Nadir Salman | University of Basrah (original) (raw)

Papers by Nadir Salman

Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A

A total of 120 young common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) ranging in weight from 25 g to 39 g were us... more A total of 120 young common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) ranging in weight from 25 g to 39 g were used to study the effect of feeding high carbohydrate diets on feed evacuation. Fish were fed at the rate of 3% body weight on three rations, standard ration SR (37%), and medium carbohydrate ration MCR (42%) and high carbohydrate ration HCR (53%) for 70 days in oval plastic tanks using 4 replicates for each treatment. Pellets enriched with 2% iron powder as a marker were used for additional 21 days for X-ray tracing. Pre-prandial starvation for one day was adopted before feeding the experimental diets and X-raying the fish at six intervals (1, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h) after feeding to estimate the evacuation rate and time. Results showed that high carbohydrate ration was evacuated faster than MCR and SR ration. After 24 hours of feeding, 91 % of the HCR ration was evacuated compared with 84 and 79 % in both SR and MCR ration. Differences between HCR and the other two rations were significant (P<0.05).The rate of evacuating HCR ration ranged between 6.7-7.6 % per hour compared with 5.5-6.3% per hour for MCR and 5.7-7 % per hour for SR ration. The theoretical evacuation time of HCR reached 26 h. compared with 30-31 h for the MCR and SR rations respectively. The results were discussed in term of the role of inert and indigestible fibrous materials which can accelerate the passage of food in fish alimentary canal. The validity of the radiographic method for estimating the rate of evacuation in omnivores carp was also evaluated.

Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences

The anesthetic efficacies of natural anesthetic (clove) in forms of powder were evaluated on youn... more The anesthetic efficacies of natural anesthetic (clove) in forms of powder were evaluated on young common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) with the mean weight of 60±10 g for handling and health management experiments. These works were conducted in the laboratory of fish research in the Department of Animal Science, Collage of Agricultural Sciences at University of Sulaimani. Safety concentrations of anesthetics type and concentration were assessed by using form of clove (powder); each with three replicates within each replicate five fish used for measuring induction times to anesthesia. The induction time of C. carpio which decrease with increasing concentrations of clove powder, the induction time was less than three minutes for a dose of 400 mg/L, with significant different (P<0.05) from the other dosages. As the concentrations of clove powder increased the ventilation rate in stage I, II and III of anesthesia and recovery increased significantly (P<0.05) compared to the control. There were no mortalities at any of the temperatures or concentrations, 24 hours after recovery. In stage I, II and III of recovery, all three concentrations of clove powder with normal temperature degree showed lower ventilation rate compared to other groups. The lowest cortisol level of anesthesia was found in the low temperature degree with 300 mg/L of clove powder. The lowest and the highest sugar levels were found in low temperature degree with 300 and 400mg/ L of clove powder, respectively. Clove powder of 200 mg/L with normal temperature degree showed the lowest level of red blood cell.

Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Fish cages and enclosures are known to be one of the intensive fish rearing methods which utilize... more Fish cages and enclosures are known to be one of the intensive fish rearing methods which utilize small water area and provide high fish production. They are recommended for areas of low productivity, limited water resources and risk of pollution such as the southern marshes of Iraq. The limited use of such technique has always been related to high cost of construction and maintenance. The need of this technology in the poor areas of the marshes led to the proposal of simple technological designs that use locally available materials and satisfy the critical criteria of fish rearing systems. Use of such system as a family fish farm would enable local inhabitants to increase fish production in their areas, increase family income and improve livelihood conditions through better socioeconomic status. The proposal includes the following steps: 1. Test of local aquatic plants and tools which can serve as raw materials. 2. Applying the most suitable design in terms of cost, time, building flexibility and maintenance. 3. Contribution of local inhabitants in construction steps of the fish cages. 4. Site selection survey of the most suitable areas for implementation in terms of water depth, velocity, quality, productivity and availability of shelter and security. 5. Implementing the constructed fish cages in the selected areas under the supervision of the local inhabitants. 6. Training and capacity building of members of local inhabitants on operating and maintenance. 7. Introduction of a selected commercial fish species for rearing, using the available fish fingerlings from local fish hatcheries. 8. Applying the most effective feeding method and monitoring fish wellbeing. 9. Periodical recording of fish growth criteria such as instantaneous growth rate, feed conversion efficiency and survival. 10. Performing fish production analysis and economical values to local inhabitants.

American Journal of Water Resources, Jan 23, 2013

This survey was carried out during wet and dry seasons in three stations represent the upper, mid... more This survey was carried out during wet and dry seasons in three stations represent the upper, middle and lower reaches of Huweza Marsh, Southern Iraq. Physical and chemical parameters including the natural water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, salinity, turbidity, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, bicarbonates and total hardness along with nutrients levels were monitored for the period from July 2007 to April 2008. Results showed that water quality parameters of Huweza marsh are all within the standard criteria for freshwater habitats with pronounced seasonal variation between dry and wet seasons. Significant differences were also recorded between upper and lower stations in the marsh which can be attributed to local conditions. In general all parameters are within the tolerance limits of fresh water plants and animals except water salinity which needs to be monitored seasonally and spatially, as variations are noticed between various parts of the marsh and at different seasons. Some recorded levels exceed the normal favorable levels for freshwater fauna and flora. The marsh water is rich in nutrient especially nitrate and phosphate, reflecting high productivity in similar manner to other Iraqi marshes. Results were compared with other studies in the area. The present survey can act as a basis for future monitoring and recovery of the marshland ecosystem.

Ekologija, 2011

A moderate level of pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons and traces of heavy metals has been det... more A moderate level of pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons and traces of heavy metals has been detected in some sites of the Al-Hammar marshes. Lower levels were also found in the Al-Huwaiza marsh. Fish (Himri, Barbus luteus) in the possibly polluted area gave signs for unhealthy environment by accumulating higher levels of pollutants in their muscles and gonads as compared with those monitored in the more healthy area. Disturbance in the age structure of the fish population was also recorded, with the dominance of certain length groups and ages in the polluted areas. A delay in gonad maturation and disturbance of sex ratio were noticed in the stations with higher levels of pollutants. A remarkable increase in metabolic enzymes which suppose to work in liver was noted in the fish inhabiting the polluted area. The biochemical constitutes of blood serum were found to be altered in the polluted areas with a decrease in total protein, albumin and cholesterol concentrations indicating a possible case of loosing blood to the tissues or inefficiency in liver function. It is concluded that fish conditions in some parts of the Al-Hammar marsh indicate the unhealthy environment which is obvious by some physiological responses due to the presence of pollutants. There is an urgent need to set up a long-term programme of research and a monitoring system to assess the pollution status in the newly flooded marshes. Further histological and bio-markers studies are strongly recommended.

Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Marine Sciences, 2003

The diet of different size groups of Naqim (Pomadasys maculates) ranging in length from 160-400 m... more The diet of different size groups of Naqim (Pomadasys maculates) ranging in length from 160-400 mm collected from Red Sea coast near Hodeidah City, Yemen was investigated, during the period from Nov. 2000 to May 2001. Contents of 140 stomachs were analyzed using fullness index, percentage of occurrence, volume and relative importance. Crabs, shrimps and other crustacean comprise the most important food source occurred in 59% of the examined stomachs and 26% of the total volume of diet on average. Clams and snails (Molluscs) were the second most important food group (47% & 23% respectively). Other items include worms and algae comprising 5 and 7% only. Detritus and unidentified digested materials occurred in all examined stomachs. Wide variations in feeding habits were noticed among different size groups. Crabs and aquatic plants increased while mollusks decreased with increasing fish length. Diet composition in relation to time period was studied. Autumn months revealed the highest feeding intensity followed by Spring and Winter months, with the lack of Summer samples. Little variations in filling index and food composition between male and females were detected among mediumsized fish, possibly due to state of maturation. The feeding spectrum analysis and relative gut length measurements suggest that Al-Naqim feeds as an active predator feeding just above the bottom, utilizing mainly pelagic or bottom invertebrates and few algae.

Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Marine Sciences, 2002

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Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Marine Sciences, 2006

The effect of the industrial wastes, discharged by the fertilizer and paper plants, on the nutrie... more The effect of the industrial wastes, discharged by the fertilizer and paper plants, on the nutrient contents and other physicochemical conditions of Shatt Al-Arab River waters has been presented. The effect of these waters on the growth of Chlorella sp. has been studied. Appreciable variations in the nutrient contents and other physical and chemical factors were noted at different stations and times. Water temperature showed a seasonal change of 10ºC ranging from 11 to 21ºC. The data on chlorosity indicate that the study area was slightly influenced by the tidal currents and hence of the Arab Gulf salinity. The water of Shatt Al-Arab River tends to be alkaline. The values ranged from 7.2 as a normal value to 9.1 near the waste effluent of the fertilizer plant where the amount of NH 4 + reached its maximum values. Similarly, nitrite and nitrate showed high values in the same area. Sulfate contents, on the other hand, were found to be high near the effluent of paper plant. All these variations have been discussed clearly. The present work shows a correlation between the different industrial wastes, discharged in Shatt Al-Arab River and the amount of nutrients in its waters. The effect of Shatt Al-Arab River waters on the growth of Chlorella sp. was not clear. The increment in dry weight of Chlorella sp. in the tested water samples during 5 weeks did not exceed that in distilled water except the sample collected near the effluent of the fertilizer plant.

Coastal Environments: Focus on Asian Regions, 2012

The Forestry Chronicle, 1945

III Land tenure and property rights iii Sabah forestry and SFMLA iii Communities in forest reserv... more III Land tenure and property rights iii Sabah forestry and SFMLA iii Communities in forest reserves iv Livelihoods and poverty iv Conclusion iv 9

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2007

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2003

... by the rate of nitrite removal (reactions with Hb) rather than by oxygenation-dependent chang... more ... by the rate of nitrite removal (reactions with Hb) rather than by oxygenation-dependent changes in membrane ... even in the absence of sensory information from the lungs, does not cause a complete ... whose levels vary according to the internal demands of the tissue (fast or slow ...

Aquaculture, 1987

Salman, N.A. and Eddy, F.B., 1987. Response of chloride cell numbers and gill Na+/K+ ATPase activ... more Salman, N.A. and Eddy, F.B., 1987. Response of chloride cell numbers and gill Na+/K+ ATPase activity of freshwater rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) to salt feeding. Aquaculture, 61: 41-48. Dietary NaCI up to the level of 12% was fed to freshwater rainbow trout (40-120 g]. The experiment was conducted between January and June 1984. Similar to the response to seawater transfer, fish fed the high level of salt showed an increase in numbers of chloride cells and gill Na */K +-ATPase activity. The proportion of chloride cells to the total ceil population increased from 8% in the normally fed fish to 10.5% in fish fed 12% salt. A positive linear kelationship was found between the increased level of salt in the diet and both chloride cell numbers and gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Structure of the gill surface showed larger chloride cells occurring more frequently at the base of the secondary lamella in fish fed the salty diets.

Encyclopedia of Disaster Relief, 2011