PROFESSOR FOLA TAYO | University of Lagos,Nigeria (original) (raw)
Papers by PROFESSOR FOLA TAYO
European Journal of Pharmacology, Feb 1, 1986
Histamine receptors were characterized pharmacologically in the rabbit renal artery. Histamine co... more Histamine receptors were characterized pharmacologically in the rabbit renal artery. Histamine concentration-dependent contractions were blocked by chlorpheniramine (pA2 = 8.25 +/- 0.16) and mepyramine (pA2 = 9.80 +/- 0.22). A low concentration of metiamide (0.5 microM) enhanced significantly the effect of histamine. Higher concentrations either had no effect or reduced the contractile response to histamine. Impromidine, dimaprit and, in the presence of chlorpheniramine or mepyramine, histamine (at the concentrations that produced contractions) relaxed the precontracted vessel. The relaxant effect of histamine was quantitatively greater in the presence of mepyramine than it was in the presence of chlorpheniramine. Endothelial removal did not influence the contractile response to histamine but enhanced the relaxation suggesting the presence of histamine receptors mediating contraction in the intima. Relaxation responses to histamine and dimaprit were blocked competitively by cimetidine (pA2 = 6.65 +/- 0.10 and 6.60 +/- 0.05 respectively). It is concluded that there are two types of histamine receptors in the renal artery of the rabbit; H1-receptor mediating contraction and H2-receptor mediating relaxation. Both types of receptors are present in the media: some excitatory receptors may be present in the intima.
Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine, 2014
Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine, 2013
BACKGROUND Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major public health issue. Adolescents an... more BACKGROUND Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major public health issue. Adolescents and youth (15-24 years) are the age groups at the greater risk for acquiring them. Also a large percentage of new STIs occur in this age group with 7000 young people worldwide acquiring the infection every day. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are poorly recognized and inadequately treated in Nigeria despite the fact that they constitute a major risk factor for sexual transmission of HIV infection. The shortage of trained human resources is among the most important obstacles to strengthening health systems in low-income countries. OBJECTIVE This study is to document the knowledge and practice of undergraduate students about gonorrhoea and other STIs as a baseline survey for future intervention work. METHODS It was a questionnaire-based, cross sectional descriptive study of the knowledge and practice of STIs among students in the seven public tertiary academic institutions in Lagos St...
PubMed, Feb 1, 1987
Dependence of contraction and endothelium-dependent relaxation of segments of the rabbit aorta an... more Dependence of contraction and endothelium-dependent relaxation of segments of the rabbit aorta and the celiac, superior mesenteric and renal arteries on the presence of calcium in the physiological salt solution in which they were bathed have been studied in vitro. Arteries were tested before and 60 min after removal of Ca++ from the bath solution. Norepinephrine-induced contraction and acetylcholine and A23187-induced relaxation were calcium-dependent in the thoracic and upper abdominal aorta. Contractions were resistant to the effect of calcium removal in segments from the aorta below the origin of the renal artery and from the renal artery itself. The aorta between the superior mesenteric and the renal arteries was intermediate in its dependence. Relaxation of the aorta caudal to the origin of the celiac artery and the renal artery was also resistant. The insertion of an intact everted vessel into an artery whose intima had been inactivated by rubbing restored partially the relaxation to acetylcholine and A23187 in the presence of normal calcium. Vessels that did not relax to acetylcholine after Ca++ exclusion from the bathing solution relaxed when the renal artery was the donor. Donor arteries whose relaxation was sensitive to Ca++ removal did not increase the relaxation response of the renal artery after calcium removal. Diltiazem and D600 reduced the relaxation responses of acetylcholine in the thoracic aorta and enhanced those in the renal artery. It is concluded that there is a transition in the extracellular Ca++ dependence of contraction and endothelium-derived relaxation along the length of the abdominal aorta. Changes in the dependence of contraction occurred more gradually than relaxation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
West African journal of pharmacology and drug research, 2011
Antioxidant drugs are often aggressively marketed as a major component of anti-retroviral therapy... more Antioxidant drugs are often aggressively marketed as a major component of anti-retroviral therapy (ARV) and its concurrent use with anti-retroviral drugs is common among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The implication of such practice is an important issue. The treatment outcomes of PLWHA on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) using antioxidant drugs were compared with PLWHA also on HAART but not using any antioxidants. This was a questionnaire-based study and was carried out during a 6-month period. Subjects, who were recruited as they assessed treatment at the General Hospital Lagos, Nigeria, included 166 PLWHA who had been on HAART for at least one-year. The subjects were made up of two groups; patients on ARVs with regular intake of antioxidants and those on ARVs without antioxidants. Viral loads and CD4 cell counts before and six months after commencement of HAART were found to be significantly different (p 0.05) was observed in these health indices between the si...
Ife Journal of Science, 2018
Ciprofloxacin is increasingly being used in the management of various cases of infectious disease... more Ciprofloxacin is increasingly being used in the management of various cases of infectious diseases including gonorrhoea and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. As bioavailability and bioequivalence of drug products (especially multi-sourced products) and product selection have emerged as critical issues in healthcare, it is essential that products used in patient management are of acceptable quality. Using a sampling frame of community pharmacists in Lagos obtained from the Association of Community Pharmacists of Nigeria (ACPN) Lagos State Branch, sixteen brands of ciprofloxacin (500 mg) tablets were purchased from selected pharmacies for the study. Physicochemical tests were carried out according to BP (2007) specifications. The results showed that the products had acceptable physical quality thus satisfactory in appearance, size and ability to abrade or be crushed. All but one of the brands tested passed the dissolution tests. A quarter of the brands tested (25%) did not pass the chemical assay test i.e. percentage content of active ingredient. The study concluded that not all the products tested are of sufficiently good quality with up to four brands failing the chemical assay test. This may be due to deliberate counterfeiting, failure of current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) by manufacturers or poor handling by wholesalers/retailers. This has serious impact on healthcare delivery and public health. The study recommends effective post marketing surveillance and enforcement of cGMP. Future analytical studies on ciprofloxacin should consider dissolution testing in solutions of different pH.
Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de thérapie, 1985
The interactions of the tricyclic antidepressants, amitriptyline and desipramine with 5-hydroxytr... more The interactions of the tricyclic antidepressants, amitriptyline and desipramine with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were studied in the guinea-pig ileum and in the rat stomach strip. The tricyclics blocked the contractile response of the guinea-pig ileum and severely depressed the maximum [amitriptyline greater than desipramine (DMI)], however, they potentiated (DMI greater than amitriptyline) 5-HT-induced contractions of the RSS. The potentiation induced with DMI seems to be a combination of uptake inhibition and some post-receptor sensitization whilst amitriptyline-induced potentiation may be due to the former. Higher concentrations of the tricyclics contract the RSS. These contractions were absent in reserpinized RSS. Reserpinization reduced the potentiation after tricyclics and DMI was unable to enhance maximal concentrations of 5-HT, i.e. the post-receptor effect of DMI seems to have been abolished. It is concluded that whilst the tricyclics may be irreversible antagonists of 5-HT...
Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de thérapie, 1985
The alpha-adrenoceptor sub-type of the rat vas deferens was characterized with noradrenaline (alp... more The alpha-adrenoceptor sub-type of the rat vas deferens was characterized with noradrenaline (alpha-1, alpha-2-agonist), phenylephrine (alpha-1-agonist), prazosin (alpha-1-antagonist) and yohimbine (alpha-2-antagonist) and compared with the results obtained in the rat anococcygeus muscle. In the vas deferens, both prazosin and phentolamine were competitive antagonists of noradrenaline and phenylephrine whereas yohimbine was a non-competitive antagonist irrespective of the concentrations of these antagonists. On the other hand, in the anococcygeus muscle, at low concentrations, prazosin was non-competitive against noradrenaline whilst it was competitive against phenylephrine. Yohimbine behaved as a competitive antagonist of noradrenaline at both low and high concentrations whilst at low concentrations it was non-competitive against phenylephrine. These results suggest a predominance of alpha-1-adrenoceptors in the vas deferens located postjunctionally with a small population of alpha...
West African journal of pharmacology and drug research, 1976
West African journal of pharmacology and drug research, 1977
Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de thérapie, 1979
The effects of nomifensine on the rat isolated vas deferens was studied. Nomifensine (7.60 X 10(-... more The effects of nomifensine on the rat isolated vas deferens was studied. Nomifensine (7.60 X 10(-11) molar--7.60 X 10(-8) molar) enhanced the stimulant effects of dopamine and prevented the inhibitory action of pimozide on dopamine-induced contractions. Higher concentrations of nomifensine blocked the effects of dopamine noncompetitively (pD2' = 7.25 +/- 0.12). Nomifensine (7.60 X 10(-9) molar--3.80 X 10(-6) molar) enhanced noradrenaline-induced contractions and reduced phentolamine-induced antagonism of noradrenaline. Higher concentrations of nomifensine blocked the effects of noradrenaline competitively (pA2 = 5.50 +/- 0.06). Guanethidine induced supersensitivity of the vas to noradrenaline and further enhanced the potentiating effect of nomifensine. The effect of 5-HT was reduced competitively by nomifensine (pA2 = 7.50 +/- 0.10). Desipramine produced a similar preferential enhancement of dopamine-induced contractions and antagonized dopamine at higher concentrations. It is c...
Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine, 2008
Self- medication is common among the Nigerian populace especially in the treatment of malaria. Th... more Self- medication is common among the Nigerian populace especially in the treatment of malaria. The quality of care received depends on the knowledge and the manner in which private drug sellers treat their clients. The aim of the study was to evaluate what drug sellers know about malaria and how they can manage their clients. In – depth interviews and an observer administered questionnaire was used to study 67 drug outlets selected by simple random sampling from 8 local government area in 3 divisions of Lagos State. It was administered to the personnel in charge of the outlet on the of visit and all cooperated. All respondent knew that malaria was caused by the bite of an infected mosquito,but malaria was also attributed to various other causes such as:other infected people 7 (11.7%) eating too many mangoes and other seasonal fruits 5 (8.3%),from bad air 18(30%), eating too much butter and fat 12(20%), evil spirits and witches 4(6.9%), bathing too much and being beaten by rain 13(21.7%),cockroaches 7(11.7%), house lies11(18.33%). Thirteen (19.4%) of the respondents knew and recommended correct paediatric doses of chloroquine and 19(28.4%) knew of its safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Thirty three (49.3%) said they administered injections to patients in their retail outlets while 49(73.1%) said they preferred to recommend injections than tablets in acute malaria. There is a need for an educational intervention to correct the misconception of drug sellers about malaria . They are the first line of contact by many patients; formal training to encourage the use of standard treatment guidelines by drug sellers will greatly improve the quality of care received by the populace in malaria. NQJHM Vol. 14 (1) 2004: pp. 84-87
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1974
The fresh water Indian neopterigian teleost, Cyprinuscarpio, a common carp deals with some aspect... more The fresh water Indian neopterigian teleost, Cyprinuscarpio, a common carp deals with some aspect concerning chromatic regulatory mechanisms, within the boundary of the two points of view: one of these is the value of colour pattern, as signals to other animals for the purpose of recognition, stimulation or warning or for the purpose of concealment of predator of prey. In this field is included the phenomenon of rapid colour change. The other point ofview concerns the pharmacological nature of fiber which controls the activity of melanophores. In the present study on the fresh water fish Cyprinuscarpioemphased of those actions of some drugs which interfere with peripheral adrenergic transmission. Drug can inhibit, block and potentiateadrenergic mechanism in a variety of ways such as by affecting norepinephrine synthesis, norepinephrine storage, norepinephrine release norepinephrine uptake, norepinephrine inactivation, presynaptic action of norepinephrine and postsynaptic action of norepinephrine including alpha and beta adrenergic blockade.
![Research paper thumbnail of Further evidence for dopaminoceptors in the vas deferens [proceedings]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100410261/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](British journal of pharmacology, 1977
Cette mission s'est déroulée en 2 temp}:-une réunion au Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Piracicaba ... more Cette mission s'est déroulée en 2 temp}:-une réunion au Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Piracicaba (Université de San Paulo) ayant permis de prendre des contacts avec les chercheurs brésiliens et latine américains travaillant sur la nutrition phosphatée des plantes et la fertilisation des cultures, afin de mettre au point les futures collaborations, nationales et régionales, en matière de valorisation des phosphates naturels. .-des visites de terrain dans la région du Rio Grande do Sul et des discussions avec les partenaires brésiliens du PRI : chercheurs de la FUNDACEP, responsables de coopératives, dirigeants de la centrale de coopératives CENTRALSUL et de la société de production d'engrais DEFER. Des contacts ont été également pris avec les chercheurs de la station de l' organisme fédéral de recherches agronomiques (EMBRAP A) de la région du Rio Grande do Sul, spécialisé dans les cultures maraîchères et fruitières des climats tempérés, afi n d'élargir la base des recherches en matière de suivi des formules d'engrais produites par la société DEFER, ainsi que de conseils en amont (relais de la demande paysanne). 1. Réunion AIEA au CENA: Centre d'études nucléaires de l'Université de Sao Paulo à Piracicaba 27 au 30 / 10 Felipe ZAPATA (AIEA): Présentation des objets de la réunion:-examiner les progrès faits dans l'application des techniques nucléaires pour étudier la production agricole et sa durabilité.-offiir une opportunité aux scientifiques sud américains d'échanger des idées sur le sol, l'eau, la plante et la gestion intégrée des éléments nutritifs. Les présentations des chercheurs n'ont pas été distribuées, seuls les résumés sont disponibles chez le rapporteur. Quelques notes se rapportant aux problèmes de nutrition des plantes (PRI) sont présentées ci-dessous. Carlos CERRI: Directeur du CENA Réalisation d'études, dans le cadre du "global warming", sur l'évolution du carbone dans les sols de la zone amazonienne (déforestation, passage aux pâturages). En fin de compte, on tend à montrer que la déforestation en Amazonie ne participe que pour 0,5 à 1 % au global warming total. Cependant, il est à remarquer qu'une loi brésilienne interdira, à partir de l'an 2000, le brûlage des feuilles de canne à sucre avant la récolte afin de diminuer les émissions de C0 2. Utilisation du 13 C Plantes en C 3 et C 4 � valeur du 13C différent au niveau du C du sol � on peut donc reconnaître le C provenant des pâturages par rapport au carbone préexistant de la forêt (stock de C sur 1 m en forêt : de 60 à 105 t/ha). Canne à sucre Ô 13 C sol:-27 o/oo (forêt)-24 o/oo (après 12 ans)-19 o/oo (après 50 ans). Mais la teneur en C du sol passe de 8 à 4 kg C/m 2. De plus, 50 % de ce C provient toujours de la forêt initiale + 50 % de la canne.
Background: Adherence to tuberculosis medication has been shown to be a major determinant of tube... more Background: Adherence to tuberculosis medication has been shown to be a major determinant of tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Objectives: This study was done to determine the extent of association between the level of adherence and factors influencing TB medication adherence; and the impact of a cognitive intervention. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a three-sectioned questionnaire was used to determine and evaluate the effect of the factors on TB medication adherence in 272 patients between July 2010 and June 2012. Data analysis was done with the aid of SPSS software version 16, Chicago, Illinois. Results: The adherence level of the respondents was 70.3% from patient records. The factors significantly associated with TB medication adherence were: patient, social and health service factors (p<0.05). Knowledge level was a predictor of tuberculosis medication adherence (7 times). A cognitive intervention was done, resulting in a positive impact, where patient's average T...
Building Resilience at Universities: Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 2021
Automated systems have been crucial to reducing medication errors and improving patient safety. H... more Automated systems have been crucial to reducing medication errors and improving patient safety. However, their use has increased medication-errors associated with other factors:socio-technical interactions, automation bias, workarounds, and overrides. This comprehensive systematic review was conducted to identify types and severity of medication-errors associated with the use of automated system in all stages of the medication use process. This provides new perspectives that contribute significantly to global knowledge in the research area. Three databases were searched to include English-language observational and experimental studies(from 2000-2019) focused on types and severity of medication errors. A data-extraction form was developed, and quality was assessed using Hoy-et-al tool. The search yielded 860 articles after deduplication and thirteen were eligible. The bias risk was low for eight studies(62%) and moderate for five(38%). The medication-error types, and prevalence were...
Does a physician’s specialty influence the recording of medication history in patients ’ case notes?
Ability of the damaged pancreas to generate new β-cells when activated with external stimuli has ... more Ability of the damaged pancreas to generate new β-cells when activated with external stimuli has been documented. This study assessed the potentials of aqueous extract of bambusa vulgaris leaf to reactivate damaged β-cells in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Eighteen healthy male Wistar rats (12 weeks old; weight= between 150 and 200g) were used for this study. The rats were randomly divided into three groups (six per group); group A (un-induced); group B (untreated alloxan-induced diabetics); group C (alloxan-induced diabetics treated with 200mg/kg body weight of freshly prepared extract of bambusa vulgaris leaf). Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and plasma insulin levels were determined in all animals using glucometer and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay methods respectively. Sections of pancreas tissues were prepared for histology. IDDM was confirmed in groups B and C (FBS increased significantly=p<0.05) after 2 days of alloxan administration). The FBS remained significantly (p>0.05) higher in group B, compared to group A, but reduced significantly (p<0.05) in group C after 7 days of treatment with bambusa vulgaris leaf extract. On the 7th day, plasma insulin level decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group B, but no significant difference observed in group C compared with group A. Histology reports showed damaged pancreas in group B, while Group C showed normal islet cells after 7 days of oral administration of bambusa vulgaris extract. In conclusion, aqueous extract of Bambusa vulgaris could restore the activities of alloxan-damaged pancreas. The extract could be a reliable alternative to synthetic pharmaceuticals in the treatment IDDM.
European Journal of Pharmacology, Feb 1, 1986
Histamine receptors were characterized pharmacologically in the rabbit renal artery. Histamine co... more Histamine receptors were characterized pharmacologically in the rabbit renal artery. Histamine concentration-dependent contractions were blocked by chlorpheniramine (pA2 = 8.25 +/- 0.16) and mepyramine (pA2 = 9.80 +/- 0.22). A low concentration of metiamide (0.5 microM) enhanced significantly the effect of histamine. Higher concentrations either had no effect or reduced the contractile response to histamine. Impromidine, dimaprit and, in the presence of chlorpheniramine or mepyramine, histamine (at the concentrations that produced contractions) relaxed the precontracted vessel. The relaxant effect of histamine was quantitatively greater in the presence of mepyramine than it was in the presence of chlorpheniramine. Endothelial removal did not influence the contractile response to histamine but enhanced the relaxation suggesting the presence of histamine receptors mediating contraction in the intima. Relaxation responses to histamine and dimaprit were blocked competitively by cimetidine (pA2 = 6.65 +/- 0.10 and 6.60 +/- 0.05 respectively). It is concluded that there are two types of histamine receptors in the renal artery of the rabbit; H1-receptor mediating contraction and H2-receptor mediating relaxation. Both types of receptors are present in the media: some excitatory receptors may be present in the intima.
Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine, 2014
Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine, 2013
BACKGROUND Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major public health issue. Adolescents an... more BACKGROUND Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major public health issue. Adolescents and youth (15-24 years) are the age groups at the greater risk for acquiring them. Also a large percentage of new STIs occur in this age group with 7000 young people worldwide acquiring the infection every day. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are poorly recognized and inadequately treated in Nigeria despite the fact that they constitute a major risk factor for sexual transmission of HIV infection. The shortage of trained human resources is among the most important obstacles to strengthening health systems in low-income countries. OBJECTIVE This study is to document the knowledge and practice of undergraduate students about gonorrhoea and other STIs as a baseline survey for future intervention work. METHODS It was a questionnaire-based, cross sectional descriptive study of the knowledge and practice of STIs among students in the seven public tertiary academic institutions in Lagos St...
PubMed, Feb 1, 1987
Dependence of contraction and endothelium-dependent relaxation of segments of the rabbit aorta an... more Dependence of contraction and endothelium-dependent relaxation of segments of the rabbit aorta and the celiac, superior mesenteric and renal arteries on the presence of calcium in the physiological salt solution in which they were bathed have been studied in vitro. Arteries were tested before and 60 min after removal of Ca++ from the bath solution. Norepinephrine-induced contraction and acetylcholine and A23187-induced relaxation were calcium-dependent in the thoracic and upper abdominal aorta. Contractions were resistant to the effect of calcium removal in segments from the aorta below the origin of the renal artery and from the renal artery itself. The aorta between the superior mesenteric and the renal arteries was intermediate in its dependence. Relaxation of the aorta caudal to the origin of the celiac artery and the renal artery was also resistant. The insertion of an intact everted vessel into an artery whose intima had been inactivated by rubbing restored partially the relaxation to acetylcholine and A23187 in the presence of normal calcium. Vessels that did not relax to acetylcholine after Ca++ exclusion from the bathing solution relaxed when the renal artery was the donor. Donor arteries whose relaxation was sensitive to Ca++ removal did not increase the relaxation response of the renal artery after calcium removal. Diltiazem and D600 reduced the relaxation responses of acetylcholine in the thoracic aorta and enhanced those in the renal artery. It is concluded that there is a transition in the extracellular Ca++ dependence of contraction and endothelium-derived relaxation along the length of the abdominal aorta. Changes in the dependence of contraction occurred more gradually than relaxation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
West African journal of pharmacology and drug research, 2011
Antioxidant drugs are often aggressively marketed as a major component of anti-retroviral therapy... more Antioxidant drugs are often aggressively marketed as a major component of anti-retroviral therapy (ARV) and its concurrent use with anti-retroviral drugs is common among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The implication of such practice is an important issue. The treatment outcomes of PLWHA on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) using antioxidant drugs were compared with PLWHA also on HAART but not using any antioxidants. This was a questionnaire-based study and was carried out during a 6-month period. Subjects, who were recruited as they assessed treatment at the General Hospital Lagos, Nigeria, included 166 PLWHA who had been on HAART for at least one-year. The subjects were made up of two groups; patients on ARVs with regular intake of antioxidants and those on ARVs without antioxidants. Viral loads and CD4 cell counts before and six months after commencement of HAART were found to be significantly different (p 0.05) was observed in these health indices between the si...
Ife Journal of Science, 2018
Ciprofloxacin is increasingly being used in the management of various cases of infectious disease... more Ciprofloxacin is increasingly being used in the management of various cases of infectious diseases including gonorrhoea and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. As bioavailability and bioequivalence of drug products (especially multi-sourced products) and product selection have emerged as critical issues in healthcare, it is essential that products used in patient management are of acceptable quality. Using a sampling frame of community pharmacists in Lagos obtained from the Association of Community Pharmacists of Nigeria (ACPN) Lagos State Branch, sixteen brands of ciprofloxacin (500 mg) tablets were purchased from selected pharmacies for the study. Physicochemical tests were carried out according to BP (2007) specifications. The results showed that the products had acceptable physical quality thus satisfactory in appearance, size and ability to abrade or be crushed. All but one of the brands tested passed the dissolution tests. A quarter of the brands tested (25%) did not pass the chemical assay test i.e. percentage content of active ingredient. The study concluded that not all the products tested are of sufficiently good quality with up to four brands failing the chemical assay test. This may be due to deliberate counterfeiting, failure of current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) by manufacturers or poor handling by wholesalers/retailers. This has serious impact on healthcare delivery and public health. The study recommends effective post marketing surveillance and enforcement of cGMP. Future analytical studies on ciprofloxacin should consider dissolution testing in solutions of different pH.
Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de thérapie, 1985
The interactions of the tricyclic antidepressants, amitriptyline and desipramine with 5-hydroxytr... more The interactions of the tricyclic antidepressants, amitriptyline and desipramine with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were studied in the guinea-pig ileum and in the rat stomach strip. The tricyclics blocked the contractile response of the guinea-pig ileum and severely depressed the maximum [amitriptyline greater than desipramine (DMI)], however, they potentiated (DMI greater than amitriptyline) 5-HT-induced contractions of the RSS. The potentiation induced with DMI seems to be a combination of uptake inhibition and some post-receptor sensitization whilst amitriptyline-induced potentiation may be due to the former. Higher concentrations of the tricyclics contract the RSS. These contractions were absent in reserpinized RSS. Reserpinization reduced the potentiation after tricyclics and DMI was unable to enhance maximal concentrations of 5-HT, i.e. the post-receptor effect of DMI seems to have been abolished. It is concluded that whilst the tricyclics may be irreversible antagonists of 5-HT...
Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de thérapie, 1985
The alpha-adrenoceptor sub-type of the rat vas deferens was characterized with noradrenaline (alp... more The alpha-adrenoceptor sub-type of the rat vas deferens was characterized with noradrenaline (alpha-1, alpha-2-agonist), phenylephrine (alpha-1-agonist), prazosin (alpha-1-antagonist) and yohimbine (alpha-2-antagonist) and compared with the results obtained in the rat anococcygeus muscle. In the vas deferens, both prazosin and phentolamine were competitive antagonists of noradrenaline and phenylephrine whereas yohimbine was a non-competitive antagonist irrespective of the concentrations of these antagonists. On the other hand, in the anococcygeus muscle, at low concentrations, prazosin was non-competitive against noradrenaline whilst it was competitive against phenylephrine. Yohimbine behaved as a competitive antagonist of noradrenaline at both low and high concentrations whilst at low concentrations it was non-competitive against phenylephrine. These results suggest a predominance of alpha-1-adrenoceptors in the vas deferens located postjunctionally with a small population of alpha...
West African journal of pharmacology and drug research, 1976
West African journal of pharmacology and drug research, 1977
Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de thérapie, 1979
The effects of nomifensine on the rat isolated vas deferens was studied. Nomifensine (7.60 X 10(-... more The effects of nomifensine on the rat isolated vas deferens was studied. Nomifensine (7.60 X 10(-11) molar--7.60 X 10(-8) molar) enhanced the stimulant effects of dopamine and prevented the inhibitory action of pimozide on dopamine-induced contractions. Higher concentrations of nomifensine blocked the effects of dopamine noncompetitively (pD2' = 7.25 +/- 0.12). Nomifensine (7.60 X 10(-9) molar--3.80 X 10(-6) molar) enhanced noradrenaline-induced contractions and reduced phentolamine-induced antagonism of noradrenaline. Higher concentrations of nomifensine blocked the effects of noradrenaline competitively (pA2 = 5.50 +/- 0.06). Guanethidine induced supersensitivity of the vas to noradrenaline and further enhanced the potentiating effect of nomifensine. The effect of 5-HT was reduced competitively by nomifensine (pA2 = 7.50 +/- 0.10). Desipramine produced a similar preferential enhancement of dopamine-induced contractions and antagonized dopamine at higher concentrations. It is c...
Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine, 2008
Self- medication is common among the Nigerian populace especially in the treatment of malaria. Th... more Self- medication is common among the Nigerian populace especially in the treatment of malaria. The quality of care received depends on the knowledge and the manner in which private drug sellers treat their clients. The aim of the study was to evaluate what drug sellers know about malaria and how they can manage their clients. In – depth interviews and an observer administered questionnaire was used to study 67 drug outlets selected by simple random sampling from 8 local government area in 3 divisions of Lagos State. It was administered to the personnel in charge of the outlet on the of visit and all cooperated. All respondent knew that malaria was caused by the bite of an infected mosquito,but malaria was also attributed to various other causes such as:other infected people 7 (11.7%) eating too many mangoes and other seasonal fruits 5 (8.3%),from bad air 18(30%), eating too much butter and fat 12(20%), evil spirits and witches 4(6.9%), bathing too much and being beaten by rain 13(21.7%),cockroaches 7(11.7%), house lies11(18.33%). Thirteen (19.4%) of the respondents knew and recommended correct paediatric doses of chloroquine and 19(28.4%) knew of its safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Thirty three (49.3%) said they administered injections to patients in their retail outlets while 49(73.1%) said they preferred to recommend injections than tablets in acute malaria. There is a need for an educational intervention to correct the misconception of drug sellers about malaria . They are the first line of contact by many patients; formal training to encourage the use of standard treatment guidelines by drug sellers will greatly improve the quality of care received by the populace in malaria. NQJHM Vol. 14 (1) 2004: pp. 84-87
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1974
The fresh water Indian neopterigian teleost, Cyprinuscarpio, a common carp deals with some aspect... more The fresh water Indian neopterigian teleost, Cyprinuscarpio, a common carp deals with some aspect concerning chromatic regulatory mechanisms, within the boundary of the two points of view: one of these is the value of colour pattern, as signals to other animals for the purpose of recognition, stimulation or warning or for the purpose of concealment of predator of prey. In this field is included the phenomenon of rapid colour change. The other point ofview concerns the pharmacological nature of fiber which controls the activity of melanophores. In the present study on the fresh water fish Cyprinuscarpioemphased of those actions of some drugs which interfere with peripheral adrenergic transmission. Drug can inhibit, block and potentiateadrenergic mechanism in a variety of ways such as by affecting norepinephrine synthesis, norepinephrine storage, norepinephrine release norepinephrine uptake, norepinephrine inactivation, presynaptic action of norepinephrine and postsynaptic action of norepinephrine including alpha and beta adrenergic blockade.
British journal of pharmacology, 1977
Cette mission s'est déroulée en 2 temp}:-une réunion au Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Piracicaba ... more Cette mission s'est déroulée en 2 temp}:-une réunion au Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Piracicaba (Université de San Paulo) ayant permis de prendre des contacts avec les chercheurs brésiliens et latine américains travaillant sur la nutrition phosphatée des plantes et la fertilisation des cultures, afin de mettre au point les futures collaborations, nationales et régionales, en matière de valorisation des phosphates naturels. .-des visites de terrain dans la région du Rio Grande do Sul et des discussions avec les partenaires brésiliens du PRI : chercheurs de la FUNDACEP, responsables de coopératives, dirigeants de la centrale de coopératives CENTRALSUL et de la société de production d'engrais DEFER. Des contacts ont été également pris avec les chercheurs de la station de l' organisme fédéral de recherches agronomiques (EMBRAP A) de la région du Rio Grande do Sul, spécialisé dans les cultures maraîchères et fruitières des climats tempérés, afi n d'élargir la base des recherches en matière de suivi des formules d'engrais produites par la société DEFER, ainsi que de conseils en amont (relais de la demande paysanne). 1. Réunion AIEA au CENA: Centre d'études nucléaires de l'Université de Sao Paulo à Piracicaba 27 au 30 / 10 Felipe ZAPATA (AIEA): Présentation des objets de la réunion:-examiner les progrès faits dans l'application des techniques nucléaires pour étudier la production agricole et sa durabilité.-offiir une opportunité aux scientifiques sud américains d'échanger des idées sur le sol, l'eau, la plante et la gestion intégrée des éléments nutritifs. Les présentations des chercheurs n'ont pas été distribuées, seuls les résumés sont disponibles chez le rapporteur. Quelques notes se rapportant aux problèmes de nutrition des plantes (PRI) sont présentées ci-dessous. Carlos CERRI: Directeur du CENA Réalisation d'études, dans le cadre du "global warming", sur l'évolution du carbone dans les sols de la zone amazonienne (déforestation, passage aux pâturages). En fin de compte, on tend à montrer que la déforestation en Amazonie ne participe que pour 0,5 à 1 % au global warming total. Cependant, il est à remarquer qu'une loi brésilienne interdira, à partir de l'an 2000, le brûlage des feuilles de canne à sucre avant la récolte afin de diminuer les émissions de C0 2. Utilisation du 13 C Plantes en C 3 et C 4 � valeur du 13C différent au niveau du C du sol � on peut donc reconnaître le C provenant des pâturages par rapport au carbone préexistant de la forêt (stock de C sur 1 m en forêt : de 60 à 105 t/ha). Canne à sucre Ô 13 C sol:-27 o/oo (forêt)-24 o/oo (après 12 ans)-19 o/oo (après 50 ans). Mais la teneur en C du sol passe de 8 à 4 kg C/m 2. De plus, 50 % de ce C provient toujours de la forêt initiale + 50 % de la canne.
Background: Adherence to tuberculosis medication has been shown to be a major determinant of tube... more Background: Adherence to tuberculosis medication has been shown to be a major determinant of tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Objectives: This study was done to determine the extent of association between the level of adherence and factors influencing TB medication adherence; and the impact of a cognitive intervention. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a three-sectioned questionnaire was used to determine and evaluate the effect of the factors on TB medication adherence in 272 patients between July 2010 and June 2012. Data analysis was done with the aid of SPSS software version 16, Chicago, Illinois. Results: The adherence level of the respondents was 70.3% from patient records. The factors significantly associated with TB medication adherence were: patient, social and health service factors (p<0.05). Knowledge level was a predictor of tuberculosis medication adherence (7 times). A cognitive intervention was done, resulting in a positive impact, where patient's average T...
Building Resilience at Universities: Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 2021
Automated systems have been crucial to reducing medication errors and improving patient safety. H... more Automated systems have been crucial to reducing medication errors and improving patient safety. However, their use has increased medication-errors associated with other factors:socio-technical interactions, automation bias, workarounds, and overrides. This comprehensive systematic review was conducted to identify types and severity of medication-errors associated with the use of automated system in all stages of the medication use process. This provides new perspectives that contribute significantly to global knowledge in the research area. Three databases were searched to include English-language observational and experimental studies(from 2000-2019) focused on types and severity of medication errors. A data-extraction form was developed, and quality was assessed using Hoy-et-al tool. The search yielded 860 articles after deduplication and thirteen were eligible. The bias risk was low for eight studies(62%) and moderate for five(38%). The medication-error types, and prevalence were...
Does a physician’s specialty influence the recording of medication history in patients ’ case notes?
Ability of the damaged pancreas to generate new β-cells when activated with external stimuli has ... more Ability of the damaged pancreas to generate new β-cells when activated with external stimuli has been documented. This study assessed the potentials of aqueous extract of bambusa vulgaris leaf to reactivate damaged β-cells in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Eighteen healthy male Wistar rats (12 weeks old; weight= between 150 and 200g) were used for this study. The rats were randomly divided into three groups (six per group); group A (un-induced); group B (untreated alloxan-induced diabetics); group C (alloxan-induced diabetics treated with 200mg/kg body weight of freshly prepared extract of bambusa vulgaris leaf). Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and plasma insulin levels were determined in all animals using glucometer and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay methods respectively. Sections of pancreas tissues were prepared for histology. IDDM was confirmed in groups B and C (FBS increased significantly=p<0.05) after 2 days of alloxan administration). The FBS remained significantly (p>0.05) higher in group B, compared to group A, but reduced significantly (p<0.05) in group C after 7 days of treatment with bambusa vulgaris leaf extract. On the 7th day, plasma insulin level decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group B, but no significant difference observed in group C compared with group A. Histology reports showed damaged pancreas in group B, while Group C showed normal islet cells after 7 days of oral administration of bambusa vulgaris extract. In conclusion, aqueous extract of Bambusa vulgaris could restore the activities of alloxan-damaged pancreas. The extract could be a reliable alternative to synthetic pharmaceuticals in the treatment IDDM.