D.M. Mahajan | University of Pune (original) (raw)

Papers by D.M. Mahajan

Advances in Zoology and Botany 8(5): 453-460, 2020, 2020

The excessive application of fertilizers and of polluted irrigation water increases the trace met... more The excessive application of fertilizers and of polluted irrigation water increases the trace metal level in an agricultural ecosystem. This study aimed to assess the concentrations of trace metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) in irrigation water, field soil and crop plants. The contents of metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The range and hierarchy of trace metals concentration (µg/ml) in irrigation water are as follows, Fe (2.16-1. 53) > Zn (0.30-0.17) > Cu (0.18-0.11) > Mn (0.11-0.09). The concentration (µg/g) range in field soil showed in an order as Fe (9000-6961.5) > Mn (984.6-408.9) > Cu (698.5-26.3) > Zn (145.3-22.9). Moreover, crop plant parts showed maximum concentration (µg/g.dry weight) range for metal Fe (516.3-126.7) followed by Mn (169.7-0.4), Zn (78.8-50) and least for metal Cu (70.5-4.1). It was noticed that the Fe concentration in irrigation water is higher than the water quality standards proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization. Furthermore, the field soil exhibited more Cu, and crops have accumulated excess Fe and Cu than the Indian and European Union guidelines. Further, we reported that among the all plant part, leaves are more prone to accumulate trace metals. The value of the transfer factor indicates that plant has low bioaccumulation potential for studied trace metals. Whereas the accumulation index shows that there is a significant Cu contamination in the field soil. So we suggest that farmers should avoid the application of copper-rich fertilizers.

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Advances in Zoology and Botany 8(2): 37-44, 2020, 2020

The heavy metal contamination is creating devastating effects on ecosystem and environment and ev... more The heavy metal contamination is creating devastating effects on ecosystem and environment and eventually hazardous to human health. Ujjani is one of the largest reservoir in Maharashtra state. It receives water from different metropolitan cities harboring numerous industries. Moreover, anthropogenic activities pollute water and fish fauna of the reservoir. In the present study, the concentrations of heavy metals such as Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), and Manganese (Mn) were analyzed from various tissues namely muscles, liver, gill, and fin of Chillapi fish. The variation in level of metals was found with respect to tissue types and body weight groups. The concentrations of Fe were ranged between 15.94 to 91.56µg/g, Cu concentration was between 1.88 to 48.88µg/g, Zn concentration was between 25.72 to 84.2µg/g and Mn was recorded between 2.12 to 28.48µg/ g in Chillapi fish. Fe and Cu have recorded highest in the liver, whereas peak of Zn and Mn was detected in fins. Furthermore, the minimal metal concentrations were observed in muscle samples of all different weight groups. It shows that Fe, Zn, Cu concentration in all four tissues was within the limit, whereas the Mn level was found to be exceeding the permissible limit as prescribed FAO/WHO, 1989. The presence of heavy metals higher than normal level in fish bodies is a clear indicator of biomagnifications. Furthermore, THQ and HI values were within limit for all studied metals in fish but if consumed in excess amount may cause toxicity in humans. Therefore, daily intake of fish should be strictly monitored to avoid excess intake of these heavy metals. Our study signifies the importance of addressing the heavy metal contamination issue to avoid health related problems.

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International Journal of Botany Studies Vol. 6(2): Page No. 560-567, 2021

Phyto-sociological and floristic studies are widely recognised as being important in acquiring ba... more Phyto-sociological and floristic studies are widely recognised as being important in acquiring base-line data for the planning and management of any area. The most significant step in vegetation studies is to collect reliable and quantitative field data. This was done in the field by adopting the sampling technique as suggested by Braun-Blanquet (1932). The phyto-sociological surveys for suburban vegetation were undertaken on the hills (total 10) surrounding Pune city During present investigations, a qualitative and detailed quantitative data on the ecological relationships of 90 woody species was acquired. Out of total species the native species represents 68 % and exotics 22%. These species were distributed on the hills. Though, the native species were more in number than exotics, however, few exotic species were most abundantly found and planted. Altogether 2316 numbers of individual were reported from the sampling plots. Phyto-sociological studies were carried out on the 10 hills namely ARAI, Baner, Bhopdev ghat, Chaturshringi, Fergusson College, Kothrud, Parvati, Sutarwadi, University and Vetal. Overall, 124 quadrates of size 15 m X 15 m were plotted. Each and every tree in the quadrate is sampled along with GPS and studied for various Phytosociological parameters. Overall, the hills have represented fairly heterogeneous vegetation throughout the study area. In general, the plant community structure was Gliricidia sepium (IVI 1262.04)-Dalbergia melanoxylon (141.32)-Acacia catechu (133)-Azadirachta indica (114.8)-Leucaena leucocephala (91.69)-Acacia leucophloea(87.17)…. Hence, to understand the status of vegetation on hills the field work was carried out. The phyto-sociological methods have been employed and the essential phyto-sociological parameters were analysed.

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Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2021, Vol. 9, No. 4, 450-457, 2021

Pune is situated in close proximity (50kms) on the biodiversity of Sahyadri Hills also known as t... more Pune is situated in close proximity (50kms) on the biodiversity of Sahyadri Hills also known as the Western Ghats. As per the land use distribution of Pune city, the total area covered under hills and hill slopes is 1245 ha i.e., 5.10% of the total land. The Hills environment in the city is subjected to intense pressure due to all types of developmental projects and encroachment. The mounting concrete structures due to these developments have resulted in the loss of green covers on the hills covering parts of Western Ghats which are a resultant of the increasing climate change. We have sampled 10 hills namely ARAI. Baner, Bhopdev Ghat, Chaturshringi, Fergusson College, Kothrud hill, Sutarwadi. University, Vetal-Parvati for biomass, a total of 124 quadrates of size 15 m X 15 m were plotted. Each and every tree in the quadrate is sampled along with GPS and random soil samples were collected for soil carbon analysis. Soil samples were taken from soil profile up to 30 cm depth. Walkley-Black Wet Oxidation method was applied for measuring soil organic carbon. Total amount of above and belowground carbon sequestered was estimated and the values are extrapolated which comes to the value of1336886568 tonnes; litter and deadwood 17509.44 tonnes, and soil organic carbon 792001603.46 tonnes; and the sum of all were 212,89,05,681 tonnes. The rates of carbon in active markets are US$ 30 (Thirty dollars) per tonne. Putting a conservative value of US$ 30 per tonne of CO 2 locked in these sampled gardens, this carbon sink of about 212,89,05,681 tonnes of CO 2 is worth of US $ 63,867,170,430 or Indian Rs. 4,701,901,087,056.6 /-It will help in mitigating the total carbon emissions and reducing the carbon footprints of the Pune city and thereby decreasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.

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Journal of Threatened Taxa, 2019

The Western Ghats represents a small part of the Deccan Traps continental flood basalt province t... more The Western Ghats represents a small part of the Deccan Traps continental flood basalt province that erupted about 65 million years ago. It is an area of outstanding scenic beauty and has attracted the attention of geologists, naturalists and geomorphologists for over a century. One of the unique habitats in the Western Ghats are the rocky plateaus. Previous studies have covered plant species composition, geological and geomorphological status of the rocky plateaus. An analytical study of microhabitats and associated therophytes of four rocky plateau sites was conducted. The study sites were Durgawadi Plateau, Naneghat Plateau which are basalt outcrops and Zenda plateau and Amba Plateau, which are laterite outcrops on the escarpment of the northern Western Ghats. The results revealed a correlation between basalt and lateritic rock outcrops as well as ephemeral plant elements. All four outcrops are similar in their nutrient status but the microhabitats of these plateaus are extremely different from each other.

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International Journal of Allied Practice, Research and Review, 2019

Western Ghats area is a small part of the Deccan Traps continental flood basalt province, which h... more Western Ghats area is a small part of the Deccan Traps continental flood basalt province, which has erupted about 65 Million years ago. This area is considered as Hotspot which has attracted the attention of many geologists, botanists and geo-morphologists for over a century. The Western Ghats represents one of the critical habitats which are plateaus. Plateaus are considered as "island upon islands" which has many endemic species. Many previous studies covered either their plant species composition or geological and geo-morphological status. An analytical study of microhabitats and associated therophytes of four outcrops Durgawadi Plateau (DP), Naneghat Plateau (NP) which are basalt outcrops and Zenda plateau (ZP) and Amba Plateau (AP) which are laterite outcrop of the northern Western Ghats revealed correlation between basalt and lateritic rock outcrop. The out crops how differences not only in species composition but in their nutrient status also.

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International Journal of Allied Practice, Research and Review, 2019

Western Ghats are considered as a chain of hilltops running along the West Coast of Peninsular In... more Western Ghats are considered as a chain of hilltops running along the West Coast of Peninsular India from the river Tapi in the North to Kanyakumari in South. Ghats are also characterized with many unique habitats like plateaus, which are peculiar. These plateaus are botanically rich and are characterized with high degree of endemism. Plateaus are exclusive habitats that offer several niches/microhabitats. Each microhabitat designates its own characteristic flora and has extremely specialized communities. These plateaus are facing pressures from mining activity, tourism etc. The plants growing on plateaus are mostly ephemeral communities. Plateaus which are botanically and ecologically rich areas have not been studied adequately so far. The present study has been carried out to understand the trace and major elements of the microhabitats of Basalt as well as lateritic Plateaus.

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Bioscience Discovery, 7(2):121-127, July - 2016, 2016

Sacred groves in western Maharashtra are patches of forest preserved on religious ground. Only th... more Sacred groves in western Maharashtra are patches of forest preserved on religious ground. Only these preserved forest patches remain undamaged whereas the surrounding areas have scanty or eroded vegetation. Many studies show that the floristic surveys of sacred groves were carried out without emphasizing the comparative account with surrounding vegetation. In the present investigation we selected four sacred groves i.e. Somjaichi Rai, Maulidevichi Rai, Nivgunjaichi Rai, and Umberjaichi Rai; and focussed on comparative study between the floristic composition of sacred groves and its surrounding areas. These sacred groves look like a single isolated patch of forest; whereas the surrounding area supports very scanty trees and shrubs. The selected sacred groves depict such situation. Plant diversity in each sacred grove was very unique than its surrounding open areas. Some common species in all sacred groves are Acacia concinna DC, Bridelia retusa (L.) Spreng, Cassia fistula L., Mangifera indica L., Erythrina varigeta L., Meyna laxiflora Robyns, Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels and Terminalia chebula Retz. Some rarely occurring plants were Entada rheedei Spreng, Zingiber cerneum Dalz and Zingiber neesanum (Grah.) Raman. We compared between these sacred groves and its surrounding areas at taxa level.

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Asian Journal of Environmental Science Vol. 10(2): 166-171, 2015

Western ghats of Maharashtra represents several sacred groves. Sacred groves are ideal ecosystems... more Western ghats of Maharashtra represents several sacred groves. Sacred groves are ideal ecosystems of a particular geographical area and represents unique floristic and faunal composition. Sacred groves are often studied from floristic and faunal view point. Present attempt is
based on soil organic carbon estimation from four selected sacred groves situated in Bhor region of Pune district. These are – Somjaichi Rai, Maulidevichi Rai, Nivaganjaichi Rai, and Umberjaichi Rai. Rai is a local term used for sacred grove. Soil organic carbon in each sacred grove varied depending on decomposition of leaf litter as well as amount of biomass. In Somjaichi Rai the amount of soil organic carbon was 66.25 tonnes/ha while in Maulidevichi Rai it was 65.88 tonnes/ha; whereas in Nivganjaichi Rai it was 138.67 tonnes/ha and in Umberjaichi Rai it was 101.12 tonnes /ha.

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Biology is the science of life and touches all aspects of human endeavors. The process of unfoldi... more Biology is the science of life and touches all aspects of human endeavors. The process of unfolding of this science from the traditional constraints began in twentieth century. The discoveries such as double helical structure of DNA and the study of electrical activity in the living system were the result of novel and unusual blend of biology and physics.

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Water pollution due to residents and pilgrims causing waterborne health related diseases especial... more Water pollution due to residents and pilgrims causing waterborne health related diseases especially AGI (Acute Gastro Enteritis) amongst local population. The river water monitoring was carried and a questioner based survey was used to estimate water-borne and enteric disease incidence amongst the local residents and floating population consisting of pilgrims, tourists etc. 1.75% of local population suffered AGI at Alandi and 1.53% local population suffered due to AGI at Dehu. Various health disorders such as skin itching, ear pain, throat irritation, nausea etc were reported in the pilgrims. Multi-criteria approach is used to evolve composite quality index (CQI). The impact due to occurrence of AGI for various factors calculated using a parameter called as Odd Ratio (OR). It is observed that the odd ratio (OR) has decreased by 28% and 32% in Dehu and by 49% and 63% at Alandi during pilgrimage periods of Ashadi and Kartiki respectively, thereby indicating increased trend of number of people suffering from AGI due to pilgrim activities during pilgrimage period in comparison to non pilgrimage period.
Keywords-Sewage pollution, Pilgrimage activities, Composite Quality Index, Odd Ratio, Skin diseases, Solid Waste

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International Journal of Bioassays Vol. 4(11): 4483-4491, 2015

The present study is an attempt to analyze and assess the anthropogenic pressure and status of ex... more The present study is an attempt to analyze and assess the anthropogenic pressure and status of exotic species in the forests of Lolab Valley, Kashmir (India). Because of continuous and heavy grazing, and illegal encroachments, the pastures and forest-areas are deteriorated to critical levels. The pressure is also developing on the most favorite and preferred fuel wood tree species that include Cedrus deodara, Pinus excelsa, and Abies pindrow. The Kashmir Himalaya, known for its indigenous and endemic flora, also provides home to a large number of exotic plants, which exhibit a wide taxonomical and distributional stretch. The inventorization and documentation of its exotics have received a little or negligible attention. The present study has revealed that the exotic flora of Lolab valley is represented by a total of 30 species belonging to 22 families. The family Salicaceae (39%) proved to be the largest family fallowed by Rosaceae (31%), Rununculaceae (15%) and Moraceae (15%). Contribution of different geographical regions in terms of nativity shows that highest number of alien species have come from the continental Europe (42%) followed by Asia (31%) and North America (13%). In contrast, European flora contributed maximum percentage of species (42%) to the alien flora of Lolab valley.

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Constructed wetlands are an appropriate technology for areas where inexpensive land is generally ... more Constructed wetlands are an appropriate technology for areas where inexpensive land is generally available and skilled labor is less available. They are capable of effectively removing organic matter, suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus. The treated waste water coming out of the wetlands can be recycled and reused for watering of lawns, gardens, and irrigation of crops. Consequently it helps in the decrease in usage of fresh water source. Overall Constructed wetlands can provide a relatively inexpensive means of treating effluent water in order to meet wastewater regulations and decrease impact on the environment. Constructed wetlands can be used essentially alone or in series with other appropriate technologies depends on the required treatment goals. They can be appropriate for onsite systems where local regulators call for and allow systems other than conventional septic tank soil absorption systems.

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Thematic strategy and action plans for conservation of biodiversity in Maharashtra., Jun 18, 2002

Satpuda in Maharashtra comprises the three northern districts i.e Nandurbar, Dhule and Jalgaon. T... more Satpuda in Maharashtra comprises the three northern districts i.e Nandurbar, Dhule and Jalgaon. The hillsides are covered with moist to dry deciduous vegetation. The western Satpuda lie at the transitional position in between Western Ghats and Vindhya-Satpuda ranges, and has accumulated large number of species from both mountain ranges.

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Maharashtra's flora is heterogeneous in composition. Bio-geographically and agro-climatically it ... more Maharashtra's flora is heterogeneous in composition. Bio-geographically and agro-climatically it can be divided into five regions i.e. konkan - a narrow coastal strip to the west of Sahyadris; Madhya Maharashtra or Desh or central plateau of Deccan Peninsula lying to the east of Sahyadri; Khandesh - comprising the east and west Khandesh; Marathwada and Vidarbha. The natural vegetation and climate in general vary among these five geographical regions. Because of its central position and great diverse geographical and climatic conditions, the Maharashtra state shows rich floristic components. Out of total 3,700 higher plants (wild and naturalized) reported from Maharashtra state, about 687 are known to be endemic (Tetali et.al, 2000).

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Ecology, Environment and Conservation

In India more than 95% of medicinal plants used in preparing medicines are harvested from wild. M... more In India more than 95% of medicinal plants used in preparing medicines are harvested from wild. Medicinal plants are of great importance in healthcare of mankind in rural societies of Jammu & Kashmir and can become a leading producer of medicinal plants, provided this sector gets due attention. An ethno-medicinal survey was undertaken through frequent field visits, interviews and discussions with native nomadic tribes in Lolab Valley of Kashmir Himalaya to collect information and documentation of these medicinal plants. The present study reveals the ethno-medicinal uses and conservation status of medicinal plants in the Lolab valley of Kashmir Himalaya. During the course of study, 132 species belonging to 60 families were recorded, including 30 trees, 26 shrubs, 72 herbs, 2 climbers and 2 ferns were recorded to be used under traditional health care system, Assessment of conservation status of flora showed that among 132 species recorded 11% were endangered, 20% rare, 4% critically e...

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WCS’s National Journal of Interdisciplinary Research Volume. 1, Issue 1, April 2015, PP.1-13, 2015

A quantitative phytosociological survey was conducted to investigate the phytosciological measure... more A quantitative phytosociological survey was conducted to investigate the phytosciological measurements and comparative assessment of vegetation of Lolab valley, Kupwara. The study area was divided into six sites as per altitudinal gradient; the present study describes vegetation diversity along an altitudinal gradient in different study sites of the Lolab valley. The altitude of the study sites ranged from 1650 to 3841 m ASL. The vegetation with dbh of at least 10cm was measured. Phytosociological attributes of plant species were studied by randomly laying 60 quadrats of 30×30 m size. Plant diversity was evaluated using different diversity indices and the study revealed that the heighest diversity indices value for site-B (Simpson = 0.6598 and Shannon = 1.0883) and minimum for site-F (Simpson = 0.2275 and Shannon = 0.338). On the basis of Importance value index, Cedrus deodara was the most abundant species of the area fallowed by Pinus excelsa and the third associated species was Abies pindrow which was also reported the second associated tree species in the site having elevation range of 2106 to 2938 m (Site D). The result clearly indicates that elevation gradient plays vital role in the distribution of conifer species as well.

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Indian Forester, 141 (5) : 549-553, 2015, 2015

During the present investigations, tree species were documented from Lohgad and Visapur forts whi... more During the present investigations, tree species were documented from Lohgad and Visapur forts which occupy a small geographical area in Western Ghats (one of the important global biodiversity hotspots and UNESCO'SWorld heritage site) near Lonavala and Khandala hill stations. Tree species were identified and number of families, genera and species were recorded along with their endemic and threatened status. Literature survey was made as a source of secondary data for comparative account. In all 194 tree species belonging to 134 genus and 48 families were recorded. Moraceae was dominant family followed by Mimosaceae and Euphorbiaceae. Twenty six non-native cultivated species were recorded. From the results it is concluded that, Lohgad-Vispur forts region is highly diverse but under the anthropogenic threats due to various developmental projects (irresponsible tourists, construction of roads and other infrastructure) and introduction of non-native species. Due to rich diversity and well-nourished habitat for the wildlife, this region was proposed for Santapau Wildlife Sanctuary. If protected well, it could be the corridor and nourishing habitat for wildlife of the area.

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Journal of Basic sciences Vol. 1(1): 20-27, Apr 2015

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration has been increasing progressively for last two centuries... more Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration has been increasing progressively for last two centuries resulting in climate change. There are two alternatives to reduce CO2; one is to decrease carbon emissions and second is to increase carbon sink. Therefore, this study is going to focus on carbon pool, specifically in terms of urban parks vegetation. As we know, urban trees can help to mitigate climate change by sequestering atmospheric carbon. Thus, the need of the hour is to probe ways and means of managing the levels of GHGs in the atmosphere.
Urban parks and gardens are considered as lungs of the cities & have the ability to remove significant amounts of air pollutants, therefore improving environmental quality (Nowak et.al, 2006) & providing a wide variety of ecological services. Development of sustainable green cities in the near future is the prior
and important need of today’s fast urbanizing world.
In this study, GPS Instrument and GIS-Arc view 9.3 to 10.1, - a recent software of Geographic Information System (GIS) were used as measuring the urban forest is one of the first steps toward understanding this resource and developing appropriate management plans. The inventory process yields
baseline reports that serve as benchmarks on which future changes in C pool size would be calculated. In both the gardens, it ids found that Indigenous plant species even though present in less number sequester more carbon-dioxide.

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Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration has been increasing progressively for last two centuries... more Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration has been increasing progressively for last two centuries resulting in climate change. There are two alternatives to reduce CO2; one is to decrease carbon emissions and second is to increase carbon sink. Therefore, this study is going to focus on carbon pool, specifically in terms of urban parks vegetation. As we know, urban trees can help to mitigate climate change by sequestering atmospheric carbon. Thus; the need of the hour is to probe ways and means of managing the levels of GHGs. Urban parks as lungs of the cities can reduce atmospheric CO2 directly and indirectly therefore improving environmental quality; providing a wide variety of ecological services and amenities to communities, and contribute significantly to human health and environmental quality. Development of sustainable green cities in the near future is the prior need of today’s fast urbanizing world. Sequestration of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems is a low-cost option available in the near-term to mitigate increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, while providing additional benefits. Work can be referred by new researchers.

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Advances in Zoology and Botany 8(5): 453-460, 2020, 2020

The excessive application of fertilizers and of polluted irrigation water increases the trace met... more The excessive application of fertilizers and of polluted irrigation water increases the trace metal level in an agricultural ecosystem. This study aimed to assess the concentrations of trace metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) in irrigation water, field soil and crop plants. The contents of metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The range and hierarchy of trace metals concentration (µg/ml) in irrigation water are as follows, Fe (2.16-1. 53) > Zn (0.30-0.17) > Cu (0.18-0.11) > Mn (0.11-0.09). The concentration (µg/g) range in field soil showed in an order as Fe (9000-6961.5) > Mn (984.6-408.9) > Cu (698.5-26.3) > Zn (145.3-22.9). Moreover, crop plant parts showed maximum concentration (µg/g.dry weight) range for metal Fe (516.3-126.7) followed by Mn (169.7-0.4), Zn (78.8-50) and least for metal Cu (70.5-4.1). It was noticed that the Fe concentration in irrigation water is higher than the water quality standards proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization. Furthermore, the field soil exhibited more Cu, and crops have accumulated excess Fe and Cu than the Indian and European Union guidelines. Further, we reported that among the all plant part, leaves are more prone to accumulate trace metals. The value of the transfer factor indicates that plant has low bioaccumulation potential for studied trace metals. Whereas the accumulation index shows that there is a significant Cu contamination in the field soil. So we suggest that farmers should avoid the application of copper-rich fertilizers.

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Advances in Zoology and Botany 8(2): 37-44, 2020, 2020

The heavy metal contamination is creating devastating effects on ecosystem and environment and ev... more The heavy metal contamination is creating devastating effects on ecosystem and environment and eventually hazardous to human health. Ujjani is one of the largest reservoir in Maharashtra state. It receives water from different metropolitan cities harboring numerous industries. Moreover, anthropogenic activities pollute water and fish fauna of the reservoir. In the present study, the concentrations of heavy metals such as Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), and Manganese (Mn) were analyzed from various tissues namely muscles, liver, gill, and fin of Chillapi fish. The variation in level of metals was found with respect to tissue types and body weight groups. The concentrations of Fe were ranged between 15.94 to 91.56µg/g, Cu concentration was between 1.88 to 48.88µg/g, Zn concentration was between 25.72 to 84.2µg/g and Mn was recorded between 2.12 to 28.48µg/ g in Chillapi fish. Fe and Cu have recorded highest in the liver, whereas peak of Zn and Mn was detected in fins. Furthermore, the minimal metal concentrations were observed in muscle samples of all different weight groups. It shows that Fe, Zn, Cu concentration in all four tissues was within the limit, whereas the Mn level was found to be exceeding the permissible limit as prescribed FAO/WHO, 1989. The presence of heavy metals higher than normal level in fish bodies is a clear indicator of biomagnifications. Furthermore, THQ and HI values were within limit for all studied metals in fish but if consumed in excess amount may cause toxicity in humans. Therefore, daily intake of fish should be strictly monitored to avoid excess intake of these heavy metals. Our study signifies the importance of addressing the heavy metal contamination issue to avoid health related problems.

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International Journal of Botany Studies Vol. 6(2): Page No. 560-567, 2021

Phyto-sociological and floristic studies are widely recognised as being important in acquiring ba... more Phyto-sociological and floristic studies are widely recognised as being important in acquiring base-line data for the planning and management of any area. The most significant step in vegetation studies is to collect reliable and quantitative field data. This was done in the field by adopting the sampling technique as suggested by Braun-Blanquet (1932). The phyto-sociological surveys for suburban vegetation were undertaken on the hills (total 10) surrounding Pune city During present investigations, a qualitative and detailed quantitative data on the ecological relationships of 90 woody species was acquired. Out of total species the native species represents 68 % and exotics 22%. These species were distributed on the hills. Though, the native species were more in number than exotics, however, few exotic species were most abundantly found and planted. Altogether 2316 numbers of individual were reported from the sampling plots. Phyto-sociological studies were carried out on the 10 hills namely ARAI, Baner, Bhopdev ghat, Chaturshringi, Fergusson College, Kothrud, Parvati, Sutarwadi, University and Vetal. Overall, 124 quadrates of size 15 m X 15 m were plotted. Each and every tree in the quadrate is sampled along with GPS and studied for various Phytosociological parameters. Overall, the hills have represented fairly heterogeneous vegetation throughout the study area. In general, the plant community structure was Gliricidia sepium (IVI 1262.04)-Dalbergia melanoxylon (141.32)-Acacia catechu (133)-Azadirachta indica (114.8)-Leucaena leucocephala (91.69)-Acacia leucophloea(87.17)…. Hence, to understand the status of vegetation on hills the field work was carried out. The phyto-sociological methods have been employed and the essential phyto-sociological parameters were analysed.

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Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2021, Vol. 9, No. 4, 450-457, 2021

Pune is situated in close proximity (50kms) on the biodiversity of Sahyadri Hills also known as t... more Pune is situated in close proximity (50kms) on the biodiversity of Sahyadri Hills also known as the Western Ghats. As per the land use distribution of Pune city, the total area covered under hills and hill slopes is 1245 ha i.e., 5.10% of the total land. The Hills environment in the city is subjected to intense pressure due to all types of developmental projects and encroachment. The mounting concrete structures due to these developments have resulted in the loss of green covers on the hills covering parts of Western Ghats which are a resultant of the increasing climate change. We have sampled 10 hills namely ARAI. Baner, Bhopdev Ghat, Chaturshringi, Fergusson College, Kothrud hill, Sutarwadi. University, Vetal-Parvati for biomass, a total of 124 quadrates of size 15 m X 15 m were plotted. Each and every tree in the quadrate is sampled along with GPS and random soil samples were collected for soil carbon analysis. Soil samples were taken from soil profile up to 30 cm depth. Walkley-Black Wet Oxidation method was applied for measuring soil organic carbon. Total amount of above and belowground carbon sequestered was estimated and the values are extrapolated which comes to the value of1336886568 tonnes; litter and deadwood 17509.44 tonnes, and soil organic carbon 792001603.46 tonnes; and the sum of all were 212,89,05,681 tonnes. The rates of carbon in active markets are US$ 30 (Thirty dollars) per tonne. Putting a conservative value of US$ 30 per tonne of CO 2 locked in these sampled gardens, this carbon sink of about 212,89,05,681 tonnes of CO 2 is worth of US $ 63,867,170,430 or Indian Rs. 4,701,901,087,056.6 /-It will help in mitigating the total carbon emissions and reducing the carbon footprints of the Pune city and thereby decreasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.

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Journal of Threatened Taxa, 2019

The Western Ghats represents a small part of the Deccan Traps continental flood basalt province t... more The Western Ghats represents a small part of the Deccan Traps continental flood basalt province that erupted about 65 million years ago. It is an area of outstanding scenic beauty and has attracted the attention of geologists, naturalists and geomorphologists for over a century. One of the unique habitats in the Western Ghats are the rocky plateaus. Previous studies have covered plant species composition, geological and geomorphological status of the rocky plateaus. An analytical study of microhabitats and associated therophytes of four rocky plateau sites was conducted. The study sites were Durgawadi Plateau, Naneghat Plateau which are basalt outcrops and Zenda plateau and Amba Plateau, which are laterite outcrops on the escarpment of the northern Western Ghats. The results revealed a correlation between basalt and lateritic rock outcrops as well as ephemeral plant elements. All four outcrops are similar in their nutrient status but the microhabitats of these plateaus are extremely different from each other.

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International Journal of Allied Practice, Research and Review, 2019

Western Ghats area is a small part of the Deccan Traps continental flood basalt province, which h... more Western Ghats area is a small part of the Deccan Traps continental flood basalt province, which has erupted about 65 Million years ago. This area is considered as Hotspot which has attracted the attention of many geologists, botanists and geo-morphologists for over a century. The Western Ghats represents one of the critical habitats which are plateaus. Plateaus are considered as "island upon islands" which has many endemic species. Many previous studies covered either their plant species composition or geological and geo-morphological status. An analytical study of microhabitats and associated therophytes of four outcrops Durgawadi Plateau (DP), Naneghat Plateau (NP) which are basalt outcrops and Zenda plateau (ZP) and Amba Plateau (AP) which are laterite outcrop of the northern Western Ghats revealed correlation between basalt and lateritic rock outcrop. The out crops how differences not only in species composition but in their nutrient status also.

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International Journal of Allied Practice, Research and Review, 2019

Western Ghats are considered as a chain of hilltops running along the West Coast of Peninsular In... more Western Ghats are considered as a chain of hilltops running along the West Coast of Peninsular India from the river Tapi in the North to Kanyakumari in South. Ghats are also characterized with many unique habitats like plateaus, which are peculiar. These plateaus are botanically rich and are characterized with high degree of endemism. Plateaus are exclusive habitats that offer several niches/microhabitats. Each microhabitat designates its own characteristic flora and has extremely specialized communities. These plateaus are facing pressures from mining activity, tourism etc. The plants growing on plateaus are mostly ephemeral communities. Plateaus which are botanically and ecologically rich areas have not been studied adequately so far. The present study has been carried out to understand the trace and major elements of the microhabitats of Basalt as well as lateritic Plateaus.

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Bioscience Discovery, 7(2):121-127, July - 2016, 2016

Sacred groves in western Maharashtra are patches of forest preserved on religious ground. Only th... more Sacred groves in western Maharashtra are patches of forest preserved on religious ground. Only these preserved forest patches remain undamaged whereas the surrounding areas have scanty or eroded vegetation. Many studies show that the floristic surveys of sacred groves were carried out without emphasizing the comparative account with surrounding vegetation. In the present investigation we selected four sacred groves i.e. Somjaichi Rai, Maulidevichi Rai, Nivgunjaichi Rai, and Umberjaichi Rai; and focussed on comparative study between the floristic composition of sacred groves and its surrounding areas. These sacred groves look like a single isolated patch of forest; whereas the surrounding area supports very scanty trees and shrubs. The selected sacred groves depict such situation. Plant diversity in each sacred grove was very unique than its surrounding open areas. Some common species in all sacred groves are Acacia concinna DC, Bridelia retusa (L.) Spreng, Cassia fistula L., Mangifera indica L., Erythrina varigeta L., Meyna laxiflora Robyns, Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels and Terminalia chebula Retz. Some rarely occurring plants were Entada rheedei Spreng, Zingiber cerneum Dalz and Zingiber neesanum (Grah.) Raman. We compared between these sacred groves and its surrounding areas at taxa level.

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Asian Journal of Environmental Science Vol. 10(2): 166-171, 2015

Western ghats of Maharashtra represents several sacred groves. Sacred groves are ideal ecosystems... more Western ghats of Maharashtra represents several sacred groves. Sacred groves are ideal ecosystems of a particular geographical area and represents unique floristic and faunal composition. Sacred groves are often studied from floristic and faunal view point. Present attempt is
based on soil organic carbon estimation from four selected sacred groves situated in Bhor region of Pune district. These are – Somjaichi Rai, Maulidevichi Rai, Nivaganjaichi Rai, and Umberjaichi Rai. Rai is a local term used for sacred grove. Soil organic carbon in each sacred grove varied depending on decomposition of leaf litter as well as amount of biomass. In Somjaichi Rai the amount of soil organic carbon was 66.25 tonnes/ha while in Maulidevichi Rai it was 65.88 tonnes/ha; whereas in Nivganjaichi Rai it was 138.67 tonnes/ha and in Umberjaichi Rai it was 101.12 tonnes /ha.

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Biology is the science of life and touches all aspects of human endeavors. The process of unfoldi... more Biology is the science of life and touches all aspects of human endeavors. The process of unfolding of this science from the traditional constraints began in twentieth century. The discoveries such as double helical structure of DNA and the study of electrical activity in the living system were the result of novel and unusual blend of biology and physics.

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Water pollution due to residents and pilgrims causing waterborne health related diseases especial... more Water pollution due to residents and pilgrims causing waterborne health related diseases especially AGI (Acute Gastro Enteritis) amongst local population. The river water monitoring was carried and a questioner based survey was used to estimate water-borne and enteric disease incidence amongst the local residents and floating population consisting of pilgrims, tourists etc. 1.75% of local population suffered AGI at Alandi and 1.53% local population suffered due to AGI at Dehu. Various health disorders such as skin itching, ear pain, throat irritation, nausea etc were reported in the pilgrims. Multi-criteria approach is used to evolve composite quality index (CQI). The impact due to occurrence of AGI for various factors calculated using a parameter called as Odd Ratio (OR). It is observed that the odd ratio (OR) has decreased by 28% and 32% in Dehu and by 49% and 63% at Alandi during pilgrimage periods of Ashadi and Kartiki respectively, thereby indicating increased trend of number of people suffering from AGI due to pilgrim activities during pilgrimage period in comparison to non pilgrimage period.
Keywords-Sewage pollution, Pilgrimage activities, Composite Quality Index, Odd Ratio, Skin diseases, Solid Waste

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International Journal of Bioassays Vol. 4(11): 4483-4491, 2015

The present study is an attempt to analyze and assess the anthropogenic pressure and status of ex... more The present study is an attempt to analyze and assess the anthropogenic pressure and status of exotic species in the forests of Lolab Valley, Kashmir (India). Because of continuous and heavy grazing, and illegal encroachments, the pastures and forest-areas are deteriorated to critical levels. The pressure is also developing on the most favorite and preferred fuel wood tree species that include Cedrus deodara, Pinus excelsa, and Abies pindrow. The Kashmir Himalaya, known for its indigenous and endemic flora, also provides home to a large number of exotic plants, which exhibit a wide taxonomical and distributional stretch. The inventorization and documentation of its exotics have received a little or negligible attention. The present study has revealed that the exotic flora of Lolab valley is represented by a total of 30 species belonging to 22 families. The family Salicaceae (39%) proved to be the largest family fallowed by Rosaceae (31%), Rununculaceae (15%) and Moraceae (15%). Contribution of different geographical regions in terms of nativity shows that highest number of alien species have come from the continental Europe (42%) followed by Asia (31%) and North America (13%). In contrast, European flora contributed maximum percentage of species (42%) to the alien flora of Lolab valley.

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Constructed wetlands are an appropriate technology for areas where inexpensive land is generally ... more Constructed wetlands are an appropriate technology for areas where inexpensive land is generally available and skilled labor is less available. They are capable of effectively removing organic matter, suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus. The treated waste water coming out of the wetlands can be recycled and reused for watering of lawns, gardens, and irrigation of crops. Consequently it helps in the decrease in usage of fresh water source. Overall Constructed wetlands can provide a relatively inexpensive means of treating effluent water in order to meet wastewater regulations and decrease impact on the environment. Constructed wetlands can be used essentially alone or in series with other appropriate technologies depends on the required treatment goals. They can be appropriate for onsite systems where local regulators call for and allow systems other than conventional septic tank soil absorption systems.

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Thematic strategy and action plans for conservation of biodiversity in Maharashtra., Jun 18, 2002

Satpuda in Maharashtra comprises the three northern districts i.e Nandurbar, Dhule and Jalgaon. T... more Satpuda in Maharashtra comprises the three northern districts i.e Nandurbar, Dhule and Jalgaon. The hillsides are covered with moist to dry deciduous vegetation. The western Satpuda lie at the transitional position in between Western Ghats and Vindhya-Satpuda ranges, and has accumulated large number of species from both mountain ranges.

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Maharashtra's flora is heterogeneous in composition. Bio-geographically and agro-climatically it ... more Maharashtra's flora is heterogeneous in composition. Bio-geographically and agro-climatically it can be divided into five regions i.e. konkan - a narrow coastal strip to the west of Sahyadris; Madhya Maharashtra or Desh or central plateau of Deccan Peninsula lying to the east of Sahyadri; Khandesh - comprising the east and west Khandesh; Marathwada and Vidarbha. The natural vegetation and climate in general vary among these five geographical regions. Because of its central position and great diverse geographical and climatic conditions, the Maharashtra state shows rich floristic components. Out of total 3,700 higher plants (wild and naturalized) reported from Maharashtra state, about 687 are known to be endemic (Tetali et.al, 2000).

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Ecology, Environment and Conservation

In India more than 95% of medicinal plants used in preparing medicines are harvested from wild. M... more In India more than 95% of medicinal plants used in preparing medicines are harvested from wild. Medicinal plants are of great importance in healthcare of mankind in rural societies of Jammu & Kashmir and can become a leading producer of medicinal plants, provided this sector gets due attention. An ethno-medicinal survey was undertaken through frequent field visits, interviews and discussions with native nomadic tribes in Lolab Valley of Kashmir Himalaya to collect information and documentation of these medicinal plants. The present study reveals the ethno-medicinal uses and conservation status of medicinal plants in the Lolab valley of Kashmir Himalaya. During the course of study, 132 species belonging to 60 families were recorded, including 30 trees, 26 shrubs, 72 herbs, 2 climbers and 2 ferns were recorded to be used under traditional health care system, Assessment of conservation status of flora showed that among 132 species recorded 11% were endangered, 20% rare, 4% critically e...

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WCS’s National Journal of Interdisciplinary Research Volume. 1, Issue 1, April 2015, PP.1-13, 2015

A quantitative phytosociological survey was conducted to investigate the phytosciological measure... more A quantitative phytosociological survey was conducted to investigate the phytosciological measurements and comparative assessment of vegetation of Lolab valley, Kupwara. The study area was divided into six sites as per altitudinal gradient; the present study describes vegetation diversity along an altitudinal gradient in different study sites of the Lolab valley. The altitude of the study sites ranged from 1650 to 3841 m ASL. The vegetation with dbh of at least 10cm was measured. Phytosociological attributes of plant species were studied by randomly laying 60 quadrats of 30×30 m size. Plant diversity was evaluated using different diversity indices and the study revealed that the heighest diversity indices value for site-B (Simpson = 0.6598 and Shannon = 1.0883) and minimum for site-F (Simpson = 0.2275 and Shannon = 0.338). On the basis of Importance value index, Cedrus deodara was the most abundant species of the area fallowed by Pinus excelsa and the third associated species was Abies pindrow which was also reported the second associated tree species in the site having elevation range of 2106 to 2938 m (Site D). The result clearly indicates that elevation gradient plays vital role in the distribution of conifer species as well.

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Indian Forester, 141 (5) : 549-553, 2015, 2015

During the present investigations, tree species were documented from Lohgad and Visapur forts whi... more During the present investigations, tree species were documented from Lohgad and Visapur forts which occupy a small geographical area in Western Ghats (one of the important global biodiversity hotspots and UNESCO'SWorld heritage site) near Lonavala and Khandala hill stations. Tree species were identified and number of families, genera and species were recorded along with their endemic and threatened status. Literature survey was made as a source of secondary data for comparative account. In all 194 tree species belonging to 134 genus and 48 families were recorded. Moraceae was dominant family followed by Mimosaceae and Euphorbiaceae. Twenty six non-native cultivated species were recorded. From the results it is concluded that, Lohgad-Vispur forts region is highly diverse but under the anthropogenic threats due to various developmental projects (irresponsible tourists, construction of roads and other infrastructure) and introduction of non-native species. Due to rich diversity and well-nourished habitat for the wildlife, this region was proposed for Santapau Wildlife Sanctuary. If protected well, it could be the corridor and nourishing habitat for wildlife of the area.

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Journal of Basic sciences Vol. 1(1): 20-27, Apr 2015

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration has been increasing progressively for last two centuries... more Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration has been increasing progressively for last two centuries resulting in climate change. There are two alternatives to reduce CO2; one is to decrease carbon emissions and second is to increase carbon sink. Therefore, this study is going to focus on carbon pool, specifically in terms of urban parks vegetation. As we know, urban trees can help to mitigate climate change by sequestering atmospheric carbon. Thus, the need of the hour is to probe ways and means of managing the levels of GHGs in the atmosphere.
Urban parks and gardens are considered as lungs of the cities & have the ability to remove significant amounts of air pollutants, therefore improving environmental quality (Nowak et.al, 2006) & providing a wide variety of ecological services. Development of sustainable green cities in the near future is the prior
and important need of today’s fast urbanizing world.
In this study, GPS Instrument and GIS-Arc view 9.3 to 10.1, - a recent software of Geographic Information System (GIS) were used as measuring the urban forest is one of the first steps toward understanding this resource and developing appropriate management plans. The inventory process yields
baseline reports that serve as benchmarks on which future changes in C pool size would be calculated. In both the gardens, it ids found that Indigenous plant species even though present in less number sequester more carbon-dioxide.

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Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration has been increasing progressively for last two centuries... more Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration has been increasing progressively for last two centuries resulting in climate change. There are two alternatives to reduce CO2; one is to decrease carbon emissions and second is to increase carbon sink. Therefore, this study is going to focus on carbon pool, specifically in terms of urban parks vegetation. As we know, urban trees can help to mitigate climate change by sequestering atmospheric carbon. Thus; the need of the hour is to probe ways and means of managing the levels of GHGs. Urban parks as lungs of the cities can reduce atmospheric CO2 directly and indirectly therefore improving environmental quality; providing a wide variety of ecological services and amenities to communities, and contribute significantly to human health and environmental quality. Development of sustainable green cities in the near future is the prior need of today’s fast urbanizing world. Sequestration of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems is a low-cost option available in the near-term to mitigate increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, while providing additional benefits. Work can be referred by new researchers.

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The present study emphasizes impacts of habitat modification of urban wetland on plant species co... more The present study emphasizes impacts of habitat modification of urban wetland on plant species composition in rapidly developed Pune suburban area. Earlier Pune urban wetlands were rich ecosystems providing a habitat for a wide variety of aquatic life. Recently it has been influenced by many factors like habitat loss, overgrazing, high human population pressure and new trend in urban development around the lake. 173 aquatic macrophytes were reported from selected wetlands i.e. Pashan Lake (121) followed by Bhosari Lake (93), Akurdi Lake (86) and Katraj Lake (67). When compared with previous literature it shows net 100% loss of wetland area in case of Bhosari Lake. The phytosociological parameters shows relationships between plant communities and species composition. There was a positive correlation between water quality and composition of macrophyte species and direct correlation between anthropogenic activities and number and composition of macrophytes. The existing and potential effects of wetland activities on adjacent and other ecosystems were considered while preparing the management plan for the eco-restoration of Pashan Lake.

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Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration has been increasing progressively for last two centuries... more Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration has been increasing progressively for last two centuries resulting in climate change. There are two alternatives to reduce CO2; one is to decrease carbon emissions and second is to increase carbon sink. Therefore, this study is going to focus on carbon pool, specifically in terms of urban parks vegetation. As we know, urban trees can help to mitigate climate change by sequestering atmospheric carbon. Thus; the need of the hour is to probe ways and means of managing the levels of GHGs. Urban parks as lungs of the cities can reduce atmospheric CO2 directly and indirectly therefore improving environmental quality; providing a wide variety of ecological services and amenities to communities, and contribute significantly to human health and environmental quality. Development of sustainable green cities in the near future is the prior need of today’s fast urbanizing world. Sequestration of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems is a low-cost option available in the near-term to mitigate increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, while providing additional benefits. Work can be referred by new researchers.

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