Chiara Mariotti | Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy (original) (raw)

Papers by Chiara Mariotti

GRIMOLDI A., ZAMPILLI M. (a cura di), Restauro: Conoscenza, Progetto, Cantiere, Gestione. Sezione 4.2: Realizzazione degli interventi. Casi studio, Quasar, Roma 2020, 2020

The construction site plays a crucial role in the process that leads to the intervention on histo... more The construction site plays a crucial role in the process that leads to the intervention on historical architectures: it turns design into something real, being at the same time an effective tool for knowledge and experimentation, a breeding ground for testing previous restoration activities and for planning future conservation programs, an interdisciplinary training hub to gain specific expertise and know-how. Through the analysis of the restoration works carried out on the Cly Castle and with particular reference to fortified buildings in ruins, this paper aims to reflect on the cultural and relational bonds that the construction site creates between the architecture and stakeholders involved in the enhancement process, by leveraging, specifically, on the importance of education in the field of architectural restoration. Planned according to the ‘construction site-school’ formula, the restoration of the Cly Castle seems to be a multi-level learning site: at the end of the 1980s, the ruins of the ancient fortification hosted an open-air experimental lab, a learning course consisting of theoretical, practical and programmatic activities based on the fundamental interaction among different actors – mainly protection bodies and construction companies –, able to train new experts, foster research, implement adequate conservation solutions and transfer practical and methodological skill acquisitions as the AVER project can demonstrate. This experience offers the opportunity to reflect today on achievements, mistakes and missed chances, to identify possible corrective collective responses, to propose new interactions and improve those already in place, to think about the relevance of education for cultural heritage preservation stressing the responsibility of those who face this challenge.

"International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics", 2019

The practice of management, although quite recent, embodies one of the major challenges for plann... more The practice of management, although quite recent, embodies one of the major challenges for planning sustainable historic cities. Environmental, climatic, social and cultural issues affecting historic contexts, make management a fundamental process in balancing sustainable development and heritage conservation over time. In this framework, the ROCK – Regeneration and Optimisation of Cultural heritage in creative and Knowledge cities – project (H2020, n. 730280) aims at developing Cultural Heritage-led regeneration strategies capable of ensuring streams of long-lasting structured actions after the end of the project. Involving 10 European cities under the coordination of the Municipality of Bologna with the core scientific support of the University of Bologna, this project is designing a long-term management tool and testing its innovative pathway across the EU. Thus, this paper will focus on the genesis, construction and implementation of the ROCK Integrated Management Plan (IMP) as vital toolkit for developing, over time, sustainable urban procedures in the historic cities focused on the essential role of tangible and intangible heritage. Based on the UNESCO Management Plans, the existing literature and on several international reference experiences, ROCK IMP embeds the research-action-research methodology that underlies the whole project. Following this innovative circular approach, a preliminary set of goals and actions were selected (research), then implemented trough pilot interventions, co-designed and co-created with local administrations, stakeholders and citizens (action), and finally updated, considering the impacts of the performed actions to recalibrate the process and build scenarios for the IMP (research). As it is an ongoing process, this paper will appraise its state of the art, highlighting the potential and criticalities and describing what has been done in the city of Bologna so far.

"International Journal of Architectural Heritage", 11, 2019

Today digital technologies offer great opportunities in the field of Cultural Heritage (CH). Afte... more Today digital technologies offer great opportunities in the field of Cultural Heritage (CH). After a general overview of the European policy documents on CH digitisation, the paper aims to reflect on tools, procedures and methodologies in the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) as a new way of visualization, application and data collection towards accessing, understanding and safeguarding our historic built environment. The focus will be on two ongoing H2020 projects, INCEPTION and ROCK, selected to address the problem of CH digitisation and the access to the corresponding digitized resources in relation to historic buildings and urban districts. Therefore, they are presented as inspiring good practices for tackling this issue considering its impacts both at the architectural and urban scale. Stressing the potentials of enabling technologies, such as 3D laser surveys, environment and climate sensors, large crowd monitoring tools and CH analytic, they are also able to orient future research beyond 2020.

"L'Ufficio Tecnico", 4, 2019

Lack of knowledge and bad implementation during the construction processes risks to affect the be... more Lack of knowledge and bad implementation during the construction processes risks to affect the benefits of prefab solutions - as components for building envelopes, windows and equipment - for NET Zero Energy buildings. The energy-efficiency potential of the building results often unmet as designed. The gap between the design specification and the As-Built condition is mainly due to the ineffective communication among design, production and construction professionals. The INSITER European project aims to prevent the performance discrepancy developing self-instruction and self-inspection procedures, supported by BIM-based software tools and augmented reality applications. BIM and AR technologies, which have revealed as part of Industry 4.0, play an important role in connecting the virtual design environment with the physical production and construction sites.

"Restauro Archeologico", special issue, 2019

Historiography ranks Alfredo d'Andrade and Alfonso Rubbiani as opposites to John Ruskin on protec... more Historiography ranks Alfredo d'Andrade and Alfonso Rubbiani as opposites to John Ruskin on protection of our architectural cultural heritage. Ruskin supported the idea of conservation instead of restoration, in stark contrast with the practice of staging and reinventing the past, of which d'Andrade and Rubbiani are some of the major proponents in Italy. Although irreconcilable, the work of the latter does not appear to be totally indifferent to Ruskin’s assumptions. Starting from a critical selection of writings and restoration works, this paper offers a crosscutting analysis of these three scholars, focussing and interpreting the results of The Seven Lamps of Architecture. This is the opportunity to investigate the influence of Ruskin’s theories on d'Andrade and Rubbiani, to reflect on the dualism between imagination and deception in restoration and, finally, to revitalize the legacy of an influential scholar and one of the forefathers of European conservation culture.

BIAGI MAINO D., CASSANI SIMONETTI M., MALTONI A. (a cura di), Architettura tra le due guerre. La Casa del Mutilato di Ancona, Edifir, Firenze 2019, 2019

Il futuro del patrimonio del XX secolo è al centro del dibattito disciplinare relativo al restaur... more Il futuro del patrimonio del XX secolo è al centro del dibattito disciplinare relativo al restauro architettonico e pone questioni teorico-pratiche tuttora aperte. La vicenda della Casa del Mutilato di Ancona ne è un esempio emblematico: espressione della sperimentazione architettonica e urbanistica condotta a partire dagli anni Venti, l’edificio – costruito per supportare i mutilati e gli invalidi di guerra – è stato più volte trasformato per adattarlo ai nuovi usi e, infine, abbandonato. Solo recentemente, un’iniziativa bottom-up promossa da comuni cittadini, interessati al suo futuro, sembra poter risollevare le sorti incerte di questa architettura. A partire dall’esperienza richiamata, l’intervento sviluppa una duplice riflessione: affronta e descrive le tematiche relative al restauro dell’architettura moderna, con particolare attenzione a quella del ventennio fascista, offrendo un quadro sullo stato dell’arte delle specifiche ricerche e sulle generali problematiche di conservazione e valorizzazione; e, con esplicito riferimento all’edificio anconetano, propone l’analisi dei materiali, delle tecniche costruttive e dello stato di conservazione, prefigurando le principali problematiche per un suo prossimo restauro ed evidenziando il ruolo essenziale delle comunità di patrimonio nel sostenere e trasmettere alle generazioni future un’eredità individuale e collettiva.

C.M. ENSS, L. MONZO (a cura di), Townscapes in Transition. Transformation and Reorganization of Italian Cities and Their Architecture in the Interwar Period, Transcript, Bielefeld 2019, pp. 185-202.

In the 1920s, the bases of contemporary architecture were being laid in America and in central Eu... more In the 1920s, the bases of contemporary architecture were being laid in America and in central Europe. Nevertheless, architectural interventions were still closely linked to 19th-century culture.
In the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna, this phenomenon can be observed in different historical squares: here, restoration works rediscovered, recovered or reinvented the stylistic features of an idealized past. As a matter of fact, squares were an ideal place to bring about and convey new political and moral contents by using that past, whose supposed meaning proved extremely useful for political propaganda and tourism. In Rimini, the destruction caused by the earthquake of 1916 presented a chance to recover the ‘medieval’ appearance of the Town Hall buildings surrounding Piazza Cavour; in Forlì, the Fascist regime redeveloped the Piazza Saffi in a ‘traditional’ way, reviving a glorious past through the restoration work.
Starting from the analysis and comparison of these case studies, this article considers the ideological and pragmatic dynamics that led, between the two World Wars, to the partial transformation of these two city centers in Romagna, and investigates the reasons behind this rewriting of the past as well as the relation between the new buildings and their historical context.

G. BISCONTIN, G. DRIUSSI (a cura di), Il patrimonio culturale in mutamento. Le sfide dell'uso, XXXV Convegno internazionale Scienza e Beni Culturali, Giornate di studi internazionali (Bressanone, 1-5 luglio 2019), Arcadia Ricerche, Marghera Venezia, 2019

In the last few years, Cultural Heritage has gradually moved from being an inactive and onerous i... more In the last few years, Cultural Heritage has gradually moved from being an inactive and onerous inheritance to a driving force for new regenerative processes capable of catalysing sustainable development in the historic city, supported by an economy focused on culture and creativity. This is the perspective of the EU-funded project implemented by the Emilia-Romagna Region under the POR-FESR 2014-2020 Programme. To enhance the cultural attractions of urban identity while increasing the inclusiveness and participation, this programme faces the challenge of the use of heritage. The idea is to set up 10 living labs, located inside 10 historic buildings, abandoned or underused, by transforming them into creative and cultural hubs, which not only put the building back into use but innervate their activity inside the historic city. The 10 buildings are set in the consolidated fabric of as many cities in the region: revived, the goods are transformed first into architectural restoration sites then into sites of ideas to rethink the urban space with the support of ICT and the collaboration of citizens, local stakeholders, universities and public administration. In relation to the context outlined, the paper aims to read the phenomenon of reuse linked to the living labs under the lens of restoration at different scales – from the identification of artefacts to technical solutions adopted for functional recovery, from the choice of tools of technological innovation to the first experiments of unconventional use. The objective is to verify the role of the creative economy in the processes of change of the architectural and urban structure and estimate the actual contribution to the construction of an identity of the dynamic city, still rooted in the memory of places.

The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2019

The research here presented reflects on the potentials of enhancement, given by new Information a... more The research here presented reflects on the potentials of enhancement, given by new Information and Communication technologies, in the field of Culture Heritage. It describes an interpretation and communication project for a military landscape built during World War II by the German troops. Known as Galla Placidia Line, it was a network of heterogeneous fortifications like bunkers, defensive emplacements and dragon's teeth erected between Pesaro and Ravenna along the coasts of Emilia Romagna. The project bases its roots on the development of a rigorous census, thought as an implementation of the online open-source catalogue established by the entrusted Institutions. The direct and indirect surveys required in order to describe these structures according to a specific set of characteristics will increase their knowledge and relative awareness and it will constitute the starting point for developing new narrative contents. The communication and interpretation of these data will go through the use of locating intelligences-an integrated GPS and Beacon system-involved into a new application. A tool witch is meant to help and empower local communities and institutions not only in making this heritage known but also in its conservation policies.

"recupero&conservazione", 152, 2019

Nell’investigare nuovi significati del dualismo know-how/show-how, l’articolo riflette sul ruolo ... more Nell’investigare nuovi significati del dualismo know-how/show-how, l’articolo riflette sul ruolo e sull’importanza delle tecnologie di comunicazione per l’intervento sulla preesistenza storica. L’analisi di alcuni noti restauri e delle relative vicende mediatiche offre l’occasione per esaminare processi e strumenti informativi chiamati a veicolare i contenuti del progetto, interrogarsi sulla loro efficacia in relazione alle istanze della disciplina, nonché ricercare spazi e modi di divulgazione capaci di trasferire conoscenza e contribuire concretamente alla tutela del patrimonio.

The dualism know-how/show-how comprises different features and reading keys. This second article reflects on the role and importance of the "ICT" - Information and Communication Technologies for the intervention on historical pre-existence. The analysis of some well-known restoration works and the related media events offers the opportunity to examine processes and information tools for conveying the project contents, to question their effectiveness concerning the issues of the discipline, as well as to investigate ways of dissemination leading concretely to the transferability of knowledge and protection of Cultural Heritage.

"recupero&conservazione", 151, 2019

Giocando sui termini di know-how e show-how, il contributo approfondisce il ruolo della comunicaz... more Giocando sui termini di know-how e show-how, il contributo approfondisce il ruolo della comunicazione nell'intervento sulla preesistenza. L'analisi di alcuni noti restauri offre l'opportunità di riflettere su autorialità e anonimato del progetto, interrogandosi sulle conseguenze del processo di associazione autore-opera per la disseminazione della cultura del restauro.

By playing on the terms of know-how and show-how, the paper reflects on the importance of communicating the intervention on historical pre-existence. The analysis of some well-known restoration works offers the opportunity to reflect upon the authorship and anonymity of the project, trying to underline the positive consequences of associating well-conduced intervention to specific names and technicians for the dissemination of the culture of restoration.

F. CAPANO, M.I. PASCARIELLO, M. VISONE (a cura di), La Città Altra/The Other City, VIII Convegno Internazionale CIRICE (Napoli, 25-27 ottobre 2018), Federico II University Press, Napoli 2018, 2018

Il castello nasce, storicamente, come entità di natura urbanistica ancora prima che architettonic... more Il castello nasce, storicamente, come entità di natura urbanistica ancora prima che architettonica. La sua relazione con la struttura fisica e l’immagine della città si afferma al momento dell’edificazione e si conferma nei secoli stabilendo forme di interdipendenza in continua evoluzione. A Rimini, il binomio castello-città offre l’occasione per descrivere i diversi volti che assume il paesaggio costruito in più di cinquecento anni di storia.

Historically, the castle’s structure has always been more urban than architectural. Its connection with the physical structure and outlook of the city gets clear already at the time of its construction and continues over the centuries, constantly developing new types of interdependence. In Rimini, the castle-city duo offers the opportunity to describe the different landscapes that have been built in more than five hundred years of history.

R. AMOÊDA, S. LIRA, C. PINHEIRO, J.M.S. ZARAGOZA, J.C. SERRANO, F.G. CARRILLO (ed), HERITAGE 2018, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development (Granada, 12-15 June 2018), Green Lines Institute for Sustainable Development, Barcelos 2018, 2018

In the contemporary society, not only the traditional fields, as for example history or art, are ... more In the contemporary society, not only the traditional fields, as for example history or art, are affirming theirselves as propulsive factors for cultural tourism, but also more popularly spread issues are revealing their force: myths, legends and above all cinema and TV shows. Therefore, it’s not coincidence that a lot of monuments and historical cities had suddenly become worldwide known and visited by the masses. It proves how these forces can hugely increase the tourist flows, modify the perception of these places and even influence the conservation strategies. Starting from the analysis of some case studies, the paper would like to reflect upon the dynamics generated by this kind of tourism, evaluating its limits, looking for good management policies and trying to understand how the restoration approach could or should not answer this kind of tourists’ expectation, in order to establish a balance between conservation and economic issues.

"ArcHistoR", 9, 2018

After the armistice, the threat of an Allied landing on the Italian coasts of Romagna, north of t... more After the armistice, the threat of an Allied landing on the Italian coasts of Romagna, north of the Gothic Line, spread among the German Army. This danger led to a real arms race, as it would have offered free access to the heart of the Third Reich. What ensued was therefore the organization of a strong line of defence consisting of bunkers, defensive emplacements and structures like dragon’s teeth. The landing, however, never took place and it turned out to be part of a deception strategy.
At the end of the war the bunkers were largely destroyed, silted or covered by sand; since then only some of them have been reused as storages or warehouses. As rejected ruins they were never perceived as cultural heritage, but nowadays they offer the opportunity to reflect on their destiny.

"recupero&conservazione", 146, 2018

Saliceto Castle stands along the ancient Via del Sale (Salt road), in the province of Cuneo, in s... more Saliceto Castle stands along the ancient Via del Sale (Salt road), in the province of Cuneo, in southwestern Piedmont, Italy. Probably built between the twelfth and the thirteenth century AD, the structure shows today the stratigraphic signs of several and subsequent rearrangements, whose fundamental stages can still be observed: the defensive medieval phase, the Renaissance changes, the loss of the fourth corner tower, the restoration works of the early 2000s, the recent and unexpected abandonment.
Starting from the current state of the building, this paper traces back the main events in the castle’s history of the last twenty years, focusing on what happened "the day after" the restoration, stressing the effectiveness of the whole project, and investigating the cultural response after the closing of the worksite. Finally, in the light of changed circumstances, the paper reflects on the impact of social, political and economic forces on the redevelopment project, underlining the need to closely combine the conservation actions with the management and maintenance processes of the recently restored – as in this specific case – built heritage.

"Costruire in Laterizio", 174, Mar 2018

Galli Theatre in Rimini was built in 1857 by the papal architect Luigi Poletti, upon the pre-exis... more Galli Theatre in Rimini was built in 1857 by the papal architect Luigi Poletti, upon the pre-existence of a seventeenth-century bakery. The theatre was partially destroyed during World War II, but in the aftermath the Minister of Public Works established that it was not a priority, hindering the reconstruction process. At first the citizens quietly accepted this decision because the theatre represented the bourgeois from which they wanted to distance themselves, but in recent times the building has assumed a different meaning in the construction of the new identity of the city. For this reason a group of intellectuals, supported by several citizens, has asked for a reconstruction “as it was, where it was”. Despite a design contest won by a contemporary project and the hypocrisy of the precept, the Public Administration has however decided to follow and accomplish the popular will and to develop a project aimed at this purpose.
The analysis of the brick masonries makes possible to retrace the complex phases of the theatre, starting form the pre-existence, till the last intervention. Here the structural idea is completely inverted: the bricks become a cladding applied on a reinforced concrete frame, innovative technologies and materials are diffusely used. The result is a very interesting high performance XXI-century building, but those who were hoping to revive the ancient theatre will discover how – inevitably – this will be only its representation.

G. BISCONTIN, G. DRIUSSI (a cura di), Intervenire sulle superfici dell'architettura tra bilanci e prospettive, XXXIV Convegno internazionale Scienza e Beni Culturali, Giornate di studi (Bressanone, 3-6 luglio 2018), Arcadia Ricerche, Marghera Venezia 2018, 2018

The outbreak of the Second World War and the awareness of the destructive power reached by the ar... more The outbreak of the Second World War and the awareness of the destructive power reached by the armaments drove the engineers of the German army to test, as never before, the potentialities of reinforced concrete for the construction of more and more resistant permanent fortifications. Bunkers, as main linchpins of this complex defensive system, were carefully codified in the form according to ballistic reasons, but they were equally codified in their material and constructive features. At the end of the war several were deliberately destroyed, others were occasionally reused, some of them were simply abandoned and forgot, while few of them has recently captured the attentions of local associations of volunteers.
Thanks to the analysis of Italian and French experiences, the paper aims at reflecting upon the conservation of the concrete surfaces typical of this German engineering works. In the awareness of how superficial treatments can influence the interpretation of the object and its relationship with the landscape, the purpose is therefore to verify the outcomes of the solutions adopted, to investigate the consequences of the valorisation strategies at the expenses of the preservation of signs, as well as to indentify critical issues and good practices.

G. BISCONTIN, G. DRIUSSI (a cura di), Le nuove frontiere del restauro. Trasferimenti, Contaminazioni, Ibridazioni, XXXIII Convegno internazionale Scienza e Beni Culturali, Giornate di studi (Bressanone, 27-30 giugno 2017), Arcadia Ricerche, Marghera Venezia 2017, 2017

Nowadays, there are some places and buildings seeming without significance and architectural qual... more Nowadays, there are some places and buildings seeming without significance and architectural quality. They are the bunker and the air raid shelters realized during the dark years of the World War II, in order to defend lands and to protect people. Neglected, destroyed, and sometimes reused as storages and warehouse at the end of the war, these objects testify a recent past whose memory risk to be lost because of a juridical condition, avoiding a legal protection.
What this research is based on, it is the purpose of borrowing a methodological approach from the best practices of the restoration. This intention is shared with local administrations and associations and it will allow the best conditions of use, management and valorisation of these architectures, addressing the practices towards the best conservative and maintenance purposes. From this point of view, the experiences of the German bunkers erected along the Adriatic Coast from Pesaro to the Po River and the air-raid shelters built in Cesena represent the very first chance to test and verify the validity of this method and subsequently to reflect upon the possibility of extending it to other similar systems.

R. AMOÊDA, S. LIRA, C. PINHEIRO (ed.), REHAB 2017, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Preservation, Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings and Structures (Braga, 14-16 June 2017), Green Lines Institute for Sustainable Development, Barcelos 2017, 2017

Building bridges has always been one of the most inspiring technological and engineering challeng... more Building bridges has always been one of the most inspiring technological and engineering challenges for the constructors of our cities, but its role in connecting physically divided places has immediately become a metaphor for the building of deep relationships between different contexts or even cultures. Over the centuries, the opportunity to deny the passage to enemy troops has made the destruction of this element a “privileged” instrument of war, but the ability in creating a cultural caesura in communities has significantly increased its power. Therefore, the destruction of a bridge, especially if deliberate, does not represent a mere break, but it can be regarded as an inner wound that needs to be healed. It can turn out to be a symbol of rebirth, a strong possibility to re-establish the thread of continuity between different peoples and, broadly speaking, also between the past and the future.

F. MARIANO, M.P. SETTE, E. VASSALLO (a cura di), Ricerca in-formazione, VI sezione di RICerca/REStauro (coordinamento D. Fiorani), I Convegno nazionale SIRA (Roma, 26-27 settembre 2016), Edizioni Quasar, Roma 2017, 2017

Reflecting on the restoration of fortified buildings in Italy would not be possible without analy... more Reflecting on the restoration of fortified buildings in Italy would not be possible without analysing the work carried out by Piero Gazzola, who ended up writing an essential chapter in its history. The issue of castle preservation took on a new meaning and approach from the second half of the last century. Within an intense historical context, Gazzola drew the attention of the cultural milieu back to the very delicate matter of defence buildings, which sank into oblivion long ago: he cast light on the conditions of the remains of fortifications, began to raise awareness as regards castles, and initiated a systematic and scientifically sound approach towards conservation-related issues. Through the critical reading of the author’s writings and of the existing literature, the study focuses on the impact that the development of a new sectoral approach in the second half of the twentieth century – in which Gazzola played a key role – had on this particular category of ancient buildings. What comes out is a new scenario in the field of castle protection.
The paper explores the role, the significance and, last but not least, the topicality of Piero Gazzola’s contribution to the protection of the fortified heritage, and provides the first results of a wider-ranging ongoing study that is being carried out within the PhD in Architecture at the University of Bologna, whose aim is to verify their validity and vitality in relation to the main theoretical and operational issues dealing with the interventions on former defence buildings.

GRIMOLDI A., ZAMPILLI M. (a cura di), Restauro: Conoscenza, Progetto, Cantiere, Gestione. Sezione 4.2: Realizzazione degli interventi. Casi studio, Quasar, Roma 2020, 2020

"International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics", 2019

"International Journal of Architectural Heritage", 11, 2019

"L'Ufficio Tecnico", 4, 2019

"Restauro Archeologico", special issue, 2019

BIAGI MAINO D., CASSANI SIMONETTI M., MALTONI A. (a cura di), Architettura tra le due guerre. La Casa del Mutilato di Ancona, Edifir, Firenze 2019, 2019

C.M. ENSS, L. MONZO (a cura di), Townscapes in Transition. Transformation and Reorganization of Italian Cities and Their Architecture in the Interwar Period, Transcript, Bielefeld 2019, pp. 185-202.

The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2019

"recupero&conservazione", 152, 2019

"recupero&conservazione", 151, 2019

F. CAPANO, M.I. PASCARIELLO, M. VISONE (a cura di), La Città Altra/The Other City, VIII Convegno Internazionale CIRICE (Napoli, 25-27 ottobre 2018), Federico II University Press, Napoli 2018, 2018

"ArcHistoR", 9, 2018

"recupero&conservazione", 146, 2018

"Costruire in Laterizio", 174, Mar 2018

L’acciaio corten, moderna lega metallica di derivazione industriale, è da tempo diventato uno str... more L’acciaio corten, moderna lega metallica di derivazione industriale, è da tempo diventato uno strumento privilegiato nella ricerca artistica e architettonica. Grazie alla sua eccezionale capacità di resistenza alla corrosione, alla ridotta necessità di manutenzione e, soprattutto, a un valore estetico in grado di stabilire rapporti consonanti tra antico e nuovo, esso è uno dei materiali più diffusi nei progetti destinati a confrontarsi con contesti preesistenti. Il notevole successo riscosso e il frequente accostamento ad àmbiti segnati da grande fragilità suscitano peraltro una riflessione circa la sua conservazione nella longue durée e la sua effettiva compatibilità in relazione alla materia storica. Analizzando le specificità del materiale e la sua interazione con l’ambiente, approfondendo le soluzioni tecniche adottate e cogliendone le ragioni di fondo, il presente volume indaga le effettive potenzialità e i limiti intrinseci dell’acciaio corten, nella dimensione operativa di una serie di interventi emblematici.

Il volume raccoglie una selezione di scritti, redatti dall’ingegner Dino Palloni tra la metà degl... more Il volume raccoglie una selezione di scritti, redatti dall’ingegner Dino Palloni tra la metà degli anni Ottanta e il 2011, sulle architetture fortificate italiane dalla fine dell’Alto Medioevo alle soglie del Cinquecento. I ventotto contributi che compongono l’antologia si articolano in due sezioni: la prima, dedicata ai testi di carattere generale, illustra "Forme, modi, aspetti tecnici delle fortificazioni tra X e XVI secolo", mentre la seconda, riferita a specifiche realtà castellane dell’Italia del centro-nord, raggruppa una serie di "Contributi monografici" che analizzano gli edifici difensivi secondo modalità per lo più descrittivo-funzionali e tipologiche. Il criterio adottato per ordinare la raccolta tende a ricalcare l’organizzazione del sito www.icastelli.org, ideato da Dino Palloni nel 2004. Questo permette al lettore di comprendere non solo le linee di ricerca, ma anche la crescita scientifica nonché la maturazione culturale dell’ingegnere. L’elenco completo delle pubblicazioni dell’autore conclude il volume ed è affiancato da una ricca bibliografia ragionata di argomento castellano. Le difficoltà e i rischi legati alla conservazione delle informazioni depositate in ambiente digitale hanno suggerito oggi la tradizionale riedizione di alcune di queste su carta stampata nella speranza che, divulgandole e per certi versi tutelandole, fungano da incentivo a nuove ricerche nel campo dell’architettura fortificata.

A. UGOLINI, F. DELIZIA, Strappati all’oblio. Strategie per la conservazione di un luogo di memoria del secondo Novecento: l’ex Campo di Fossoli, Altralinea Edizioni, Firenze 2017, 2017

Il contributo contiene una selezione degli strumenti operativi (scheda anagrafica; scheda ispetti... more Il contributo contiene una selezione degli strumenti operativi (scheda anagrafica; scheda ispettiva; report) attraverso i quali gli autori si propongono di attuare strategie per la conservazione preventiva e programmata del Campo di Fossoli, nella sua duplice componente architettonica e vegetale. I materiali sono riferiteti alla baracca 4.1 del settore “politici”.

A. UGOLINI, F. DELIZIA, Strappati all’oblio. Strategie per la conservazione di un luogo di memoria del secondo Novecento: l’ex Campo di Fossoli, Altralinea Edizioni, Firenze 2017, 2017

TECHNICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE ACTIVE PRESERVATION OF THE SITE. The essential condition for la... more TECHNICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE ACTIVE PRESERVATION OF THE SITE. The essential condition for launching a constant and permanent process for preserving the buildings at the Fossoli camp is planning. Current regulations and field literature define planning as the combination of measures needed to prevent and/ or reverse the deterioration and neglect that endangers or could endanger existing assets. Planning is therefore responsible for clarifying the type of checks required (visual, empirical, instrument-based), the timescale (bimonthly, quarterly, biannual, annual), the priority of repairs (not urgent, slight urgency, moderate urgency, extreme urgency) and the technical/scientific responsibility for the project. This realistically ensures that conservation work will be arranged, whilst taking into account, above all, the economic and human resources available both in the long and short term. Based on the recommendations gathered during research carried out with the first safety improvements on the pilot worksite huts (8, 4.1 and 14.5), this study attempted to provide initial recommendations that were not designed to be obligatory regulations, but rather tools for orienting planning. They were established both as regards the buildings and the landscape elements. Listed according to the amount of work required, the latter provided interesting ground for comparison and experimentation, helping to develop an increasing awareness of the issue of preventative and planned conservation.
THE ACTIVE PRESERVATION OF THE BUILDINGS. Starting with the entries in the annotated chart of problems and dangerous conditions, an operational methodology was developed, aimed at maximising the preservation of what still survives of the old buildings, without denying the essential role that vegetation and ruins now play in defining the camp’s current image. In particular, the work to be carried out on the following elements was specified in detail: rubble, masonry structures, roofs, indoor partitions, cladding, flooring, paving, thresholds, pavements, plasterwork, the writings left behind by those who had been deported and fixtures and fittings.

A. UGOLINI, F. DELIZIA, Strappati all’oblio. Strategie per la conservazione di un luogo di memoria del secondo Novecento: l’ex Campo di Fossoli, Altralinea Edizioni, Firenze 2017, 2017

Players, tools and work phases. PLAYERS. The Conservation Plan combines the monitoring and assess... more Players, tools and work phases.
PLAYERS. The Conservation Plan combines the monitoring and assessment activities that are required, given the permanence of the technological elements that have survived in the Fossoli camp. The planning and coordination of these activities is entrusted to the Scientific Director, who is also responsible for supervising the selection and training of both the specialised and non-specialised workers involved in the entire process. A number of professionals have been called in on the basis of their skills to carry out inspection, monitoring and conservation work at regular intervals on both the buildings (an expert in restoration and structures [A_RS], an expert in construction practices [A_E] and a non specialised worker [A_NS]) and the landscape (an expert in plant diseases and insects [V_F], an expert botanist [V_B], an expert in pruning and garden maintenance [V_SP] and a non-specialised worker [V_NS]).
PHASES AND TOOLS. A) The preliminary worker training and study phase. The study and training phase is essential for establishing the approach to the inspection process. This involves: 1. Compiling a fact sheet. Drafted for each hut, this serves as its ‘identity card’. The fact sheet lists the details, both visual and text-based, regarding the building: name, location, history and evolution, layout features and construction technology. 2. The drafting of two charts designed to be work aids, used to list, in an organised and systematic way, the most important and widespread problems that are endangering, or could endanger, the camp’s buildings and landscape. More specifically, these are: – An annotated chart of problems and dangerous conditions, which identifies the most dangerous phenomena of deterioration and damage affecting each technological element of each hut: foundations [FN], masonry [MR], roofs [CP], floors [SL], outdoor paving [PE], indoor flooring [PI], external fixtures and fittings [FE], interior fixtures and fittings [FI], technological devices and systems [IM]; – A chart noting vegetation and building interaction, which focuses on the most dangerous situations from the point of view of conservation that have developed in ruined areas featuring the uncontrolled growth of plants: vegetation along the bottom of walls, visible roots, tree trunks pushing against masonry, tree crowns resting on masonry, tree trunks and branches holding up the structure, climbers, naturalisation. B) Worksite phases. The study and training phase is followed by the worksite phase. Conducted under the constant supervision of the Scientific Director, this envisages the compilation of an inspection sheet, drafted for each architectural and landscape component. Both begin by identifying the essential data needed to identify and catalogue these elements in future – inspection sheet number, inspection date, name of workers – and go on to describe inspection motives, conditions and methods. Once this preliminary information has been provided, the inspection sheet lists each individual problem with a clear reference to the phenomena listed in the charts, where the gravity, quantity, urgency and responsibility of workers are all estimated. The information included in the inspection sheet is illustrated in a visual attached to it. C) Data interpretation. Once worksite activities are completed, the data interpretation phase begins. This takes the data and uses it to draft a report, which also individually lists the camp’s architectural and landscape components. The analyses carried out in situ are organised and both the preventative work and recommended improvements are listed, as well as the experts involved and timescales. The report is drafted in such way that each entry is associated with a detailed visual that creates a true photographic archive, which is essential for the comparative interpretation of the inspections carried out over time.

A. UGOLINI, F. DELIZIA, Strappati all'oblio. Strategie per la conservazione di un luogo di memoria del secondo Novecento: l'ex Campo di Fossoli, Altralinea Edizioni, Firenze 2017, 2017

So as to understand the complexity of what remains. The Fossoli camp: construction, evolution, st... more So as to understand the complexity of what remains. The Fossoli camp: construction, evolution, status quo.
STRATIFIED MATTER.
1942-1943: building of the camp. In 1942, an area suitable for building POW camp no.73 (PG 73) is identified in Fossoli. Known from then on as Campo Vecchio (the ‘old camp’) or Camp no.1, the complex featured four sectors that contained 93 huts. The requirements of a quick and cheap construction phase resulted in simple buildings: rectangular, one-storey units with masonry walls and wooden trusses. However, the arrival of its prisoners before construction work had been completed imposed the creation of a second detention centre, which initially consisted of tents and only later was built in masonry. Known as Campo Nuovo (‘the new camp’) or Camp no.2, it was divided into three sectors, within which a whole series of buildings were constructed, only slightly different from those of the adjacent area.
1943-1945: the war years. From 1943 to 1945, the Polizei und Durchgangslager (Dulag 152), the General Bevollmachtigte Fur Den Arbeitseinsatz (or ‘Gathering and Sorting Centre for Forced Labour’), the Fascist concentration camp and the Foreign Refugee Centre were all based at the camp. The simplicity of the buildings and the alternating and dishonourable uses to which the camp was put made preservation of both complexes difficult. At the end of the war, the old camp was demolished (1945) and the new camp was abandoned (1946).
1947-1952: Nomadelfia. In 1947, thanks to the work of a parish priest, Fr. Zeno Saltini, the Opera Piccoli Apostoli di San Giacomo in Roncole was granted a transfer to Fossoli. The new settlement, known as the Community of Nomadelfia, inaugurated a profound rebirth: the symbols of oppression were removed and renovation work was carried out on both the buildings – roofs were repaired, walls were cut and replastered, windows and doors replaced, new fixtures and fittings added – and the open spaces, with the redesign of the outdoor layout and a planting programme. In 1952, the Nomadelfia period came to an end for a variety of reasons.
1954-1970: Villaggio San Marco. In 1954, the Julian-Dalmatian refugee assistance organisation of Rome transferred a hundred or so families from Istria to the camp at Fossoli: this marked the beginning of Villaggio San Marco. This new purpose required the creation of new divisions and new decor – mostly stencilled – inside dwellings and the conversion of hut no.9 into a church. In 1970, the camp was almost entirely abandoned.
1970-2004: Dereliction. Many decades followed, during which the precarious state of the buildings rendered them unable to resist the signs of neglect.
WORN-OUT MATTER.
In the years that followed the Villaggio San Marco period, the camp rapidly became derelict. The commendable work of the Fondazione ex Campo di Fossoli (the Fossoli Foundation), founded in 1996, only managed to halt part of the deterioration and collapse, which worsened in 2012 due to earthquakes and heavy snowfall. To date, apart from hut 14.1, which was reconstructed in keeping with its original state in 2004, the camp can be grouped according to three different states of conservation: one where huts still have a proportion of their walls and limited sections of roof, a similar group with remains of roofs and a third group with only fragments of wall. The analysis and comprehension of the surviving remains is the conditio sine qua non for their hoped-for survival.

M. LUPPI, P. TAMASSIA (a cura di), Il Museo Monumento al Deportato politico e razziale di Carpi e l’ex Campo di Fossoli, Bononia University Press, Bologna 2016, 2016

L'ex campo di Fossoli, che i più inevitabilmente legano alla fase di prigionia e deportazione, è ... more L'ex campo di Fossoli, che i più inevitabilmente legano alla fase di prigionia e deportazione, è in realtà un complesso microcosmo di storie che spesso si intrecciano e si confondono. Il contributo, grazie ad alcune schede di approfondimento relative alle baracche più significative ricostruisce un excursus delle principali trasformazioni subite nel tempo e costituisce uno strumento di lettura e interpretazione di quei segni del tempo che ancora oggi la fragile materia conserva.

F. DELIZIA, C. DI FRANCESCO, S. DI RESTA, M. PRETELLI (a cura di), La Casa del Fascio di Predappio nel panorama del restauro dell’architettura contemporanea. Contributi per aiutare a scegliere, Bononia University Press, Bologna 2015, 2015

Tra i temi più complessi che contraddistinguono l’intervento sull’esistente, vi è senza dubbio qu... more Tra i temi più complessi che contraddistinguono l’intervento sull’esistente, vi è senza dubbio quello dell’uso. Fondamentale parametro di conservazione, l’uso non solo testimonia la rinnovata vitalità del monumento nel presente ma ne favorisce la permanenza nel futuro. Nel caso delle architetture di regime, il ritorno all’uso assume declinazioni di rara difficoltà: segnate da un radicale processo di damnatio memoriae, le sedi del partito alternano vicende di abuso a episodi di disuso ai quali, solo recentemente, si sono affiancati apprezzabili tentativi di riuso. Il saggio, attraverso l’analisi di alcuni interventi realizzati in territorio italiano, si interroga sulle possibilità di conservazione attiva delle Case del Fascio evidenziandone limiti e benefici.

Eclettiche e di impronta storicista, le prime Case del Fascio evolvono rapidamente verso un nuovo... more Eclettiche e di impronta storicista, le prime Case del Fascio evolvono rapidamente verso un nuovo paradigma compositivo-formale: essenzialità, rigore, ritmo, severità sono i termini del rinnovato linguaggio architettonico di regime. Nel ricco ed eterogeneo panorama che contraddistingue la produzione del Ventennio, la Casa del Fascio di Predappio rappresenta un episodio di non trascurabile rilevanza. Il saggio, puntualizzati i criteri di articolazione e le implicazioni ideologiche poste alla base della progettazione delle nuove sedi Littorie, descrive la soluzione elaborata dall’ingegner Arnaldo Fuzzi per la città natia del Duce ed evidenzia le relazioni che legano inscindibilmente architettura e politica, forma e potere.

A. UGOLINI (a cura di), Rocche e castelli tra Romagna e Montefeltro. Progetti ed interventi di restauro, Alinea, Firenze 2012, 2012

In 1923 a Regional fascist Committee decided to offer the Rocca of Caminate to a rising Benito Mu... more In 1923 a Regional fascist Committee decided to offer the Rocca of Caminate to a rising Benito Mussolini. According to this propaganda drive, the ancient ruins of the fortress was revived as the Dux’s castle, giving life to a new symbol of the great leader’s origin. Being an eminent chief, involved coming from a land of strength and honour, for this reason coming up to the press and critic expectations was, for the project, absolutely required. The superintendent Luigi Corsini, charged with all the phases of the restoration (relief, design, supervision), achieved an interesting and complex project, thanks to his education, to the historical setting and to his contemporary cultural debate. The project proceeded from both the philological and stylistic restoration theories, and reached a brought back image of a medieval crenellated fortress. An accurate acknowledgement, the direct understanding of the monument, and the possibility to recognize what was added from what was there before, perfectly fitted with filological restoration theories. To set value on the technical elements, to look for similar buildings to use as model and, above all, to choose “a priori” a style for the completions are typical approaches of the stylistic restoration. After all, Corsini had a heterogeneous background. Works started on September 1924 and he decided to complete the ruins of the surrounding walls and the still standing portion of the central tower with Guelph battlements, while a new summer residence was rebuilt, rising from the castellan’s house foundations. At the end a lighthouse was placed on the top of the central tower: its light was celebrated everywhere as a sign of the Mussolini’s power, spread on his homeland.

DELIZIA, C. DI FRANCESCO, S. DI RESTA, M. PRETELLI (a cura di), La Casa del Fascio di Predappio nel panorama del restauro dell’architettura contemporanea. Contributi per aiutare a scegliere, Bononia University Press, Bologna 2015, 2015

Il restauro dell’architettura fonda la sua ragione di validità nell’approfondita conoscenza della... more Il restauro dell’architettura fonda la sua ragione di validità nell’approfondita conoscenza della fabbrica, conoscenza che non può escludere i delicati aspetti impiantistici.
La Casa del Fascio di Predappio, non solo rappresenta uno dei luoghi più significativi per la storia degli edifici di regime, ma segna un importante capitolo del graduale processo di integrazione tra architettura e impianti, destinato a tradurre in forma costruita l’idea di “macchina per abitare”. Il saggio, a partire dall’analisi dei diversi sistemi impiantistici ancora leggibili, si interroga sulle loro possibilità di conservazione e sul potenziale ritorno all’uso. Consapevole del ruolo distruttivo della componente impiantistica nell’intervento sull’esistente, la riflessione propone la ricerca di un nuovo benessere che può dirsi non solo fisico ma culturale.