Essra Noorwali | Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia (original) (raw)

Papers by Essra Noorwali

Research paper thumbnail of Change in Growth Status and Obesity Rates among Saudi Children and Adolescents Is Partially Attributed to Discrepancies in Definitions Used: A Review of Anthropometric Measurements

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Body Image Satisfaction and Appreciation Among Saudi Adults

Cureus

Background: Obesity remains a public health concern, and intermittent fasting (IF) is a popular s... more Background: Obesity remains a public health concern, and intermittent fasting (IF) is a popular strategy for weight loss that has gained considerable scientific and popular attention. However, weight control can affect body image. Poor body image and its impact on psychological well-being are linked to obesity in many individuals. Body appreciation is a crucial characteristic of positive body image. However, there is a lack of studies assessing these relationships in Saudi adults. Aim: To evaluate the associations between IF diet, body image satisfaction, and body appreciation in Saudi adults. Method: A web-based cross-sectional study was done with healthy Saudi adults aged 18 to 50 years old who followed the IF diet. The questionnaire had five sections: a brief study introduction, sociodemographic variables, adherence to the diet, modified body image scale, and body appreciation scale. Ethical approval was obtained. Results: A total of 190 participants were included in this study, including 59 (31.1%) males and 131 (68.9%) females. Comparing before and after IF, the body mass index (BMI) significantly decreased after IF (p < 0.001). After IF, a significant decrease in the body image dissatisfaction score was observed (p < 0.001). A significant increase was noted in the body appreciation score (p < 0.001). Conclusion: IF is significantly associated with better body image satisfaction and body appreciation. These results may help weight loss studies and may have public health implications.

Research paper thumbnail of Morning individuals in Saudi Arabia have higher self-regulation of eating behavior compared to evening types

Chronobiology International, Dec 21, 2022

Chronotype is a manifestation of an individual&#39;s circadian system, which can be presented... more Chronotype is a manifestation of an individual&#39;s circadian system, which can be presented as a preference for morningness or eveningness. Evening chronotype has been linked to unhealthy dietary habits. These habits are partially from poor self-regulation of eating behavior (SREB). SREB is a goal-directed process that helps resist food temptation and achieve desired dietary outcomes. It is unclear whether chronotype is associated with SREB. This study aims to investigate the association between chronotypes and SREB. A total of 599 adults (18-50 years) enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Participants received an online questionnaire that collected sociodemographic, anthropometrics, chronotype through the validated reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) and SREB using the SREB Questionnaire. ANOVA, Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were used. In adjusted models, morning types had 85% higher SREB compared to evening types (p = 0.003, OR = 1.85). Evening types found fried foods (p = 0.003), chips (p = 0.005) and French fries (p = 0.018) more tempting than morning types. These findings show a link between chronotype and SREB. Strategies focusing on SREB may help evening types improve dietary habits. Further studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanisms for these associations. This may have important implications for lifestyle and behavioral change policy.

Research paper thumbnail of Morning individuals in Saudi Arabia have higher self regulation of eating behavior compared to evening types

Chronotype is a manifestation of an individual's circadian system, which can be presented as a pr... more Chronotype is a manifestation of an individual's circadian system, which can be presented as a preference for morningness or eveningness. Evening chronotype has been linked to unhealthy dietary habits. These habits are partially from poor self-regulation of eating behavior (SREB). SREB is a goal-directed process that helps resist food temptation and achieve desired dietary outcomes. It is unclear whether chronotype is associated with SREB. This study aims to investigate the association between chronotypes and SREB. A total of 599 adults (18-50 years) enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Participants received an online questionnaire that collected sociodemographic, anthropometrics, chronotype through the validated reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) and SREB using the SREB Questionnaire. ANOVA, Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were used. In adjusted models, morning types had 85% higher SREB compared to evening types (p = 0.003, OR = 1.85). Evening types found fried foods (p = 0.003), chips (p = 0.005) and French fries (p = 0.018) more tempting than morning types. These findings show a link between chronotype and SREB. Strategies focusing on SREB may help evening types improve dietary habits. Further studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanisms for these associations. This may have important implications for lifestyle and behavioral change policy.

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1: of Validity of an online 24-h recall tool (myfood24) for dietary assessment in population studies: comparison with biomarkers and standard interviews

Table S1. Measurement error structure for protein, potassium, sodium and total sugar intake and d... more Table S1. Measurement error structure for protein, potassium, sodium and total sugar intake and density as assessed by myfood24 and interviewer-based 24-h recall. Table S2. Attenuation factors and correlation between dietary assessment tool and true intake for protein, potassium, sodium and total sugar intake as assessed by myfood24 for different numbers of repeat administrations of the tool. Table S3. Attenuation factors and correlation between dietary assessment tool and true intake for protein, potassium, sodium and total sugar intake and density as assessed by myfood24 and interviewer-based 24-h recall by sex. Table S4. Attenuation factors and correlation between dietary assessment tool and true intake for protein, potassium, sodium and total sugar intake and density as assessed by myfood24 and interviewer-based 24-h recall by age group. (DOCX 27 kb)

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1: of Recommended sleep duration is associated with higher consumption of fruits and vegetables; cross-sectional and prospective analyses from the UK Womenâ s Cohort Study

Sensitivity analyses. (DOCX 712 kb)

Research paper thumbnail of The effects of probiotic supplementation on emotional memory and pain response

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Sleep duration is associated with daily consumption of fruits and vegetables in British women from The UK Women's Cohort Study

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2017

The World Health Organization recommends consuming at least 400 grams of fruits and vegetables (F... more The World Health Organization recommends consuming at least 400 grams of fruits and vegetables (FV) per day to improve overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases, however, FV consumption remains below the recommended levels in the UK (1,2) .There are limited studies assessing the association between sleep duration and FV consumption in adults (3). The present study aims to explore the association between sleep duration and FV intakes in middle aged British women from the UK Women's Cohort study (UKWCS). Cross-sectional and prospective data were obtained from the UKWCS. Sleep duration, the exposure, was assessed by self-report of average hours slept on weekdays and weekends. Dietary intake, as an outcome, was assessed by a 4-day food diary cross-sectionally and in a follow-up study 4-5 years later, which was used for the prospective analysis. In addition, participants were asked in a health and lifestyle questionnaire "How many servings of fruit/vegetables or dishes containing fruit/vegetables do you usually eat in an average week. 2253 women were followed-up and 451 fully-coded food diaries were included in the prospective analysis. Linear regression analysis, adjusted for confounders, was used to assess the relationship between sleep duration and FV intakes." 13,652 women were included in the cross-sectional analysis with a mean age 52 years (95 %CI 52, 53). Sleep duration was divided to 3 categories: short (<7 h), recommended (7-8 h) and long (>8 h). In adjusted models, cross-sectional analysis showed that long sleepers (LS) consumed less FV than short sleepers (SS) and recommended sleepers (RS). LS consumed on average 20 grams/day (95 %CI −29, −10) less total FV in comparison to RS (P < 0•001). Prospectively, LS consumed 1•7 (95 %CI −3,−0•27) less portions of total FV/week (P = 0•02) compared to RS (Table 1.). The relationship between sleep duration and FV intake was non-linear (P < 0•001) with women sleeping the recommended duration of 7-8 h having the highest intakes compared to SS and LS.

Research paper thumbnail of 10 / Cross-sectional and prospective associations between sleep duration and fruit/vegetable intakes in middle-aged UK women

Research paper thumbnail of Sleep and fruit and vegetable consumption in UK adults

A substantial burden of disease globally is attributable to both sleep disruption and low intakes... more A substantial burden of disease globally is attributable to both sleep disruption and low intakes of fruit and vegetable (FV) and increasing mechanistic and epidemiological evidence support a reciprocal relationship between the two. Short and long sleep durations are associated with an increased risk of mortality, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and obesity. These associations may be partly mediated by changes in dietary intake including FV consumption. In 2017, an estimated 3.9 million deaths worldwide were attributable to inadequate FV consumption. However, few researchers have explored associations between sleep and FV consumption. I first explored the cross-sectional associations between objective sleep measures (sleep onset, sleep offset, mid-sleep time and sleep duration) and FV consumption in healthy UK adults. I analysed a biomarker of FV consumption, vitamin C. Subsequent analyses showed that every hour later mid-sleep time (chronotype) was associated with 16...

Research paper thumbnail of Validation of an automated online 24-hour recall (myfood24) using nutrient biomarkers provides similar results to a traditional interviewer administered recall

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society

Online dietary assessment tools can reduce administrative costs and facilitate repeated dietary a... more Online dietary assessment tools can reduce administrative costs and facilitate repeated dietary assessment during follow-up in large-scale prospective studies. We developed an online 24-h recall (myfood24) with automated estimation of associated nutrient intake, and assessed validity against reference recovery, predictive and concentration biomarkers. Validity of the online tool was then compared with that of traditional interviewer-administered multiple-pass 24-h recalls and presented as the expected attenuation of any diet-disease associations estimated with the tool.Metabolically stable adults were recruited and completed the new online dietary recall, a traditional interviewer-based multiple-pass recall and provided samples of blood and urine for a range of reference biomarkers. Longer-term dietary intake was estimated from up to three recalls taken two weeks apart. Estimated intakes of protein, total sugars, potassium and sodium were compared with urinary biomarker concentratio...

Research paper thumbnail of 11 / Sleep timing and vegetable intakes in UK adults: a cross-sectional study. 2

Research paper thumbnail of Bridging the Reciprocal Gap between Sleep and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: A Review of the Evidence, Potential Mechanisms, Implications, and Directions for Future Work

Nutrients

A substantial burden of disease and mortality globally is attributable to both sleep disruption a... more A substantial burden of disease and mortality globally is attributable to both sleep disruption and low intakes of fruit and vegetable (FV) and there is increasing mechanistic and epidemiological evidence to support a reciprocal relationship between the two. This review provides an overview of experimental and observational studies assessing the relations between sleep and FV consumption from 52 human adult studies. Experimental studies are currently limited and show inconsistent results. Observational studies support a non-linear association with adults sleeping the recommended 7–9 hours/day having the highest intakes of FV. The potential mechanisms linking sleep and FV consumption are highlighted. Disrupted sleep influences FV consumption through homeostatic and non-homeostatic mechanisms. Conversely, FV consumption may influence sleep through polyphenol content via several potential pathways. Few human experimental studies have examined the effects of FV items and their polypheno...

Research paper thumbnail of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Their Polyphenol Content Are Inversely Associated with Sleep Duration: Prospective Associations from the UK Women’s Cohort Study

Nutrients

This study aims to investigate the prospective associations between fruit and vegetable (FV) inta... more This study aims to investigate the prospective associations between fruit and vegetable (FV) intakes and their polyphenol content with subsequent sleep duration in UK women. In this study, 13,958 women with ~4 years of follow-up in the UK Women’s Cohort Study were included in the analyses. FV intakes were assessed at baseline using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and average hours of sleep per day were self-reported in follow-up. Polyphenol intake was calculated by matching FV items from the FFQ with the Phenol-Explorer database. Linear regression models, adjusting for confounders, were used for the analyses. Consuming an additional portion of apples, kiwi, oranges, pineapple, and 100% pure juice were associated with shorter sleep. Similarly, an additional portion of cabbage, celery, aubergine, olives, and peppers were inversely associated with sleep duration. An additional gram of total polyphenols was associated with shorter sleep by 18 min (99% CI −31 to −4, p < 0.001). ...

Research paper thumbnail of Recommended sleep duration is associated with higher consumption of fruits and vegetables; cross-sectional and prospective analyses from the UK Women’s Cohort Study

Sleep Science and Practice

Background: High intakes of fruit and vegetable has been shown to protect against diseases and al... more Background: High intakes of fruit and vegetable has been shown to protect against diseases and all-cause mortality however, the associations between sleep and fruit and vegetable consumption are not well characterized. This study aims to explore both cross-sectional and prospective associations between sleep duration and fruit and vegetable intakes in UK women. This is the first study to demonstrate the prospective association between sleep duration and fruit and vegetable consumption. Methods: Cross-sectional and prospective data were obtained from the UK Women's Cohort Study. Sleep duration was assessed by self-report of average hours slept on weekdays and weekends and diet was assessed by a 4-day food diary at baseline and follow-up (~4 years later). Sleep duration was categorized as short (≤6 h/d), recommended (7-9 h/d) and long (≥9 h/d). Regression analyses adjusting for age, socioeconomic status, smoking, ethnicity and total energy intake were used and restricted cubic spline models were developed to explore potential non-linear associations between sleep duration and fruit and vegetable intakes. Results: In adjusted cross-sectional analyses, short sleepers had on average 17 g/d (95% CI-30 to-4, p = 0.01) and long sleepers had 25 g/d (95% CI-39 to − 12, p < 0.001) less total fruits and vegetables compared to Recommended Sleepers (RS). In adjusted prospective analyses, short sleepers had on average 85 g/d (95% CI-144 to − 26, p = 0.005) less total fruits and vegetables in comparison to RS. Restricted cubic spline models showed that the cross-sectional (p < 0.001) and prospective (p = 0.001) associations between sleep duration and fruit and vegetable intakes were non-linear with women sleeping 7-9 h/d having the highest intakes. Conclusions: Fruit and vegetable consumption differed between sleep duration categories with UK women sleeping the recommended 7-9 h/day having the highest intake of fruits and vegetables in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. These findings suggest that sleeping the recommended duration is associated with higher consumption of fruits and vegetables. Sleep is an overlooked lifestyle factor in relation to fruit and vegetable consumption and more notice is vital. Further studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanisms for these associations.

Research paper thumbnail of The relationship between sleep duration and fruit/vegetable intakes in UK adults: a cross-sectional study from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey

BMJ Open

Objectives There is increasing evidence to suggest an association between sleep and diet. The aim... more Objectives There is increasing evidence to suggest an association between sleep and diet. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between sleep duration and fruit/vegetable (FV) intakes and their associated biomarkers in UK adults. Design Cross-sectional. setting Data from The National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Participants 1612 adults aged 19-65 years were included, pregnant/breastfeeding women were excluded from the analyses. Outcome measures Sleep duration was assessed by self-report, and diet was assessed by 4-day food diaries, disaggregation of foods containing FV into their components was conducted to determine total FV intakes. Sleep duration was divided into: short (<7 hours/day), reference (7-8 hours/day) and long (>8 hours/day) sleep periods. Multiple regression adjusting for confounders was used for analyses where sleep duration was the exposure and FV intakes and their associated biomarkers were the outcomes. Restricted cubic spline models were developed to explore potential non-linear associations. results In adjusted models, long sleepers (LS) consumed on average 28 (95% CI −50 to −6, p=0.01) g/day less of total FV compared to reference sleepers (RS), whereas short sleepers (SS) consumed 24 g/ day less (95% CI −42 to-6, p=0.006) and had lower levels of FV biomarkers (total carotenoids, β-carotene and lycopene) compared to RS. Restricted cubic spline models showed that the association between sleep duration and FV intakes was non-linear (p<0.001) with RS having the highest intakes compared to SS and LS. The associations between sleep duration and plasma total carotenoids (p=0.0035), plasma vitamin C (p=0.009) and lycopene (p<0.001) were non-linear with RS having the highest levels. Conclusions These findings show a link between sleep duration and FV consumption. This may have important implications for lifestyle and behavioural change policy.

Research paper thumbnail of Validity of an online 24-h recall tool (myfood24) for dietary assessment in population studies: comparison with biomarkers and standard interviews

BMC medicine, Aug 9, 2018

Online dietary assessment tools can reduce administrative costs and facilitate repeated dietary a... more Online dietary assessment tools can reduce administrative costs and facilitate repeated dietary assessment during follow-up in large-scale studies. However, information on bias due to measurement error of such tools is limited. We developed an online 24-h recall (myfood24) and compared its performance with a traditional interviewer-administered multiple-pass 24-h recall, assessing both against biomarkers. Metabolically stable adults were recruited and completed the new online dietary recall, an interviewer-based multiple pass recall and a suite of reference measures. Longer-term dietary intake was estimated from up to 3 × 24-h recalls taken 2 weeks apart. Estimated intakes of protein, potassium and sodium were compared with urinary biomarker concentrations. Estimated total sugar intake was compared with a predictive biomarker and estimated energy intake compared with energy expenditure measured by accelerometry and calorimetry. Nutrient intakes were also compared to those derived fr...

Research paper thumbnail of Change in Growth Status and Obesity Rates among Saudi Children and Adolescents Is Partially Attributed to Discrepancies in Definitions Used: A Review of Anthropometric Measurements

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Body Image Satisfaction and Appreciation Among Saudi Adults

Cureus

Background: Obesity remains a public health concern, and intermittent fasting (IF) is a popular s... more Background: Obesity remains a public health concern, and intermittent fasting (IF) is a popular strategy for weight loss that has gained considerable scientific and popular attention. However, weight control can affect body image. Poor body image and its impact on psychological well-being are linked to obesity in many individuals. Body appreciation is a crucial characteristic of positive body image. However, there is a lack of studies assessing these relationships in Saudi adults. Aim: To evaluate the associations between IF diet, body image satisfaction, and body appreciation in Saudi adults. Method: A web-based cross-sectional study was done with healthy Saudi adults aged 18 to 50 years old who followed the IF diet. The questionnaire had five sections: a brief study introduction, sociodemographic variables, adherence to the diet, modified body image scale, and body appreciation scale. Ethical approval was obtained. Results: A total of 190 participants were included in this study, including 59 (31.1%) males and 131 (68.9%) females. Comparing before and after IF, the body mass index (BMI) significantly decreased after IF (p < 0.001). After IF, a significant decrease in the body image dissatisfaction score was observed (p < 0.001). A significant increase was noted in the body appreciation score (p < 0.001). Conclusion: IF is significantly associated with better body image satisfaction and body appreciation. These results may help weight loss studies and may have public health implications.

Research paper thumbnail of Morning individuals in Saudi Arabia have higher self-regulation of eating behavior compared to evening types

Chronobiology International, Dec 21, 2022

Chronotype is a manifestation of an individual&#39;s circadian system, which can be presented... more Chronotype is a manifestation of an individual&#39;s circadian system, which can be presented as a preference for morningness or eveningness. Evening chronotype has been linked to unhealthy dietary habits. These habits are partially from poor self-regulation of eating behavior (SREB). SREB is a goal-directed process that helps resist food temptation and achieve desired dietary outcomes. It is unclear whether chronotype is associated with SREB. This study aims to investigate the association between chronotypes and SREB. A total of 599 adults (18-50 years) enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Participants received an online questionnaire that collected sociodemographic, anthropometrics, chronotype through the validated reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) and SREB using the SREB Questionnaire. ANOVA, Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were used. In adjusted models, morning types had 85% higher SREB compared to evening types (p = 0.003, OR = 1.85). Evening types found fried foods (p = 0.003), chips (p = 0.005) and French fries (p = 0.018) more tempting than morning types. These findings show a link between chronotype and SREB. Strategies focusing on SREB may help evening types improve dietary habits. Further studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanisms for these associations. This may have important implications for lifestyle and behavioral change policy.

Research paper thumbnail of Morning individuals in Saudi Arabia have higher self regulation of eating behavior compared to evening types

Chronotype is a manifestation of an individual's circadian system, which can be presented as a pr... more Chronotype is a manifestation of an individual's circadian system, which can be presented as a preference for morningness or eveningness. Evening chronotype has been linked to unhealthy dietary habits. These habits are partially from poor self-regulation of eating behavior (SREB). SREB is a goal-directed process that helps resist food temptation and achieve desired dietary outcomes. It is unclear whether chronotype is associated with SREB. This study aims to investigate the association between chronotypes and SREB. A total of 599 adults (18-50 years) enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Participants received an online questionnaire that collected sociodemographic, anthropometrics, chronotype through the validated reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) and SREB using the SREB Questionnaire. ANOVA, Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were used. In adjusted models, morning types had 85% higher SREB compared to evening types (p = 0.003, OR = 1.85). Evening types found fried foods (p = 0.003), chips (p = 0.005) and French fries (p = 0.018) more tempting than morning types. These findings show a link between chronotype and SREB. Strategies focusing on SREB may help evening types improve dietary habits. Further studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanisms for these associations. This may have important implications for lifestyle and behavioral change policy.

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1: of Validity of an online 24-h recall tool (myfood24) for dietary assessment in population studies: comparison with biomarkers and standard interviews

Table S1. Measurement error structure for protein, potassium, sodium and total sugar intake and d... more Table S1. Measurement error structure for protein, potassium, sodium and total sugar intake and density as assessed by myfood24 and interviewer-based 24-h recall. Table S2. Attenuation factors and correlation between dietary assessment tool and true intake for protein, potassium, sodium and total sugar intake as assessed by myfood24 for different numbers of repeat administrations of the tool. Table S3. Attenuation factors and correlation between dietary assessment tool and true intake for protein, potassium, sodium and total sugar intake and density as assessed by myfood24 and interviewer-based 24-h recall by sex. Table S4. Attenuation factors and correlation between dietary assessment tool and true intake for protein, potassium, sodium and total sugar intake and density as assessed by myfood24 and interviewer-based 24-h recall by age group. (DOCX 27 kb)

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1: of Recommended sleep duration is associated with higher consumption of fruits and vegetables; cross-sectional and prospective analyses from the UK Womenâ s Cohort Study

Sensitivity analyses. (DOCX 712 kb)

Research paper thumbnail of The effects of probiotic supplementation on emotional memory and pain response

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Sleep duration is associated with daily consumption of fruits and vegetables in British women from The UK Women's Cohort Study

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2017

The World Health Organization recommends consuming at least 400 grams of fruits and vegetables (F... more The World Health Organization recommends consuming at least 400 grams of fruits and vegetables (FV) per day to improve overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases, however, FV consumption remains below the recommended levels in the UK (1,2) .There are limited studies assessing the association between sleep duration and FV consumption in adults (3). The present study aims to explore the association between sleep duration and FV intakes in middle aged British women from the UK Women's Cohort study (UKWCS). Cross-sectional and prospective data were obtained from the UKWCS. Sleep duration, the exposure, was assessed by self-report of average hours slept on weekdays and weekends. Dietary intake, as an outcome, was assessed by a 4-day food diary cross-sectionally and in a follow-up study 4-5 years later, which was used for the prospective analysis. In addition, participants were asked in a health and lifestyle questionnaire "How many servings of fruit/vegetables or dishes containing fruit/vegetables do you usually eat in an average week. 2253 women were followed-up and 451 fully-coded food diaries were included in the prospective analysis. Linear regression analysis, adjusted for confounders, was used to assess the relationship between sleep duration and FV intakes." 13,652 women were included in the cross-sectional analysis with a mean age 52 years (95 %CI 52, 53). Sleep duration was divided to 3 categories: short (<7 h), recommended (7-8 h) and long (>8 h). In adjusted models, cross-sectional analysis showed that long sleepers (LS) consumed less FV than short sleepers (SS) and recommended sleepers (RS). LS consumed on average 20 grams/day (95 %CI −29, −10) less total FV in comparison to RS (P < 0•001). Prospectively, LS consumed 1•7 (95 %CI −3,−0•27) less portions of total FV/week (P = 0•02) compared to RS (Table 1.). The relationship between sleep duration and FV intake was non-linear (P < 0•001) with women sleeping the recommended duration of 7-8 h having the highest intakes compared to SS and LS.

Research paper thumbnail of 10 / Cross-sectional and prospective associations between sleep duration and fruit/vegetable intakes in middle-aged UK women

Research paper thumbnail of Sleep and fruit and vegetable consumption in UK adults

A substantial burden of disease globally is attributable to both sleep disruption and low intakes... more A substantial burden of disease globally is attributable to both sleep disruption and low intakes of fruit and vegetable (FV) and increasing mechanistic and epidemiological evidence support a reciprocal relationship between the two. Short and long sleep durations are associated with an increased risk of mortality, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and obesity. These associations may be partly mediated by changes in dietary intake including FV consumption. In 2017, an estimated 3.9 million deaths worldwide were attributable to inadequate FV consumption. However, few researchers have explored associations between sleep and FV consumption. I first explored the cross-sectional associations between objective sleep measures (sleep onset, sleep offset, mid-sleep time and sleep duration) and FV consumption in healthy UK adults. I analysed a biomarker of FV consumption, vitamin C. Subsequent analyses showed that every hour later mid-sleep time (chronotype) was associated with 16...

Research paper thumbnail of Validation of an automated online 24-hour recall (myfood24) using nutrient biomarkers provides similar results to a traditional interviewer administered recall

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society

Online dietary assessment tools can reduce administrative costs and facilitate repeated dietary a... more Online dietary assessment tools can reduce administrative costs and facilitate repeated dietary assessment during follow-up in large-scale prospective studies. We developed an online 24-h recall (myfood24) with automated estimation of associated nutrient intake, and assessed validity against reference recovery, predictive and concentration biomarkers. Validity of the online tool was then compared with that of traditional interviewer-administered multiple-pass 24-h recalls and presented as the expected attenuation of any diet-disease associations estimated with the tool.Metabolically stable adults were recruited and completed the new online dietary recall, a traditional interviewer-based multiple-pass recall and provided samples of blood and urine for a range of reference biomarkers. Longer-term dietary intake was estimated from up to three recalls taken two weeks apart. Estimated intakes of protein, total sugars, potassium and sodium were compared with urinary biomarker concentratio...

Research paper thumbnail of 11 / Sleep timing and vegetable intakes in UK adults: a cross-sectional study. 2

Research paper thumbnail of Bridging the Reciprocal Gap between Sleep and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: A Review of the Evidence, Potential Mechanisms, Implications, and Directions for Future Work

Nutrients

A substantial burden of disease and mortality globally is attributable to both sleep disruption a... more A substantial burden of disease and mortality globally is attributable to both sleep disruption and low intakes of fruit and vegetable (FV) and there is increasing mechanistic and epidemiological evidence to support a reciprocal relationship between the two. This review provides an overview of experimental and observational studies assessing the relations between sleep and FV consumption from 52 human adult studies. Experimental studies are currently limited and show inconsistent results. Observational studies support a non-linear association with adults sleeping the recommended 7–9 hours/day having the highest intakes of FV. The potential mechanisms linking sleep and FV consumption are highlighted. Disrupted sleep influences FV consumption through homeostatic and non-homeostatic mechanisms. Conversely, FV consumption may influence sleep through polyphenol content via several potential pathways. Few human experimental studies have examined the effects of FV items and their polypheno...

Research paper thumbnail of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Their Polyphenol Content Are Inversely Associated with Sleep Duration: Prospective Associations from the UK Women’s Cohort Study

Nutrients

This study aims to investigate the prospective associations between fruit and vegetable (FV) inta... more This study aims to investigate the prospective associations between fruit and vegetable (FV) intakes and their polyphenol content with subsequent sleep duration in UK women. In this study, 13,958 women with ~4 years of follow-up in the UK Women’s Cohort Study were included in the analyses. FV intakes were assessed at baseline using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and average hours of sleep per day were self-reported in follow-up. Polyphenol intake was calculated by matching FV items from the FFQ with the Phenol-Explorer database. Linear regression models, adjusting for confounders, were used for the analyses. Consuming an additional portion of apples, kiwi, oranges, pineapple, and 100% pure juice were associated with shorter sleep. Similarly, an additional portion of cabbage, celery, aubergine, olives, and peppers were inversely associated with sleep duration. An additional gram of total polyphenols was associated with shorter sleep by 18 min (99% CI −31 to −4, p < 0.001). ...

Research paper thumbnail of Recommended sleep duration is associated with higher consumption of fruits and vegetables; cross-sectional and prospective analyses from the UK Women’s Cohort Study

Sleep Science and Practice

Background: High intakes of fruit and vegetable has been shown to protect against diseases and al... more Background: High intakes of fruit and vegetable has been shown to protect against diseases and all-cause mortality however, the associations between sleep and fruit and vegetable consumption are not well characterized. This study aims to explore both cross-sectional and prospective associations between sleep duration and fruit and vegetable intakes in UK women. This is the first study to demonstrate the prospective association between sleep duration and fruit and vegetable consumption. Methods: Cross-sectional and prospective data were obtained from the UK Women's Cohort Study. Sleep duration was assessed by self-report of average hours slept on weekdays and weekends and diet was assessed by a 4-day food diary at baseline and follow-up (~4 years later). Sleep duration was categorized as short (≤6 h/d), recommended (7-9 h/d) and long (≥9 h/d). Regression analyses adjusting for age, socioeconomic status, smoking, ethnicity and total energy intake were used and restricted cubic spline models were developed to explore potential non-linear associations between sleep duration and fruit and vegetable intakes. Results: In adjusted cross-sectional analyses, short sleepers had on average 17 g/d (95% CI-30 to-4, p = 0.01) and long sleepers had 25 g/d (95% CI-39 to − 12, p < 0.001) less total fruits and vegetables compared to Recommended Sleepers (RS). In adjusted prospective analyses, short sleepers had on average 85 g/d (95% CI-144 to − 26, p = 0.005) less total fruits and vegetables in comparison to RS. Restricted cubic spline models showed that the cross-sectional (p < 0.001) and prospective (p = 0.001) associations between sleep duration and fruit and vegetable intakes were non-linear with women sleeping 7-9 h/d having the highest intakes. Conclusions: Fruit and vegetable consumption differed between sleep duration categories with UK women sleeping the recommended 7-9 h/day having the highest intake of fruits and vegetables in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. These findings suggest that sleeping the recommended duration is associated with higher consumption of fruits and vegetables. Sleep is an overlooked lifestyle factor in relation to fruit and vegetable consumption and more notice is vital. Further studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanisms for these associations.

Research paper thumbnail of The relationship between sleep duration and fruit/vegetable intakes in UK adults: a cross-sectional study from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey

BMJ Open

Objectives There is increasing evidence to suggest an association between sleep and diet. The aim... more Objectives There is increasing evidence to suggest an association between sleep and diet. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between sleep duration and fruit/vegetable (FV) intakes and their associated biomarkers in UK adults. Design Cross-sectional. setting Data from The National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Participants 1612 adults aged 19-65 years were included, pregnant/breastfeeding women were excluded from the analyses. Outcome measures Sleep duration was assessed by self-report, and diet was assessed by 4-day food diaries, disaggregation of foods containing FV into their components was conducted to determine total FV intakes. Sleep duration was divided into: short (<7 hours/day), reference (7-8 hours/day) and long (>8 hours/day) sleep periods. Multiple regression adjusting for confounders was used for analyses where sleep duration was the exposure and FV intakes and their associated biomarkers were the outcomes. Restricted cubic spline models were developed to explore potential non-linear associations. results In adjusted models, long sleepers (LS) consumed on average 28 (95% CI −50 to −6, p=0.01) g/day less of total FV compared to reference sleepers (RS), whereas short sleepers (SS) consumed 24 g/ day less (95% CI −42 to-6, p=0.006) and had lower levels of FV biomarkers (total carotenoids, β-carotene and lycopene) compared to RS. Restricted cubic spline models showed that the association between sleep duration and FV intakes was non-linear (p<0.001) with RS having the highest intakes compared to SS and LS. The associations between sleep duration and plasma total carotenoids (p=0.0035), plasma vitamin C (p=0.009) and lycopene (p<0.001) were non-linear with RS having the highest levels. Conclusions These findings show a link between sleep duration and FV consumption. This may have important implications for lifestyle and behavioural change policy.

Research paper thumbnail of Validity of an online 24-h recall tool (myfood24) for dietary assessment in population studies: comparison with biomarkers and standard interviews

BMC medicine, Aug 9, 2018

Online dietary assessment tools can reduce administrative costs and facilitate repeated dietary a... more Online dietary assessment tools can reduce administrative costs and facilitate repeated dietary assessment during follow-up in large-scale studies. However, information on bias due to measurement error of such tools is limited. We developed an online 24-h recall (myfood24) and compared its performance with a traditional interviewer-administered multiple-pass 24-h recall, assessing both against biomarkers. Metabolically stable adults were recruited and completed the new online dietary recall, an interviewer-based multiple pass recall and a suite of reference measures. Longer-term dietary intake was estimated from up to 3 × 24-h recalls taken 2 weeks apart. Estimated intakes of protein, potassium and sodium were compared with urinary biomarker concentrations. Estimated total sugar intake was compared with a predictive biomarker and estimated energy intake compared with energy expenditure measured by accelerometry and calorimetry. Nutrient intakes were also compared to those derived fr...