Abdul Salaam | University of Jos (original) (raw)

Papers by Abdul Salaam

European journal of medical and health sciences, Nov 21, 2023

Background: Mammography is one of the imaging modalities that has been in existence for a long pe... more Background: Mammography is one of the imaging modalities that has been in existence for a long period of time in investigating the breast for pathologies. Its use in imaging the breast can be for the purpose of screening and diagnosis. Breast screening allows for early detection of breast cancer. Early detection of breast can save lives. Despite its important imaging modality for breast, mammography is not readily available in this part of the world. Our institution just acquired one recently. Objectives: Therefore, the aim of our study is to document the pattern of mammographic findings and to determine the prevalence of breast pathologies (benign and malignant) among symptomatic patients referred for mammography. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study comprises 121 symptomatic women who presented for mammographic examination at the

Journal of Medicine in the Tropics, 2017

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal malignant tumour. Owing to its retroperitonea... more Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal malignant tumour. Owing to its retroperitoneal location, RCC remains asymptomatic and non-palpable until advanced disease develops. Most cases are identified during radiological examination for other reasons. The management of RCC depends substantially on the effective use of imaging. This is true in all the stages of the RCC, from initial diagnosis to follow-up. This article sets to review the current knowledge about multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scan and how it characterises the RCC. A search of PubMed database was made to locate the original and review articles in English that address the MDCT scan or RCC, without limit to publication date. Relevant articles and textbook chapters were reviewed, analysed and summarised. MDCT reveals the renal tumour, its extent, venous involvement, status of loco-regional lymph nodes as well as adrenal and liver extension. It is available and relatively affordable presently in some cen...

To determine the normal range of lacrimal gland dimensions in healthy orbits of Nigerian subjects... more To determine the normal range of lacrimal gland dimensions in healthy orbits of Nigerian subjects from brain CT. METHODS: A retrospective study of patients who had visited the Jos University Teaching Hospital and had undergone brain computed tomographic scan. One hundred twenty seven Nigerians (82 men and 45 women) who were 18 years and above without orbital disease were included. Patients with trauma to the orbits or any known lacrimal gland disease were excluded. The length and width of the lacrimal gland were measured in axial and coronal sections using the largest image. The primary outcome was a descriptive analysis of the distribution of dimensions in normal orbits. The results were analyzed and identified associations with age, sex, and laterality and compared the results with previous studies carried out elsewhere. RESULTS: The mean lacrimal gland axial length in the right orbits was 14.6 mm (10.9 mm and 18.3 mm) and 14.5 mm in the left orbits (10.3 mm and 18.3 mm). Coronal length averaged 20.7 mm in right eyes (13.9 mm and 21.8 mm) and 20.8 mm in left eyes (12.8 mm and 20.8 mm). The axial width was 4.1mm in the right orbit and 4.1mm in the left orbit. The coronal width was 2.9mm in the right orbit and 3.0mm in the left orbit. A statistically significant inverse linear relationships was observed in both orbits between gland size and age in all dimensions, with the exception of coronal width. No statistically significant difference in all dimensions was found in both orbits between genders. CONCLUSION: Lacrimal gland size decreases with age, and no gender difference exists. This range can aid in differentiating diseased and non-diseased lacrimal glands, especially when correlated with physical examination. This may be useful in clinical trials that involve lacrimal gland size.

West African journal of medicine, Oct 1, 2020

BACKGROUND Recent advances in ischaemic stroke care involve the use of antithrombotic and thrombo... more BACKGROUND Recent advances in ischaemic stroke care involve the use of antithrombotic and thrombolytic treatment options aimed at rescuing the salvageable brain tissue. Ischaemic stroke care in Nigeria is still a far cry from what's obtainable in advanced parts of the world where antithrombotic treatment options are being actively explored. A correlation of the volume of stroke lesion with patient outcome is a background for demonstrating the need for more tailored care to be studied in this part of the world. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with acute ischemic stroke who had brain computed tomography scans within 7 days of symptom onset were recruited consecutively and followed up for one month to assess the modified Rankin Scale(mRS) outcome. Infarct volume measurement was correlated with the patient outcome using the student T-test, logistic and linear regressions. The collected data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. The statistical level of significance was set at P£0.05. RESULTS One hundred and nine (109) patients were recruited with a mean lesion volume of 32.9cm3. Volumes of 26.0cm3 and 79.9cm3 were seen in patients alive versus dead at onemonth post insult with a P-value of 0.000, 13.6cm3 and 38.7cm3 seen in patients with favorable and unfavorable outcomes respectively on the modified Ranking Scale (P<0.009). Linear and logistic regression of lesion volume on outcome were both significant (P<0.000). CONCLUSION Cranial CT measurement of Acute ischaemic stroke lesion volume correlates with the mRS assessment of patient outcome at one-month post insult.

International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 2020

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: This study was done to establish a standard ultrasonographic measurement of t... more AIM AND OBJECTIVES: This study was done to establish a standard ultrasonographic measurement of the thyroid gland volume in normal adults in Jos University Teaching Hospital. Background: The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands in the body weighing about 10-25g. It regulates the rate of metabolism, the growth and rate of function of many other systems in the body. These it does, by producing thyroid hormones, principally thyroxine (T 4) and triiodothyronine (T 3). The accurate estimation of the size of the thyroid is very important for the evaluation and management of thyroid disorders. Thus, knowing the normal size in a geographic location would form a baseline for detecting abnormalities. Ultrasonography is a cheap, readily available, easy to perform and non-invasive method to image the thyroid gland, hence its use in this resource limited setting. METHODOLOGY: This is a cross sectional study of sonographic measurement of thyroid gland volume on 400 normal (healthy) adults in Jos, Plateau State, Northern part of Nigeria. All examinations were performed using LOGIC 5, a real-time ultrasound machine using a 10MHZ linear transducer and ultrasound transmission gel to act as a coupling gel. Measurements of each lobes and isthmus were obtained in longitudinal (length), transverse (width) and depth (breath) in centimeters (cm). Blood samples were taken for thyroid function tests. The weight and heights were obtained. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 17. The results were presented in forms of tables, graphs and chart. RESULTS: The mean thyroid volume for males 6.03cm 3 ± 2.22 was higher than that of females 5.62cm 3 ± 2.14. The mean right lobe volume (RLV) was 3.09cm 3 ± 1.47 and that of males and females were 3.16cm 3 ± 1.34 and 3.04cm 3 ± 1.55 respectively. The mean left lobe volume (LLV) was 2.69cm 3 ± 1.37 and that of males and females were 2.89cm 3 ± 1.32 and 2.57cm 3 ± 1.39 respectively. The right lobe volume was significantly greater than the left lobe (p=0.000).The total mean isthmus volume was 0.27cm 3 ± 0.31. The mean isthmus volume in males 0.3±0.28 is significantly higher than that of females 0.24±0.23 (p=0.025) CONCLUSION: The volume obtained in this study was slightly lower than those reported by previous studies in Nigerian adults. The right lobe volume was higher than that of the left and the volume was higher in males compared to females.

Journal of advances in medicine and medical research, Nov 26, 2019

Objective: To sonographically determine the thyroid gland volume in normal adults in Jos Universi... more Objective: To sonographically determine the thyroid gland volume in normal adults in Jos University Teaching Hospital, as well as how it relates to anthropometric factors. Background: The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands in the body weighing about 10-25g. It regulates the rate of metabolism and controls the growth and rate of function of many other systems in the body. These it does, by producing thyroid hormones, principally thyroxine (T 4) and triiodothyronine (T 3). The accurate estimation of the size of the thyroid is very important for the evaluation and management of thyroid disorders. Thus, knowing the normal size in a geographic location would form a baseline for detecting abnormalities. Ultrasonography is a cheap, readily available, easy to perform and non-invasive method to image the thyroid gland, hence its use in this resource-limited setting. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of sonographic measurement of thyroid gland volume on 400 normal (healthy) adults in Jos, Plateau State, Northern part of Nigeria. All examinations were Original Research Article

British journal of medicine and medical research, Jan 10, 2016

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases, Nov 1, 2017

Background-AIM on ClearCanvas Enriched Stroke-phenotyping Software (ACCESS) is a novel standalone... more Background-AIM on ClearCanvas Enriched Stroke-phenotyping Software (ACCESS) is a novel standalone computer software application that allows creation of simple standardized annotations for reporting brain images of all stroke types. We developed the ACCESS application and determined its inter-rater and intra-rater reliability in the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN) study to assess its suitability for multicenter studies.

Neurology, Feb 19, 2020

Objective To characterize risk factors for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) occurrence... more Objective To characterize risk factors for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) occurrence and severity among West Africans. Methods The Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN) study is a multicenter casecontrol study involving 15 sites in Ghana and Nigeria. Patients were adults ≥18 years old with CTconfirmed sICH with age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched stroke-free community controls. Standard instruments were used to assess vascular, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors. Factors associated with sICH and its severity were assessed using conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and population-attributable risks (PARs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors. Results Of 2,944 adjudicated stroke cases, 854 were intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Mean age of patients with ICH was 54.7 ± 13.9 years, with a male preponderance (63.1%), and 77.3% were nonlobar. Etiologic subtypes of sICH included hypertension (80.9%), structural vascular anomalies (4.0%), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (0.7%), systemic illnesses (0.5%), medication-related (0.4%), and undetermined (13.7%).

Highland Medical Research Journal, 2020

Background: Ultrasound examination is considered to be a very useful imaging modality for the dia... more Background: Ultrasound examination is considered to be a very useful imaging modality for the diagnosis of hepatic diseases. Its major advantage is the avoidance of ionizing radiation exposure. However, it is operator dependent and less accurate when compared with Computed Tomography. The present study describes hepatic sonographic findings in patients referred to the radiology department for ultrasound examination based on clinical suspicion of liver disease. Methods: This observational descriptive study was conducted between June 2019 and April 2020 at Department of Radiology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria. Two hundred and twenty seven patients with clinical features suggestive of hepatic disease and referred to the department for ultrasound examination were enrolled. Ultrasonography was done using a LOGIQ V duplex Doppler ultrasound machine with 3.5-5 MHz curvilinear transducer Results: The age of the patients ranged from 0 to above 60 years. Out of 227 patients studied, 48% were males and 52% were females. Decompensated chronic liver disease and chronic liver disease (CLD) dominated the indications for hepatic ultrasound scan with 23.3% and 19.4% respectively. The predominant pathological ultrasonic liver finding reported was chronic liver disease, accounting for up to 48% in frequency. This was followed by Hepatitis (16.3%) and Liver cirrhosis (13%). Conclusions: The various indications and findings of liver ultrasonographic evaluation have been established by this study with chronic liver disease being the commonest indication for sonographic evaluation of the liver as well as the commonest finding. Keywords: Hepatic, Jos, North-Central, Nigeria, ultrasoun

Jos Journal of Medicine, 2019

Introduction: Ultrasonography of the eyeball has become very important as a diagnostic tool in op... more Introduction: Ultrasonography of the eyeball has become very important as a diagnostic tool in ophthalmology practice, because it is a rapid, safe and atraumatic method of examination. The Axial Length (AL) is the distance from the corneal surface to the retinal pigment epithelium/Bruch’s membrane. Method: The study was a retrospective analysis of all the normal ocular ultrasound scan at the Jos University Teaching Hospital. A 10 MHz linear transducer of the LOGIC 5, GE ultrasound machine was placed over the closed eyelid and scanning was done in the transverse and vertical or cranio-caudal planes of the eye. Basic statistics were performed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) and the analyzed data were expressed in descriptive statistics such as frequency tables, percentages, mode, median and mean. Correlative analysis, Students’ t-test, was used to test for significant differences. A statistical significance level of p-value of <0.05 was adopted. Results: The mean right axial length is 2.15±0.42 and that of the left was 2.05±0.39. The right axial length was higher than that of the left in both sexes. The right and left axial lengths were higher in females compared to males. There is significant correlation between age and the right and left axial length. Conclusion: The right axial length was higher than that of the left in both sexes. The right and left axial lengths were higher in females compared to males. The axial length was lower than the international value.

PubMed, May 29, 2021

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Stroke mortality has been show... more Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Stroke mortality has been shown to be higher in blacks in multiracial studies. It is also a very important cause of disability with its attendant deterioration in the quality of life in survivors. Objective: The study sought to determine the risk and prognostic factors associated with stroke in Jos, North Central Nigeria. Methods: A prospective cohort study of stroke patients that were followed up for 90 days to determine outcomes. The stroke patients were admitted into the neurology unit of Jos University Teaching Hospital between September 2016 and August 2018. Results: We recruited a total of 246 subjects comprising 131 (53.3%) males aged 59.5 ± 13.1 years and 115 (46.6%) females aged 56.7 ± 14.2 years. Obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and alcohol consumption were the commonest risk factors identified. The 90-day case fatality rate of stroke was 22%. Elevated glycated haemoglobin (p = 0.001), loss of consciousness at presentation (p <0.001), atrial fibrillation (p= 0.022), cardiac disease (p < 0.001) and HIV infection (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with poor outcome for stroke. Furthermore, subjects with a high NIHSS had three times the risk of death compared with those with low scores (RR = 2.93; 95% CI = 2.38 - 3.61, p <0.001). Conclusion: The prognosis of stroke was poor. The predictors of poor stroke outcome were coma, HIV infection, cardiac disease, high NIHSS and total cholesterol.

Ophthalmology research: an international journal, Jan 10, 2016

Journal of the Neurological Sciences, Dec 1, 2022

Social Science Research Network, 2022

European Modern Studies Journal, 2021

International Journal of Advances in Medicine, 2021

Background: Fat liver is one of the most common abnormalities of the liver depicted on ultrasound... more Background: Fat liver is one of the most common abnormalities of the liver depicted on ultrasound and whose impact has not been fully evaluated in Nigeria. Ultrasound scan is an imaging modality that is cheap and readily available and comes in handy in evaluating this disease. Aim of the current study was to determine the relationship of Fatty liver with age, gender, alcohol consumption and body habitus.Methods: This is a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 316 subjects diagnosed with fatty liver on ultrasound scan. A structured questionnaire was administered to each subject to ascertain their age, sex, and alcohol intake. The weight and height of all subjects were also measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated.Results: The study comprises 151 (47.8%) males and 165 (52.2%) females respectively. A good number of the participants 232 (73.4%) were between the age of 30-59 years. The majority of the participants had of 30 kg/m2 and above. Majority of the participa...

Paripex Indian Journal Of Research, 2020

AIMS: To Objectively Assess The Symptomatic Improvement In A Subgroup Of Patients With Bladder Ou... more AIMS: To Objectively Assess The Symptomatic Improvement In A Subgroup Of Patients With Bladder Outlet Obstruction Due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia; Following Transuretheral Resection of Prostate (TURP)Using Uroflowmetry(UFM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our study of 50 patients with Bladder outlet obstruction due to Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy were subjected to uroflowmetry and IPSS Questionnaire ; pre and post Transuretheral resection of Prostate. RESULTS: Mean voided volume before prostatectomy was 186.02±71.47 mL with a mean maximum flow rate of 10.44 ± 2.83 mL/s ,mean average flow rate of 4.37 ± 1.03 mL/s and mean voiding time was 63.42±24.25 sec and preoperative IPSS score of 21.4± 5.6. After transuretheral prostatectomy mean voided volume was 194.56 ±75.69 mL, mean maximum flow rate was 21.39 ± 3.39 mL/s , mean average flow rate was 13.65 ± 2.22 mL/s and mean voiding time was 20.68 ±8.5 sec and postoperative IPSS score of 6.8 ±4.2. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that post TURP, the objectively assessed uroflowmetry parameters are correlating with subjectively assessed IPSS score. Hence , uroflowmetry is an easy and office based useful assessment tool for objectively assessing the symptopmatic improvement in BOO post TURP. INDEX TERMS-Uroflowmetry, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Transuretheral resection of Prostate.