Andrei Negin | Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod (original) (raw)
Books by Andrei Negin
The book is dedicated to one of the most unique archaeological finds of the Nizhny Novgorod Volga... more The book is dedicated to one of the most unique archaeological finds of the Nizhny Novgorod Volga region - a rich military helmet decorated with gilded ornaments, which was found and stored in the city of Gorodets. There are many mysteries associated with the helmet, which the author reflects on.
This is the second revised and expanded edition of the book, which includes new radiographic and metallographic data on the helmet, as well as new, more detailed drawings of the images on the helmet.
The book is addressed to local historians, historians, students, and anyone interested in the past of the Nizhny Novgorod region and its subject culture.
Bibliographic description:
Negin A.E. Helmet from Gorodets. 2nd ed. Nizhny Novgorod: Litera, 2024. 144 p.
This is a very time-consuming project, during which the collections of the museums of the Nizhny ... more This is a very time-consuming project, during which the collections of the museums of the Nizhny Novgorod region were studied and all the items of defensive armament were identified. Also took into account items found on the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod region, but turned out to be in the collections of other museums. In addition, the catalog was supplemented with defensive armament from private collections, which were transferred to various museums in Nizhny Novgorod. The chronological framework covers Ancient and Medieval armour, but also considers the ethnographic armour. Most of the items are published for the first time! The volume of the book is full color 144 pages, most of which is occupied by an illustrated catalog of armour with a description and color photographs. The book also presents the author's graphic reconstructions of the most interesting items of defensive armament.
В этой книге рассматриваются различные аспекты и традиции повседневной жизни римской армии в конт... more В этой книге рассматриваются различные аспекты и традиции повседневной жизни римской армии в контексте социальной, политической и культурной истории римской державы I в. до н. э. - III в. н. э.
Подробно освещаются армейские будни и праздники, различные виды строительной деятельности, административно-полицейские функции, служебная рутина, учения и тренировки, повседневный быт и развлечения римских солдат, воссоздается как материальная среда, в которой существовало и действовало воинское сообщество, так и внутренние и внешние социальные связи, семейные и межличностные отношения, правовой и общественный статус, доходы и привилегии, корпоративная и групповая идентичность римских военных, характерная для них картина мира, система ценностей и социальная психология, религиозные верования.
Для изложения всех этих аспектов наряду с литературными и юридическими источниками широко используются свидетельства надписей и папирусов, археологические данные, изобразительные памятники. При интерпретации материалов источников учитываются результаты новейших исследований по истории римской военной организации в эпоху принципата.
Osprey publishing, 2020
In the twilight of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th–6th centuries, the elite of the field armi... more In the twilight of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th–6th centuries, the elite of the field armies was the heavy armoured cavalry – the cataphracts, clad in lamellar, scale, mail and padded fabric armour. After the fall of the West, the Greek-speaking Eastern or Byzantine Empire survived for nearly a thousand years, and cavalry remained predominant in its armies, with the heaviest armoured regiments continuing to provide the ultimate shock-force in battle.
Accounts from Muslim chroniclers show that the ironclad cataphract on his armoured horse was an awe-inspiring enemy: '...they advanced against you, iron-covered – one would have said that they advanced on horses which seemed to have no legs'. This new study, replete with stunning full-colour illustrations of the various units, offers an engaging insight into the fearsome heavy cavalry units that battled against the enemies of Rome's Eastern Empire.
"Фонд "Русские Витязи"", 2020
Книга посвящена эволюции римского декорированного доспеха в эпоху принципата. Это первое масштабн... more Книга посвящена эволюции римского декорированного доспеха в эпоху принципата. Это первое масштабное исследование римских доспехов на русском языке, являющееся плодом двадцатилетних изысканий автора.
Изучение античного оружия и его декора в свете современных подходов не может ограничиваться только рассмотрением эволюции самого комплекса вооружения, но предполагает обращение к таким актуальным общеисторическим вопросам, как древние технологии, кросс-культурные коммуникации, ценностные представления, идеология и религия военнослужащих. Несмотря на довольно значительное количество специальных работ, посвящённых этой категории вооружения, исследования сосредоточены на узкой группе предметов, которые выделяются как применявшиеся только на парадах и в конных упражнениях. Прочее декорированное римское вооружение остаётся вне пристального внимания исследователей, в силу чего декор римского доспеха не рассматривается как целостная семантическая система, связанная с функциональным предназначением предметов вооружения и отражающая идеологию и ценностные представления римских военных. Однако только такое изучение римского декорированного доспеха позволяет уточнить хронологию археологических памятников, провести детальное сравнение сохранившихся артефактов с иконографическими материалами и данными письменных источников, выявить взаимодействие и взаимовлияние различных этнокультурных традиций в истории Римской державы.
На основе изучения археологических находок выявлена семантика декора доспехов и её связь с религиозно-идеологическими аспектами мировоззрения римских военнослужащих, а также рассмотрены технологические аспекты производства предметов декорированного вооружения.
Все римские декорированные доспехи эпохи принципата следует рассматривать в комплексе, поскольку большая часть всего защитного вооружения была богато украшена, а также имела общий круг сюжетов, изображавшихся на нём, вне зависимости от его назначения.
Декор доспехов эпохи принципата был связан с религиозным мировоззрением римских военнослужащих. Его иконографический мир был крайне консервативен и мало изменялся на протяжении I–III вв. н. э. Его консервативность подтверждается устойчивостью образов и стилистикой их воплощения на сохранившихся декорированных доспехах, созданных в течение эпохи принципата. Книга снабжена множеством цветных иллюстраций, а также иллюстрированным каталогом находок, в котором учтены все известные находки римских декорированных доспехов на начало 2018 г.
Osprey publishing (Elite), 2020
by Raffaele D’Amato (Author), Andrey Negin (Illustrator) This book draws upon the latest research... more by Raffaele D’Amato (Author), Andrey Negin (Illustrator)
This book draws upon the latest research to identify, explain, and illustrate the standards used by the Roman armies of the Late Empire.
The Late Roman Empire was a period of significant change in the designs of standards and in the costumes of standard-bearers. During the middle decades of the chaotic 3rd century, evidence confirms the continued use of the old legionary eagle and the signa of the old cohorts and centuries, alongside flags and Imperial images. The two major trends over the later generations were the adoption of Christian symbols on standards (e.g. Constantine the Great's Chi-Rho), and the proliferation of different types of flags. This had begun in the late 2nd century with the adoption of the “barbarian” dragon standard, the windsock-shaped draco, which continued to be displayed, alongside various other flags in the Greek-speaking Eastern Empire, whose influence increased greatly. Meanwhile, the growing employment of foreign units was such that by the 5th century we have evidence of the use of Hunnic symbolism among a Roman general's suite of standards. The costumes of standard-bearers also evolved as “Persian” styles spread from Constantinople.
This title explores all these changes in depth, charting the development of various costumes and designs and the waxing and waning influence of various cultures and religious considerations. The text is supported by specially commissioned illustrations and artist's reconstructions of the standards and their bearers.
From the army of Marc Antony in the 1st century BC, Roman generals hired Oriental heavy armored c... more From the army of Marc Antony in the 1st century BC, Roman generals hired Oriental heavy armored cavalry to serve in their military alongside the legions. These troops, both from the northern steppes and the Persian frontiers, continued an ancient tradition of using heavy armor and long lances, and fought in a compact formation for maximum shock effect. They were quite distinct from conventional Roman light cavalry, and they served across the Empire, including in Britain. They became ever more important during the 3rd century wars against Parthia, both to counter their cavalry and to form a mobile strategic reserve.
Displaying these impressive and imposing cavalry units using vivid specially commissioned artwork, this first book in a two part series on Roman Heavy Cavalry examines their use over the Imperial period up to the fall of Western Empire in the 5th century A.D.
From the time of the Bronze Age, warriors of all tribes and nations sought to emblazon their arms... more From the time of the Bronze Age, warriors of all tribes and nations sought to emblazon their arms and armour with items and images to impress upon the enemy the wealth and power of the wearer. Magnificently decorated shields were as much a defensive necessity as a symbol of social status. Equally, decorative symbols on shields and armour defined the collective ideals and the self-conceived importance of the village or city-state its warriors represented.
Such items were therefore of great significance to the wearers, and the authors of this detailed and extensively researched book, have brought together years of research and the latest archaeological discoveries, to produce a work of undeniable importance.
Decorated Roman Armour is richly illustrated throughout, and as well as battlefield armour, details the tournament and parade armour from Rome's earliest days.
The author studies production of arms and armour for the Roman Imperial Army during the Principat... more The author studies production of arms and armour for the Roman Imperial Army during the Principate, as well as considers specific economic relations and factors connected with Roman Imperial Army and describes the economic role of the Roman government in ensuring eff ectiveness of the military machine. Moreover, he considers production activities, structure and hierarchy of legionary armory shops. Description of arms and armour supplying system is based on diff erent types of historical sources. Furthermore, the author analyses activities of private and state-owned arms manufacturers and “vagrant” groups of craſt smen. Special chapters are devoted to organizational and technological aspects of arms and armour production. Problems related to the armament production for the Roman army are important for those studying combat eff ectiveness of the Roman military machine, economic and technological level of the Romans, and complex organization of arms and armour supplying. Armament production of the Principate seems to be a complex phenomenon. One can conclude that the main armament production was focused on those areas that have been well provided with the raw material base and had a long-standing tradition of the armory craſt . In addition, areas of armament production were placed in the strategically important sectors of the Roman frontier region. However, regional features in the armour decoration show how products of private craſt smen and their workshops were in demand among individual customers. These workshops of the Principate favorably diff ered from the later state armories, because late Roman workshops performed standardized large-scale orders to meet the needs of the increasing army.
The book deals with the evolution of Roman ceremonial-parade and tournament armament, mainly with... more The book deals with the evolution of Roman ceremonial-parade and tournament armament, mainly with its most representative constituents — the richly decorated body-armourand helmets with anthropomorphous masks. For the first time in Russian-language literature at all, on the basis of attracting voluminous data of Western European studies in this field and as well through supplementing the corpus of artifacts well-known by now with little known and unpublished finds, the author gives both the detailed description of Roman luxurious protective arms and their interpretation. This account is added with a brief excursus telling of the ceremonies where one or another kind of richly decorated armour was in use.
The publication is intended for scholars, post-graduates and students, as well as for all those who are interested in the military history of Classical Antiquity.
Papers by Andrei Negin
Материалы по археологии и истории античного и средневекового Причерноморья, 2023
The paper discusses a series of atypical helmets of the Roman period. All specimens display a mix... more The paper discusses a series of atypical helmets of the Roman period. All specimens display a mixture of
elements borrowed from various helmet types. The sample consists of three groups of helmets: (1) the
outmoded ones that have been reworked in Roman armories after the emergence of newer helmet types, (2)
those which were modified according to the wishes of non-Roman auxiliary soldiers, and (3) a ‘barbaric’
specimen, which imitates Roman helmets, with elements of Roman manufacture incorporated into it. Going
far beyond all well-known typologies, the sample under study provides better understanding of reciprocal
contacts in armament technologies both in Barbaricum and elsewhere and enables newer insights on
migrations, spatial distribution of imports, etc.
В статье обсуждаются нетипичные шлемы римского времени. Им свойственно смешение признаков разных типов. Выборка включает три группы шлемов: 1) устаревшие и переделанные в римских арсеналах в связи с появлением новых типов, 2) модифицированные по желанию неримских вспомогательных солдат и 3) «варварский» образец, созданный в подражание римским шлемам и с использованием аутентичных деталей. Изучение данного материала способствует получению новых знаний о взаимных влияниях в технологии защитного вооружения как в Барбарикуме, так и за его пределами, позволяя вырабатывать новые суждения о миграциях, пространственном распределении импорта и т.п.
Studia Ceranea. Journal of the Waldemar Ceran Research Centre for the History and Culture of the Mediterranean Area and South-East Europe
The authors of the present article intend to draw the attention of the scientific community to a ... more The authors of the present article intend to draw the attention of the scientific community to a Medieval Great Helm found in Lucera, southern Italy, at the end of 1980, and presently unpublished. The importance of the helmet – belonging to the last quarter of 13th century and being one of the older specimens of that category existing in the world – has been until now neglected, and it is the intention of the authors to produce an initial analysis of the helmet, its history, technical characteristics and historical background.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Mar 1, 2021
Stratum plus. Археология и культурная антропология, 2014
The authors consider the possibility of using Roman face-mask helmets in combat. Most researchers... more The authors consider the possibility of using Roman face-mask helmets in combat. Most researchers believe such helmets were ceremonial or were intended for use in the cavalry sports (hippika gymnasia). Based on iconographic sources and experimental archaeology, the authors conclude that Roman face-mask helmets, at least those made in the 1st century AD, could be worn in battle.
Materialy po Arkheologii i Istorii Antichnogo i Srednevekovogo Prichernomor'ya, 2022
The paper introduces into scientific circulation several previously unpublished medieval mace hea... more The paper introduces into scientific circulation several previously unpublished medieval mace heads
found during archaeological excavations on the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod Volga Region. Almost all
mace heads date back to the 13 th and 14th centuries except the flanged mace head found in Balakhna which
dates back to a later time. The widespread use of maces and flanged maces is typical for the territories where
well-equipped warriors fought protected with high-quality and effective defensive armament which had to be
pierced with such a weapon. The area under study was a territory of contacts between Russian and Golden
Horde armament traditions, with heavily armored warriors playing an important role, so that the mace heads
and flanged mace heads finds in the area are not uncommon.
The paper deals with a unique face-mask helmet, found in 1854 and stored in the National Museum i... more The paper deals with a unique face-mask helmet, found in 1854 and stored in the National Museum in Belgrade, showing cultural exchange. On the one hand, this exemplar was made with great skill in the Roman style. But on the other hand, the bearded helmet from the National Museum in Belgrade is unusual due to the fact that its design and appearance enable us to recognise a combination of several armament traditions: The bottom edge is bent in the form of a hem and has a lot of holes intended either for attaching a lining or suspending a neck protection in the form of a lamellar or scale aventail, which is not typical of Roman helmets and applied in the Roman army only by soldiers of the eastern auxiliary units. A similar line of holes on the edge can be observed on another unusual helmet, found in Bryastovets / BG. The existence of these elements on Roman parade helmets is direct evidence that the owner of the helmet could be an eastern auxiliary warrior, because scale aventails had ...
Roman propaganda monuments are known best of all and they are still often cited, especially in Ho... more Roman propaganda monuments are known best of all and they are still often cited, especially in Hollywood blockbusters. Despite the many doubts expressed by modern researchers, they continue to be sources valuable in many aspects as those monuments, mostly located in the capital, show how military weapons were perceived by the inhabitants of the capital, including the sculptors who were working on these monuments. There are many images of so-called Attic helmets on Roman monuments dated back to the first two centuries AD. As a rule, all of them are richly decorated with embossed floral ornament, have a browband with volutes in the temporal region and equipped with longitudinal crests with gorgeous plumes. The question arises, what are the samples were depicted on the Roman reliefs? How accurately this specimen have been reproduced by artists and sculptors, or, perhaps, we see only a reflection of the Hellenistic artistic tradition? There are helmets with a browband shaped as a vertic...
The book is dedicated to one of the most unique archaeological finds of the Nizhny Novgorod Volga... more The book is dedicated to one of the most unique archaeological finds of the Nizhny Novgorod Volga region - a rich military helmet decorated with gilded ornaments, which was found and stored in the city of Gorodets. There are many mysteries associated with the helmet, which the author reflects on.
This is the second revised and expanded edition of the book, which includes new radiographic and metallographic data on the helmet, as well as new, more detailed drawings of the images on the helmet.
The book is addressed to local historians, historians, students, and anyone interested in the past of the Nizhny Novgorod region and its subject culture.
Bibliographic description:
Negin A.E. Helmet from Gorodets. 2nd ed. Nizhny Novgorod: Litera, 2024. 144 p.
This is a very time-consuming project, during which the collections of the museums of the Nizhny ... more This is a very time-consuming project, during which the collections of the museums of the Nizhny Novgorod region were studied and all the items of defensive armament were identified. Also took into account items found on the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod region, but turned out to be in the collections of other museums. In addition, the catalog was supplemented with defensive armament from private collections, which were transferred to various museums in Nizhny Novgorod. The chronological framework covers Ancient and Medieval armour, but also considers the ethnographic armour. Most of the items are published for the first time! The volume of the book is full color 144 pages, most of which is occupied by an illustrated catalog of armour with a description and color photographs. The book also presents the author's graphic reconstructions of the most interesting items of defensive armament.
В этой книге рассматриваются различные аспекты и традиции повседневной жизни римской армии в конт... more В этой книге рассматриваются различные аспекты и традиции повседневной жизни римской армии в контексте социальной, политической и культурной истории римской державы I в. до н. э. - III в. н. э.
Подробно освещаются армейские будни и праздники, различные виды строительной деятельности, административно-полицейские функции, служебная рутина, учения и тренировки, повседневный быт и развлечения римских солдат, воссоздается как материальная среда, в которой существовало и действовало воинское сообщество, так и внутренние и внешние социальные связи, семейные и межличностные отношения, правовой и общественный статус, доходы и привилегии, корпоративная и групповая идентичность римских военных, характерная для них картина мира, система ценностей и социальная психология, религиозные верования.
Для изложения всех этих аспектов наряду с литературными и юридическими источниками широко используются свидетельства надписей и папирусов, археологические данные, изобразительные памятники. При интерпретации материалов источников учитываются результаты новейших исследований по истории римской военной организации в эпоху принципата.
Osprey publishing, 2020
In the twilight of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th–6th centuries, the elite of the field armi... more In the twilight of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th–6th centuries, the elite of the field armies was the heavy armoured cavalry – the cataphracts, clad in lamellar, scale, mail and padded fabric armour. After the fall of the West, the Greek-speaking Eastern or Byzantine Empire survived for nearly a thousand years, and cavalry remained predominant in its armies, with the heaviest armoured regiments continuing to provide the ultimate shock-force in battle.
Accounts from Muslim chroniclers show that the ironclad cataphract on his armoured horse was an awe-inspiring enemy: '...they advanced against you, iron-covered – one would have said that they advanced on horses which seemed to have no legs'. This new study, replete with stunning full-colour illustrations of the various units, offers an engaging insight into the fearsome heavy cavalry units that battled against the enemies of Rome's Eastern Empire.
"Фонд "Русские Витязи"", 2020
Книга посвящена эволюции римского декорированного доспеха в эпоху принципата. Это первое масштабн... more Книга посвящена эволюции римского декорированного доспеха в эпоху принципата. Это первое масштабное исследование римских доспехов на русском языке, являющееся плодом двадцатилетних изысканий автора.
Изучение античного оружия и его декора в свете современных подходов не может ограничиваться только рассмотрением эволюции самого комплекса вооружения, но предполагает обращение к таким актуальным общеисторическим вопросам, как древние технологии, кросс-культурные коммуникации, ценностные представления, идеология и религия военнослужащих. Несмотря на довольно значительное количество специальных работ, посвящённых этой категории вооружения, исследования сосредоточены на узкой группе предметов, которые выделяются как применявшиеся только на парадах и в конных упражнениях. Прочее декорированное римское вооружение остаётся вне пристального внимания исследователей, в силу чего декор римского доспеха не рассматривается как целостная семантическая система, связанная с функциональным предназначением предметов вооружения и отражающая идеологию и ценностные представления римских военных. Однако только такое изучение римского декорированного доспеха позволяет уточнить хронологию археологических памятников, провести детальное сравнение сохранившихся артефактов с иконографическими материалами и данными письменных источников, выявить взаимодействие и взаимовлияние различных этнокультурных традиций в истории Римской державы.
На основе изучения археологических находок выявлена семантика декора доспехов и её связь с религиозно-идеологическими аспектами мировоззрения римских военнослужащих, а также рассмотрены технологические аспекты производства предметов декорированного вооружения.
Все римские декорированные доспехи эпохи принципата следует рассматривать в комплексе, поскольку большая часть всего защитного вооружения была богато украшена, а также имела общий круг сюжетов, изображавшихся на нём, вне зависимости от его назначения.
Декор доспехов эпохи принципата был связан с религиозным мировоззрением римских военнослужащих. Его иконографический мир был крайне консервативен и мало изменялся на протяжении I–III вв. н. э. Его консервативность подтверждается устойчивостью образов и стилистикой их воплощения на сохранившихся декорированных доспехах, созданных в течение эпохи принципата. Книга снабжена множеством цветных иллюстраций, а также иллюстрированным каталогом находок, в котором учтены все известные находки римских декорированных доспехов на начало 2018 г.
Osprey publishing (Elite), 2020
by Raffaele D’Amato (Author), Andrey Negin (Illustrator) This book draws upon the latest research... more by Raffaele D’Amato (Author), Andrey Negin (Illustrator)
This book draws upon the latest research to identify, explain, and illustrate the standards used by the Roman armies of the Late Empire.
The Late Roman Empire was a period of significant change in the designs of standards and in the costumes of standard-bearers. During the middle decades of the chaotic 3rd century, evidence confirms the continued use of the old legionary eagle and the signa of the old cohorts and centuries, alongside flags and Imperial images. The two major trends over the later generations were the adoption of Christian symbols on standards (e.g. Constantine the Great's Chi-Rho), and the proliferation of different types of flags. This had begun in the late 2nd century with the adoption of the “barbarian” dragon standard, the windsock-shaped draco, which continued to be displayed, alongside various other flags in the Greek-speaking Eastern Empire, whose influence increased greatly. Meanwhile, the growing employment of foreign units was such that by the 5th century we have evidence of the use of Hunnic symbolism among a Roman general's suite of standards. The costumes of standard-bearers also evolved as “Persian” styles spread from Constantinople.
This title explores all these changes in depth, charting the development of various costumes and designs and the waxing and waning influence of various cultures and religious considerations. The text is supported by specially commissioned illustrations and artist's reconstructions of the standards and their bearers.
From the army of Marc Antony in the 1st century BC, Roman generals hired Oriental heavy armored c... more From the army of Marc Antony in the 1st century BC, Roman generals hired Oriental heavy armored cavalry to serve in their military alongside the legions. These troops, both from the northern steppes and the Persian frontiers, continued an ancient tradition of using heavy armor and long lances, and fought in a compact formation for maximum shock effect. They were quite distinct from conventional Roman light cavalry, and they served across the Empire, including in Britain. They became ever more important during the 3rd century wars against Parthia, both to counter their cavalry and to form a mobile strategic reserve.
Displaying these impressive and imposing cavalry units using vivid specially commissioned artwork, this first book in a two part series on Roman Heavy Cavalry examines their use over the Imperial period up to the fall of Western Empire in the 5th century A.D.
From the time of the Bronze Age, warriors of all tribes and nations sought to emblazon their arms... more From the time of the Bronze Age, warriors of all tribes and nations sought to emblazon their arms and armour with items and images to impress upon the enemy the wealth and power of the wearer. Magnificently decorated shields were as much a defensive necessity as a symbol of social status. Equally, decorative symbols on shields and armour defined the collective ideals and the self-conceived importance of the village or city-state its warriors represented.
Such items were therefore of great significance to the wearers, and the authors of this detailed and extensively researched book, have brought together years of research and the latest archaeological discoveries, to produce a work of undeniable importance.
Decorated Roman Armour is richly illustrated throughout, and as well as battlefield armour, details the tournament and parade armour from Rome's earliest days.
The author studies production of arms and armour for the Roman Imperial Army during the Principat... more The author studies production of arms and armour for the Roman Imperial Army during the Principate, as well as considers specific economic relations and factors connected with Roman Imperial Army and describes the economic role of the Roman government in ensuring eff ectiveness of the military machine. Moreover, he considers production activities, structure and hierarchy of legionary armory shops. Description of arms and armour supplying system is based on diff erent types of historical sources. Furthermore, the author analyses activities of private and state-owned arms manufacturers and “vagrant” groups of craſt smen. Special chapters are devoted to organizational and technological aspects of arms and armour production. Problems related to the armament production for the Roman army are important for those studying combat eff ectiveness of the Roman military machine, economic and technological level of the Romans, and complex organization of arms and armour supplying. Armament production of the Principate seems to be a complex phenomenon. One can conclude that the main armament production was focused on those areas that have been well provided with the raw material base and had a long-standing tradition of the armory craſt . In addition, areas of armament production were placed in the strategically important sectors of the Roman frontier region. However, regional features in the armour decoration show how products of private craſt smen and their workshops were in demand among individual customers. These workshops of the Principate favorably diff ered from the later state armories, because late Roman workshops performed standardized large-scale orders to meet the needs of the increasing army.
The book deals with the evolution of Roman ceremonial-parade and tournament armament, mainly with... more The book deals with the evolution of Roman ceremonial-parade and tournament armament, mainly with its most representative constituents — the richly decorated body-armourand helmets with anthropomorphous masks. For the first time in Russian-language literature at all, on the basis of attracting voluminous data of Western European studies in this field and as well through supplementing the corpus of artifacts well-known by now with little known and unpublished finds, the author gives both the detailed description of Roman luxurious protective arms and their interpretation. This account is added with a brief excursus telling of the ceremonies where one or another kind of richly decorated armour was in use.
The publication is intended for scholars, post-graduates and students, as well as for all those who are interested in the military history of Classical Antiquity.
Материалы по археологии и истории античного и средневекового Причерноморья, 2023
The paper discusses a series of atypical helmets of the Roman period. All specimens display a mix... more The paper discusses a series of atypical helmets of the Roman period. All specimens display a mixture of
elements borrowed from various helmet types. The sample consists of three groups of helmets: (1) the
outmoded ones that have been reworked in Roman armories after the emergence of newer helmet types, (2)
those which were modified according to the wishes of non-Roman auxiliary soldiers, and (3) a ‘barbaric’
specimen, which imitates Roman helmets, with elements of Roman manufacture incorporated into it. Going
far beyond all well-known typologies, the sample under study provides better understanding of reciprocal
contacts in armament technologies both in Barbaricum and elsewhere and enables newer insights on
migrations, spatial distribution of imports, etc.
В статье обсуждаются нетипичные шлемы римского времени. Им свойственно смешение признаков разных типов. Выборка включает три группы шлемов: 1) устаревшие и переделанные в римских арсеналах в связи с появлением новых типов, 2) модифицированные по желанию неримских вспомогательных солдат и 3) «варварский» образец, созданный в подражание римским шлемам и с использованием аутентичных деталей. Изучение данного материала способствует получению новых знаний о взаимных влияниях в технологии защитного вооружения как в Барбарикуме, так и за его пределами, позволяя вырабатывать новые суждения о миграциях, пространственном распределении импорта и т.п.
Studia Ceranea. Journal of the Waldemar Ceran Research Centre for the History and Culture of the Mediterranean Area and South-East Europe
The authors of the present article intend to draw the attention of the scientific community to a ... more The authors of the present article intend to draw the attention of the scientific community to a Medieval Great Helm found in Lucera, southern Italy, at the end of 1980, and presently unpublished. The importance of the helmet – belonging to the last quarter of 13th century and being one of the older specimens of that category existing in the world – has been until now neglected, and it is the intention of the authors to produce an initial analysis of the helmet, its history, technical characteristics and historical background.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Mar 1, 2021
Stratum plus. Археология и культурная антропология, 2014
The authors consider the possibility of using Roman face-mask helmets in combat. Most researchers... more The authors consider the possibility of using Roman face-mask helmets in combat. Most researchers believe such helmets were ceremonial or were intended for use in the cavalry sports (hippika gymnasia). Based on iconographic sources and experimental archaeology, the authors conclude that Roman face-mask helmets, at least those made in the 1st century AD, could be worn in battle.
Materialy po Arkheologii i Istorii Antichnogo i Srednevekovogo Prichernomor'ya, 2022
The paper introduces into scientific circulation several previously unpublished medieval mace hea... more The paper introduces into scientific circulation several previously unpublished medieval mace heads
found during archaeological excavations on the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod Volga Region. Almost all
mace heads date back to the 13 th and 14th centuries except the flanged mace head found in Balakhna which
dates back to a later time. The widespread use of maces and flanged maces is typical for the territories where
well-equipped warriors fought protected with high-quality and effective defensive armament which had to be
pierced with such a weapon. The area under study was a territory of contacts between Russian and Golden
Horde armament traditions, with heavily armored warriors playing an important role, so that the mace heads
and flanged mace heads finds in the area are not uncommon.
The paper deals with a unique face-mask helmet, found in 1854 and stored in the National Museum i... more The paper deals with a unique face-mask helmet, found in 1854 and stored in the National Museum in Belgrade, showing cultural exchange. On the one hand, this exemplar was made with great skill in the Roman style. But on the other hand, the bearded helmet from the National Museum in Belgrade is unusual due to the fact that its design and appearance enable us to recognise a combination of several armament traditions: The bottom edge is bent in the form of a hem and has a lot of holes intended either for attaching a lining or suspending a neck protection in the form of a lamellar or scale aventail, which is not typical of Roman helmets and applied in the Roman army only by soldiers of the eastern auxiliary units. A similar line of holes on the edge can be observed on another unusual helmet, found in Bryastovets / BG. The existence of these elements on Roman parade helmets is direct evidence that the owner of the helmet could be an eastern auxiliary warrior, because scale aventails had ...
Roman propaganda monuments are known best of all and they are still often cited, especially in Ho... more Roman propaganda monuments are known best of all and they are still often cited, especially in Hollywood blockbusters. Despite the many doubts expressed by modern researchers, they continue to be sources valuable in many aspects as those monuments, mostly located in the capital, show how military weapons were perceived by the inhabitants of the capital, including the sculptors who were working on these monuments. There are many images of so-called Attic helmets on Roman monuments dated back to the first two centuries AD. As a rule, all of them are richly decorated with embossed floral ornament, have a browband with volutes in the temporal region and equipped with longitudinal crests with gorgeous plumes. The question arises, what are the samples were depicted on the Roman reliefs? How accurately this specimen have been reproduced by artists and sculptors, or, perhaps, we see only a reflection of the Hellenistic artistic tradition? There are helmets with a browband shaped as a vertic...
Journal of historical philological and cultural studies, 2020
JOURNAL OF ROMAN MILITARY EQUIPMENT STUDIES, 2022
The paper offers an overview of roman armour found in the territory of the Russian Federation.
JOURNAL OF ROMAN MILITARY EQUIPMENT STUDIES, 2022
The paper deals with analysis of images of barbarian helmets on the reliefs of Trajan's Column an... more The paper deals with analysis of images of barbarian helmets on the reliefs of Trajan's Column and comparison with real samples found during archaeological excavations.
JOURNAL OF ROMAN MILITARY EQUIPMENT STUDIES, 2022
The paper provides a succinct overview of the life and work of H. Russell Robinson, one of the gr... more The paper provides a succinct overview of the life
and work of H. Russell Robinson, one of the greats of
Roman military equipment studies. It is particularly
gratifying to see some photographs of him published for the
first time in these pages.
Материалы по археологии и истории античного и средневекового Причерноморья, 2021
В статье даётся интерпретация персонажа, несущего шлем мчащегося в бой императора, на одном из со... more В статье даётся интерпретация персонажа, несущего шлем мчащегося в бой императора, на одном из сохранившихся рельефов с Большого Траяновского фриза, первоначально принадлежавшего неизвестному памятнику эпохи Траяна, а впоследствии украсившего арку Константина. Эта фигура облачена в те же доспехи, что и окружающие императора кавалеристы из состава equites singulares. Однако, несмотря на это, логичнее видеть в данном персонаже не рядового телохранителя, и даже не конюшего императора, а его личного камергера-кубикулария. На основе имеющихся сообщений античных авторов, а также с привлечением иконографического материала, сделан вывод, что рядом с императором изображён человек с высоким статусом. В ряде случаев эти люди носили титул «хранителя кинжала» (a pugione), что может указывать на функцию, связанную с хранением императорского pugio, а это позволяет интерпретировать кубикулария в качестве императорского оруженосца.
The paper gives an interpretation of a person, wearing in his hands Emperor’s helmet, on one of the
surviving reliefs from the Great Trajanic frieze, which originally belonged to an unknown monument of the
Trajan era, and later adorned the Arch of Constantine. This figure is wearing the same type of armour as the
equites singulares (cavalrymen) surrounding the Emperor. However, despite this, it is more logical to see in
this character not an ordinary bodyguard, and not even an Emperor’s groom, but his chamberlain —
cubicularius. Based on the available ancient sources, as well as with the involvement of iconographic
material, the author concluded that the figure depicted behind the Emperor is a person with a high status. In
some cases, these people had the title of “keeper of the dagger” (a pugione), which may indicate a function
associated with the storage of the Emperor’s pugio, which allows cubicularius to be interpreted as an
Emperor’s armour-bearer.
Материалы по археологии и истории античного и средневекового Причерноморья, 2020
The article publishes a helmet from the collection of the Mardjani Foundation. This specimen belo... more The article publishes a helmet from the collection of the Mardjani Foundation. This specimen belongs to the group of so-called "spangenhelme" helmets, which date from the 6 th-7 th centuries. At the same time, the published specimen is unique and has some features that distinguish it from this group of helmets. It combines design elements from both Byzantine and Sassanian armament traditions. The helmet decoration contains symbols of the Christian tradition, which act as an apotropaion for the helmet's owner. Although the place and circumstances of the discovery of the helmet are unknown, based on a mixture of elements of the Byzantine and Sassanian traditions of decorating helmets, it can be assumed that the helmet was made in the Caucasus, in the territory where the influence was equally strong from both Byzantium and Sassanid Persia.
В статье публикуется шлем из коллекции «Фонда Марджани». Данный экземпляр относится к группе шлемов типа spangenhelme, которые датируются VI-VII вв. Вместе с тем, публикуемый экземпляр уникален, и имеет некоторые особенности, выделяющие его из данной группы шлемов. В нем сочетаются элементы оформления как византийской, так и сасанидской оружейной традиций. В декоре шлема присутствуют символы христианской традиции, которые выступают в качестве апотропея для владельца шлема. Хотя место и обстоятельства находки шлема неизвестны, исходя из смешения элементов византийской и сасанидской традиций украшения шлемов, можно предполагать, что шлем был изготовлен на Кавказе, на территории где одинаково сильным было влияние как со стороны Византии, так и Сасанидской Персии.
PARABELLVM NOVUM, 2020
Article about Henry Russell Robinson.
Проблемы истории, филологии, культуры, 2020
The article is the first publication of a bronze Montefortino-type helmet acquired by the Historic... more The article is the first publication of a bronze Montefortino-type helmet acquired by the Historical and art museum complex of Gorodets in 2016 (Inv. No. GRM VH/1659). It was accidentally found in the Krasnodar Territory, and its provenance is unknown. The helmet is covered with a thick layer of corrosion and is fragmented (the upper part and the left side of its crown are missing). Despite this, based on the analysis of the details and the shape of the remaining parts, this combat headgear can be attributed to the Montefortino-type helmets widely used in the Roman army, but not the Mannheim type (“Mannheim” or “Coolus “). The author examines similar samples of Roman and Etruscan-Italic helmets and, based on comparative analysis, draws a conclusion that this helmet dates this accidental find to 150–50 BC. Such dating suggests that appearance of this helmet on the territory of the Northwestern Ciscaucasia could be associated with the events of the Mithridatic Wars (89–63 BC). This casual find adds the list of the Montefortino-type helmets from Eastern Europe and the each new piece is of undoubted interest for the historians and archaeologists, as it extends our knowledge of the cultural and military-technical interactions on the periphery of the ancient world.
АРХЕОЛОГИЯ ЕВРАЗИЙСКИХ СТЕПЕЙ № 5. P. 46-54. , 2017
The work considers helmets of the sphero-conical shape. Their evolution is traced in the article ... more The work considers helmets of the sphero-conical shape. Their evolution is traced in the article starting with the Iron Age and ending with the period of the Roman Empire. The specimens used in the Roman army of 2nd-3rd centuries demonstrate the continuity of the tradition of using in sphero-conical helmets in the Mediterranean region, the earliest of which date back to the mid-2nd millennium B.C.
Древние цивилизации: социум и человек, 2018
The paper analyzes two early medieval helmets found near the Tsaritsyno village (Kasimov district... more The paper analyzes two early medieval helmets found near the Tsaritsyno village (Kasimov district of the Ryazan region.). The author concludes that one of the helmets belongs to the Sasanian armament tradition, while the other helmet was made by Byzantine armourers. Helmets could get on this territory as a result of military-political processes, as well as part of the «long-distance import».
Archaeologia Bulgarica, 2018
This paper will present all preserved fragments of armour from the " Roshava Dragana " burial mou... more This paper will present all preserved fragments of armour from the " Roshava Dragana " burial mound in Bulgaria. This is the first assessment of its type for this date set. Armour found in burials can be attributed to two or three types; they include the remains of chain mail, fragments of scale framework and badly preserved plate set. This armament was staffed with an excellent quality silvered Roman face-mask helmet. Apart from this helmet, the suit of armament was not Roman, having either a Sarmatian or Parthian origin. The most intriguing comes from burial 2 at " Roshava Dragana " mound where Sarmatian tamgas on the golden pommel of the sword and on the bronze belt's buckle and images of two-headed dogs on the plates of the armour were discovered. The burial-mound is one of the largest of the mounds in Bulgaria in which influential and respected nobleman may have been buried. In our opinion, the most important and respected man in the neighborhood was Titus Flavius Dinis, the son of Skeles of the tribe Quirina. He was archiereus of so called koinon Thrakon – the general assembly of the cities in the province of Thrace. It is possible that villa Chatalka and burial mound " Roshava Dragana " were connected with the Dinis family. Although there is no direct evidence for the participation of Dinis in campaigns against the Sarmatians and Dacians. But some parts of defensive armament from " Roshava Dragana " mound can be attributed as a trophy. Based on the analysis of the remaining elements of the armour, we can assume that many of them have parallels on the Sarmatian territory and in armament of neighbouring regions. Apparently, this armour could have been made in Panticapaeum, since the only parallel for a two-headed dog image, like on the armour, has been found there.
Bearded face-mask helmet from the collection of the National Museum in Belgrade as an example of ... more Bearded face-mask helmet from the collection of the National Museum in Belgrade as an example of mutual influences of armament traditions on the Roman frontier
Abstract
The paper deals with the unique helmet with mask, stored in the National Museum in Belgrade. This specimen was found in 1854 and demonstrates the exchange of cultural influences. This example is different from other Roman parade helmets. On the one hand, it is made with great skill and style of the Roman samples. But on the other hand, the bearded helmet from the National Museum in Belgrade is unusual due to the fact that its design and appearance enable to see a combination of several traditions in manufacturing war head-pieces. The bottom edge of the helmet is bent in the form of a hem and has a lot of holes intended either to attach the lining or to suspend neck protection in the form of lamellar or scale aventail, which is not typical of Roman helmets and was exceptionally applied in the Roman army only by soldiers of the Eastern auxiliary units. A similar line of holes on the edge of the helmet we can see also on other unusual helmet with scale aventail, which was found in Bryastovets (Bulgaria). The presence of these elements in Roman parade helmet is direct evidence that the owner of the helmet could be an eastern auxiliary inasmuch as such element as scale aventail available on some Sarmatian helmets of the first centuries AD.
Vestnik drevney istorii, 2020
Review on G. C a s c a r i n o . Gli elmi dei romani. Dalle origini alla fine dell’Impero d’Occid... more Review on G. C a s c a r i n o . Gli elmi dei romani. Dalle origini alla fine dell’Impero d’Occidente. Rimini, 2018
