Vrish Ashwlayan | UPTU(MIET) - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Vrish Ashwlayan

Ulcers are deep lesions penetrating through the entire thickness of the gastrointestinal tract mu... more Ulcers are deep lesions penetrating through the entire thickness of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa and muscularis mucosa. Peptic ulcer has unquestionably been a disease of the twentieth century. Epidemiological data for this disease and its complications have shown striking geographical variations in incidence and prevalence. There are different types of ulcers most common are peptic ulcer, gastric ulcer, which appeared to be due to damage to the lining of the stomach, and duodenal ulcer, which was associated with excessive acid secretion by the stomach. The etiology of peptic ulcer was fiercely debated. It is believed that peptic ulcers develop due to an imbalance between aggressive factors (Helicobacter pylori, NSAIDs, gastric acid) and protective factors (mucin, bicarbonate, prostaglandins), leading to an interruption in the mucosal integrity.1 The natural course of chronic PUD is characterized by frequent ulcer recurrence. Approximately 60% to 100% of ulcers recur within1 yea...

Global Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017

Ageing deteriorates memory, retention and recall in human beings and is associated with marked st... more Ageing deteriorates memory, retention and recall in human beings and is associated with marked structural and neuro-chemical changes in the brain. The serotonin neurons in the hippocampus regulate memory. Low serotonin level is responsible for difficulty in making decision. Loss of the acetylcholine, neurotransmitter in the brain of patient with Alzheimer's diseases appears to be a critical element to produce senile dementia. Senile dementia is a clinical syndrome affecting the elder persons with loss of memory and cognition. Serotonin and acetylcholine, key neurotransmitters are made from respectively tryptophan and choline which are found in Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis (cauliflower) vegetable also improve memory in people with Alzheimer's disease. High levels of tryptophan in the brain directly influence increased serotonin production and new brain cell production begins to rise. The chloroform-metabolic extract of Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis (CMEBOB) flowers was investigated for its neuroprotective effect against ageing related and scopolamine induced memory deficits in aged and young rats respectively using elevated plus maze and Morris water maze. 2000 and 3000mg/kg, p.o. doses of the extract were administered for four consecutive days. Oxidative stress biomarkers (elevated brain malondialdehyde, nitrite and lower reduced glutathione levels) in cognitive impairment of rats were significantly reversed by the flowers extract. Chronic consumption of CMEBOB extract (3000mg/kg, p.o.) significantly improved performance of both mazes in aged rats and scopolamine treated young rats by its potent cholinomimatic action, anti-oxidative action and could be useful in management of memory impairment associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2022

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) is a contagious illness that has been declared a global epide... more COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) is a contagious illness that has been declared a global epidemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The coronavirus causes diseases ranging in severity from the common cold to severe respiratory diseases and death. Coronaviruses primarily affect blood pressure by attaching to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) receptor. This virus has an impact on multiple organ systems, including the central nervous system, immune system, cardiovascular system, peripheral nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, endocrine system, urinary system, skin, and pregnancy. For the prevention of COVID-19, various vaccines such as viral-like particle vaccines, entire inactivated virus vaccines, viral vector vaccines, live attenuated virus vaccines, subunit vaccines, RNA vaccines, and DNA vaccines are now available. Some of the COVID-19 vaccines are reported to cause a variety of adverse effects that range from mild to severe in nature. SARS-CoV-2 replication is controlled by the RNA-Dependent RNA-Polymerase enzyme (RdRp). The availability of FDA-approved anti-RdRp drugs (Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Sofosbuvir, Galidesivir, and Tenofovir) as potent drugs against SARS-CoV-2 that tightly bind to its RdRp may aid in the treatment of patients and reduce the risk of the mysterious new form of COVID-19 viral infection. RdRp inhibitors, such as remdesivir (an anti-Ebola virus experimental drug) and favipiravir (an anti-influenza drug), inhibit RdRp and thus slow the progression of COVID-19 and associated clinical symptoms, as well as significantly shorten recovery time. Molnupiravir, an orally active RdRp inhibitor and noval broad spectrum antiviral agent, is an isopropyl pro-drug of EIDD-1931 for emergency use. Galidesivir's in vitro and in vivo activities are limited to RNA of human public health concern. Top seeds for antiviral treatments with high potential to combat the SARS-CoV-2 strain include guanosine derivatives (IDX-184), setrobuvir, and YAK. The goal of this review is to compile scattered information on available COVID-19 vaccines and other treatments for protecting the human body from their harmful effects and to provide options for making better choices in a timely manner.

LOJ Medical Sciences, 2018

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer. Melanoma skin cancer is made up of abnormal pigment cells (mel... more Melanoma is a type of skin cancer. Melanoma skin cancer is made up of abnormal pigment cells (melanocytes). Melanocytes are located at the bottom of the epidermis. These cells make melanin, which spreads to the top of the epidermis and gives skin its colour. Melanoma is usually brown or black in colour because the cell still makes melanin. Melanoma is more dangerous than other skin cancers because it more likely to spread if it is not found early. However, most melanomas about 84 out of 100 are found early before they have spread and so are likely to be cured with treatments. Melanoma can occur on any skin surface. In men, it's often found on the skin on the head, on the neck, or between the shoulders and the hips. In women, it's often found on the skin on the lower legs or between the shoulders and the hips. Melanoma is rare in people with dark skin. When it does develop in people with dark skin, it's usually found under the fingernails, under the toenails, on the palms of the hands, or on the soles of the feet. Although one of the less common types of skin cancer, melanoma is considered the most serious type of skin cancer because it is more likely to spread to other parts of the body, especially if not detected early. The earlier melanoma is found, the more successful treatment is likely to be. Despite the many investigations in this field and a rapidly growing knowledge base, classification according to specific mutational profiles is not yet validated. Further investigations are required for validation and refinement, and to possibly identify additional factors.

International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 2013

Previous investigations on Ajuga bracteosa have reported the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, ... more Previous investigations on Ajuga bracteosa have reported the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and lipoxygenase (LOX), [4,5] Calcium antagonistic property, [6] cancer chemopreventive, [7] antiplasmodial, [8] anti-inflammatory effect through cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition, [9] analgesic activity, [10] Antiarthritic activity, [11] cardiac stimulant [12] and in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. [13] maTeRIalS aND meTHODS Plant Material The whole plants of Ajuga bracteosa were collected from Chamoli Garhwal (Uttrakhand) and authenticated by Mrs. Sayyada Khatoon

Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne, 2021

In this article, the author contemplates how section 94.1 of the Income Tax Act (Canada), the off... more In this article, the author contemplates how section 94.1 of the Income Tax Act (Canada), the offshore investment fund property (OIFP) rule, might be reimagined considering its inefficacy in the face of unique non-resident investment funds. By tracing the anti-avoidance origins of the rule, the author shows that the source of this inadequacy is an expectation overload rather than legislative failure. While the OIFP rule was introduced as a stop-gap designed only to tackle a certain kind of basic intermediation strategy, it is now tasked with the much grander objective of creating a level playing field with respect to the tax treatment of domestic and offshore investment funds. The author shows how this mismatch of aspiration and reality has created the opportunity for savvy investors to manipulate the "motive" test within the rule, and avoid its application, simply by proving themselves to have a sufficiently credible and pervasive alternative reason for investing in an of...

International Journal Of Medical, Pharmacy And Drug Research

Cardiotoxicity is the ‘toxicity that affects the heart which includes direct effect of the drug o... more Cardiotoxicity is the ‘toxicity that affects the heart which includes direct effect of the drug on the heart as well as indirect effect due to enhancement of haemodynamic flow alterations or due to thrombotic events. It is associated with small changes in blood pressure and arrhythmias to cardiomyopathy. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a cardiac disorder is associated with asymmetric cardiac hypertrophy with involvement of the interventricular septum. HCM is caused by mutation in genes such as Myosin-binding protein C (MYBC3), heavy chain of beta myosin (MYH7), troponin T (TNNT2) and troponin I (TNNI3). The most recurrent mutation is seen in MYBC3, MYH7 around 13-25 % while TNNT2, TNNI3 shows below 5%. Similarly, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an obstructive disorder of the smallest pulmonary arteries, in which progressive narrowing increases pulmonary vascular resistance which leads to right heart failure and death. PAH is caused by imbalance of activation of transform...

Ageing is commonly characterized by a progressive, generalized impairment of physiochemical and b... more Ageing is commonly characterized by a progressive, generalized impairment of physiochemical and biological aspects of cellular body functions for an increasing vulnerability to environmental challenges and a growing risk of disease and death. Wrinkled skin and sagging facial muscles due to less collagen and elastin produced by fibroblast are usually observed with ageing. People may become fatigued more easily because of increased cardiac work to maintain oxygen levels in the body, accumulation of cholesterol on the walls of the arteries and decreased ability to replace fluids lost while breathing: above changes, may need more rest. In dehydration case, adequate fluid intake should be assured and medical help should be sought. Learning new information may take longer for an older person and they may need clues to help retrieve information stored in memory.

23/03/2011, 2011

The methanolic extract of fruit of Phyllanthus emblica Linn (Amla) was investigated for its rever... more The methanolic extract of fruit of Phyllanthus emblica Linn (Amla) was investigated for its reversal effect on memory deficits in mice. Two doses of the extract (75 and 150 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered for seven consecutive days. Scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) and sodium nitrite (75 mg/kg, i.p.) were used to induce memory deficits (amnesia). Elevated plus maze (EPM) and Morris water maze (MWM) were used to evaluate short and long term memory respectively. Scopolamine and sodium nitrite treatment produced significant impairment of elevated plus maze and Morris water maze performance indicating impairment of memory. The methanolic fruit extract significantly improved EPM and MWM performance of scopolamine and sodium nitrite treated mice. The results indicated potential of the plant in relieving memory deficits.

International Journal of Green Pharmacy, Jun 4, 2013

Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the in-vivo anti-noceceptive activity of Ne... more Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the in-vivo anti-noceceptive activity of Neelkanthi (whole plant) and to support its traditional use. Material and methods: Methanolic extract of plant Ajuga bracteosa (ABE) was investigated for its antinoceceptive activity in hot plate method, tail flick method, and formalin induced hind paw licking test in mice. Three doses of extract (ABE-250 mg/Kg, 500mg/kg and 750 mg/Kg; ip) were used in the study and codeine (5mg/Kg, ip) was used as standard. Results: ABE (500mg/kg and 750 mg/Kg; ip) significantly (p<0.05) increased the reaction time in both hot plate method, tail flick method. ABE also showed significant decrease in the paw licking response in formalin induced hind paw licking test in mice. Conclusions: ABE at the dose of 500mg/kg and 750 mg/Kg showed potent anti-noceceptive activity on comparison with standard drug and supported its traditional use as analgsic.

A large number of medications have been identified as toxic to the ears. These adverse drug react... more A large number of medications have been identified as toxic to the ears. These adverse drug reactions vary from minor, reversible effects to serious, permanent impairment of hearing. Toxic effects on the structures of the inner ear include temporary or permanent ototoxicity resulting from adverse effect on the cochlea producing vertigo, ataxia, lightheadedness and other symptoms. The overall incidence of drug induced ototoxicity is unknown; however, drug induced deafness has been estimated to occur in 1.6 to 3 per 1000 medical patients. Recent studies raveled that arachidonic cascade and their metabolite are involved in maintaining of inner ear function. Recent investigation suggests that the excessive use of aspirin causes tinnitus (ringing in the ear) in human being and impairment of the outer hair cell function in experimental animals. The view is that the NSAIDs revealed protective effects against inner (cochlear) ear disorders. Knowledge of the potential toxic effects of drugs ...

Skin is the most exposed organ of the body, is an organ providing contact with the environment an... more Skin is the most exposed organ of the body, is an organ providing contact with the environment and protecting the human body from unfavourable external factors. Skin inflammation, reflected adversely in its functioning and appearance, also unfavourably affects the psyche, the condition of which is important during treatment of chronic skin diseases. Skin diseases are most common form of infections occurring in people of all ages. Skin diseases are seen worldwide and are thus a matter of serious concern. The prescribed synthetic drugs available in the market for the treatment of various skin diseases are associated with different adverse effects, so researchers around the world are searching for new, effective, and safer drugs from natural resources. Herbal medicinal plants are a very good source of active ingredients of medicine and provide a safer and cost-effective way to treatment of skin diseases. Virtually all human beings continue to rely on medicinal plants for skin diseases....

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in the country. Th... more Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in the country. Therefore, Blood cardiac biomarkers (CB) have become progressively more accurate for estimating cardiac abnormalities for the last 40 years. Biomarkers are a significant tool to better identify high-risk individuals, to diagnose disease conditions promptly and accurately, and to efficiently prognosticate and treat patients with disease. Various biomarkers have been developed to assess cardiotoxicity which arises due to chemotherapy treatment, complications from anorexia nervosa, adverse effects of heavy metals intake, or an incorrectly administered drug such as bupivacaine. Biomarkers like miRNAs are potentially new biomarker agents having the benefits of both tissue and disease specific expression mark. Secreted miRNAs are protected from degradation by ribonucleases, RNA-binding proteins and lipid vehicles. All of these qualities equate to miRNAs being very attractive as diagnostic biomar...

Hepatic damage is associated with distortation of t he metabolic functions of liver. Thus liver d... more Hepatic damage is associated with distortation of t he metabolic functions of liver. Thus liver diseases remain as the serious health problems. The present study was aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Tectona grandis leaf. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, amino a cids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, and tannins. Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extrac of Tectona grandis leaf was carried out at two dose levels 300 mg/Kg and 600 mg/Kg. Carbon tetra chloride induced hepatotoxic model was followed for investigation of hepatoprotective activity of Tectona grandis in wistar rats. The biochemical parameters (SGOT, SGPT and ALP) in rat serum were found to be increased in CCl 4 induced hepatotoxicity model. Hydroalcoholic extrac of Tectona grandis leaf was found to decrease the biochemical paramet ers (SGOT, SGPT and ALP) of rat serum at the doses of 300 mg/Kg and 60...

Piracetam is a cyclic derivative of g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) reported to improves learning and ... more Piracetam is a cyclic derivative of g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) reported to improves learning and memory consolidation, facilitates inter-hemispheric transfer and increases the cerebral resistance to cognitive impairments induced by hypoxia and other noxious stimuli including ageing. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of piracetam on scopolamine (3 mg Kg-1, i.p.), cyclohexamide (28 mg Kg-1, i.p.), diazepam (1 mg Kg-1, i.p.), sodium nitrite (75 mg Kg-1, i.p.) and BN52021 (15 mg Kg-1, i.p.) were administred to mice before acquisition or retrieval trial using water maze test. Scopolamine, cyclohexamide and diazepam have produced only anterograde amnesia. Sodium nitrite has produced both anterograde and retrograde amnesia. BN52021 (PAF receptor antagonist) has produced only retrograde amnesia. The present results exhibit that the anterograde amnesia produced by scopolamine, cyclohexamide and sodium nitrite has been prevented by piracetam (200 mg Kg-1, i.p...