Hasan F I S A L Alesaryحسن فيصل نعمة | Kerbalauniversity (original) (raw)

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Papers by Hasan F I S A L Alesaryحسن فيصل نعمة

Oriental Journal of Chemistry

This work will show, for the first time, the effect of nicotinic acid (NA) and 2-methylnicotinic ... more This work will show, for the first time, the effect of nicotinic acid (NA) and 2-methylnicotinic acid (MNA)on the synthesis and properties of conducting polyaniline (PANI). The work investigates the effects of sulphuric acid (H2SO4), nicotinic acid (NA), and 2-methylnicotinic acid (MNA) on the synthesis and properties of polyaniline. The results show that the preparation of polyaniline from a sulphuric acid electrolyte is faster than the preparation from nicotinic acid and 2- methylnicotinic acid electrolytes. Moreover, the electrical conductivity and thermal stability of PANI/H2SO4 were greater than PANI/NA and PANI/MNA. All the polymers prepared in this study were identified using FT-IR. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the morphologies of the PANI samples, from which it was determined that PANI/H2SO4 has a fibrous and open structure with a higher porosity morphology compared to PANI/NA and PANI/MNA. The electrical conductivities of the PANI samples were meas...

ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2018

This work will show, for the frst time, the effect of nicotinic acid (NA) and 2-methylnicotinic a... more This work will show, for the frst time, the effect of nicotinic acid (NA) and 2-methylnicotinic acid (MNA)on the synthesis and properties of conducting polyaniline (PANI). The work investigates the effects of sulphuric acid (H2SO4), nicotinic acid (NA), and 2-methylnicotinic acid (MNA) on the synthesis and properties of polyaniline. The results show that the preparation of polyaniline from a sulphuric acid electrolyte is faster than the preparation from nicotinic acid and 2- methylnicotinic acid electrolytes. Moreover, the electrical conductivity and thermal stability of PANI/H2SO4 were greater than PANI/NA and PANI/MNA. All the polymers prepared in this study were identifed using FT-IR. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the morphologies of the PANI samples, from which it was determined that PANI/H2SO4
has a fbrous and open structure with a higher porosity morphology compared to PANI/NA and PANI/MNA. The electrical conductivities of the PANI samples were measured as 1.09 S cm-1, 0.65 S cm-1
and 0.089 S cm-1 for PANI/H2SO4, PANI/NA and PANI/MNA, respectively. The thermal stability of PANI was examined using the Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) technique. PANI/H2SO4 was found to degrade between 450-500°C, while PANI/NA and PANI/MNA decomposed at temperatures between 300-400°C.

This work will show, for the first time, the effect of nicotinic acid (NA) and 2-methylnicotinic ... more This work will show, for the first time, the effect of nicotinic acid (NA) and 2-methylnicotinic acid (MNA)on the synthesis and properties of conducting polyaniline (PANI). The work investigates the effects of sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), nicotinic acid (NA), and 2-methylnicotinic acid (MNA) on the synthesis and properties of polyaniline. The results show that the preparation of polyaniline from a sulphuric acid electrolyte is faster than the preparation from nicotinic acid and 2-methylnicotinic acid electrolytes. Moreover, the electrical conductivity and thermal stability of PANI/H 2 SO 4 were greater than PANI/NA and PANI/MNA. All the polymers prepared in this study were identified using FT-IR. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the morphologies of the PANI samples, from which it was determined that PANI/H 2 SO 4 has a fibrous and open structure with a higher porosity morphology compared to PANI/NA and PANI/MNA. The electrical conductivities of the PANI samples were measured as 1.09 S cm -1 , 0.65 S cm -1 and 0.089 S cm -1 for PANI/H 2 SO 4 , PANI/NA and PANI/MNA, respectively. The thermal stability of PANI was examined using the Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) technique. PANI/H 2 SO 4 was found to degrade between 450-500°C, while PANI/NA and PANI/MNA decomposed at temperatures between 300-400°C.

Paper by Hasan F I S A L Alesaryحسن فيصل نعمة

Chemical Papers, 2021

The work herein describes the electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions, specifically cadmium... more The work herein describes the electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions, specifically cadmium and lead. The introduction and modification of functional groups such as Schiff bases leads to an enhanced sensitivity of the electrode to analytes. In this study, a platinum electrode has, for the first time, been modified with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT/Schiff base) in CH2Cl2 containing Bu4NPF6 to detect cadmium(II) and lead(II) ions. The structures and morphologies of the polymer coatings were characterised via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The electrochemical synthesis and redox state response in monomer-free synthesised films have been studied via cyclic voltammetry. Moreover, the effect of scan rate on the electrochemical behaviour of the modified electrodes was also studied. The voltammetric findings have been used to calculate the surface coverage required for the polymer films and the stability of polymer electrodes in the monomer-free solutions. Square wave voltammetry was applied for the determination of cadmium(II) and lead(II) ion concentrations and to assess the effects of pH on aqueous samples. The limits of detection for the modified electrode for cadmium(II) and lead(II) were found to be 0.95 μg L−1 and 1.84 μg L−1, respectively. These findings revealed that modified films can be considered good candidates for application in electrochemical detection devices.

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2020

The effects of additives on the electrodeposition of ZnSn alloy from aqueous electrolyte have bee... more The effects of additives on the electrodeposition of ZnSn alloy from aqueous electrolyte have been the subject of considerable interest in the literature; however, to date there has been little consideration of their effects on alloy electrodeposition from Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs). This work will show, for the first time, the effects of boric acid, ammonium chloride and nicotinic acid on the electrodeposition of ZnSn alloys on copper from a DES consisting of a stoichiometric 1:2 mix of choline chloride and ethylene glycol (Ethaline 200). Cyclic voltammetry has been used to study the electrochemical properties of the ZnSn electrolyte, and the resultant surface morphologies, composition and roughness of the ZnSn coating were revealed via SEM/EDX and AFM, demonstrating that boric acid and nicotinic acid function as very effective brighteners, producing highly uniform and smooth ZnSn deposits. It was found that these additives strongly affect the morphology, composition, and roughness of the ZnSn coating. XRD was also used to examine the crystal structure of ZnSn coatings, where it was found that the phase composition of the deposits depends on the additive(s) used. In addition, corrosion of the ZnSn alloy in salty media was measured using the Tafel method.

Chemical Papers, 2019

The electrodeposition of cobalt from alternative electrolytes, including ionic liquids and deep e... more The electrodeposition of cobalt from alternative electrolytes, including ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents (DES), has become a topic of great interest to the scientific community, with a significant impact in both academic circles and in the development of commercial industrial electrochemical processes. However, very few studies have considered the effects of water on the electrodeposition of metals from deep eutectic solvents. In this work, the electrodeposition of Co from a choline chloride (ChCl) ethylene glycol (EG)-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) containing 10%, 20% and 30% water has been studied, and for the first time a uniform and bright Co deposit has been obtained when the deposition was achieved from an electrolyte containing 20% water. The speciation of Co in a mixed 1:2 ChCl:EG-based liquid (Ethaline 200) has been studied in both the absence and presence of water. The conductivities of the Co electrolyte were increased with increasing amounts of water. The electrochemical properties of the Co electrolytes have been studied using cyclic voltammetry, where it was found that the redox peak current gets larger and shifts in a positive direction when water was included in the Co solution. The resultant surface morphologies, topography, and roughness of the Co deposits were revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), which demonstrated that a highly uniform and smooth cobalt coating had been produced when the deposition occurred in Ethaline 200 containing 20% water.

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry , 2019

We report herein the electrochemical polymerisation of aniline from a choline chloride (ChCl)-bas... more We report herein the electrochemical polymerisation of aniline from a choline chloride (ChCl)-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) at room temperature in both the presence and absence of deionised water in the solvent. The current study used Propeline as the DES electrolyte, which we found to be rich in protons (i.e. similar to protic ionic liquids) and which allowed the polymerisation of aniline in this system. The morphology of films was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), which showed the polymer film to have a compact structure and rough surface. The electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) was used for the first time to investigate the mass changes that occur during the electrochemical deposition of polyaniline (PANI) in situ, and was used to monitor cation, anion, and solvent transport when PANI films were immersed in pure Propeline and 0.5 M H2SO4 solution (monomer free) at 25 °C and 50 °C. In the case of the PANI exposed to pure Propeline at room temperature, the mass change increased continuously in both oxidation and reduction switching due to anion transfer dominating the mass change, while the PANI exposed to pure Propeline at 50 °C was found to form due to a two-step combined mechanism, showing excellent redox switching stability with changing mass. These variations in mass tend to be dominated by cation expulsion in the first oxidative process (the later reductive process being cation insertion) and by anion insertion in the second oxidative stage (the early reductive process being anion expulsion). In aqueous systems, the mechanism of mass change was dominated by anion movement associated with solvent transfer. The movement of neutral species in Propeline and water is in the reverse direction to those of cation or anion transfer.

Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2019

A number of studies into the influence of additives on the electrodeposition of metals from aqueo... more A number of studies into the influence of additives on the electrodeposition of metals from aqueous solution have been reported in the literature. However, very few have studied the influence of additives on metal electrodeposition in Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs). This work will show, for the first time, the effect of sodium bromide on the electrodeposition of tin, copper, silver and nickel from a deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based ionic liquid consisting of a stoichiometric 1:2 mix of choline chloride and ethylene glycol (Ethaline 200). It is shown that in the presence of sodium bromide, bright and smooth Cu and Ni deposits were formed. Cyclic voltammetry and chronocoulometry have been used to examine the electrochemical properties of the plating liquids in both the absence and presence of sodium bromide. It was found that the redox peak currents of the Sn and Ag electrolytes get smaller when sodium bromide is added to the electrolyte solution. The resultant surface morphologies, topography and roughness of Sn, Cu, Ag and Ni were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM/ EDXS) and 3D optical microscopy (3D). The current efficiency of metal deposits was found to increase when the deposition was achieved from an electrolyte that contained sodium bromide.

Oriental Journal of Chemistry

This work will show, for the first time, the effect of nicotinic acid (NA) and 2-methylnicotinic ... more This work will show, for the first time, the effect of nicotinic acid (NA) and 2-methylnicotinic acid (MNA)on the synthesis and properties of conducting polyaniline (PANI). The work investigates the effects of sulphuric acid (H2SO4), nicotinic acid (NA), and 2-methylnicotinic acid (MNA) on the synthesis and properties of polyaniline. The results show that the preparation of polyaniline from a sulphuric acid electrolyte is faster than the preparation from nicotinic acid and 2- methylnicotinic acid electrolytes. Moreover, the electrical conductivity and thermal stability of PANI/H2SO4 were greater than PANI/NA and PANI/MNA. All the polymers prepared in this study were identified using FT-IR. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the morphologies of the PANI samples, from which it was determined that PANI/H2SO4 has a fibrous and open structure with a higher porosity morphology compared to PANI/NA and PANI/MNA. The electrical conductivities of the PANI samples were meas...

ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2018

This work will show, for the frst time, the effect of nicotinic acid (NA) and 2-methylnicotinic a... more This work will show, for the frst time, the effect of nicotinic acid (NA) and 2-methylnicotinic acid (MNA)on the synthesis and properties of conducting polyaniline (PANI). The work investigates the effects of sulphuric acid (H2SO4), nicotinic acid (NA), and 2-methylnicotinic acid (MNA) on the synthesis and properties of polyaniline. The results show that the preparation of polyaniline from a sulphuric acid electrolyte is faster than the preparation from nicotinic acid and 2- methylnicotinic acid electrolytes. Moreover, the electrical conductivity and thermal stability of PANI/H2SO4 were greater than PANI/NA and PANI/MNA. All the polymers prepared in this study were identifed using FT-IR. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the morphologies of the PANI samples, from which it was determined that PANI/H2SO4
has a fbrous and open structure with a higher porosity morphology compared to PANI/NA and PANI/MNA. The electrical conductivities of the PANI samples were measured as 1.09 S cm-1, 0.65 S cm-1
and 0.089 S cm-1 for PANI/H2SO4, PANI/NA and PANI/MNA, respectively. The thermal stability of PANI was examined using the Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) technique. PANI/H2SO4 was found to degrade between 450-500°C, while PANI/NA and PANI/MNA decomposed at temperatures between 300-400°C.

This work will show, for the first time, the effect of nicotinic acid (NA) and 2-methylnicotinic ... more This work will show, for the first time, the effect of nicotinic acid (NA) and 2-methylnicotinic acid (MNA)on the synthesis and properties of conducting polyaniline (PANI). The work investigates the effects of sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), nicotinic acid (NA), and 2-methylnicotinic acid (MNA) on the synthesis and properties of polyaniline. The results show that the preparation of polyaniline from a sulphuric acid electrolyte is faster than the preparation from nicotinic acid and 2-methylnicotinic acid electrolytes. Moreover, the electrical conductivity and thermal stability of PANI/H 2 SO 4 were greater than PANI/NA and PANI/MNA. All the polymers prepared in this study were identified using FT-IR. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the morphologies of the PANI samples, from which it was determined that PANI/H 2 SO 4 has a fibrous and open structure with a higher porosity morphology compared to PANI/NA and PANI/MNA. The electrical conductivities of the PANI samples were measured as 1.09 S cm -1 , 0.65 S cm -1 and 0.089 S cm -1 for PANI/H 2 SO 4 , PANI/NA and PANI/MNA, respectively. The thermal stability of PANI was examined using the Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) technique. PANI/H 2 SO 4 was found to degrade between 450-500°C, while PANI/NA and PANI/MNA decomposed at temperatures between 300-400°C.

Chemical Papers, 2021

The work herein describes the electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions, specifically cadmium... more The work herein describes the electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions, specifically cadmium and lead. The introduction and modification of functional groups such as Schiff bases leads to an enhanced sensitivity of the electrode to analytes. In this study, a platinum electrode has, for the first time, been modified with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT/Schiff base) in CH2Cl2 containing Bu4NPF6 to detect cadmium(II) and lead(II) ions. The structures and morphologies of the polymer coatings were characterised via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The electrochemical synthesis and redox state response in monomer-free synthesised films have been studied via cyclic voltammetry. Moreover, the effect of scan rate on the electrochemical behaviour of the modified electrodes was also studied. The voltammetric findings have been used to calculate the surface coverage required for the polymer films and the stability of polymer electrodes in the monomer-free solutions. Square wave voltammetry was applied for the determination of cadmium(II) and lead(II) ion concentrations and to assess the effects of pH on aqueous samples. The limits of detection for the modified electrode for cadmium(II) and lead(II) were found to be 0.95 μg L−1 and 1.84 μg L−1, respectively. These findings revealed that modified films can be considered good candidates for application in electrochemical detection devices.

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2020

The effects of additives on the electrodeposition of ZnSn alloy from aqueous electrolyte have bee... more The effects of additives on the electrodeposition of ZnSn alloy from aqueous electrolyte have been the subject of considerable interest in the literature; however, to date there has been little consideration of their effects on alloy electrodeposition from Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs). This work will show, for the first time, the effects of boric acid, ammonium chloride and nicotinic acid on the electrodeposition of ZnSn alloys on copper from a DES consisting of a stoichiometric 1:2 mix of choline chloride and ethylene glycol (Ethaline 200). Cyclic voltammetry has been used to study the electrochemical properties of the ZnSn electrolyte, and the resultant surface morphologies, composition and roughness of the ZnSn coating were revealed via SEM/EDX and AFM, demonstrating that boric acid and nicotinic acid function as very effective brighteners, producing highly uniform and smooth ZnSn deposits. It was found that these additives strongly affect the morphology, composition, and roughness of the ZnSn coating. XRD was also used to examine the crystal structure of ZnSn coatings, where it was found that the phase composition of the deposits depends on the additive(s) used. In addition, corrosion of the ZnSn alloy in salty media was measured using the Tafel method.

Chemical Papers, 2019

The electrodeposition of cobalt from alternative electrolytes, including ionic liquids and deep e... more The electrodeposition of cobalt from alternative electrolytes, including ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents (DES), has become a topic of great interest to the scientific community, with a significant impact in both academic circles and in the development of commercial industrial electrochemical processes. However, very few studies have considered the effects of water on the electrodeposition of metals from deep eutectic solvents. In this work, the electrodeposition of Co from a choline chloride (ChCl) ethylene glycol (EG)-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) containing 10%, 20% and 30% water has been studied, and for the first time a uniform and bright Co deposit has been obtained when the deposition was achieved from an electrolyte containing 20% water. The speciation of Co in a mixed 1:2 ChCl:EG-based liquid (Ethaline 200) has been studied in both the absence and presence of water. The conductivities of the Co electrolyte were increased with increasing amounts of water. The electrochemical properties of the Co electrolytes have been studied using cyclic voltammetry, where it was found that the redox peak current gets larger and shifts in a positive direction when water was included in the Co solution. The resultant surface morphologies, topography, and roughness of the Co deposits were revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), which demonstrated that a highly uniform and smooth cobalt coating had been produced when the deposition occurred in Ethaline 200 containing 20% water.

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry , 2019

We report herein the electrochemical polymerisation of aniline from a choline chloride (ChCl)-bas... more We report herein the electrochemical polymerisation of aniline from a choline chloride (ChCl)-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) at room temperature in both the presence and absence of deionised water in the solvent. The current study used Propeline as the DES electrolyte, which we found to be rich in protons (i.e. similar to protic ionic liquids) and which allowed the polymerisation of aniline in this system. The morphology of films was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), which showed the polymer film to have a compact structure and rough surface. The electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) was used for the first time to investigate the mass changes that occur during the electrochemical deposition of polyaniline (PANI) in situ, and was used to monitor cation, anion, and solvent transport when PANI films were immersed in pure Propeline and 0.5 M H2SO4 solution (monomer free) at 25 °C and 50 °C. In the case of the PANI exposed to pure Propeline at room temperature, the mass change increased continuously in both oxidation and reduction switching due to anion transfer dominating the mass change, while the PANI exposed to pure Propeline at 50 °C was found to form due to a two-step combined mechanism, showing excellent redox switching stability with changing mass. These variations in mass tend to be dominated by cation expulsion in the first oxidative process (the later reductive process being cation insertion) and by anion insertion in the second oxidative stage (the early reductive process being anion expulsion). In aqueous systems, the mechanism of mass change was dominated by anion movement associated with solvent transfer. The movement of neutral species in Propeline and water is in the reverse direction to those of cation or anion transfer.

Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2019

A number of studies into the influence of additives on the electrodeposition of metals from aqueo... more A number of studies into the influence of additives on the electrodeposition of metals from aqueous solution have been reported in the literature. However, very few have studied the influence of additives on metal electrodeposition in Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs). This work will show, for the first time, the effect of sodium bromide on the electrodeposition of tin, copper, silver and nickel from a deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based ionic liquid consisting of a stoichiometric 1:2 mix of choline chloride and ethylene glycol (Ethaline 200). It is shown that in the presence of sodium bromide, bright and smooth Cu and Ni deposits were formed. Cyclic voltammetry and chronocoulometry have been used to examine the electrochemical properties of the plating liquids in both the absence and presence of sodium bromide. It was found that the redox peak currents of the Sn and Ag electrolytes get smaller when sodium bromide is added to the electrolyte solution. The resultant surface morphologies, topography and roughness of Sn, Cu, Ag and Ni were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM/ EDXS) and 3D optical microscopy (3D). The current efficiency of metal deposits was found to increase when the deposition was achieved from an electrolyte that contained sodium bromide.