Ebrahim Badakhshan | University of Kurdistan - Iran (original) (raw)

Papers by Ebrahim Badakhshan

Review of cognitive linguistics, Apr 2, 2024

Folklore, Dec 1, 2018

This paper aims at investigating the metaphorical integrations of riddles in the Kurdish language... more This paper aims at investigating the metaphorical integrations of riddles in the Kurdish language. For this purpose, 100 Kurdish riddles are analyzed according to the blending theory of metaphor (BT). Accordingly, the riddles are classified into three groups. The first one, which we call a contingent metaphor, involves those riddles shaped by metaphorical mapping between the precedent and the sequent as input spaces, which are then combined and compressed into the blend space. The linguistic structure of a contingent riddle includes the precedent space and some of the conceptual correspondences without any explicit reference to the sequent space. The possible candidates of the hidden sequent space are conditioned by the image-conceptual structure of the precedent space. The second group, which we call a discordant metaphor, includes those riddles that are based on a complicated metaphorical integration between the precedent and the sequent as input spaces: elements and relations of input spaces are cross-mapped, and then they are mixed and compressed into the blend space; and ultimately, a kind of disanalogy between spaces is brought about by backward projection. The linguistic structure of a discordant riddle includes two contradicting parts. The first part indicates the metaphorical integration, and the second shows the disanalogy. The candidacy of a possible sequent space is conditioned by the structure of the precedent space and by the differences highlighted by the backward projection. The metaphorical riddle in both groups is a specific kind of deliberate metaphor which invites the riddlee (addressee) to view (guess) the sequent in terms of the precedent. The deliberateness of the metaphorical riddle leads the riddlee to construct numerous metaphorical mappings between the precedent space and many possible candidates for the sequent space. The third group includes the non-metaphorical riddles not applying any kind of metaphor.

Language Related Research, Jul 10, 2020

In cognitive linguistics, the study of linguistic meaning is not the aim by itself. Instead in th... more In cognitive linguistics, the study of linguistic meaning is not the aim by itself. Instead in this field of linguistics, the focus is on understanding the nature of conceptual system of human's mind. Noting that image schema due to its importance in understanding of abstract concepts are an important category in linguistic studies. This paper studies the embodied patterns of image schemas in the absolute congenital blind compared with their counterparts based on Johnson's embodied cognition theory (1987) in cognitive semantics. Method: The methodology of this quantitative research is comparative between two groups of blind and non-blinds. Thus, 48 male and female blinds and non-blinds with diploma and graduate education aged 18-28 years, due to the study of such variables as gender, education and age, were evaluated, and they were asked to describe 30 selected words based on Ricci Bitty and Poggi's procedures (1991), then their image schemas were investigated. Results and Findings: The results showed that the blinds, due to lack of vision, use more lexical descriptions and more image schema than their counterparts, in a way, graduate female blinds were reported as the most frequent users of image schema. The statistics also prove that the path and cycle schema, among different types of schema proposed by Johnson (1987), have the most and the least amount of usage in both groups respectively. Also,

4 : PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE WINTER 2011; 14(46):71-94. STRATIFYING THE COMPOUND WORDS ASS... more 4 : PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE WINTER 2011; 14(46):71-94. STRATIFYING THE COMPOUND WORDS ASSI MOSTAFA,BADAKHSHAN EBRAHIM Compounds have long been closely studied by many linguists. ...

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Oct 1, 2021

One of the lexical conceptual relations in language is the polysemy relation by which Finch (2000... more One of the lexical conceptual relations in language is the polysemy relation by which Finch (2000) and Saeed (2009) mean that a word or lexeme has more than one meaning. In polysemy, out of the polysemous word, multiple meanings are interpreted which are closely related to each other. According to what Richards and Schmidt (1985) define, the semantic units composed of a sequence of events or affairs which are relevant to specific situations evoke their own semantic frames. In fact, a frame is a representation of the context including the sentence in which linguistic items are presented (Matthews, 1997). The concept of Frame was primarily proposed by Fillmore (1977; 1982; 1985) in 1970s. The present research has been done in two phases with the goal of comparing the semantic frames of the word tašxis (Identification) by determining the relationship among them in a way that first the sentences containing it were looked up in the Persian Corpus of Bijankhan. Then, the sentences including tašxis (Identification) were separated from the sentences comprising different inflectional forms of the verb tašxis dādan (to identify). Afterwards, each sentence was converted into its equivalent noun/adjective phrase. In the second phase, the English equivalents of Identification in each phrase were obtained from three different Persian to English dictionaries to be able to extract the semantic frames for them. After extracting the frames, each English counterpart called Lexical Unit in the FrameNet alongside its semantic frame was compared to other frames and ultimately the following conclusions were drawn: the contexts where Identification is used are classified into 5 categories as linguistics, medical science, law, security checking and politics. Regarding the same usage of some words in two categories, four semantic frames are evoked out of five contexts all of which share the concept of the capability of making distinction and that of making decision.

Researches in Linguistics, Jul 23, 2013

Language and Linguistics, Nov 22, 2013

Language and Linguistics, Mar 21, 2015

Frontiers in Psychology, 2021

The current study aimed to verify the multidimensional factor structure of teacher reflection and... more The current study aimed to verify the multidimensional factor structure of teacher reflection and to examine the psychometric properties of a widely used teacher reflection scale using a large-scale representative dataset of 1,611 practicing Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers. Furthermore, the measurement invariance of the hypothesized, a priori six-factor model of teacher reflection as measured by the adapted scale was assessed across gender and educational degree in Mplus program. In addition, the differences in latent factor means of the same groups were examined. The result of confirmatory factor analysis revealed that teacher reflection was a multidimensional construct, encompassing six underlying factors. Overall, the adapted teacher reflection scale based on the 6-factor model showed an overall good fit. The results also indicated metric and scalar invariance which manifests that the factors underlying the adapted scale had an identical theoretical structure...

̒Ilm-i Zabān, 2015

In this paper, the aim is to analyze and describe the process of glide formation in Kurdish (Kalh... more In this paper, the aim is to analyze and describe the process of glide formation in Kurdish (Kalhori dialect) using optimality theory of concurrency approach. It will be shown in this paper that, contrary to many languages such as the languages of Niger-Congo in which the [REL-const] constraint is high-ranking in the order of constraints, this constraint is of a low rank in the Kalhori dialect. It will be also shown that glide formation in Kurdish can be applied to non-high vowels such as /e/, as well as high vowels. Therefore, the raising of V1 for glide formation in the Kalhori dialect, contrary to many world languages, is not a fundamental and determining condition. It will also be shown that the condition of raising for the output of the phonological device is not rigid, that is the output from the phonological device of this dialect can be, in its own specific condition and position, raised, such as /y/, or non-high, such as /Y/.

Euphemism in Persian is a less studied topic, which seems to deserve more attention. The present ... more Euphemism in Persian is a less studied topic, which seems to deserve more attention. The present article aims to study the mechanisms, both linguistic and cognitive, used to produce euphemism in Persian, and also to suggest a classification for them. Euphemism is a powerful conversational tool used to enhance politeness and preserve the public self-image of the participants in communicative exchanges, hence, facilitating a harmonious interpersonal relationship. In Persian, most of the euphemistic expressions are associated with death, sexual relations, bodily effluvia, advertising, disability, insults, body parts, mental illness, drugs and business. In this language, there are three main ways in which euphemisms may be constructed: 1) phonemic modification, 2) loan words, and 3) semantic devices. Thus, we have the following classification of the main devices for constructing euphemism in Persian: reduplication, omission, loan words, implication, metaphor, metonymy, reversal, underst...

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تصریف فعل و مقوله‌های آن در کردی کلهری در چهارچوب صرف زایشی باور (1996) ا... more پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تصریف فعل و مقوله‌های آن در کردی کلهری در چهارچوب صرف زایشی باور (1996) انجام گرفته است. ماهیت روششناسی انجام این نوشتار کیفی، توصیفی-تحلیلی بوده و دادهها از طریق مصاحبه با سخنوران کردزبان گردآوری و مورد تحلیل و بررسی قرار گرفتهاند. در این مقاله کوشیدهایم تا مقولههای تصریفی فعل که در کردی کلهری عبارتند از: وند‌های وجه، وندهای نفی و وندهای شخصی را هر کدام جداگانه مورد تحلیل و بررسی قرار دهیم. این مقاله در پی پاسخی برای این پرسش است که چگونه فرآیند تصریف در مورد فعل قابل بحث و بررسی است، و همچنین چه محدودیتی در خصوص مقولهی فعل در کردی کلهری به لحاظ تصریف وجود دارد. پژوهش حاضر به دنبال آن است که چگونه دیدگاههای صرفیونی همچون باور (1996) می‌‌تواند تصریف فعل را در این گویش توجیه نماید. نتایج نشان داد که تصریف فعل در کردی کلهری در چهارچوب صرف زایشی باور کاملا قابل توجیه است.

One of the common phonological processes in the sound system of Kalhori Kurdish is lenition proce... more One of the common phonological processes in the sound system of Kalhori Kurdish is lenition process. This process occurs in Kalhori Kurdish when the peak margin constraint is not observed in the final consonant clusters of the syllable. In this study it will be shown that constraint of observing sonority sequence in consonant clusters cannot be a motivation for the lenition process in the final consonant clusters of a syllable in Kalhori Kurdish and this motivation should be regarded as peak margin constraint. It will also be argued that prioritizing the peak margin constraint in this dialect will cause the lenition process to be considered a more optimal process than deletion and insertion 1 (DOI): 10.22051/JLR.2016.2320 2 Associate Professor of Linguistics, University of Kurdistan: ebadakhshan@uok.ac.ir 3 MA, Linguistics, University of Kurdistan (corresponding author); zamani.mohammad2@uok.ac.ir Journal of Language Research (Zabanpazhuhi) VOL. 10, NO. 19, 2016 http://jlr.alzahra.a...

Kervan – International Journal of Afro-Asiatic Studies , 2022

Listening comprehension through VOA spesial english on audio CDin MP3 format , Listening comprehe... more Listening comprehension through VOA spesial english on audio CDin MP3 format , Listening comprehension through VOA spesial english on audio CDin MP3 format , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز

Introduction: In cognitive linguistics, the study of linguistic meaning is not the aim by itself.... more Introduction: In cognitive linguistics, the study of linguistic meaning is not the aim by itself. Instead in this field of linguistics, the focus is on understanding the nature of conceptual system of human's mind. Noting that image schema due to its importance in understanding of abstract concepts are an important category in linguistic studies. This paper studies the embodied patterns of image schemas in the absolute congenital blind compared with their counterparts based on Johnson's embodied cognition theory (1987) in cognitive semantics. Method: The methodology of this quantitative research is comparative between two groups of blind and non-blinds. Thus, 48 male and female blinds and non-blinds with diploma and graduate education aged 1828 years, due to the study of such variables as gender, education and age, were evaluated, and they were asked to describe 30 selected words based on Ricci Bitty and Poggi's procedures (1991), then their image schemas were investigat...