Sa'odah Ahmad | UPM - Universiti Putra Malaysia (original) (raw)

Papers by Sa'odah Ahmad

The business world develops faster than law. Business always requires speed including speed in ha... more The business world develops faster than law. Business always requires speed including speed in handling disputes between parties. Online arbitration is a breakthrough that must be taken to bridge the speed of business and the availability of legal institutions in resolving disputes. Regulations in Indonesia tend to respond slowly to this change. Therefore this research is important to know the importance of online arbitration and what legal breakthroughs can be taken so that regulations can be accommodated in Indonesia. The legality of online arbitration can be found from the online arbitration agreement that should meet 4 preconditions of a legitimate agreement based on Civil Code considering the provision of Article 4 clause (3) of Law Number 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution, it can be said that the organization of online arbitration is possible when there is an agreement first between the parties to organize online arbitration. Indeed, Indonesia already has a regulation that recognizes electronic evidence as appropriate as physical evidence, except that the acknowledgment of online arbitration itself has not yet met with understanding.

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Parental stress is an emotional challenge that troubles parents of children with learning disabil... more Parental stress is an emotional challenge that troubles parents of children with learning disabilities in the process of caring for their children. This study examined the difference in parental stress among parents of children with learning disabilities in Abuja, Nigeria according to the parents' profiles. A cross-sectional design was employed to gather the data for this study in the six Area Councils of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in Abuja, Nigeria. The study employed a multistage clustered random sampling technique to sample 314 parents of children with learning disabilities who send their children to the Inclusive Basic Primary Schools. Parental stress was measured using the Parental Stress Scale (PSS, Berry and Jones, 1995). The Cronbach's alpha reliability was 0.83. The results showed a significant difference in parental stress according to the parents' age group [F (4, 309) = 8.583, p = .000] and the parent's level of income [F(4, 309) = 4.339, p = .014]. Thus, to be effective, the formulation of relevant policies, interventions, support programs, and services for the parents of children with learning disabilities should give due consideration to the age and level of income of the parents.

Today, in the era of globalization, the evolution of internet technology has caused market condit... more Today, in the era of globalization, the evolution of internet technology has caused market conditions to become complicated and complex. Consumers of all ages are exposed to a wealth of information and commerce 24 hours a day. Also, a variety of choices and offers to consumers make the decision making more complicated. Thus, consumers need to be empowered to protect themselves in the market. Utilizing Empowerment Theory, this paper seeks to analyze the influence of intensity of consumer education on consumer empowerment among Malaysian consumers. A total of 400 respondents had participated in this research where they were selected using multistage probability sampling. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSS software. Pearson Correlation Test is conducted to examine the relationship between the variables. The t-test is then used to examine the differences in consumers' level of empowerment among urban and rural consumers. The ...

This study aims to determine the relationships between facets of lifestyle (physical health and e... more This study aims to determine the relationships between facets of lifestyle (physical health and exercise, psychological health, substance use, nutrition, environmental concern, social concern, accident prevention or safety and sense of purpose) and subjective happiness of UPM’s undergraduates. A sample of 400 undergraduates were chosen as respondents in this study. The results showed that all the variables of facets of lifestyle were significantly related to undergraduates’ subjective happiness. The findings revealed that undergraduates with higher score in facets of lifestyle have a higher score in subjective happiness. The implication is that the more positive and healthy the lifestyle, the happier a person will be

Institut Penyelidikan Pembangunan Belia Malaysia, Kementerian Belia dan Sukan Malaysia, 2019

Hubungan ibu bapa anak dengan kesejahteraan diri dalam kalangan pelajar universiti di Serdang, Se... more Hubungan ibu bapa anak dengan kesejahteraan diri dalam kalangan pelajar universiti di Serdang, Selangor ABSTRAK Kajian ini telah dijalankan untuk menentukan perkaitan antara hubungan ibu bapa anak dengan kesejahteraan diri dalam kalangan pelajar universiti di Serdang, Selangor. Seramai 400 orang pelajar telah dipilih sebagai responden kajian dan data dikumpul menggunakan borang soal selidik yang diisi sendiri oleh responden. Skala Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult (PWI-A) oleh Cummins (2013) digunakan untuk mengukur tahap kesejahteraan diri pelajar. Hubungan ibu bapa anak.pula telah diukur dengan menggunakan Skala Perceptions of Parents Scales (POPS) yang dibangunkan oleh Grolnick, Deci & Ryan (1997). Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat perkaitan yang signifikan antara hubungan ibu anak (r = 0.162*, p ≤ 0.05) dan hubungan bapa anak (r = 0.148**, p ≤ 0.05) dengan kesejahteraan diri pelajar. Secara keseluruhannya, dapatan kajian menunjukkan hubungan ibu anak merupakan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi kesejahteraan diri pelajar (β = 0.138). Hasil kajian ini memberi maklumat penting mengenai kesejahteraan diri pelajar universiti, di mana hubungan ibu bapa anak merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhinya.

Kajian Malaysia, Oct 31, 2022

Family and neighbourhood issues are distinctly sensitive and emotional. They might also not be su... more Family and neighbourhood issues are distinctly sensitive and emotional. They might also not be suitable to be settled using the existing courtroom device in the form of adjudication. It has been acknowledged that procedures in court have failed to address the emotional state of the disputants. The alternative way to resolve the dispute is by using mediation. A study was conducted among 217 community mediators selected to determine their knowledge, attitude and practice of community mediation. A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather the research data. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents (97.7%, n = 212) know that mediation is used to resolve community disputes. All respondents agreed that mediation helps in alleviating disputes in the community. The majority of the respondents (92.2%, n = 200) agreed that mediation is an important source of information and help for the community. The majority of the respondents (99.5%, n = 216) agreed that cooperation between mediators and members of the community is very important in reducing domestic disputes and gaps in the community. The study also found that a little over half of the respondents have a low attitude (51.2%, n = 111) on community mediation. Furthermore, listening to both disputants was the most (87.1%, n = 189) practiced technique used by the respondents in dispute resolution. The study concluded that the respondents have good knowledge of community mediation, a low regard for community mediation, and practise various techniques in resolving the disputes. Most of the respondents have fewer than 10 years of experience as a community mediator. Thus, it is Sa'odah Ahmad et al. 46 understandable why they do not yet have a high attitude towards community mediation.

Kajian ini merupakan satu kajian berbentuk deskriptif untuk mengkaji kesahan kandungan modul ibu ... more Kajian ini merupakan satu kajian berbentuk deskriptif untuk mengkaji kesahan kandungan modul ibu tunggal untuk kegunaan ibu-ibu tunggal yang telah berpisah hidup dengan suami. Pembinaan modul ibu tunggal adalah berdasarkan kepada model pembinaan modul Rusell (1974). Berdasarkan kepada teori penceraian, temubual dengan pengerusi persatuan ibu tunggal Wilayah Persekutuan, 20 ibu tunggal, 3 pengetua sekolah, 6 kaunselor dan 10 pelajar mangsa penceraian Sekolah Rendah dan 10 pelajar mangsa penceraian Sekolah Menengah maka terbinalah modul ibu tunggal. Aktiviti modul Motivasi Diri ciptaan Jamaludin Ahmad (2012) telah dijadikan asas rujukan utama dalam membina modul ibu tunggal. Satu bengkel permurnian modul ibu tunggal telah diadakan pada 22 November 2014 yang melibatkan 2 pegawai Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, 2 kaunselor berdaftar, 2 pengetua sekolah menengah, 2 bapa tunggal, 2 ibu tunggal dan 2 pengusaha rumah anak yatim. Hasil bengkel tersebut, penyelidik telah membuat penambahbaik...

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2021

This study was conducted to identify the relationship between job demands and family social suppo... more This study was conducted to identify the relationship between job demands and family social support with depression among the Royal Malaysia Police (RMP) officers of the Criminal Investigation Department in Selangor. A total of 336 RMP officers of the Criminal Investigation Department were randomly selected as respondents of this study. Data were gathered through a self-administered questionnaire. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) was used to measure the level of depression among the respondents. Meanwhile, the Quantitative Workload Inventory (QWI) (Spector & Jex, 1998) was used to measure the respondents' job demands and the Family Support Inventory for Workers (FSIW) (King et al., 1995) was used to measure the respondents' family social support. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between job demands, family emotional support and family instrumental support with depression among the respondents. The study also found that family instrumental support was the strongest predictor of the respondents' depression. Thus, the study concludes that any intervention program planned by the RMP to ensure the wellbeing of its officers particularly on the issue of depression must consider the aspect of job demands and family social support.

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received: Accepted: Online: Nov 15, 2015 Mar 09, 2016 Apr 20, 2016 Cancer i... more ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received: Accepted: Online: Nov 15, 2015 Mar 09, 2016 Apr 20, 2016 Cancer is one of the diseases which have severe psychological and physiological implications in the affected patients, and it gets an even uglier form in case of childhood cancer that engulfs the entire household. The devastating nature of the childhood cancer causes a wave like effect which goes from adolescent to the parents/caregivers/family, making it a family disease. Along with the distressing effects and side effects of cancer the adolescents are constantly grappled with the developmental issues, whereas, family/caregivers struggle with a unique adaptation and evolution, due to the challenges posed by the disease. The current paper is a literature review of resilience among adolescent cancer patients (ACPs) and their caregivers, in Malaysian backdrop. It offers an insight into the gap in the current knowledge and highlights the need of an analysis of the concept of resilience among the ta...

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2021

Adolescents are one of the largest groups that suffered from mental health problems in Malaysia. ... more Adolescents are one of the largest groups that suffered from mental health problems in Malaysia. Since parents and school are vital figures in the development of adolescents, this study aimed to determine the relationship between parenting styles and school connectedness with mental health among adolescents in Selangor. The School Connectedness Scale (Jose, Ryan & Pryor, 2012), Parenting Style Scale (Gafoor & Kurukkan, 2014) and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) (Tennant et al., 2007) were employed to assess the research variables. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 476 adolescents adopting a cluster random sampling method. The study revealed that responsive parenting style, control parenting style and school connectedness are positively correlated to mental health. However, the mental health level appeared to show no difference between male and female adolescents. The study findings also indicated that school connectedness is the strongest predictor in determining the mental health of adolescents. In sum, adolescents with a high level of perceived control parenting style and school connectedness were likely to have better mental health state. This study assists in dispensing a deeper understanding of contributing factors (i.e. parenting styles and school connectedness) as a vital role in the developmental process of adolescents' mental health.

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 2021

Kajian tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti sama ada terdapat perkaitan antara sokongan so... more Kajian tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti sama ada terdapat perkaitan antara sokongan sosial keluarga dengan kemurungan dalam kalangan anggota Polis Jabatan Siasatan Jenayah di Selangor. Kajian ini melibatkan 336 anggota polis yang telah dipilih secara rawak sebagai responden dalam kajian ini. Borang soal selidik yang diisi sendiri oleh responden telah digunakan untuk mengumpul data kajian. Skala The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) oleh Lovibond, &, Lovibond (1995) telah digunakan untuk mengukur tahap kemurungan. Sokongan sosial keluarga (emosi dan instrumental) pula telah diukur dengan menggunakan Family Support Inventory for Workers oleh King, Mattimore, King dan Adams (1995). Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat perkaitan yang signifikan antara sokongan emosi (r = 0.296**, p ≤ 0.05) dan sokongan instrumental (r = 0.343**, p ≤ 0.05) dengan kemurungan responden. Kajian ini juga mendapati sokongan instrumental (β = 0.363) merupakan faktor peramal yang paling mempenga...

International Journal of Consumer Studies, 2020

This study aimed to develop a consumer empowerment model by adopting the Social Cognitive Theory ... more This study aimed to develop a consumer empowerment model by adopting the Social Cognitive Theory and the Empowerment Theory in explaining consumer empowerment. Specifically, this study intended to identify the relationships between consumer self-efficacy, intensity of consumer education, personality traits, social media and consumer empowerment. A total of 400 respondents had participated in this study and were selected using a multistage probability sampling. The data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. A multiple linear regression was conducted to predict the correlation between the independent variables and consumer empowerment. The finding revealed that the intensity of consumer education, selfefficacy, social media and aggressive personality were positively related to consumer empowerment whereas the assertive personality variable was deleted from the model because it did not have a significant relationship with consumer empowerment. The results can significantly contribute to improving the current consumer policy and developing effective consumer education programs.

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 2019

This study examined the relationship between attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral ... more This study examined the relationship between attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control with the intention to provide halal maintenance to the family among Muslim fathers in Malaysia. The participants comprised of 353 Muslim fathers. The data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire. Findings from the study showed that there was a positive relationship between attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control with the father’s intention to provide halal maintenance for the family. In addition, the subjective norm is proven to be the most significant predictor of the intention to provide halal maintenance for the family.

Asian Journal of Scientific Research, 2019

IIUM Law Journal, 2012

The first part of the paper seeks to examine the relevant legal provisions of ṣulḥ in the State o... more The first part of the paper seeks to examine the relevant legal provisions of ṣulḥ in the State of Selangor Darul Ehsan. Thus, the provisions of ṣulḥ as provided for under the Islamic Family Law Enactment 2003 will be discussed and analysed. Other provisions under the Administration of Islamic Religious Enactment 2003, the Syariah Court Civil Procedure Enactment 2003 and the Civil procedure (ṣulḥ) Rules 2001 will also be examined to study the procedures and guidelines in conducting Majlis ṣulḥ. The qualification of ṣulḥ officer will be briefly discussed in the last part of the paper. The paper concludes by commending the initiative that has been taken by the Department of Syariah Judiciary of Selangor in introducing ṣulḥ which has been proven to be very effective in reducing excess cases in the State Syariah Courts.

Asian Social Science, 2013

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between parental attachment, peer attachment an... more This study aimed to investigate the relationships between parental attachment, peer attachment and delinquency among adolescents. 480 adolescents aged 13-17 were randomly selected from four secondary schools in Malaysia. The revised version of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987) and the Self-report Delinquency Scale (Mak, 1993) were used in this study. The results revealed significant negative relationship between father and mother attachment with adolescents' delinquency and significant positive relationship between peer attachments with adolescents' delinquency. Statistically significant differences were obtained for males and females adolescents where males are more delinquent than females. Multiple regression analysis showed that gender is the strongest predictors for adolescents' delinquency, followed by peer attachment, mother attachment and father attachment. Practical recommendation and implementation are discussed where attachment could be included as a target for implementing intervention.

Educational Process: International Journal, 2018

In recent years, many young people have gone overseas to study and live at least temporarily in n... more In recent years, many young people have gone overseas to study and live at least temporarily in new countries that maybe quite different to their homeland. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of life satisfaction among Iranian undergraduate students studying at Malaysian private universities. A total of 361 undergraduate students were identified as respondents of this study by using Multi-Stage random sampling technique. The results of the study showed that the Iranian undergraduate students were moderately satisfied with their overseas student life. Findings also showed that the results of multiple regression analyses indicated social support emerged as the strongest unique predictor of life satisfaction, followed by academic achievement, and adjustment. Findings revealed that 44.8% of the variability in life satisfaction could be predicted by social support, academic achievement, and adjustment. The results also indicated that social support significantly mediated the effect of loneliness on life satisfaction.

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between job stress and organisational comm... more This study was conducted to determine the relationship between job stress and organisational commitment among public servant in Pontian, Johor. 262 public servants were chosen as respondents of this study through random sampling technique. Job Stress Scale (Crank, Regoli, Hewiit & Carlberson, 1995) and Organisational Commitment Scale (Meyer and Allen, 1997) were used to measure job stress and organisational commitment respectively. Result revealed that there were significant negative relationships between job stress and organisational commitment (affective r=-.272, p=.000), continuance (r=-.160, p=.01), normative (r= -.231, p=.000). The findings gave an implication that worker with low job stress will have a high organisational commitment. Therefore, employer and organisation should strive to take appropriate steps in reducing job stress and providing adequate and good facilities at work place, thus ensuring that worker has a high level of organisational commitment. High organisatio...

The first part of the paper seeks to examine the definition and authorities of sulh as provided b... more The first part of the paper seeks to examine the definition and authorities of sulh as provided by the Qur’an and hadith of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. The practice of sulh in resolving family disputes will also be briefly discussed. The advantageous of sulh based on some previous research findings will be highlighted in the last part of the paper. The paper concludes that sulh is a viable mechanism in resolving disputes amicably which is very pertinent in family disputes (for the purpose of preserving good relationship among the disputants).

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Institut Penyelidikan Pembangunan Belia Malaysia, Kementerian Belia dan Sukan Malaysia, 2019

Kajian Malaysia, Oct 31, 2022

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2021

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 2021

International Journal of Consumer Studies, 2020

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 2019

Asian Journal of Scientific Research, 2019

IIUM Law Journal, 2012

Asian Social Science, 2013

Educational Process: International Journal, 2018

By virtue of the Trade Description Act 2011 and its Orders, the position of the halal concept is ... more By virtue of the Trade Description Act 2011 and its Orders, the position of the halal concept is strengthened and this will definitely benefit both the suppliers as well as the consumers. Nevertheless, the Act as well as the Orders are criminal in nature since they act merely to give more authority to the enforcement bodies to regulate traders. Thus, the Consumer Protection Act 1999 (CPA) should be analysed so that it will be in line with what the Trade Description Act 2011 has provided. Primarily, this paper focuses on Part II of the CPA which deals with false and misleading statements as well as Part V which scrutinize the implied guarantee relating to the supply of goods. In addition, this paper also discusses the possible suggestions for reform which include the award of non-pecuniary damages, an equitable remedy such as an injunction, an exemplary damage as well as the possibility to allow class action. Content analysis was adopted to analyse primary and secondary data. The finding revealed that there is an inadequacy of law that protects consumers on the issue of halal product, specifically, on the rights of consumers to claim compensation. This study implies that CPA should be reviewed so that it is in line with what has been provided under the the Trade Description Act 2011. An initiative also needs to be made so that it is possible to award compensation in the case of non-halal products.

Although a large body of research demonstrates the significant impact of informal supports to the... more Although a large body of research demonstrates the significant impact of informal supports to the survivors’ well-being, no specific study has been carried out in Malaysia on this matter. This study has been done with the aim to assess the instrumental, social, and emotional support for domestic violence survivors in terms of perceived informal support, utilisation of the support, sources, and types of informal supports, as well as satisfaction and need for informal support.