria analysis was performed. Economical issues as well as the reliability of the VPP are the main criteria taken into consideration. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluating the robustness of the obtained results.
Φ Abstract --Renewable energy sources will play an increasingly central role in the power network... more Φ Abstract --Renewable energy sources will play an increasingly central role in the power network of the future. The will to reduce the dependence on fossil sources as well as growing environmental awareness, both individually and governmentally, is forcing governments throughout the world to invest an enormous amount of capital in renewable energy sources. The European Union, through its Energy and Climate Policy, has fixed an ambitious target: to provide, 20% of electricity from renewable sources by 2020. The additional volatility introduced by renewable energy source to the grid can be compensated by energy storage systems as well as by demand control measurements and by the reinforcement of the power grid. These solutions can improve the system reliability of the electric grid and the efficiency of the energy supply and give more flexibility to the system. This study analyzes the possibilities to use electric vehicles connected to the grid as energy storage system within a Virtual Power Plant structure. Through the formulation of an optimization problem the optimal number of electric vehicles has been evaluated.
In modern Power Electric Systems (PES) consisting of diverse sources of energy supply, uncertaint... more In modern Power Electric Systems (PES) consisting of diverse sources of energy supply, uncertainty regarding the availability of some renewable sources-based generation plants is one of the major issues affecting the task of sizing the capacity of conventional generation plants. Energy storage devices are able to mitigate the intermittence of the availability of renewable resources and, consequently, successfully reduce the aforementioned uncertainty. Along these lines, electric drive vehicles equipped with sophisticated storage, control and communication systems are being developed and improved in order to allow their connection to the distribution networks at the final consumers' level. This paper discusses the possibilities of taking advantage of plug-in electric vehicles while they are parked provided that their energy storage system installed on board is able to consume from or rapidly supply energy into the electric grid.