Dr. Ali Maksum M.Ag., M.Si | Universitas Brawijya (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Ali Maksum M.Ag., M.Si

JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies), 2019

In the last few decades, the practice of paradiplomacy in Indonesia has increased across the coun... more In the last few decades, the practice of paradiplomacy in Indonesia has increased across the country. The paradiplomacy policy was commonly conducted by local governments in Indonesia since the collapse of the centralized-New Order regime followed by political reformation in various sectors. Decentralization is the main issue that demand local government to be more active and to manage the region properly. The opportunity to boost international partners is very open under the new norm that pave the way to the practice of paradiplomacy including in the frontier areas in Indonesia. This research focuses on the thwo important areas in the frontier Indonesia namely, Riau Island, West Kalimantan and Maluku. Nevertheless, in fact, the so-called “ceremonial” paradiplomacy blatantly practiced amid of the tighten and very bureaucratic barrier including obstacles on the budget implementation. This is qualitative research with discourse analysis which so important to understand paradiplomacy p...

Background: This research discusses the compatibility between Islam and democracy in Indonesia as... more Background: This research discusses the compatibility between Islam and democracy in Indonesia as being understood by Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL) and Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). Problems: There are three aspects studied in this research; (1) the thoughts of JIL and HTI about the compatibility of Islam dan democracy; (2) The construct of ideology, (3) the social movement. Method: This research used qualitative approach and critical paradigm. The sources of the data were from the written texts and oral texts obtained from libraries and interviews. Then, the data were analyzed through critical discourse analysis. Conclusion: First, JIL absolutely agrees with democracy based on their interpretation of the two Islamic primary sources; the Qur`an and the Sunnah. JIL interpretes Al-Qur’an and the Sunnah as a source for doing ijtihad. However, HTI absolutely refuses democracy. They base their argument that Islam is a complete teaching, Islam covers din wa dawlah (religion and state). Fr...

This study aims to examine the nature of ideological conflicts between moderate and radical Islam... more This study aims to examine the nature of ideological conflicts between moderate and radical Islamic organizations in Malang, East Java. This research employed qualitative approach, with inductive analysis. The results show that ideology of both moderate and radical Islamic organizations in Malang originated from a common base, that is Ahlussunnah wal Jamaah (Aswaja). However, there are differences in their interpretations of this shared ideologial root as well as their implementation. Moderate Islamic organizations advocate Pancasila to be preserved as the foundation of the state while radical organizations struggle for the creation of an Islamic state. Result of this ideological conflict, Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama which claim to be the most moderate and tolerant organizations are in fact the most intolerant and repressive toward different interpretations of Islamic ideologies. The paper argues that the dynamic of ideological conflict is closely related to economic and politi...

Sosiologi Pendidikan merupakan salah satu mata kuliah wajib yang diberikan pada mahasiswa yang me... more Sosiologi Pendidikan merupakan salah satu mata kuliah wajib yang diberikan pada mahasiswa yang mengambil jurusan ilmu pendidikan dan keguruan di berbagai perguruan tinggi. Tujuan utama matakuliah ini adalah agar mahasiswa dapat mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis proses pengembangan sosial peserta didik, peran sosial lembaga pendidikan, dan pengaruh masyarakat dan sistem non-pendidikan terhadap lembaga pendidikan, untuk keefektifan pemilikan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan berkehidupan bermasyarakat.

Social media has become an important part of the life of college students and is an addiction to ... more Social media has become an important part of the life of college students and is an addiction to social media, so there is a risk of success for college students. Although still controversial, self-esteem is suspected as a predictor of social media addiction behavior. This study examines the effect of selfesteem on social media addiction and how does the power of selfesteem influence if it is moderated with gender? A total of 225 students from 4 universities have been respondents in this study. The instrument used for data collection, namely the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, was developed by Rosenberg (1965) to measure the level of self-esteem. While Social Media Addiction used to measure addiction behavior of social media. The Social Media Addiction developed by Sahin. Data were analyzed by moderator regression analysis. The results of study point out that self-esteemsignificantly not relationship to social media addiction. In addition, gender variable also has a moderator function,...

Society

This research aims to reveal the relations between democracy and customary power in handling the ... more This research aims to reveal the relations between democracy and customary power in handling the East Timorese ex-refugees in Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, related to democratic practices More specifically, democracy is limited to the context of potential exclusion access of the Village Fund for new residents. This research used a qualitative and case studies approach to reveal democratic practices related to the implementation of Village Funds that are intertwined with the local culture. The subjects in this research were new residents in Fatuba’a Village which is geographically close to the cross-border between Indonesia and East Timor. Nearly half of Fatuba’a’s populations are new residents who are East Timorese ex-refugees. A large number of new residents have become a complex social problem for Fatuba’a Village. The data collection techniques consist of observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. The results showed that customary insti...

Proceedings of the International Conference of Democratisation in Southeast Asia (ICDeSA 2019), 2019

This study intends to find out the pattern of institutionalizing village democracy in managing vi... more This study intends to find out the pattern of institutionalizing village democracy in managing village funds. The aim is to find out why a village is prosperous, and some are not successful in managing funds so that it has an impact on the size of the village's original income. This study conducted in three villages, namely Pujon Kidul Village, Krebet Village, and Sanankerto Village in Malang Regency, East Java. Through the case study method, the research concluded that the pattern of democratic institutionalization based on the rational choice institutionalism approach in managing village funds proved to be successful in managing village funds whereas the design of institutionalizing democracy that uses a normative institutional approach has proven to be a failure in managing village funds

JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN ISLAM

This article discusses the relationship between Islam and democracy according to Jaringan Islam L... more This article discusses the relationship between Islam and democracy according to Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL; Liberal Islam Network) and Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), this article shows that according to JIL, Islam is compatible with modern democratic values. Democracy contains all modern governmental elements which are also found in Islam, such as consultation, consensus, justice, freedom, equality, and tolerance. Islam, in the view of JIL proponents, perfectly fits in line with modernity. Meanwhile, HTI argues that Islam is incompatible with democracy, because the word democracy comes from Western culture which means capitalist and secularist. Democracy is perceived by the HTI activists as a revolt against God's sovereignty. These different views are influenced by their interpretation of Islamic values on the context of modern concept of democracy. In addition, this difference is also caused by the background of education, genealogy of knowledge, and condition of global politics.

Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik

Anarchism and other forms of violence committed by religious groups and mass organizations are st... more Anarchism and other forms of violence committed by religious groups and mass organizations are still very common in Indonesia. There have been violations of human rights, religious freedom and civil liberties, which are essential pillars of democracy. Indonesia, as a country that adheres to religious freedom regards all forms of intolerance as violations of democracy. This study described and explored the views of young cadres of Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in Malang, East Java, about democracy, pluralism and tolerance. This research intended to unravel some of the issues of how young generations of Muhammadiyah and NU understand democracy, pluralism and tolerance and if their views are associated with their social construction. This study employed qualitative methods using interviews and direct observations to collect the data. The results of this study showed there were differences in the patterns between the younger generation and the older generation of Muhammadiyah. T...

ULUL ALBAB Jurnal Studi Islam

Epistemologi, dalam paradigm sains, sebenarnya merupakan cabang filsafat yang secara khusus dimin... more Epistemologi, dalam paradigm sains, sebenarnya merupakan cabang filsafat yang secara khusus diminati semenjak abad ke-17 M. Namun, ketika memasuki paroh abad ke 20 ini, epistemologi telah mengalami perkembangan pesat dan b eg itu beragam ke arah berbagai jurusan. Sebab utamanya adalah tumbuhnya cabang-cabang ilmu pengetahuan secara terns menerus tan pa henti. 1 Sebagai ciri khas yang patut mendapat perhatian dalam perkembangan epistemologi pada masa modern adalah munculn ya pandan gan barn mengenai pengetahuan. Pandangan itu dikemukakan oleh Prancis Bacon (I 561-1626) bahwa pengetahuan manusia; Human kncrwledge adalah Human Pcrwer. 2 Pengetahuan baru berarti dan berguna apabila dapat memberi nilai positif manusia dalam penguasaan atas alam. Sebagai akibatnya, ilmu pengetahuan selama masa modern sangat mempengaruhi dan mengubah pandangan manusia dan dunianya.

Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam (Journal of Islamic Education Studies), 2016

This research purposes to examine tolerant education model in both modern and salafis pesantren. ... more This research purposes to examine tolerant education model in both modern and salafis pesantren. This qualitatively descriptive study involves two pesantren settings, the modern pesantren Gontor Ponorogo and the salafis pesantren Tebuireng Jombang. Data is collected through interviews and documentations. From an inductive analysis, this research shows the following results. First, the Gontor modern pesantren acculturate preserved traditional value of pesantren in the modernity of educational systems. Particular teaching methods such as wetonan and sorogan are transformed into more standardized grades in classical way. Classic curriculum is still preserved in the class with some adaptations. This system is later called Mu'allimin or more popular as Kulliyatul-Mu'allimin al-Islamiyah (KMI). On the other hand, educational system in the pesantren of Tebuireng cannot be considered as the pure salafis category as the pesantren is still conducted the salafis education and the modern one separately. Therefore, the Tebuireng is now more exactly called "mixed pesantren" or integrated pesantren-between the khalafis and salafis. The next result of this result shows the fact that both salafis and integrated pesantrens actualize inclusive, peaceful, flexible, ad moderate Islam in which diversity and multiculturalism is in it. Islamic missionary in this way sustain Islam to live together with multi-culture. Curriculum of education and good-model leadership create santris with high tolerance.

&amp;amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;a... more &amp;amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;amp;gt;Bahasa Indonesia:&amp;amp;amp;lt;/strong&amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;lt;/p&amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;amp;gt;Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui model pendidikan toleransi di pesantren modern dan di pesantren salaf. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan setting dua pesantren, yakni pesantren modern Gontor Ponorogo dan pesantren salaf Tebuireng Jombang. Teknik pengumpulan datanya dengan wawancara dan dokumentasi. Untuk analisis data digunakan teknik analisis induktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Pesantren Darussalam Gontor merupakan pesantren modern, dengan ciri khas berupaya memadukan tradisionalitas dan modernitas pendidikan. Sistem pengajaran wetonan dan sorogan diganti dengan sistem klasikal (pengajaran di dalam kelas) yang berjenjang dan kurikulum terpadu diadopsi dengan penyesuaian tertentu. Sistem pendidikan yang digunakan di pondok modern dinamakan sistem Mu’allimin, atau terkenal dengan nama Kulliyatul-Mu&amp;amp;amp;#39;allimin al-Islamiyah (KMI). Sedangkan sistem pendidikaan di pondok pesantren Tebuireng, dilihat dari segi sistem pendidikan dan pengajarannya sepenuhnya tidak dapat disebut sebagai pesantren salaf murni. Karena di pesantren Tebuireng masih mempertahankan sistem pendidikan salaf, juga menerapkan sistem pendidikan modern. Oleh karena itu, untuk sekarang ini lebih tepat apabila menyebut Pondok Pesantren Tebuireng dengan sebutan Pondok Pesantren Campuran atau Pondok Pesantren Terpadu (antara khalaf dan salaf). (2) Baik di pondok pesantren modern dan salaf, Islam yang dipahami dan diaktualkan adalah Islam yang inklusif, ramah, tidak kaku, moderat, yakni Islam yang bernuansa perbedaan dan sarat dengan nilai-nilai multikultural. Mendakwahkan Islam yang seperti inilah yang menjadikan Islam bisa bersentuhan dengan multikultur. Untuk membentuk santri yang toleran kedua pesantren ini mengajarkannya melalui kurikulum pendidikan dan keteladanan hidup sehari-hari.&amp;amp;amp;lt;/p&amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;amp;gt; &amp;amp;amp;lt;/p&amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;amp;gt; &amp;amp;amp;lt;/p&amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;amp;gt;English:&amp;amp;amp;lt;/strong&amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;lt;/p&amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;amp;gt;This research purposes to examine tolerant education model in both modern and salafis pesantren. This qualitatively descriptive study involves two pesantren settings, the modern pesantren Gontor Ponorogo and the salafis pesantren Tebuireng Jombang. Data is collected through interviews and documentations. From an inductive analysis, this research shows the following results. First, the Gontor modern pesantren acculturate preserved traditional value of pesantren in the modernity of educational systems. Particular teaching methods such as wetonan and sorogan are transformed into more standardized grades in classical way. Classic curriculum is still preserved in the class with some adaptations. This system is later called Mu’allimin or more popular as Kulliyatul-Mu&amp;amp;amp;#39;allimin al-Islamiyah (KMI). On the other hand, educational system in the pesantren of Tebuireng cannot be considered as the pure salafis category as the pesantren is still conducted the salafis education and the modern one separately. Therefore, the Tebuireng is now more exactly called “mixed pesantren” or integrated pesantren –between the khalafis and salafis. The next result of this result shows the fact that both salafis and integrated pesantrens actualize inclusive, peaceful, flexible, ad moderate Islam in which diversity and multiculturalism is in it. Islamic missionary in this way sustain Islam to live together with multi-culture. Curriculum of education and good-model leadership create santris with high tolerance.&amp;amp;amp;lt;/p&amp;amp;amp;gt;

El-HARAKAH (TERAKREDITASI), 2015

This article explores the dynamic of Tengger communities life in order to defend its culture with... more This article explores the dynamic of Tengger communities life in order to defend its culture with regard to the expansion of Islam and the power of Indonesian government. The research were conducted in two villages, Ngadisari and Sapikerep, Probolinggo. Using the perspective of representation theory, this study elaborate more detail about the strategy of the Tengger people in representing their identity in the midst of the dynamics of the changing time. The dynamics dialectic between the Tengger and power (Islam) have brought out two important propositions. First, because of the strong tradition and culture Tengger systems, both Hindu and Islamic ideology interpreted as a cultural system that only symbolically attached to the Tengger. Second, although impressed syncretic, in fact, Islam and Hinduism also established world view Tengger substantive and culturally. The second view is as commonly as Islam in Java, "Javanese Islam" behind its character as if syncretic. However, it shows "substantial Islam" because it is based on religious traditions of Sufism. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi dinamika masyarakat Tengger dalam mempertahankan sistem kebudayaan dari ekspansi Islam dan kekuasaan pemerintah Indonesia. Penelitian dengan mengambil lokus di dua desa, Ngadisari dan Sapikerep, Probolinggo. Dengan menggunakan perspektif teori representasi, penelitian ini hendak mengelaborasi strategi masyarakat Tengger dalam merepresentasi identitas diri mereka di tengah-tengah dinamika perubahan zaman. Dinamika dialektika antara Tengger dengan kekuasaan (Islam) melahirkan dua proposisi penting.