Jirka Panek | Palacky University, Olomouc (original) (raw)

Papers by Jirka Panek

Tato monografie vznikla přepracováním disertační práce „Techniky participativního průzkumu pro ko... more Tato monografie vznikla přepracováním disertační práce „Techniky participativního průzkumu pro komunitní projekty: metoda výběru a sběr prostorových dat.“ autora Jiřího Pánka. Disertační práce byla obhájena 19. 3. 2015 na Katedře rozvojových studií Přírodovědecké fakulty Univerzity Palackého v Olomouci.

2nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2015, Aug 26, 2015

As much as guns and warships, maps have been used as tools of imperialism. Nations and empires ar... more As much as guns and warships, maps have been used as tools of imperialism. Nations and empires are not natural features within the landscape. They are social constructs, created in order to convert the Earth into a huge real-estate market. The Russian-Ukrainian conflict is not fought only in Ukraine, but also on every map, that shows Crimea. Cartography was coined as a science of princes, as it was these elites who used maps to take land and natural resources from those without power – local people. In the last three decades we have observed enormous advances in technologies and that has resulted in the democratisation of cartography and Geographic information systems. This has led to new approaches in mapping, such as critical cartography, counter mapping, GeoParticipation as well as carto-vandalism. In this paper the authors discuss the role of maps in the political struggle for a specific area – the Crimean peninsula. The paper aims to ignite the discussion about the social implications of maps as tools of power and technological dominance in the current digitalised world. It results in three thematic maps designed to represent attitudes of selected map providers towards mapping the Russian-Ukrainian conflict over Crimea by the end of 2014.

The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 2015

In the Local Agenda 21 Planning Guide, which was developed out of the United Nations Rio Conferen... more In the Local Agenda 21 Planning Guide, which was developed out of the United Nations Rio Conference on the Environment in 1992, community-based mapping is identified as a best practice for locally-based sustainability planning. According to UN-Habitat (2012), the proportion of urban populations living in slums is highest in Sub-Saharan Africa (61.7%); meanwhile, De Soto (2003) estimates the amount of "dead" capital at $9.3 trillion. This capital is based mainly in slums. The paper presents two community mapping projects in urban areas of Nairobi and describes the advantages and disadvantages of the different methodologies used. Second, it explores the options for slum dwellers to map the areas where they live and the benefits of such mapping. Lastly, the paper shares the authors' visions for participatory mapping and participatory GIS, and their ideas on how to select the optimal mapping method. The authors would like to open the discussion about possible effects of community mapping on local development and unlocking the hidden potential in urban-slum areas. Can the unlocking be achieved by acquiring spatial information about urban slums so that the inhabitants can make full use of their property? The paper discusses possible future development in the area of community mapping and invites researchers as well as practitioners to discuss whether community mapping is the key towards the sustainable development.

The Cartographic Journal, 2015

Participatory mapping is an emerging practice in the community development discourse. With its ro... more Participatory mapping is an emerging practice in the community development discourse. With its roots in the Participatory Rural Appraisal, it brings active involvement of the community and subjectivity of non-cartographers into the spotlight. The crucial question is how one can choose the most optimal method for participatory mapping, taking into account the specific needs and assets of the community. In this paper, the author presents the ARAMANI tool, expert knowledge-based decision support system operating with 10 participatory mapping methods and experience of 172 survey responders. ARAMANI tool allows users to describe their community assets and needs while combining them with a value-based system for deciding which method to select. The tool is designed as a user-friendly webpage with guidelines and examples of best practices for each method.

Langmuir, 2016

The intracellular delivery of nucleic acids requires a vector system as they cannot diffuse acros... more The intracellular delivery of nucleic acids requires a vector system as they cannot diffuse across lipid membranes. Although polymeric transfecting agents have been extensively investigated, none of the proposed gene delivery vehicles fulfill all of the requirements needed for an effective therapy, namely, the ability to bind and compact DNA into polyplexes, stability in the serum environment, endosome-disrupting capacity, efficient intracellular DNA release, and low toxicity. The challenges are mainly attributed to conflicting properties such as stability vs efficient DNA release and toxicity vs efficient endosome-disrupting capacity. Accordingly, investigations aimed at safe and efficient therapies are still essential to achieving gene therapy clinical success. Taking into account the mentioned issues, herein we have evaluated the DNA condensation ability of poly(ethylene oxide)113-b-poly[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate]50 (PEO113-b-PDPA50), poly(ethylene oxide)113-b-poly[2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]50 (PEO113-b-PDEA50), poly[oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate]70-b-poly[oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate10-co-2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate47-co-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate47] (POEGMA70-b-P(OEGMA10-co-DEA47-co-DPA47), and poly[oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate]70-b-poly{oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate10-co-2-methylacrylic acid 2-[(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)methylamino]ethyl ester44} (POEGMA70-b-P(OEGMA10-co-DAMA44). Block copolymers PEO113-b-PDEA50 and POEGMA70-b-P(OEGMA10-co-DEA47-co-DPA47) were evidenced to properly condense DNA into particles with a desirable size for cellular uptake via endocytic pathways (RH ≈ 65-85 nm). The structure of the polyplexes was characterized in detail by scattering techniques and atomic force microscopy. The isothermal titration calorimetric data revealed that the polymer/DNA binding is endothermic; therefore, the process in entropically driven. The combination of results supports that POEGMA70-b-P(OEGMA10-co-DEA47-co-DPA47) condenses DNA more efficiently and with higher thermodynamic outputs than does PEO113-b-PDEA50. Finally, circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the conformation of DNA remained the same after complexation and that the polyplexes are very stable in the serum environment.

Informační a komunikační technologie (ICT) hrály klíčovou roli v posledních dekádách, které jsou ... more Informační a komunikační technologie (ICT) hrály klíčovou roli v posledních dekádách, které jsou některými odborníky nazývány jako období digitalizace společnosti (Freeman & Louçã, 2001). Vývoj a osvojení si klíčových technologií je potřebné, avšak ne podmiňující, pro ekonomický rozvoj a posílení konkurenceschopnosti (Freeman, 1988). Co je myšleno pojmy rozvoj, udržitelný rozvoj, ekonomický rozvoj atd., je vysvětleno v adekvátních kapitolách této publikace. Jakou roli však hrají informační a komunikační technologie v tomto procesu? Informační a komunikační technologie v rozvoji 1 (ICT4D) lze definovat jako interdisciplinární oblast, podobně jako rozvojová studia, která kombinuje témata socioekonomická, rozvojová, lidskoprávní a technologická (Chib & Harris, 2012). Základní jednotkou ICT je informace, která se v digitální formě měří v bytech 2 (česky: bajt), kdy jeden bajt reprezentuje jeden znak, nebo číslo od 0 do 255. Pokud bychom veškerá digitální data, která na světě existovala v roce 2011, uložili na DVD nosiče a tyto nosiče poskládali na sebe, dosáhla by věž z DVD na Měsíc a 1/5 cesty zpět. Pokud bychom použili klasické CD nosiče, mohli bychom postavit 8 věží, které by dosáhly až na Měsíc. Tato čísla by se podle odhadů měla do roku 2015 více než čtyřnásobit a dále porostou. (International Data Corporation, 2011) V dnešní době již není problém získat potřebné informace, ale to jak s nimi pracujeme, se stává klíčovou otázkou a to nejen v oblasti rozvojových studií. Tato kapitola se bude věnovat především využití kartografie a geografických informačních systémů (GIS) v rozvoji. Nejdříve je však nutné popsat jakou roli mají ICT v rozvoji obecně. Informatizace společnosti navazuje na předchozí velké technologické zvraty v minulých stoletích, a to na mechanizaci za využití vodních zdrojů (mlýny), 1. vědecko-technickou revoluci, která byla zahájena vynálezem parního stroje (18. století), 2. vědecko-technickou revoluci, která je spojena s objevem elektrického proudu (přelom 19. a 20. století) či motorizaci společnosti. Historii ICT4D lze rozdělit do tří hlavních etap (Heeks, 2008):  1950 – 1990 – v tomto období se ještě nepoužívá termín ICT4D a hlavní aktivity směřují do rozvoje telekomunikací a zpracování dat ve vládních agenturách a velkých firmách v rozvojových zemích.  1990 – 2000 – zvýšená dostupnost Internetu po celém světě s investicemi v rámci snah o naplnění rozvojových cílů tisíciletí (MDGs) zvyšují i míru investic do ICT v rozvojových zemích. Nejčastějšími projekty jsou investice do telekomunikačních sítí, jako nástroje pozitivní změny ve společnosti.  2000 – dosud – období, které bývá občas nazývané jako ICT4D 2.0, nelze jednoduše oddělit od předchozího období. J

South African Geographical Journal, 2014

ABSTRACT Maps were historically used to govern cities, states and nations, to support colonial an... more ABSTRACT Maps were historically used to govern cities, states and nations, to support colonial and army operations and to maintain the superior position of those with power. Participatory mapping and community empowerment are new trends in the development discourse that allow local communities to become part of the power structures and influence what is mapped and what is on the map. Open-source and collaborative mapping projects such as OpenStreetMap (OSM) are designed to support community empowerment and to ensure that high-quality bias-free data are available to everyone regardless of their origin, social status and position within the power structure. In this paper, I will describe the main advantages and disadvantages of the OSM and Google Map Maker for participatory mapping. Second, I will use the example of Koffiekraal village in the North-West province, South Africa, to analyse coverage and data quality of two different data sets. Third, I will discuss a possible community project based on the spatial information gathered through the process of participatory mapping organized in Koffiekraal in the previous projects.

13th SGEM GeoConference on INFORMATICS, GEOINFORMATICS AND REMOTE SENSING, 2013

Contribution/Originality: This study contributes in the existing literature on self-help housing ... more Contribution/Originality: This study contributes in the existing literature on self-help housing and applies Foucauldian approach in order to present how the participation of informal institutions in the planning phase for housing development in rural areas was legitimated. 1. INTRODUCTION From the late 1980s, mainstream discourse and participatory agenda have encompassed processes of governance where participatory processes have become key to access to housing and linked to technologies of power that aim to legitimate the political agendas of global institutions. Some authors like Cleaver (1999) drawing from participatory literature in development argues that literature in development maintains oversimplified ideas about the beneficial nature to individuals of participation overlooking the potential links between inclusion and

The commercialisation of local spatial knowledge is an emerging problem across communities all a... more The commercialisation of local spatial knowledge is an emerging problem across communities
all around the world. Users creating spatial and attributive data through the use of commercial
tools such as Google Map Maker, are extending corporate databases, but aren’t able to use the very
same data freely when they need to. Open-source and participatory mapping projects such as
OpenStreetMap are designed to support community empowerment and to ensure that high quality
data are available to everyone regardless of their origin, social status and position within the power
structure. The article points out the danger of commercialisation of public data using the example
of community development projects. It also shows the advantages of participatory data-mining,
using as an example the OpenStreetMap project in the Kibera slum, Nairobi Kenya and shows the
possibilities of such an initiative in Koffiekraal, NW province of South Africa.

The use of GIS in developing countries has been coined as an oxymoron for several reasons, but ma... more The use of GIS in developing countries has been coined as an oxymoron for several reasons, but mainly due to the fact that the historical burden of maps is to have been used as a tool of control and technological dominance. Participatory approaches in mapping and GIS allow to bring a greater degree of social responsibility and ethics in research and visualisation of local spatial knowledge. The article focuses on the description of selected reasons that led to the sceptical attitude towards GIS, and to identify the basic ethical issues of collection and interpretation of spatial information in developing countries on an example of mapping water resources in the village Koffiekraal in South Africa.

Participatory Mapping and Participatory GIS (PGIS) are new trends that have arisen in the last th... more Participatory Mapping and Participatory GIS (PGIS) are new trends that have arisen in the last three decades among those who criticize classical GIS as rigid and disembodied, too objective and focused on technical “solutions” while forgetting about the human stories behind the data. These new approaches are context- and issue-driven and seek community empowerment rather than technology usage.
South African rural development policies place great emphasis on the provision of basic service infrastructure in order to facilitate local economic development. The provision of water within rural areas has proved to be troublesome and participatory approaches in GIS can be utilized to ensure the effective provision of water in rural communities. South Africa’s White Paper on Water Supply and Sanitation specifies that the maximum distance which a person should have to cart water to their dwelling is 200 metres. The extent to which rural areas in South Africa comply with this White Paper is questionable.
In a network and buffer analysis it was found that in the village of Koffiekraal the White Paper’s minimum level of water provision standards, regarding distance, is only partially complied with. On the basis of these findings it is argued that a GIS using participatory data collection techniques should be incorporated when planning rural water supply systems. In doing so issues regarding access can be accurately identified and addressed.

Community engagement has become a core responsibility of higher education in South Africa, alongs... more Community engagement has become a core responsibility of higher education in South Africa, alongside teaching and research. The aca-demic-based community engagement focus of the Department of Geogra-phy at the University of South Africa (UNISA) is the project "Roots Driven Rural Development" which is conducted in collaboration with a non-governmental organisation, the Greater Rustenburg Community Founda-tion (GRCF) and communities in the Bojanala Region of the North West Province, South Africa. Apart from striving to facilitate development in the Bojanala region, the project also aims to further develop and fine-tune a methodology of Community Asset Mapping Program (CAMP) developed by the GRCF to conduct and steer roots driven change for the global south. The paper will outline the methodologies followed and sources used in the process of participatory community mapping which culminated in Koffiek-raal being mapped collaboratively via OpenStreetMap. Secondly, the paper will share best practices of physical mapping experienced during the CAMP process and will suggest possible improvements in methodology as applied currently. Thirdly, it will demonstrate how academically-based community engagement not only serves the communities but provides a laboratory for research, a source of authentic learning material and contexts for formal and non-formal program offerings.

In the Local Agenda 21 Planning Guide, which was developed out of the United Nations Rio Conferen... more In the Local Agenda 21 Planning Guide, which was developed out of the United Nations Rio Conference on the Environment in 1992, community-based mapping is identified as a best practice for locally-based sustainability planning. According to UN-Habitat (2012), the proportion of urban populations living in slums is highest in Sub-Saharan Africa (61.7%); meanwhile, De Soto (2003) estimates the amount of " dead " capital at $9.3 trillion. This capital is based mainly in slums. The paper presents two community mapping projects in urban areas of Nairobi and describes the advantages and disadvantages of the different methodologies used. Second, it explores the options for slum dwellers to map the areas where they live and the benefits of such mapping. Lastly, the paper shares the authors' visions for participatory mapping and participatory GIS, and their ideas on how to select the optimal mapping method. The authors would like to open the discussion about possible effects of community mapping on local development and unlocking the hidden potential in urban-slum areas. Can the unlocking be achieved by acquiring spatial information about urban slums so that the inhabitants can make full use of their property? The paper discusses possible future development in the area of community mapping and invites researchers as well as practitioners to discuss whether community mapping is the key towards the sustainable development.

Maps were historically used to govern cities, states and nations, to support colonial and army op... more Maps were historically used to govern cities, states and nations, to support colonial and army operations and to maintain the superior position of those with power. Participatory mapping and community empowerment are new trends in the development discourse that allow local communities to become part of the power structures and influence what is mapped and what is on the map. Open-source and collaborative mapping projects such as OpenStreetMap (OSM) are designed to support community empowerment and to ensure that high-quality bias-free data are available to everyone regardless of their origin, social status and position within the power structure. In this paper, I will describe the main advantages and disadvantages of the OSM and Google Map Maker for participatory mapping. Second, I will use the example of Koffiekraal village in the North-West province, South Africa, to analyse coverage and data quality of two different data sets. Third, I will discuss a possible community project based on the spatial information gathered through the process of participatory mapping organized in Koffiekraal in the previous projects.

Participatory mapping is an emerging practice in the community development discourse. With its ro... more Participatory mapping is an emerging practice in the community development discourse. With its roots in the Participatory
Rural Appraisal, it brings active involvement of the community and subjectivity of non-cartographers into the spotlight. The
crucial question is howone can choose themost optimalmethod for participatorymapping, taking into account the specific needs
and assets of the community. In this paper, the author presents the ARAMANI tool, expert knowledge-based decision support
system operating with 10 participatory mapping methods and experience of 172 survey responders. ARAMANI tool allows
users to describe their community assets and needs while combining them with a value-based system for deciding which method
to select. The tool is designed as a user-friendly webpage with guidelines and examples of best practices for each method.

Books by Jirka Panek

Tato monografie vznikla přepracováním disertační práce „Techniky participativního průzkumu... more Tato monografie vznikla přepracováním disertační práce „Techniky participativního průzkumu pro komunitní projekty: metoda výběru a sběr prostorových dat.“ autora Jiřího Pánka. Disertační práce byla obhájena 19. 3. 2015 na Katedře rozvojových studií Přírodovědecké fakulty Univerzity Palackého v Olomouci.

Mapy mají obrovskou moc prezentovat prostorové informace v srozumitelné a široce akceptovatelné f... more Mapy mají obrovskou moc prezentovat prostorové informace
v srozumitelné a široce akceptovatelné formě. Ale je otázkou, jaké informacese
na mapu dostanou a které jsou potlačeny. Problémem generalizace
mapových informací se zabývají kartografové již velmi dlouho,
ale jsou to ve většině případů dospělí vzdělaní lidé, kteří vytvářejí tyto
mapy. Jak by ale vypadala mapa vašeho města, kdyby ji vytvářely děti?
Příkladem toho, jak vypadá mapování, když jsou hlavní cílovou
skupinou děti, může být třeba projekt Growing Up In Cities, který pracuje
primárně s dětmi v chudinských čtvrtích a jehož cílem je identifikovat
oblíbená a nebezpečná místa ve slumech z pohledu dětí v nich
žijících (Pánek, 2011).
V českém prostředí se tímto přístupem inspirovali v jihočeských
Vodňanech, kde zapojili děti z místních škol do tvorby pocitové mapy
Vodňan (Vodňany žijou, 2010).

Balónové mapování lze popsat jako nízkonákladovou metodu získávání leteckých fotografií. Jako nos... more Balónové mapování lze popsat jako nízkonákladovou metodu získávání
leteckých fotografií. Jako nosič snímače se používá buď balón
naplněný heliem (při rychlosti větru do 10 km/h) či létací drak při vyšších
rychlostech větru (Grassrootsmapping.org, 2010a). Je možné argumentovat, že se jedná pouze o variaci na UAV9, avšak tento přístup je
mnohem použitelnější pro malé komunitní projekty, a to především
pro svou jednoduchost a nízké provozní náklady.

2nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2015, Aug 26, 2015

The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 2015

The Cartographic Journal, 2015

Langmuir, 2016

South African Geographical Journal, 2014

13th SGEM GeoConference on INFORMATICS, GEOINFORMATICS AND REMOTE SENSING, 2013

In the Local Agenda 21 Planning Guide, which was developed out of the United Nations Rio Conferen... more In the Local Agenda 21 Planning Guide, which was developed out of the United Nations Rio Conference on the Environment in 1992, community-based mapping is identified as a best practice for locally-based sustainability planning. According to UN-Habitat (2012), the proportion of urban populations living in slums is highest in Sub-Saharan Africa (61.7%); meanwhile, De Soto (2003) estimates the amount of " dead " capital at $9.3 trillion. This capital is based mainly in slums. The paper presents two community mapping projects in urban areas of Nairobi and describes the advantages and disadvantages of the different methodologies used. Second, it explores the options for slum dwellers to map the areas where they live and the benefits of such mapping. Lastly, the paper shares the authors' visions for participatory mapping and participatory GIS, and their ideas on how to select the optimal mapping method. The authors would like to open the discussion about possible effects of community mapping on local development and unlocking the hidden potential in urban-slum areas. Can the unlocking be achieved by acquiring spatial information about urban slums so that the inhabitants can make full use of their property? The paper discusses possible future development in the area of community mapping and invites researchers as well as practitioners to discuss whether community mapping is the key towards the sustainable development.

Participatory mapping is an emerging practice in the community development discourse. With its ro... more Participatory mapping is an emerging practice in the community development discourse. With its roots in the Participatory
Rural Appraisal, it brings active involvement of the community and subjectivity of non-cartographers into the spotlight. The
crucial question is howone can choose themost optimalmethod for participatorymapping, taking into account the specific needs
and assets of the community. In this paper, the author presents the ARAMANI tool, expert knowledge-based decision support
system operating with 10 participatory mapping methods and experience of 172 survey responders. ARAMANI tool allows
users to describe their community assets and needs while combining them with a value-based system for deciding which method
to select. The tool is designed as a user-friendly webpage with guidelines and examples of best practices for each method.

× Teoretický základ Crowdsourcing 11 a mapové mash-upy 12 jsou dvě kouzelná slova, která se v pos... more × Teoretický základ Crowdsourcing 11 a mapové mash-upy 12 jsou dvě kouzelná slova, která se v poslední době skloňují v oblasti informačních technologií stále častěji. Lidé jsou již zvyklí pracovat s mapami, ale až do nedávna jen v omezených případech jako jejich aktivní autoři (Perkins, 2007). Přesto je zřejmé, že jsou lidé schopni mapy sami tvořit (Blaut, Stea, Spencer & Blades, 2003). Právě crowdsourcing a mash-upy stírají hra-nici mezi tvůrci map a jejich uživateli. Tomuto přechodu se někdy také říká neokartografie (Cartwright, 2012). Neokartografie však není o boření zažitých kartografických pravi-del a vytváření nových. Jedná se spíše o přístup, který chápe různé potřeby rozdílných uživatelů a umožňuje jim své nápady, projekty a plány vizualizovat prostřednictvím map. Konkrétně si lze představit situaci, kdy vidíte rozbitou lavičku, gra-ffiti na zdi nebo výmoly na silnici. Víte o poškozeném osvětlení, rozbi-tém chodníku nebo poničené lavičce ve vaší obci? Aplikace postavené na principu crowdsourcingu vám umožní upozornit na problém a po-moci jej tak obci vyřešit. V zahraničí již velice rozšířený způsob jak efek-tivně a rychle odstranit závady v obci se objevuje i v České republice. Jedná se většinou o jednoduché mobilní geoaplikace, které podporují přímou spolupráci občanů s vedením obce či státní správou. 11 Crowdsourcing je slovní spřežka z dvou anglických slov crowd=dav a outsou-rcing=využívání subdodavatelských vztahů. Crowdsourcing tedy znamená najímání davu či sdílení jednoho úkolu s větší skupinou lidí, většinou přes internet, často také anonymně (Howe, 2006, 2008). 12 Mash-up je webová aplikace, která využívá obsah z jednoho či více zdrojů a vytváří novou webovou službu, kterou publikuje v jednotném grafickém pro-středí (Fichter, 2009).

× Úvod Metod participativního a komunitního mapování lze najít mnoho, ať již v českém či zahranič... more × Úvod Metod participativního a komunitního mapování lze najít mnoho, ať již v českém či zahraničním prostředí. Základní otázkou však je, jak vybrat tu ideální metodu pro vaši komunitu a váš účel? Autor při stu-diu materiálů prezentujících rozličné metody participativního sběru a vizualizace dat narazil na velké množství metod, které lze při parti-cipativním výzkumu aplikovat. S ohledem na rozsah práce a také její kompaktnost se pak rozhodl pracovat jen s těmi, které se vyskytují nejčastěji a jsou také nejlépe popsané v dostupné literatuře. Ve výběru studovaných metod byl hlavní metodickou oporou Training Kit on Participatory Spatial Information Management and Communication (CTA & IFAD, 2010), který vznikl v reakci na konferenci Mapping for Change, která se konala v roce 2005 v keňském Nairobi. Kromě výše zmíněných metod, tedy mentálního mapování, baló-nového mapování a online mapování, představí autor dalších sedm metod, které lze snadno využít v práci se skupinou.