Roberto De Rosa | University of Viterbo (original) (raw)
Papers by Roberto De Rosa
World Complexity Science Academy Journal, 2020
In recent years, the debate on populism and how it is affecting liberal democracy has become a ce... more In recent years, the debate on populism and how it is affecting liberal democracy has become a central point of political debate. France particularly represents an interesting case study for the presence of political forces attributable to this area. On the one hand, the country contends with the Front National political party, which has proudly called itself "national-populist" since 1978, and, on the other, a new protest movement, which, however, also uses an antagonistic and anti-elitist approach exists. The former has undergone a long evolution over the years while the latter has just been born in a "spontaneous and self-organized" form. Nevertheless, both seem to be located within a new "center-periphery" cleavage. Parties" and voters" reorganization follow new conflicts and, particularly, the great divide between 'winners' and 'losers' of global phenomena. Such an opposition synthesizes the consequences of inequalities among members of the same national community. The ideal configuration of internal boundaries within a national society, as Ernesto Laclau claims, is logically assimilated to the cleavage between the "People" and the "Establishment", which is the core of the current populist storytelling. This article aims to highlight the manifestations of the populist phenomenon in the French context with the analysis of these two collective actors and how they are placed in the context of new social and political fractures in which a huge part of the social body has experienced political radicalization triggered by social changes and amplified by upheavals in the world's economy or migratory and terrorist crises between 2008 and 2016.
Contemporary Italian Politics, 2019
The aim of this article is to explore how the Five-star Movement (M5s) has entered the local inst... more The aim of this article is to explore how the Five-star Movement (M5s) has entered the local institutions of Rome and how it has structured its relationship with the administrative machine, considering: the level of knowledge its representatives have reached in the local administration; the kinds of issues they are aware of; what they have learned from the situations they have been involved in, or what they think they have learned from them; what they have not yet learned. The theoretical approach is informed by an institutional perspective (March and Olsen) and so deals with the process of 'institutionalisation' of the M5s and its elected spokespersons in the city councils of Rome. The analysis covers the period from 2013 until 2018, and the methods used are both quantitative and qualitative. The article briefly outlines the main approach adopted, explaining how the interaction between the institutional system and the new players works, followed by a short description of the evolution of the M5s from its emergence, considering the new challenges it has faced. Then the data regarding the specific case study are presented and discussed.
The main literature on populism has been defining it as: a "thin-centered ideology" (M. Freeden),... more The main literature on populism has been defining it as: a "thin-centered ideology" (M. Freeden), a discursive style and a political strategy. In each of these three approaches it is essential its use of the political communication, since the latter has a crucial role in modern democracies, not only creating a space of relationship and exchange among government actors and citizens, but assuming, in times of electoral campaign, performing values with which populism - both as a discursive style and a political strategy - plays its cards wisely.
The recent European elections represented an important crossroad for the supranational electoral experience, whose importance, compared to past experiences, has to be found in the attempt to suggest the creation of a European public space. One of the factors that produced this change of perspective (at least in communication strategies’ terms) can be considered the evolution of the concept of Euroscepticism; if in the past this concept described positions of rejection of the European Union as a supranational entity, currently, under the same definition we may include critical positions to the policies developed by the EU, but not the rejection of the idea of a united Europe. To avoid stretching of the concept it is therefore considered more appropriate to speak of Euroscepticisms with a plural definition, in order to have a better understanding of the different communication strategies implemented.
The mixture of populist discursive styles and contingent communicative strategies, linked with the actual climate of permanent electoral campaign, does outline a framework in which populist positions in several European countries are much more clear.
A first question to which we will try to answer is whether, and to what extent, the electoral campaign for the 2014 European Parliament has been driven by factors related to the economic crisis and therefore connected with typical populist themes (Meny, Surel) linked to a communication style dominated by the "negative" and a dialectic of confrontation (us and them), or whether, and to what extent, the personal/individual factors related to the leaderships of these populist formations had an impact on their electoral success.
In this context, the focus of this paper will be the four victorious electoral campaigns for the 2014 European Parliament of the National Front in France, the United Kingdom Independence Party in the UK, of the Democratic Party in Italy and of SYRIZA in Greece.
Despite different ideological matrixes and the distant position on the left-right continuum, these four political formations are the sources of many of the criticisms towards the current EU policies, as communicated in recent years (those only nationally - FN and UKIP - but with a communitarian echo, and those exposing themselves in search of a supranational consensus - SYRIZA and PD) and strategically used, then, as a leitmotif of their electoral campaigns.
The ultimate goal of this work is, therefore, outlining the features, the discursive styles and the various communication strategies adopted by FN, UKIP, PD and SYRIZA, each of them containing various amounts of populism, Euroscepticism and anti-politics, but none of them provided with real anti-Europeanism.
Premise In recent years, Italian politics is facing enormous changes. As far as we were concerned... more Premise
In recent years, Italian politics is facing enormous changes.
As far as we were concerned with the populist messages generated by center-right and territorial parties, such as Forza Italia and Lega Nord, the framework of analysis was enough commonly shared with the European countries’ political landscapes.
Then, after 2009 (but with important roots in the previous years), with the top-down creation of a political movement from the digital world, we entered a new era of Italian politics, that is still in need of much in-depth research.
But this is only one of the events which contributed to increase the substantial differences with all of the other European political landscapes.
Shortly after the official birth of the MoVimento 5 Stelle, founded by the former Italian comedian Beppe Grillo, a critical action started inside the Partito Democratico, with the mayor of Florence as its main leader: the “rottamatori”, whose harsh and clear proposals reached the public opinion, becoming part of the national political debate without any internal filter from their own party.
The aim of this paper will be answering the main research question, whether or not the Italian political system has become a populist-dominated one, comparing the key discursive elements of the three biggest national political forces with recent Eurobarometer surveys and ITANES surveys on 2013 Italian National Elections, in order to verify/falsify this initial hypothesis.
(2013) , in Bardi L., Ignazi P., Massari O., "Non solo Roma. Partiti e classi dirigenti nelle reg... more (2013) , in Bardi L., Ignazi P., Massari O., "Non solo Roma. Partiti e classi dirigenti nelle regioni italiane", Università Bocconi Editore, Milano, pp. 219-264. (ISBN: 9788883501982)
(2007) , in Bardi L., Ignazi P., Massari O., I partiti italiani, Università Bocconi Editore, Mila... more (2007) , in Bardi L., Ignazi P., Massari O., I partiti italiani, Università Bocconi Editore, Milano 2007, pp. 55-96. (ISBN: 9788883500831)
2005 - in Cedroni L., Cosi S., De Rosa R., Natalicchio P., "Dal volontariato alla politica. Vers... more 2005 - in Cedroni L., Cosi S., De Rosa R., Natalicchio P., "Dal volontariato alla politica. Verso una diversificazione dei modelli di partecipazione giovanile", Edizioni Studium, Roma. (ISBN: 8838239770)
in L. Cedroni, Processi sociali e nuove forme di partecipazione politica, Franco Angeli, Milano, ... more in L. Cedroni, Processi sociali e nuove forme di partecipazione politica, Franco Angeli, Milano, pp. 181-195. (ISBN: 8846463684)
2004
Saggio contenuto ne "La costruzione della differenza tra società e politica", a cura di D. Pacell... more Saggio contenuto ne "La costruzione della differenza tra società e politica", a cura di D. Pacelli, Effatà Editrice, Torino, 2001, 205-220. (ISBN: 8886617925)
AIS Mid-term conference Ottobre 2014, Sezione di Sociologia politica, con Dario Quattromani
Convegno SISP 2014, Sezione Elezioni e comportamento di voto con Dario Quattromani
"Seminario SISE post-elettorale" sulle elezioni europee ed amministrative, con Dario Quattromani
S.E.C Summer School of Advanced International Studies in European Citizenship And Politics Of Cul... more S.E.C Summer School of Advanced International Studies in European Citizenship And Politics Of Culture, International University of Venice, 15-20 September 2010
5th ECPR General Conference 10-12 September 2009 Potsdam Universität, Section “Changes in Partici... more 5th ECPR General Conference 10-12 September 2009 Potsdam Universität, Section “Changes in Participation and Representation”, Panel “Party members and representation in multi-layered systems”
S.E.C Summer School of Advanced International Studies in European Citizenship And Politics Of Cul... more S.E.C Summer School of Advanced International Studies in European Citizenship And Politics Of Culture, International University of Venice, 26-31 August 2009
Convegno SISP 2008, Sezione Elezioni e comportamento di voto
Convegno SISP 2005, Sezione di Politica Comparata
Il quadro della ricerca che sottende questo lavoro è incentrato sull’analisi della trasformazion... more Il quadro della ricerca che sottende questo lavoro è incentrato sull’analisi della
trasformazione dei partiti politici intesi come organizzazioni, nella loro accezione,
quindi di insieme strutturato di individui e gruppi tra loro connessi da relazioni sociali,
formali ed informali, orizzontali e verticali.
La scelta del capitale sociale come strumento di analisi dei partiti politici poggia
sulla considerazione dell’ineliminabile esistenza di un obbligo di fiducia, che
caratterizza il rapporto tra rappresentanti e rappresentati, e il particolare uso che ne
fanno i partiti politici ai fini di legittimazione dell’azione politica e della leadership. Il
carattere fondamentale della relazione tra società e sistema politico – considerate le due
variabili analitiche dei partiti che sono: la domanda e la delega– e dalla quale scaturisce
la legittimità della rappresentanza politica, è la fiducia, fattore costitutivo del capitale
sociale.
L’obbiettivo è quello di verificare se il capitale sociale è utile per spiegare la
trasformazione dei partiti politici di tipo tradizionale a livello di quadri (elités)
attraverso l’osservazione della Fiducia Interna (Pizzorno) e la relazioni tra elités.
My contribute to the volume edited by Diego Garzia (EUI) "Voting Advice Applications in Europe"
World Complexity Science Academy Journal, 2020
In recent years, the debate on populism and how it is affecting liberal democracy has become a ce... more In recent years, the debate on populism and how it is affecting liberal democracy has become a central point of political debate. France particularly represents an interesting case study for the presence of political forces attributable to this area. On the one hand, the country contends with the Front National political party, which has proudly called itself "national-populist" since 1978, and, on the other, a new protest movement, which, however, also uses an antagonistic and anti-elitist approach exists. The former has undergone a long evolution over the years while the latter has just been born in a "spontaneous and self-organized" form. Nevertheless, both seem to be located within a new "center-periphery" cleavage. Parties" and voters" reorganization follow new conflicts and, particularly, the great divide between 'winners' and 'losers' of global phenomena. Such an opposition synthesizes the consequences of inequalities among members of the same national community. The ideal configuration of internal boundaries within a national society, as Ernesto Laclau claims, is logically assimilated to the cleavage between the "People" and the "Establishment", which is the core of the current populist storytelling. This article aims to highlight the manifestations of the populist phenomenon in the French context with the analysis of these two collective actors and how they are placed in the context of new social and political fractures in which a huge part of the social body has experienced political radicalization triggered by social changes and amplified by upheavals in the world's economy or migratory and terrorist crises between 2008 and 2016.
Contemporary Italian Politics, 2019
The aim of this article is to explore how the Five-star Movement (M5s) has entered the local inst... more The aim of this article is to explore how the Five-star Movement (M5s) has entered the local institutions of Rome and how it has structured its relationship with the administrative machine, considering: the level of knowledge its representatives have reached in the local administration; the kinds of issues they are aware of; what they have learned from the situations they have been involved in, or what they think they have learned from them; what they have not yet learned. The theoretical approach is informed by an institutional perspective (March and Olsen) and so deals with the process of 'institutionalisation' of the M5s and its elected spokespersons in the city councils of Rome. The analysis covers the period from 2013 until 2018, and the methods used are both quantitative and qualitative. The article briefly outlines the main approach adopted, explaining how the interaction between the institutional system and the new players works, followed by a short description of the evolution of the M5s from its emergence, considering the new challenges it has faced. Then the data regarding the specific case study are presented and discussed.
The main literature on populism has been defining it as: a "thin-centered ideology" (M. Freeden),... more The main literature on populism has been defining it as: a "thin-centered ideology" (M. Freeden), a discursive style and a political strategy. In each of these three approaches it is essential its use of the political communication, since the latter has a crucial role in modern democracies, not only creating a space of relationship and exchange among government actors and citizens, but assuming, in times of electoral campaign, performing values with which populism - both as a discursive style and a political strategy - plays its cards wisely.
The recent European elections represented an important crossroad for the supranational electoral experience, whose importance, compared to past experiences, has to be found in the attempt to suggest the creation of a European public space. One of the factors that produced this change of perspective (at least in communication strategies’ terms) can be considered the evolution of the concept of Euroscepticism; if in the past this concept described positions of rejection of the European Union as a supranational entity, currently, under the same definition we may include critical positions to the policies developed by the EU, but not the rejection of the idea of a united Europe. To avoid stretching of the concept it is therefore considered more appropriate to speak of Euroscepticisms with a plural definition, in order to have a better understanding of the different communication strategies implemented.
The mixture of populist discursive styles and contingent communicative strategies, linked with the actual climate of permanent electoral campaign, does outline a framework in which populist positions in several European countries are much more clear.
A first question to which we will try to answer is whether, and to what extent, the electoral campaign for the 2014 European Parliament has been driven by factors related to the economic crisis and therefore connected with typical populist themes (Meny, Surel) linked to a communication style dominated by the "negative" and a dialectic of confrontation (us and them), or whether, and to what extent, the personal/individual factors related to the leaderships of these populist formations had an impact on their electoral success.
In this context, the focus of this paper will be the four victorious electoral campaigns for the 2014 European Parliament of the National Front in France, the United Kingdom Independence Party in the UK, of the Democratic Party in Italy and of SYRIZA in Greece.
Despite different ideological matrixes and the distant position on the left-right continuum, these four political formations are the sources of many of the criticisms towards the current EU policies, as communicated in recent years (those only nationally - FN and UKIP - but with a communitarian echo, and those exposing themselves in search of a supranational consensus - SYRIZA and PD) and strategically used, then, as a leitmotif of their electoral campaigns.
The ultimate goal of this work is, therefore, outlining the features, the discursive styles and the various communication strategies adopted by FN, UKIP, PD and SYRIZA, each of them containing various amounts of populism, Euroscepticism and anti-politics, but none of them provided with real anti-Europeanism.
Premise In recent years, Italian politics is facing enormous changes. As far as we were concerned... more Premise
In recent years, Italian politics is facing enormous changes.
As far as we were concerned with the populist messages generated by center-right and territorial parties, such as Forza Italia and Lega Nord, the framework of analysis was enough commonly shared with the European countries’ political landscapes.
Then, after 2009 (but with important roots in the previous years), with the top-down creation of a political movement from the digital world, we entered a new era of Italian politics, that is still in need of much in-depth research.
But this is only one of the events which contributed to increase the substantial differences with all of the other European political landscapes.
Shortly after the official birth of the MoVimento 5 Stelle, founded by the former Italian comedian Beppe Grillo, a critical action started inside the Partito Democratico, with the mayor of Florence as its main leader: the “rottamatori”, whose harsh and clear proposals reached the public opinion, becoming part of the national political debate without any internal filter from their own party.
The aim of this paper will be answering the main research question, whether or not the Italian political system has become a populist-dominated one, comparing the key discursive elements of the three biggest national political forces with recent Eurobarometer surveys and ITANES surveys on 2013 Italian National Elections, in order to verify/falsify this initial hypothesis.
(2013) , in Bardi L., Ignazi P., Massari O., "Non solo Roma. Partiti e classi dirigenti nelle reg... more (2013) , in Bardi L., Ignazi P., Massari O., "Non solo Roma. Partiti e classi dirigenti nelle regioni italiane", Università Bocconi Editore, Milano, pp. 219-264. (ISBN: 9788883501982)
(2007) , in Bardi L., Ignazi P., Massari O., I partiti italiani, Università Bocconi Editore, Mila... more (2007) , in Bardi L., Ignazi P., Massari O., I partiti italiani, Università Bocconi Editore, Milano 2007, pp. 55-96. (ISBN: 9788883500831)
2005 - in Cedroni L., Cosi S., De Rosa R., Natalicchio P., "Dal volontariato alla politica. Vers... more 2005 - in Cedroni L., Cosi S., De Rosa R., Natalicchio P., "Dal volontariato alla politica. Verso una diversificazione dei modelli di partecipazione giovanile", Edizioni Studium, Roma. (ISBN: 8838239770)
in L. Cedroni, Processi sociali e nuove forme di partecipazione politica, Franco Angeli, Milano, ... more in L. Cedroni, Processi sociali e nuove forme di partecipazione politica, Franco Angeli, Milano, pp. 181-195. (ISBN: 8846463684)
2004
Saggio contenuto ne "La costruzione della differenza tra società e politica", a cura di D. Pacell... more Saggio contenuto ne "La costruzione della differenza tra società e politica", a cura di D. Pacelli, Effatà Editrice, Torino, 2001, 205-220. (ISBN: 8886617925)
AIS Mid-term conference Ottobre 2014, Sezione di Sociologia politica, con Dario Quattromani
Convegno SISP 2014, Sezione Elezioni e comportamento di voto con Dario Quattromani
"Seminario SISE post-elettorale" sulle elezioni europee ed amministrative, con Dario Quattromani
S.E.C Summer School of Advanced International Studies in European Citizenship And Politics Of Cul... more S.E.C Summer School of Advanced International Studies in European Citizenship And Politics Of Culture, International University of Venice, 15-20 September 2010
5th ECPR General Conference 10-12 September 2009 Potsdam Universität, Section “Changes in Partici... more 5th ECPR General Conference 10-12 September 2009 Potsdam Universität, Section “Changes in Participation and Representation”, Panel “Party members and representation in multi-layered systems”
S.E.C Summer School of Advanced International Studies in European Citizenship And Politics Of Cul... more S.E.C Summer School of Advanced International Studies in European Citizenship And Politics Of Culture, International University of Venice, 26-31 August 2009
Convegno SISP 2008, Sezione Elezioni e comportamento di voto
Convegno SISP 2005, Sezione di Politica Comparata
Il quadro della ricerca che sottende questo lavoro è incentrato sull’analisi della trasformazion... more Il quadro della ricerca che sottende questo lavoro è incentrato sull’analisi della
trasformazione dei partiti politici intesi come organizzazioni, nella loro accezione,
quindi di insieme strutturato di individui e gruppi tra loro connessi da relazioni sociali,
formali ed informali, orizzontali e verticali.
La scelta del capitale sociale come strumento di analisi dei partiti politici poggia
sulla considerazione dell’ineliminabile esistenza di un obbligo di fiducia, che
caratterizza il rapporto tra rappresentanti e rappresentati, e il particolare uso che ne
fanno i partiti politici ai fini di legittimazione dell’azione politica e della leadership. Il
carattere fondamentale della relazione tra società e sistema politico – considerate le due
variabili analitiche dei partiti che sono: la domanda e la delega– e dalla quale scaturisce
la legittimità della rappresentanza politica, è la fiducia, fattore costitutivo del capitale
sociale.
L’obbiettivo è quello di verificare se il capitale sociale è utile per spiegare la
trasformazione dei partiti politici di tipo tradizionale a livello di quadri (elités)
attraverso l’osservazione della Fiducia Interna (Pizzorno) e la relazioni tra elités.
My contribute to the volume edited by Diego Garzia (EUI) "Voting Advice Applications in Europe"
L'avvento delle nuove tecnologie della comunicazione nella moderna società occidentale ha portato... more L'avvento delle nuove tecnologie della comunicazione nella moderna società occidentale ha portato molti studiosi a interrogarsi sull'impatto che i nuovi media hanno sul processo democratico e dunque sul rapporto tra cittadini e politica. Ci si chiede quale soglia si è in procinto di varcare grazie agli input che i nuovi media stanno fornendo a pratiche antiche come la partecipazione. Non è solo la comunicazione politica che muta tramite il cambiamento del “mezzo”. Se il mezzo è il messaggio, il nuovo linguaggio politico che ne scaturisce è costitutivo di una nuova realtà politica. In tale volume si cerca di delineare gli elementi fondanti un nuovo strumento (il Web 2.0) che ha ridefinito i confini dei fenomeni partecipativi e ha dato nuovi mezzi di mobilitazione politica.
L’aspetto centrale del saggio è proprio l’aver messo in evidenza gli elementi caratterizzanti un nuovo modo di fare politica, i nuovi strumenti a disposizione sia della classe politica che dei cittadini e infine le nuove strategie che ne scaturiscono. E’ un campo, quello della politica digitale, non ancora ben strutturato su cui tuttavia l’attenzione della disciplina si sta concentrando: il volume fornisce un ulteriore contributo a delineare le dimensioni e le specificità di tale fenomeno.
La rilevazione della comunicazione politica radiotelevisiva è un campo di ricerca particolarmente... more La rilevazione della comunicazione politica radiotelevisiva è un campo di ricerca particolarmente importante e altrettanto complesso in quanto il monitoraggio delle presenze dei soggetti politici e della loro visibilità è volto non solo alla verifica del rispetto della par condicio, ma anche a mantenere un alto grado di trasparenza verso le istituzioni e ad aumentare il livello delle risorse cognitive a disposizione della concessionaria del servizio pubblico. In un campo decisionale tanto complesso e carico di conflittualità come quello della comunicazione politica, la formazione di consensual domains tra sistemi e ambienti umani è diventata una necessità. Lo scopo di tale volume è appunto quello di indagare da diversi punti di vista tale fenomeno fornendo una di carattere teorico che pragmatico definendo, in primo luogo, il campo di analisi e andando poi ad analizzare quei campi che da sempre sono oggetto di attenzione (l’analisi quali-quantitativa della presenze dei politici in video) e le più recenti applicazioni dell’analisi della comunicazione non verbale.
L'interrogativo di fondo a cui questo volume si propone di offrire una risposta è se e in che mod... more L'interrogativo di fondo a cui questo volume si propone di offrire una risposta è se e in che modo i partiti politici possano migliorare il loro "rendimento" inteso in termini di rappresentanza e di soddisfazione della domanda sociale. L'autore, tenendo conto dell'ampio dibattito che da oltre dieci anni a questa parte si è sviluppato attorno alla definizione del capitale sociale e all'ancor più complessa questione della sua operazionalizzazione, ha svolto una ricerca empirica sulle organizzazioni di partito che risultano dalla trasformazione di strutture precedenti, in cui il tipo di capitale sociale "ereditato", costituisce una risorsa politica già operativa in forma di norme di reciprocità e di fiducia. Si tratta di una prima applicazione concreta di un criterio in grado di misurare il livello di efficienza dei partiti politici in esame. Dall'analisi dei dati raccolti emergono risultati interessanti riguardo soprattutto il livello di fiducia interna al partito in grado di rendere la struttura più funzionale e maggiormente cooperativa.